diff --git a/src/COMPRESS/dump_atom_gz.cpp b/src/COMPRESS/dump_atom_gz.cpp
index d4fb01a3e6..e6d8d9534b 100644
--- a/src/COMPRESS/dump_atom_gz.cpp
+++ b/src/COMPRESS/dump_atom_gz.cpp
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ void DumpAtomGZ::write_header(bigint ndump)
     }
     header += fmt::format("ITEM: ATOMS {}\n", columns);
 
-    writer.write(header.c_str(), header.length());
+    (void) writer.write(header.c_str(), header.length());
   }
 }
 
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ void DumpAtomGZ::write_header(bigint ndump)
 void DumpAtomGZ::write_data(int n, double *mybuf)
 {
   if (buffer_flag == 1) {
-    writer.write(mybuf, n);
+    (void) writer.write(mybuf, n);
   } else {
     constexpr size_t VBUFFER_SIZE = 256;
     char vbuffer[VBUFFER_SIZE];
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ void DumpAtomGZ::write_data(int n, double *mybuf)
                      static_cast<int>(mybuf[m + 1]), mybuf[m + 2], mybuf[m + 3], mybuf[m + 4]);
       }
       if (written > 0) {
-        writer.write(vbuffer, written);
+        (void) writer.write(vbuffer, written);
       } else if (written < 0) {
         error->one(FLERR, "Error while writing dump atom/gz output");
       }
diff --git a/src/COMPRESS/dump_atom_zstd.cpp b/src/COMPRESS/dump_atom_zstd.cpp
index a1a098eb19..55800a82b6 100644
--- a/src/COMPRESS/dump_atom_zstd.cpp
+++ b/src/COMPRESS/dump_atom_zstd.cpp
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ void DumpAtomZstd::write_header(bigint ndump)
     }
     header += fmt::format("ITEM: ATOMS {}\n", columns);
 
-    writer.write(header.c_str(), header.length());
+    (void) writer.write(header.c_str(), header.length());
   }
 }
 
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ void DumpAtomZstd::write_header(bigint ndump)
 void DumpAtomZstd::write_data(int n, double *mybuf)
 {
   if (buffer_flag == 1) {
-    writer.write(mybuf, n);
+    (void) writer.write(mybuf, n);
   } else {
     constexpr size_t VBUFFER_SIZE = 256;
     char vbuffer[VBUFFER_SIZE];
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ void DumpAtomZstd::write_data(int n, double *mybuf)
                      static_cast<int>(mybuf[m + 1]), mybuf[m + 2], mybuf[m + 3], mybuf[m + 4]);
       }
       if (written > 0) {
-        writer.write(vbuffer, written);
+        (void) writer.write(vbuffer, written);
       } else if (written < 0) {
         error->one(FLERR, "Error while writing dump atom/gz output");
       }
diff --git a/src/COMPRESS/dump_cfg_gz.cpp b/src/COMPRESS/dump_cfg_gz.cpp
index e4d5ae76cc..04b75a98b7 100644
--- a/src/COMPRESS/dump_cfg_gz.cpp
+++ b/src/COMPRESS/dump_cfg_gz.cpp
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ void DumpCFGGZ::write_header(bigint n)
   header += fmt::format("entry_count = {}\n", nfield - 2);
   for (int i = 0; i < nfield - 5; i++) header += fmt::format("auxiliary[{}] = {}\n", i, auxname[i]);
 
-  writer.write(header.c_str(), header.length());
+  (void) writer.write(header.c_str(), header.length());
 }
 
 /* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ void DumpCFGGZ::write_header(bigint n)
 void DumpCFGGZ::write_data(int n, double *mybuf)
 {
   if (buffer_flag) {
-    writer.write(mybuf, n);
+    (void) writer.write(mybuf, n);
   } else {
     constexpr size_t VBUFFER_SIZE = 256;
     char vbuffer[VBUFFER_SIZE];
@@ -143,13 +143,13 @@ void DumpCFGGZ::write_data(int n, double *mybuf)
               written = snprintf(vbuffer, VBUFFER_SIZE, vformat[j], static_cast<bigint>(mybuf[m]));
           }
           if (written > 0) {
-            writer.write(vbuffer, written);
+            (void) writer.write(vbuffer, written);
           } else if (written < 0) {
             error->one(FLERR, "Error while writing dump cfg/gz output");
           }
           m++;
         }
-        writer.write("\n", 1);
+        (void) writer.write("\n", 1);
       }
     } else if (unwrapflag == 1) {
       int m = 0;
@@ -174,13 +174,13 @@ void DumpCFGGZ::write_data(int n, double *mybuf)
               written = snprintf(vbuffer, VBUFFER_SIZE, vformat[j], static_cast<bigint>(mybuf[m]));
           }
           if (written > 0) {
-            writer.write(vbuffer, written);
+            (void) writer.write(vbuffer, written);
           } else if (written < 0) {
             error->one(FLERR, "Error while writing dump cfg/gz output");
           }
           m++;
         }
-        writer.write("\n", 1);
+        (void) writer.write("\n", 1);
       }
     }
   }
diff --git a/src/COMPRESS/dump_cfg_zstd.cpp b/src/COMPRESS/dump_cfg_zstd.cpp
index c52f9e0942..62d6c6bf4b 100644
--- a/src/COMPRESS/dump_cfg_zstd.cpp
+++ b/src/COMPRESS/dump_cfg_zstd.cpp
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ void DumpCFGZstd::write_header(bigint n)
   header += fmt::format("entry_count = {}\n", nfield - 2);
   for (int i = 0; i < nfield - 5; i++) header += fmt::format("auxiliary[{}] = {}\n", i, auxname[i]);
 
-  writer.write(header.c_str(), header.length());
+  (void) writer.write(header.c_str(), header.length());
 }
 
 /* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ void DumpCFGZstd::write_header(bigint n)
 void DumpCFGZstd::write_data(int n, double *mybuf)
 {
   if (buffer_flag) {
-    writer.write(mybuf, n);
+    (void) writer.write(mybuf, n);
   } else {
     constexpr size_t VBUFFER_SIZE = 256;
     char vbuffer[VBUFFER_SIZE];
@@ -151,13 +151,13 @@ void DumpCFGZstd::write_data(int n, double *mybuf)
               written = snprintf(vbuffer, VBUFFER_SIZE, vformat[j], static_cast<bigint>(mybuf[m]));
           }
           if (written > 0) {
-            writer.write(vbuffer, written);
+            (void) writer.write(vbuffer, written);
           } else if (written < 0) {
             error->one(FLERR, "Error while writing dump cfg/gz output");
           }
           m++;
         }
-        writer.write("\n", 1);
+        (void) writer.write("\n", 1);
       }
     } else if (unwrapflag == 1) {
       int m = 0;
@@ -182,13 +182,13 @@ void DumpCFGZstd::write_data(int n, double *mybuf)
               written = snprintf(vbuffer, VBUFFER_SIZE, vformat[j], static_cast<bigint>(mybuf[m]));
           }
           if (written > 0) {
-            writer.write(vbuffer, written);
+            (void) writer.write(vbuffer, written);
           } else if (written < 0) {
             error->one(FLERR, "Error while writing dump cfg/gz output");
           }
           m++;
         }
-        writer.write("\n", 1);
+        (void) writer.write("\n", 1);
       }
     }
   }
diff --git a/src/COMPRESS/dump_custom_gz.cpp b/src/COMPRESS/dump_custom_gz.cpp
index 3ff0124b24..35515d3f47 100644
--- a/src/COMPRESS/dump_custom_gz.cpp
+++ b/src/COMPRESS/dump_custom_gz.cpp
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ void DumpCustomGZ::write_header(bigint ndump)
     }
     header += fmt::format("ITEM: ATOMS {}\n", columns);
 
-    writer.write(header.c_str(), header.length());
+    (void) writer.write(header.c_str(), header.length());
   }
 }
 
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ void DumpCustomGZ::write_header(bigint ndump)
 void DumpCustomGZ::write_data(int n, double *mybuf)
 {
   if (buffer_flag == 1) {
-    writer.write(mybuf, n);
+    (void) writer.write(mybuf, n);
   } else {
     constexpr size_t VBUFFER_SIZE = 256;
     char vbuffer[VBUFFER_SIZE];
@@ -132,13 +132,13 @@ void DumpCustomGZ::write_data(int n, double *mybuf)
         }
 
         if (written > 0) {
-          writer.write(vbuffer, written);
+          (void) writer.write(vbuffer, written);
         } else if (written < 0) {
           error->one(FLERR, "Error while writing dump custom/gz output");
         }
         m++;
       }
-      writer.write("\n", 1);
+      (void) writer.write("\n", 1);
     }
   }
 }
diff --git a/src/COMPRESS/dump_custom_zstd.cpp b/src/COMPRESS/dump_custom_zstd.cpp
index 10d6d3e440..a2c4ae448c 100644
--- a/src/COMPRESS/dump_custom_zstd.cpp
+++ b/src/COMPRESS/dump_custom_zstd.cpp
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ void DumpCustomZstd::write_header(bigint ndump)
     }
     header += fmt::format("ITEM: ATOMS {}\n", columns);
 
-    writer.write(header.c_str(), header.length());
+    (void) writer.write(header.c_str(), header.length());
   }
 }
 
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ void DumpCustomZstd::write_header(bigint ndump)
 void DumpCustomZstd::write_data(int n, double *mybuf)
 {
   if (buffer_flag == 1) {
-    writer.write(mybuf, n);
+    (void) writer.write(mybuf, n);
   } else {
     constexpr size_t VBUFFER_SIZE = 256;
     char vbuffer[VBUFFER_SIZE];
@@ -150,13 +150,13 @@ void DumpCustomZstd::write_data(int n, double *mybuf)
         }
 
         if (written > 0) {
-          writer.write(vbuffer, written);
+          (void) writer.write(vbuffer, written);
         } else if (written < 0) {
           error->one(FLERR, "Error while writing dump custom/gz output");
         }
         m++;
       }
-      writer.write("\n", 1);
+      (void) writer.write("\n", 1);
     }
   }
 }
diff --git a/src/COMPRESS/dump_local_gz.cpp b/src/COMPRESS/dump_local_gz.cpp
index b39f6bc7ac..0a00c750fa 100644
--- a/src/COMPRESS/dump_local_gz.cpp
+++ b/src/COMPRESS/dump_local_gz.cpp
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ void DumpLocalGZ::write_header(bigint ndump)
     }
     header += fmt::format("ITEM: {} {}\n", label, columns);
 
-    writer.write(header.c_str(), header.length());
+    (void) writer.write(header.c_str(), header.length());
   }
 }
 
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ void DumpLocalGZ::write_header(bigint ndump)
 void DumpLocalGZ::write_data(int n, double *mybuf)
 {
   if (buffer_flag == 1) {
-    writer.write(mybuf, sizeof(char) * n);
+    (void) writer.write(mybuf, sizeof(char) * n);
   } else {
     constexpr size_t VBUFFER_SIZE = 256;
     char vbuffer[VBUFFER_SIZE];
@@ -132,13 +132,13 @@ void DumpLocalGZ::write_data(int n, double *mybuf)
         }
 
         if (written > 0) {
-          writer.write(vbuffer, written);
+          (void) writer.write(vbuffer, written);
         } else if (written < 0) {
           error->one(FLERR, "Error while writing dump local/gz output");
         }
         m++;
       }
-      writer.write("\n", 1);
+      (void) writer.write("\n", 1);
     }
   }
 }
diff --git a/src/COMPRESS/dump_local_zstd.cpp b/src/COMPRESS/dump_local_zstd.cpp
index cb805750e1..66e9df03f8 100644
--- a/src/COMPRESS/dump_local_zstd.cpp
+++ b/src/COMPRESS/dump_local_zstd.cpp
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ void DumpLocalZstd::write_header(bigint ndump)
     }
     header += fmt::format("ITEM: {} {}\n", label, columns);
 
-    writer.write(header.c_str(), header.length());
+    (void) writer.write(header.c_str(), header.length());
   }
 }
 
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ void DumpLocalZstd::write_header(bigint ndump)
 void DumpLocalZstd::write_data(int n, double *mybuf)
 {
   if (buffer_flag == 1) {
-    writer.write(mybuf, sizeof(char) * n);
+    (void) writer.write(mybuf, sizeof(char) * n);
   } else {
     constexpr size_t VBUFFER_SIZE = 256;
     char vbuffer[VBUFFER_SIZE];
@@ -140,13 +140,13 @@ void DumpLocalZstd::write_data(int n, double *mybuf)
         }
 
         if (written > 0) {
-          writer.write(vbuffer, written);
+          (void) writer.write(vbuffer, written);
         } else if (written < 0) {
           error->one(FLERR, "Error while writing dump local/gz output");
         }
         m++;
       }
-      writer.write("\n", 1);
+      (void) writer.write("\n", 1);
     }
   }
 }
diff --git a/src/COMPRESS/dump_xyz_gz.cpp b/src/COMPRESS/dump_xyz_gz.cpp
index f4d4361de4..9d70e39409 100644
--- a/src/COMPRESS/dump_xyz_gz.cpp
+++ b/src/COMPRESS/dump_xyz_gz.cpp
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ void DumpXYZGZ::write_header(bigint ndump)
     auto header = fmt::format("{}\n Atoms. Timestep: {}", ndump, update->ntimestep);
     if (time_flag) header += fmt::format(" Time: {:.6f}", compute_time());
     header += "\n";
-    writer.write(header.c_str(), header.length());
+    (void) writer.write(header.c_str(), header.length());
   }
 }
 
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ void DumpXYZGZ::write_header(bigint ndump)
 void DumpXYZGZ::write_data(int n, double *mybuf)
 {
   if (buffer_flag) {
-    writer.write(mybuf, n);
+    (void) writer.write(mybuf, n);
   } else {
     constexpr size_t VBUFFER_SIZE = 256;
     char vbuffer[VBUFFER_SIZE];
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ void DumpXYZGZ::write_data(int n, double *mybuf)
           snprintf(vbuffer, VBUFFER_SIZE, format, typenames[static_cast<int>(mybuf[m + 1])],
                    mybuf[m + 2], mybuf[m + 3], mybuf[m + 4]);
       if (written > 0) {
-        writer.write(vbuffer, written);
+        (void) writer.write(vbuffer, written);
       } else if (written < 0) {
         error->one(FLERR, "Error while writing dump xyz/gz output");
       }
diff --git a/src/COMPRESS/dump_xyz_zstd.cpp b/src/COMPRESS/dump_xyz_zstd.cpp
index 976979675a..b51b292839 100644
--- a/src/COMPRESS/dump_xyz_zstd.cpp
+++ b/src/COMPRESS/dump_xyz_zstd.cpp
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ void DumpXYZZstd::write_header(bigint ndump)
     auto header = fmt::format("{}\n Atoms. Timestep: {}", ndump, update->ntimestep);
     if (time_flag) header += fmt::format(" Time: {:.6f}", compute_time());
     header += "\n";
-    writer.write(header.c_str(), header.length());
+    (void) writer.write(header.c_str(), header.length());
   }
 }
 
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ void DumpXYZZstd::write_header(bigint ndump)
 void DumpXYZZstd::write_data(int n, double *mybuf)
 {
   if (buffer_flag) {
-    writer.write(mybuf, n);
+    (void) writer.write(mybuf, n);
   } else {
     constexpr size_t VBUFFER_SIZE = 256;
     char vbuffer[VBUFFER_SIZE];
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ void DumpXYZZstd::write_data(int n, double *mybuf)
           snprintf(vbuffer, VBUFFER_SIZE, format, typenames[static_cast<int>(mybuf[m + 1])],
                    mybuf[m + 2], mybuf[m + 3], mybuf[m + 4]);
       if (written > 0) {
-        writer.write(vbuffer, written);
+        (void) writer.write(vbuffer, written);
       } else if (written < 0) {
         error->one(FLERR, "Error while writing dump xyz/gz output");
       }
diff --git a/src/EXTRA-DUMP/dump_dcd.cpp b/src/EXTRA-DUMP/dump_dcd.cpp
index f7e7ab2737..56261338b5 100644
--- a/src/EXTRA-DUMP/dump_dcd.cpp
+++ b/src/EXTRA-DUMP/dump_dcd.cpp
@@ -300,12 +300,12 @@ void DumpDCD::write_frame()
 
   nframes++;
   out_integer = nframes;
-  fseek(fp,NFILE_POS,SEEK_SET);
+  (void) fseek(fp,NFILE_POS,SEEK_SET);
   fwrite_int32(fp,out_integer);
   out_integer = update->ntimestep;
-  fseek(fp,NSTEP_POS,SEEK_SET);
+  (void) fseek(fp,NSTEP_POS,SEEK_SET);
   fwrite_int32(fp,out_integer);
-  fseek(fp,0,SEEK_END);
+  (void) fseek(fp,0,SEEK_END);
 }
 
 /* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
diff --git a/src/EXTRA-FIX/fix_ave_correlate_long.cpp b/src/EXTRA-FIX/fix_ave_correlate_long.cpp
index 7c80365c57..738ae3ae4c 100644
--- a/src/EXTRA-FIX/fix_ave_correlate_long.cpp
+++ b/src/EXTRA-FIX/fix_ave_correlate_long.cpp
@@ -488,7 +488,7 @@ void FixAveCorrelateLong::end_of_step()
 
   if (fp && comm->me == 0) {
     clearerr(fp);
-    if (overwrite) platform::fseek(fp,filepos);
+    if (overwrite) (void) platform::fseek(fp,filepos);
     fmt::print(fp,"# Timestep: {}\n", ntimestep);
     for (unsigned int i=0; i < npcorr; ++i) {
       fprintf(fp, "%lg ", t[i]*update->dt*nevery);
diff --git a/src/dump.cpp b/src/dump.cpp
index c735a4a60d..8cc8d1c7db 100644
--- a/src/dump.cpp
+++ b/src/dump.cpp
@@ -573,7 +573,7 @@ void Dump::openfile()
         nameslist[numfiles] = utils::strdup(filecurrent);
         ++numfiles;
       } else {
-        remove(nameslist[fileidx]);
+        (void) remove(nameslist[fileidx]);
         delete[] nameslist[fileidx];
         nameslist[fileidx] = utils::strdup(filecurrent);
         fileidx = (fileidx + 1) % maxfiles;
diff --git a/src/fix_ave_chunk.cpp b/src/fix_ave_chunk.cpp
index 9382b6d38e..d9723cec9f 100644
--- a/src/fix_ave_chunk.cpp
+++ b/src/fix_ave_chunk.cpp
@@ -899,7 +899,7 @@ void FixAveChunk::end_of_step()
 
   if (fp && comm->me == 0) {
     clearerr(fp);
-    if (overwrite) platform::fseek(fp,filepos);
+    if (overwrite) (void) platform::fseek(fp,filepos);
     double count = 0.0;
     for (m = 0; m < nchunk; m++) count += count_total[m];
     fmt::print(fp,"{} {} {}\n",ntimestep,nchunk,count);
diff --git a/src/fix_ave_histo.cpp b/src/fix_ave_histo.cpp
index 9b384e60fa..35fd3fc4f9 100644
--- a/src/fix_ave_histo.cpp
+++ b/src/fix_ave_histo.cpp
@@ -716,7 +716,7 @@ void FixAveHisto::end_of_step()
 
   if (fp && comm->me == 0) {
     clearerr(fp);
-    if (overwrite) platform::fseek(fp,filepos);
+    if (overwrite) (void) platform::fseek(fp,filepos);
     fmt::print(fp,"{} {} {} {} {} {}\n",ntimestep,nbins,
             stats_total[0],stats_total[1],stats_total[2],stats_total[3]);
     if (stats_total[0] != 0.0)
diff --git a/src/fix_ave_histo_weight.cpp b/src/fix_ave_histo_weight.cpp
index cccfc86d59..c6f9b6ad22 100644
--- a/src/fix_ave_histo_weight.cpp
+++ b/src/fix_ave_histo_weight.cpp
@@ -453,7 +453,7 @@ void FixAveHistoWeight::end_of_step()
 
   if (fp && comm->me == 0) {
     clearerr(fp);
-    if (overwrite) platform::fseek(fp,filepos);
+    if (overwrite) (void) platform::fseek(fp,filepos);
     fmt::print(fp,"{} {} {} {} {} {}\n",ntimestep,nbins,
             stats_total[0],stats_total[1],stats_total[2],stats_total[3]);
     if (stats_total[0] != 0.0)
diff --git a/src/fix_ave_time.cpp b/src/fix_ave_time.cpp
index 417e0fd97a..72ff8ab6c1 100644
--- a/src/fix_ave_time.cpp
+++ b/src/fix_ave_time.cpp
@@ -640,7 +640,7 @@ void FixAveTime::invoke_scalar(bigint ntimestep)
 
   if (fp && comm->me == 0) {
     clearerr(fp);
-    if (overwrite) platform::fseek(fp,filepos);
+    if (overwrite) (void) platform::fseek(fp,filepos);
     if (yaml_flag) {
       if (!yaml_header || overwrite) {
         yaml_header = true;
diff --git a/src/min.cpp b/src/min.cpp
index e64ff9cb29..931031e44a 100644
--- a/src/min.cpp
+++ b/src/min.cpp
@@ -785,7 +785,7 @@ void Min::ev_set(bigint ntimestep)
   int flag;
 
   int eflag_global = 1;
-  for (auto &icompute : elist_global) icompute->matchstep(ntimestep);
+  for (auto &icompute : elist_global) (void) icompute->matchstep(ntimestep);
 
   flag = 0;
   int eflag_atom = 0;
diff --git a/src/platform.cpp b/src/platform.cpp
index 7cc4815f51..efed301db7 100644
--- a/src/platform.cpp
+++ b/src/platform.cpp
@@ -942,7 +942,7 @@ int platform::ftruncate(FILE *fp, bigint length)
     return 1;
   }
 #else
-  platform::fseek(fp, length);
+  (void) platform::fseek(fp, length);
   return ::ftruncate(fileno(fp), (off_t) length);
 #endif
 }
diff --git a/src/read_restart.cpp b/src/read_restart.cpp
index ef30bc81d7..615dd4b4b0 100644
--- a/src/read_restart.cpp
+++ b/src/read_restart.cpp
@@ -1030,11 +1030,11 @@ void ReadRestart::check_eof_magic()
 
   if (me == 0) {
     bigint curpos = platform::ftell(fp);
-    platform::fseek(fp,platform::END_OF_FILE);
+    (void) platform::fseek(fp,platform::END_OF_FILE);
     bigint offset = platform::ftell(fp) - n;
-    platform::fseek(fp,offset);
+    (void) platform::fseek(fp,offset);
     utils::sfread(FLERR,str,sizeof(char),n,fp,nullptr,error);
-    platform::fseek(fp,curpos);
+    (void) platform::fseek(fp,curpos);
   }
 
   MPI_Bcast(str,n,MPI_CHAR,0,world);
diff --git a/src/reader_native.cpp b/src/reader_native.cpp
index f252e01644..f0a4976038 100644
--- a/src/reader_native.cpp
+++ b/src/reader_native.cpp
@@ -542,7 +542,7 @@ void ReaderNative::skip_buf(size_t size)
 {
   bigint pos = platform::ftell(fp);
   pos += size;
-  platform::fseek(fp,pos);
+  (void) platform::fseek(fp,pos);
 }
 
 bool ReaderNative::is_known_magic_str() const
diff --git a/src/variable.cpp b/src/variable.cpp
index 12ae516983..b2f6c2882c 100644
--- a/src/variable.cpp
+++ b/src/variable.cpp
@@ -817,7 +817,7 @@ int Variable::next(int narg, char **arg)
       fprintf(fp,"%d\n",nextindex+1);
       fclose(fp);
       fp = nullptr;
-      rename("tmp.lammps.variable.lock","tmp.lammps.variable");
+      (void) rename("tmp.lammps.variable.lock","tmp.lammps.variable");
       if (universe->uscreen)
         fprintf(universe->uscreen, "Increment via next: value %d on partition %d\n",
                 nextindex+1,universe->iworld);