From 111d350a223ffd4edf2b9c00e9ac35e72d962090 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Steve Plimpton <sjplimp@sandia.gov>
Date: Tue, 28 Mar 2017 12:34:46 -0600
Subject: [PATCH] fix gcmc units change for chemical potential

---
 doc/src/Eqs/fix_gcmc1.jpg               | Bin 0 -> 5617 bytes
 doc/src/Eqs/fix_gcmc1.tex               |   9 ++
 doc/src/Eqs/fix_gcmc2.jpg               | Bin 0 -> 10626 bytes
 doc/src/Eqs/fix_gcmc2.tex               |  10 ++
 doc/src/Eqs/fix_gcmc3.jpg               | Bin 0 -> 7437 bytes
 doc/src/Eqs/fix_gcmc3.tex               |   9 ++
 doc/src/dihedral_charmm.txt             |  26 +++--
 doc/src/fix_gcmc.txt                    |  55 +++++++++--
 doc/src/pair_charmm.txt                 |   6 +-
 examples/gcmc/in.gcmc.lj                |  41 +++++---
 examples/gcmc/log.24Mar17.gcmc.lj.g++.1 | 120 +++++++++++++---------
 examples/gcmc/log.24Mar17.gcmc.lj.g++.4 | 126 ++++++++++++++----------
 src/MC/fix_gcmc.cpp                     |  16 ++-
 src/library.cpp                         |   2 +-
 src/update.cpp                          |   2 +-
 15 files changed, 287 insertions(+), 135 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 doc/src/Eqs/fix_gcmc1.jpg
 create mode 100644 doc/src/Eqs/fix_gcmc1.tex
 create mode 100644 doc/src/Eqs/fix_gcmc2.jpg
 create mode 100644 doc/src/Eqs/fix_gcmc2.tex
 create mode 100644 doc/src/Eqs/fix_gcmc3.jpg
 create mode 100644 doc/src/Eqs/fix_gcmc3.tex

diff --git a/doc/src/Eqs/fix_gcmc1.jpg b/doc/src/Eqs/fix_gcmc1.jpg
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diff --git a/doc/src/Eqs/fix_gcmc1.tex b/doc/src/Eqs/fix_gcmc1.tex
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c4b0d62527
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/src/Eqs/fix_gcmc1.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+\documentclass[12pt]{article}
+
+\begin{document}
+
+\begin{eqnarray*}
+\mu &=&\mu^{id} + \mu^{ex}
+\end{eqnarray*}
+
+\end{document}
\ No newline at end of file
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diff --git a/doc/src/Eqs/fix_gcmc2.tex b/doc/src/Eqs/fix_gcmc2.tex
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fc4d90355d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/src/Eqs/fix_gcmc2.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+\documentclass[12pt]{article}
+
+\begin{document}
+
+\begin{eqnarray*}
+\mu^{id} &=& k T \ln{\rho \Lambda^3} \\
+&=& k T \ln{\frac{\phi P \Lambda^3}{k T}} 
+\end{eqnarray*}
+
+\end{document}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/src/Eqs/fix_gcmc3.jpg b/doc/src/Eqs/fix_gcmc3.jpg
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diff --git a/doc/src/Eqs/fix_gcmc3.tex b/doc/src/Eqs/fix_gcmc3.tex
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6aac2b9e1f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/src/Eqs/fix_gcmc3.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+\documentclass[12pt]{article}
+
+\begin{document}
+
+\begin{eqnarray*}
+\Lambda &=& \sqrt{ \frac{h^2}{2 \pi m k T}}
+\end{eqnarray*}
+
+\end{document}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/src/dihedral_charmm.txt b/doc/src/dihedral_charmm.txt
index 802cf2c4ad..f4637e776d 100644
--- a/doc/src/dihedral_charmm.txt
+++ b/doc/src/dihedral_charmm.txt
@@ -40,8 +40,11 @@ field.
 
 NOTE: The newer {charmmfsh} style was released in March 2017.  We
 recommend it be used instead of the older {charmm} style when running
-a simulation with the CHARMM force field.  See the discussion below
-and more details on the "pair_style charmm"_pair_charmm.html doc page.
+a simulation with the CHARMM force field and Coulomb cutoffs, via the
+"pair_style lj/charmmfsw/coul/charmmfsh"_pair_charmm.html command.
+Otherwise the older {charmm} style is fine to use.  See the discussion
+below and more details on the "pair_style charmm"_pair_charmm.html doc
+page.
 
 The following coefficients must be defined for each dihedral type via the
 "dihedral_coeff"_dihedral_coeff.html command as in the example above, or in
@@ -82,13 +85,18 @@ special_bonds 1-4 scaling factor to 0.0 (which is the
 default). Otherwise 1-4 non-bonded interactions in dihedrals will be
 computed twice.
 
-For simulations using the CHARMM force field, the difference between
-the {charmm} and {charmmfsh} styles is in the computation of the 1-4
-non-bond interactions, if the distance between the two atoms is within
-the switching distance of the pairwise potential defined by the
-corresponding CHARMM pair style, i.e. between the inner and outer
-cutoffs specified for the pair style.  See the discussion on the
-"CHARMM pair_style"_pair_charmm.html doc page for details.
+For simulations using the CHARMM force field with a Coulomb cutoff,
+the difference between the {charmm} and {charmmfsh} styles is in the
+computation of the 1-4 non-bond interactions, though only if the
+distance between the two atoms is within the switching region of the
+pairwise potential defined by the corresponding CHARMM pair style,
+i.e. between the inner and outer cutoffs specified for the pair style.
+The {charmmfsh} style should only be used when using the "pair_style
+lj/charmmfsw/coul/charmmfsh"_pair_charmm.html to make the Coulombic
+pairwise calculations consistent.  Use the {charmm} style with
+long-range Coulombics or the older "pair_style
+lj/charmm/coul/charmm"_pair_charmm.html command.  See the discussion
+on the "CHARMM pair_style"_pair_charmm.html doc page for details.
 
 Note that for AMBER force fields, which use pair styles with "lj/cut",
 the special_bonds 1-4 scaling factor should be set to the AMBER
diff --git a/doc/src/fix_gcmc.txt b/doc/src/fix_gcmc.txt
index 1a419628e9..723e0ec6d9 100644
--- a/doc/src/fix_gcmc.txt
+++ b/doc/src/fix_gcmc.txt
@@ -122,11 +122,11 @@ If used with "fix nvt"_fix_nh.html, the temperature of the imaginary
 reservoir, T, should be set to be equivalent to the target temperature
 used in fix nvt. Otherwise, the imaginary reservoir
 will not be in thermal equilibrium with the simulation cell. Also,
-it is important that the temperature used by fix nvt be dynamic,
+it is important that the temperature used by fix nvt be dynamic/dof,
 which can be achieved as follows:
 
 compute mdtemp mdatoms temp
-compute_modify mdtemp dynamic yes
+compute_modify mdtemp dynamic/dof yes
 fix mdnvt mdatoms nvt temp 300.0 300.0 10.0
 fix_modify mdnvt temp mdtemp :pre
 
@@ -204,10 +204,43 @@ atoms/molecules are assigned to two groups: the default group "all"
 and the group specified in the fix gcmc command (which can also be
 "all").
 
-The gas reservoir pressure can be specified using the {pressure}
+The chemical potential is a user-specified input parameter defined
+as:
+
+:c,image(Eqs/fix_gcmc1.jpg)
+
+The second term mu_ex is the excess chemical potential due to
+energetic interactions and is formally zero for the fictitious gas
+reservoir but is non-zero for interacting systems. So, while the chemical
+potential of the reservoir and the simulation cell are equal, mu_ex is not,
+and as a result, the densities of the two are generally quite different.
+The first term mu_id is the ideal gas contribution to the chemical potential.
+mu_id can be related to the density or pressure of the fictitious gas reservoir by:
+
+:c,image(Eqs/fix_gcmc2.jpg)
+
+where k is Boltzman's constant,
+T is the user-specified temperature, rho is the number density,
+P is the pressure, and phi is the fugacity coefficient.
+The constant Lambda is required for dimensional consistency.
+For all unit styles except {lj} it is defined as the thermal
+de Broglie wavelength
+
+:c,image(Eqs/fix_gcmc3.jpg)
+
+where h is Planck's constant, and m is the mass of the exchanged atom or molecule.
+For unit style {lj}, Lambda is simply set to the unity. Note that prior to March 2017
+Lambda for unit style {lj} was calculated using the above formula with h set to
+the rather specific value of 0.18292026. Chemical potential
+under the old definition can be converted to an equivalent value under the new
+definition by subtracting 3kTln(Lambda_old).
+
+As an alternative to specifying mu directly, the ideal gas reservoir
+can be defined by its pressure P using the {pressure}
 keyword, in which case the user-specified chemical potential is
-ignored. For non-ideal gas reservoirs, the user may also specify the
-fugacity coefficient using the {fugacity_coeff} keyword.
+ignored. The user may also specify the
+fugacity coefficient phi using the {fugacity_coeff} keyword, which
+defaults to unity.
 
 The {full_energy} option means that fix GCMC will compute the total
 potential energy of the entire simulated system. The total system
@@ -224,7 +257,8 @@ potential energy calculations, including the following:
   many-body pair styles
   hybrid pair styles
   eam pair styles
-  triclinic systems
+  tail corrections
+
   need to include potential energy contributions from other fixes :ul
 
 In these cases, LAMMPS will automatically apply the {full_energy}
@@ -276,6 +310,13 @@ therefore, you will want to use the
 current number of atoms is used as a normalizing factor each time
 temperature is computed.  Here is the necessary command:
 
+NOTE: If the density of the cell is initially very small or zero,
+and increases to a much larger density after a period of equilibration,
+then certain quantities that are only calculated once at the start
+(kspace parameters, tail corrections) may no longer be accurate.
+The solution is to start a new simulation after the equilibrium
+density has been reached.
+
 With some pair_styles, such as "Buckingham"_pair_buck.html,
 "Born-Mayer-Huggins"_pair_born.html and "ReaxFF"_pair_reax_c.html,
 two atoms placed close to each other may have an arbitrary large, 
@@ -366,7 +407,7 @@ referenced by the user for each subsequent fix gcmc command.
 [Default:]
 
 The option defaults are mol = no, maxangle = 10, overlap_cutoff = 0.0,
-and full_energy = no,
+fugacity_coeff = 1, and full_energy = no, 
 except for the situations where full_energy is required, as
 listed above.
 
diff --git a/doc/src/pair_charmm.txt b/doc/src/pair_charmm.txt
index a3c93c7589..65b9f381c5 100644
--- a/doc/src/pair_charmm.txt
+++ b/doc/src/pair_charmm.txt
@@ -84,9 +84,9 @@ CHARMM force field.
 The styles with {charmm} (not {charmmfsw} or {charmmfsh}) in their
 name are the older, original LAMMPS implementations.  They compute the
 LJ and Coulombic interactions with an energy switching function (esw,
-a cubic polynomial, shown in the formula below), which ramps the
-energy smoothly to zero between the inner and outer cutoff.  This can
-cause irregularities in pair-wise forces (due to the discontinuous 2nd
+shown in the formula below as S(r)), which ramps the energy smoothly
+to zero between the inner and outer cutoff.  This can cause
+irregularities in pair-wise forces (due to the discontinuous 2nd
 derivative of energy at the boundaries of the switching region), which
 in some cases can result in detectable artifacts in an MD simulation.
 
diff --git a/examples/gcmc/in.gcmc.lj b/examples/gcmc/in.gcmc.lj
index 9b1f465f04..fc9afdb7f8 100644
--- a/examples/gcmc/in.gcmc.lj
+++ b/examples/gcmc/in.gcmc.lj
@@ -1,18 +1,23 @@
 # GCMC for LJ simple fluid, no dynamics
+# T = 2.0
+# rho ~ 0.5
+# p ~ 1.5
+# mu_ex ~ 0.0
+# comparable to Frenkel and Smit GCMC Case Study, Figure 5.8 
 
-# variables available on command line
+# variables modifiable using -var command line switch
 
-variable        mu index -21.0
-variable	disp index 1.0
+variable        mu index -1.25
 variable        temp index 2.0
-variable        lbox index 10.0
+variable	disp index 1.0
+variable        lbox index 5.0
 
 # global model settings
 
 units           lj
 atom_style      atomic
-pair_style      lj/cut 3.0
-pair_modify	tail yes
+pair_style      lj/cut 3.0 
+pair_modify	tail no # turn of to avoid triggering full_energy
 
 # box
 
@@ -28,15 +33,27 @@ mass		* 1.0
 
 fix             mygcmc all gcmc 1 100 100 1 29494 ${temp} ${mu} ${disp}
 
+# averaging
+
+variable	rho equal density
+variable	p equal press
+variable	nugget equal 1.0e-8
+variable        lambda equal 1.0
+variable     	muex equal ${mu}-${temp}*ln(density*${lambda}+${nugget})
+fix 		ave all ave/time 10 100 1000 v_rho v_p v_muex ave one file rho_vs_p.dat
+variable	rhoav equal f_ave[1]
+variable	pav equal f_ave[2]
+variable	muexav equal f_ave[3]
+
 # output
 
-variable	tacc equal f_mygcmc[2]/(f_mygcmc[1]+0.1)
-variable	iacc equal f_mygcmc[4]/(f_mygcmc[3]+0.1)
-variable	dacc equal f_mygcmc[6]/(f_mygcmc[5]+0.1)
+variable	tacc equal f_mygcmc[2]/(f_mygcmc[1]+${nugget})
+variable	iacc equal f_mygcmc[4]/(f_mygcmc[3]+${nugget})
+variable	dacc equal f_mygcmc[6]/(f_mygcmc[5]+${nugget})
 compute_modify  thermo_temp dynamic yes
-thermo_style    custom step temp press pe ke density atoms v_iacc v_dacc v_tacc
-thermo          100
+thermo_style    custom step temp press pe ke density atoms v_iacc v_dacc v_tacc v_rhoav v_pav v_muexav
+thermo          1000
 
 # run
 
-run             1000
+run             10000
diff --git a/examples/gcmc/log.24Mar17.gcmc.lj.g++.1 b/examples/gcmc/log.24Mar17.gcmc.lj.g++.1
index 5f967192e4..36a9fe885d 100644
--- a/examples/gcmc/log.24Mar17.gcmc.lj.g++.1
+++ b/examples/gcmc/log.24Mar17.gcmc.lj.g++.1
@@ -1,28 +1,35 @@
 LAMMPS (17 Mar 2017)
+OMP_NUM_THREADS environment is not set. Defaulting to 1 thread. (../comm.cpp:90)
+  using 1 OpenMP thread(s) per MPI task
 # GCMC for LJ simple fluid, no dynamics
+# T = 2.0
+# rho ~ 0.5
+# p ~ 1.5
+# mu_ex ~ 0.0
+# comparable to Frenkel and Smit GCMC Case Study, Figure 5.8
 
-# variables available on command line
+# variables modifiable using -var command line switch
 
-variable        mu index -21.0
-variable	disp index 1.0
+variable        mu index -1.25
 variable        temp index 2.0
-variable        lbox index 10.0
+variable	disp index 1.0
+variable        lbox index 5.0
 
 # global model settings
 
 units           lj
 atom_style      atomic
 pair_style      lj/cut 3.0
-pair_modify	tail yes
+pair_modify	tail no # turn of to avoid triggering full_energy
 
 # box
 
 region		box block 0 ${lbox} 0 ${lbox} 0 ${lbox}
-region		box block 0 10.0 0 ${lbox} 0 ${lbox}
-region		box block 0 10.0 0 10.0 0 ${lbox}
-region		box block 0 10.0 0 10.0 0 10.0
+region		box block 0 5.0 0 ${lbox} 0 ${lbox}
+region		box block 0 5.0 0 5.0 0 ${lbox}
+region		box block 0 5.0 0 5.0 0 5.0
 create_box	1 box
-Created orthogonal box = (0 0 0) to (10 10 10)
+Created orthogonal box = (0 0 0) to (5 5 5)
   1 by 1 by 1 MPI processor grid
 
 # lj parameters
@@ -34,70 +41,89 @@ mass		* 1.0
 
 fix             mygcmc all gcmc 1 100 100 1 29494 ${temp} ${mu} ${disp}
 fix             mygcmc all gcmc 1 100 100 1 29494 2.0 ${mu} ${disp}
-fix             mygcmc all gcmc 1 100 100 1 29494 2.0 -21.0 ${disp}
-fix             mygcmc all gcmc 1 100 100 1 29494 2.0 -21.0 1.0
+fix             mygcmc all gcmc 1 100 100 1 29494 2.0 -1.25 ${disp}
+fix             mygcmc all gcmc 1 100 100 1 29494 2.0 -1.25 1.0
+
+# averaging
+
+variable	rho equal density
+variable	p equal press
+variable	nugget equal 1.0e-8
+variable        lambda equal 1.0
+variable     	muex equal ${mu}-${temp}*ln(density*${lambda}+${nugget})
+variable     	muex equal -1.25-${temp}*ln(density*${lambda}+${nugget})
+variable     	muex equal -1.25-2.0*ln(density*${lambda}+${nugget})
+variable     	muex equal -1.25-2.0*ln(density*1+${nugget})
+variable     	muex equal -1.25-2.0*ln(density*1+1e-08)
+fix 		ave all ave/time 10 100 1000 v_rho v_p v_muex ave one file rho_vs_p.dat
+variable	rhoav equal f_ave[1]
+variable	pav equal f_ave[2]
+variable	muexav equal f_ave[3]
 
 # output
 
-variable	tacc equal f_mygcmc[2]/(f_mygcmc[1]+0.1)
-variable	iacc equal f_mygcmc[4]/(f_mygcmc[3]+0.1)
-variable	dacc equal f_mygcmc[6]/(f_mygcmc[5]+0.1)
+variable	tacc equal f_mygcmc[2]/(f_mygcmc[1]+${nugget})
+variable	tacc equal f_mygcmc[2]/(f_mygcmc[1]+1e-08)
+variable	iacc equal f_mygcmc[4]/(f_mygcmc[3]+${nugget})
+variable	iacc equal f_mygcmc[4]/(f_mygcmc[3]+1e-08)
+variable	dacc equal f_mygcmc[6]/(f_mygcmc[5]+${nugget})
+variable	dacc equal f_mygcmc[6]/(f_mygcmc[5]+1e-08)
 compute_modify  thermo_temp dynamic yes
-thermo_style    custom step temp press pe ke density atoms v_iacc v_dacc v_tacc
-thermo          100
+thermo_style    custom step temp press pe ke density atoms v_iacc v_dacc v_tacc v_rhoav v_pav v_muexav
+thermo          1000
 
 # run
 
-run             1000
+run             10000
 Neighbor list info ...
   update every 1 steps, delay 10 steps, check yes
   max neighbors/atom: 2000, page size: 100000
   master list distance cutoff = 3.3
   ghost atom cutoff = 3.3
-  binsize = 1.65, bins = 7 7 7
+  binsize = 1.65, bins = 4 4 4
   1 neighbor lists, perpetual/occasional/extra = 1 0 0
   (1) pair lj/cut, perpetual
       attributes: half, newton on
       pair build: half/bin/atomonly/newton
       stencil: half/bin/3d/newton
       bin: standard
-Per MPI rank memory allocation (min/avg/max) = 0.4369 | 0.4369 | 0.4369 Mbytes
-Step Temp Press PotEng KinEng Density Atoms v_iacc v_dacc v_tacc 
-       0            0            0            0           -0            0        0            0            0            0 
-     100    1.9042848   0.39026453   -1.7692765    2.8466449        0.292      292    0.3619855   0.30247792   0.40278761 
-     200    1.8651924   0.47815517   -1.8494955    2.7886155        0.305      305   0.34021109   0.30357196   0.37759189 
-     300    2.0626994   0.52068504   -1.8197295    3.0834166        0.291      291   0.32055605    0.3003043   0.36103862 
-     400    2.0394818   0.53751435   -1.7636699    3.0482184        0.278      278   0.31698808   0.29995864   0.35441275 
-     500    1.9628066   0.54594742   -1.7145336    2.9339513        0.287      287   0.31211861   0.29724228   0.35161407 
-     600    1.9845913   0.40846162   -1.8199325    2.9669308        0.299      299   0.30976643   0.29612711   0.34933559 
-     700    1.8582606   0.53445462   -1.7869306     2.777974        0.296      296   0.30642103   0.29446478   0.34633665 
-     800    2.0340641   0.66057698   -1.7075279    3.0403148        0.283      283   0.30730979   0.29746793   0.34768045 
-     900    2.0830765   0.63731971    -1.894775     3.114911        0.322      322   0.30636338   0.29737705   0.34737644 
-    1000    1.9688933   0.50024802   -1.7013944    2.9428299        0.281      281    0.3053174   0.29772245   0.34788254 
-Loop time of 3.98286 on 1 procs for 1000 steps with 281 atoms
+Per MPI rank memory allocation (min/avg/max) = 0.433 | 0.433 | 0.433 Mbytes
+Step Temp Press PotEng KinEng Density Atoms v_iacc v_dacc v_tacc v_rhoav v_pav v_muexav 
+       0            0            0            0           -0            0        0            0            0            0            0            0            0 
+    1000    2.4038954    2.1735585   -2.7041368    3.5476844        0.496       62  0.064790036   0.06313096    0.1081294      0.54304    1.4513524 -0.025479219 
+    2000    2.0461168    1.1913842   -2.9880181    3.0212194        0.512       64  0.067416408  0.066335853   0.11306166      0.52736    1.3274665  0.034690004 
+    3000    1.7930436    1.3788681   -3.2212667    2.6505861        0.552       69  0.067733191  0.066877836    0.1133516       0.5344    1.3834744 0.0070582537 
+    4000     1.981449    1.2541054   -2.8222868    2.9217977        0.472       59  0.068546991  0.067856412   0.11442807      0.52504    1.3815629  0.043309657 
+    5000    2.0946818    1.0701629   -3.5213291    3.0977688        0.568       71   0.06813743  0.067567891   0.11342906      0.53824    1.4049567 -0.0054539777 
+    6000    1.9793484   0.68224187    -3.410211    2.9247088        0.536       67  0.067797628  0.067420108   0.11295333       0.5384     1.401683 -0.0066894359 
+    7000    2.1885798    1.6745012    -3.185499    3.2345922        0.544       68  0.068630201  0.068261832   0.11403705       0.5244     1.449239  0.045987399 
+    8000    2.2175324    1.5897263    -3.078898    3.2759002        0.528       66  0.068180395  0.067899629   0.11332691      0.53928    1.5488388  -0.01075766 
+    9000    1.8610779    1.0396231    -2.923262    2.7465908        0.496       62  0.068346453  0.068028117    0.1134132      0.52912    1.4352871  0.027082544 
+   10000    2.1079271    1.1746643   -2.9112062    3.1091925         0.48       60  0.068352878  0.068054948   0.11335434       0.5316    1.4462327  0.018503094 
+Loop time of 13.05 on 1 procs for 10000 steps with 60 atoms
 
-Performance: 108464.750 tau/day, 251.076 timesteps/s
-99.9% CPU use with 1 MPI tasks x no OpenMP threads
+Performance: 331035.016 tau/day, 766.285 timesteps/s
+100.0% CPU use with 1 MPI tasks x 1 OpenMP threads
 
 MPI task timing breakdown:
 Section |  min time  |  avg time  |  max time  |%varavg| %total
 ---------------------------------------------------------------
-Pair    | 0.10563    | 0.10563    | 0.10563    |   0.0 |  2.65
-Neigh   | 0.33428    | 0.33428    | 0.33428    |   0.0 |  8.39
-Comm    | 0.027969   | 0.027969   | 0.027969   |   0.0 |  0.70
-Output  | 0.00017285 | 0.00017285 | 0.00017285 |   0.0 |  0.00
-Modify  | 3.5096     | 3.5096     | 3.5096     |   0.0 | 88.12
-Other   |            | 0.005197   |            |       |  0.13
+Pair    | 0.37239    | 0.37239    | 0.37239    |   0.0 |  2.85
+Neigh   | 0.94764    | 0.94764    | 0.94764    |   0.0 |  7.26
+Comm    | 0.092473   | 0.092473   | 0.092473   |   0.0 |  0.71
+Output  | 0.00023365 | 0.00023365 | 0.00023365 |   0.0 |  0.00
+Modify  | 11.627     | 11.627     | 11.627     |   0.0 | 89.09
+Other   |            | 0.01054    |            |       |  0.08
 
-Nlocal:    281 ave 281 max 281 min
+Nlocal:    60 ave 60 max 60 min
 Histogram: 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
-Nghost:    977 ave 977 max 977 min
+Nghost:    663 ave 663 max 663 min
 Histogram: 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
-Neighs:    5902 ave 5902 max 5902 min
+Neighs:    2133 ave 2133 max 2133 min
 Histogram: 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
 
-Total # of neighbors = 5902
-Ave neighs/atom = 21.0036
-Neighbor list builds = 1000
+Total # of neighbors = 2133
+Ave neighs/atom = 35.55
+Neighbor list builds = 10000
 Dangerous builds = 0
-Total wall time: 0:00:03
+Total wall time: 0:00:13
diff --git a/examples/gcmc/log.24Mar17.gcmc.lj.g++.4 b/examples/gcmc/log.24Mar17.gcmc.lj.g++.4
index db4cc7fd9a..8694d8b95e 100644
--- a/examples/gcmc/log.24Mar17.gcmc.lj.g++.4
+++ b/examples/gcmc/log.24Mar17.gcmc.lj.g++.4
@@ -1,28 +1,35 @@
 LAMMPS (17 Mar 2017)
+OMP_NUM_THREADS environment is not set. Defaulting to 1 thread. (../comm.cpp:90)
+  using 1 OpenMP thread(s) per MPI task
 # GCMC for LJ simple fluid, no dynamics
+# T = 2.0
+# rho ~ 0.5
+# p ~ 1.5
+# mu_ex ~ 0.0
+# comparable to Frenkel and Smit GCMC Case Study, Figure 5.8
 
-# variables available on command line
+# variables modifiable using -var command line switch
 
-variable        mu index -21.0
-variable	disp index 1.0
+variable        mu index -1.25
 variable        temp index 2.0
-variable        lbox index 10.0
+variable	disp index 1.0
+variable        lbox index 5.0
 
 # global model settings
 
 units           lj
 atom_style      atomic
 pair_style      lj/cut 3.0
-pair_modify	tail yes
+pair_modify	tail no # turn of to avoid triggering full_energy
 
 # box
 
 region		box block 0 ${lbox} 0 ${lbox} 0 ${lbox}
-region		box block 0 10.0 0 ${lbox} 0 ${lbox}
-region		box block 0 10.0 0 10.0 0 ${lbox}
-region		box block 0 10.0 0 10.0 0 10.0
+region		box block 0 5.0 0 ${lbox} 0 ${lbox}
+region		box block 0 5.0 0 5.0 0 ${lbox}
+region		box block 0 5.0 0 5.0 0 5.0
 create_box	1 box
-Created orthogonal box = (0 0 0) to (10 10 10)
+Created orthogonal box = (0 0 0) to (5 5 5)
   1 by 2 by 2 MPI processor grid
 
 # lj parameters
@@ -34,70 +41,89 @@ mass		* 1.0
 
 fix             mygcmc all gcmc 1 100 100 1 29494 ${temp} ${mu} ${disp}
 fix             mygcmc all gcmc 1 100 100 1 29494 2.0 ${mu} ${disp}
-fix             mygcmc all gcmc 1 100 100 1 29494 2.0 -21.0 ${disp}
-fix             mygcmc all gcmc 1 100 100 1 29494 2.0 -21.0 1.0
+fix             mygcmc all gcmc 1 100 100 1 29494 2.0 -1.25 ${disp}
+fix             mygcmc all gcmc 1 100 100 1 29494 2.0 -1.25 1.0
+
+# averaging
+
+variable	rho equal density
+variable	p equal press
+variable	nugget equal 1.0e-8
+variable        lambda equal 1.0
+variable     	muex equal ${mu}-${temp}*ln(density*${lambda}+${nugget})
+variable     	muex equal -1.25-${temp}*ln(density*${lambda}+${nugget})
+variable     	muex equal -1.25-2.0*ln(density*${lambda}+${nugget})
+variable     	muex equal -1.25-2.0*ln(density*1+${nugget})
+variable     	muex equal -1.25-2.0*ln(density*1+1e-08)
+fix 		ave all ave/time 10 100 1000 v_rho v_p v_muex ave one file rho_vs_p.dat
+variable	rhoav equal f_ave[1]
+variable	pav equal f_ave[2]
+variable	muexav equal f_ave[3]
 
 # output
 
-variable	tacc equal f_mygcmc[2]/(f_mygcmc[1]+0.1)
-variable	iacc equal f_mygcmc[4]/(f_mygcmc[3]+0.1)
-variable	dacc equal f_mygcmc[6]/(f_mygcmc[5]+0.1)
+variable	tacc equal f_mygcmc[2]/(f_mygcmc[1]+${nugget})
+variable	tacc equal f_mygcmc[2]/(f_mygcmc[1]+1e-08)
+variable	iacc equal f_mygcmc[4]/(f_mygcmc[3]+${nugget})
+variable	iacc equal f_mygcmc[4]/(f_mygcmc[3]+1e-08)
+variable	dacc equal f_mygcmc[6]/(f_mygcmc[5]+${nugget})
+variable	dacc equal f_mygcmc[6]/(f_mygcmc[5]+1e-08)
 compute_modify  thermo_temp dynamic yes
-thermo_style    custom step temp press pe ke density atoms v_iacc v_dacc v_tacc
-thermo          100
+thermo_style    custom step temp press pe ke density atoms v_iacc v_dacc v_tacc v_rhoav v_pav v_muexav
+thermo          1000
 
 # run
 
-run             1000
+run             10000
 Neighbor list info ...
   update every 1 steps, delay 10 steps, check yes
   max neighbors/atom: 2000, page size: 100000
   master list distance cutoff = 3.3
   ghost atom cutoff = 3.3
-  binsize = 1.65, bins = 7 7 7
+  binsize = 1.65, bins = 4 4 4
   1 neighbor lists, perpetual/occasional/extra = 1 0 0
   (1) pair lj/cut, perpetual
       attributes: half, newton on
       pair build: half/bin/atomonly/newton
       stencil: half/bin/3d/newton
       bin: standard
-Per MPI rank memory allocation (min/avg/max) = 0.434 | 0.434 | 0.434 Mbytes
-Step Temp Press PotEng KinEng Density Atoms v_iacc v_dacc v_tacc 
-       0            0            0            0           -0            0        0            0            0            0 
-     100    2.0328045   0.58661762   -1.6812724    3.0385824        0.287      287   0.35917318   0.30067507   0.38663622 
-     200    1.9594279   0.50682399   -1.7308396    2.9287927        0.284      284   0.33788365   0.30337335   0.37300293 
-     300    2.0602937    0.7028247   -1.9278541    3.0806296        0.315      315   0.31882007   0.29697498   0.36167185 
-     400     1.995183    0.4328246   -1.8715454     2.983026        0.307      307   0.31527654   0.29681901   0.35673374 
-     500    2.1390101   0.48232215    -1.554138    3.1960306        0.257      257   0.31372975   0.30003067   0.35558858 
-     600    2.0584244    0.4929049   -1.6995569    3.0767263        0.283      283   0.31114213   0.29801665   0.35160109 
-     700    1.9155066   0.49654243   -1.5770611    2.8624174        0.265      265   0.31056419   0.29944173   0.35157337 
-     800    2.0883562   0.52731947   -1.8261112    3.1220925          0.3      300   0.30730979   0.29704354   0.34898892 
-     900    2.0470677    0.5605993   -2.0130053    3.0610656        0.322      322   0.30484441   0.29586719   0.34678883 
-    1000     2.004135   0.50642204   -1.6956257    2.9955798        0.283      283   0.30396929   0.29634309   0.34770304 
-Loop time of 3.688 on 4 procs for 1000 steps with 283 atoms
+Per MPI rank memory allocation (min/avg/max) = 0.4477 | 0.4477 | 0.4477 Mbytes
+Step Temp Press PotEng KinEng Density Atoms v_iacc v_dacc v_tacc v_rhoav v_pav v_muexav 
+       0            0            0            0           -0            0        0            0            0            0            0            0            0 
+    1000     1.956397    1.7699101   -2.7889468    2.8864874        0.488       61  0.068894746  0.067229075    0.1141726      0.53288    1.3832798  0.013392866 
+    2000     2.040943   0.56060899   -2.8001647    3.0077055        0.456       57  0.069858594  0.068831934   0.11629114       0.5232    1.3587174  0.049995794 
+    3000    2.0004866    1.5736515   -3.3098044    2.9572411        0.552       69  0.069594029  0.068727791   0.11592543      0.53096    1.4129434  0.020022578 
+    4000    2.1127942     2.642809   -2.8865084    3.1211733        0.528       66  0.070268697  0.069533235   0.11693806      0.52424    1.3444615  0.046884078 
+    5000    2.3663648     1.354269   -3.1917346    3.4957662        0.528       66  0.070519633  0.069960064   0.11710321      0.52688    1.3595814  0.036270867 
+    6000    1.9224136   0.82756699      -3.1965     2.839257         0.52       65   0.06985018  0.069474645   0.11628632        0.536      1.47062   0.00141549 
+    7000    2.0266192    1.5593811   -2.9972341    2.9931606         0.52       65  0.070244693  0.069880791   0.11666541      0.52528    1.3246332  0.040754793 
+    8000    1.7790467    1.8680568   -2.8028819    2.6275151         0.52       65  0.070454494  0.070172368   0.11736806        0.524    1.4213649  0.047985191 
+    9000    1.7968847    1.3195587    -3.261001    2.6550983        0.536       67  0.069952011  0.069618327   0.11650087      0.53904    1.4624201  -0.01069837 
+   10000    2.1566109    1.1015729   -3.4999837    3.1880335        0.552       69  0.069603309  0.069284134   0.11625548      0.53128    1.3587249   0.02075238 
+Loop time of 13.0611 on 4 procs for 10000 steps with 69 atoms
 
-Performance: 117136.751 tau/day, 271.150 timesteps/s
-99.2% CPU use with 4 MPI tasks x no OpenMP threads
+Performance: 330753.007 tau/day, 765.632 timesteps/s
+99.7% CPU use with 4 MPI tasks x 1 OpenMP threads
 
 MPI task timing breakdown:
 Section |  min time  |  avg time  |  max time  |%varavg| %total
 ---------------------------------------------------------------
-Pair    | 0.024644   | 0.026027   | 0.027483   |   0.6 |  0.71
-Neigh   | 0.085449   | 0.088998   | 0.092893   |   0.9 |  2.41
-Comm    | 0.045756   | 0.051296   | 0.056578   |   1.7 |  1.39
-Output  | 0.00028491 | 0.00030857 | 0.00035262 |   0.0 |  0.01
-Modify  | 3.5189     | 3.5191     | 3.5194     |   0.0 | 95.42
-Other   |            | 0.002221   |            |       |  0.06
+Pair    | 0.08888    | 0.09443    | 0.099889   |   1.4 |  0.72
+Neigh   | 0.27721    | 0.28532    | 0.29177    |   1.1 |  2.18
+Comm    | 0.27648    | 0.28875    | 0.30268    |   1.9 |  2.21
+Output  | 0.00029635 | 0.00043058 | 0.00048113 |   0.0 |  0.00
+Modify  | 12.384     | 12.384     | 12.384     |   0.0 | 94.82
+Other   |            | 0.008055   |            |       |  0.06
 
-Nlocal:    70.75 ave 77 max 68 min
-Histogram: 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
-Nghost:    514.25 ave 520 max 507 min
-Histogram: 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1
-Neighs:    1483.5 ave 1715 max 1359 min
-Histogram: 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1
+Nlocal:    17.25 ave 23 max 10 min
+Histogram: 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 1
+Nghost:    506.5 ave 519 max 490 min
+Histogram: 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
+Neighs:    705.75 ave 998 max 369 min
+Histogram: 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1
 
-Total # of neighbors = 5934
-Ave neighs/atom = 20.9682
-Neighbor list builds = 1000
+Total # of neighbors = 2823
+Ave neighs/atom = 40.913
+Neighbor list builds = 10000
 Dangerous builds = 0
-Total wall time: 0:00:03
+Total wall time: 0:00:13
diff --git a/src/MC/fix_gcmc.cpp b/src/MC/fix_gcmc.cpp
index 780df25bdf..eae97deab5 100644
--- a/src/MC/fix_gcmc.cpp
+++ b/src/MC/fix_gcmc.cpp
@@ -432,7 +432,8 @@ void FixGCMC::init()
         (force->pair == NULL) ||
         (force->pair->single_enable == 0) ||
         (force->pair_match("hybrid",0)) ||
-        (force->pair_match("eam",0))
+        (force->pair_match("eam",0)) ||
+        (force->pair->tail_flag)
         ) {
       full_flag = true;
       if (comm->me == 0)
@@ -618,13 +619,18 @@ void FixGCMC::init()
   }
 
   // compute beta, lambda, sigma, and the zz factor
-
+  // For LJ units, lambda=1
   beta = 1.0/(force->boltz*reservoir_temperature);
-  double lambda = sqrt(force->hplanck*force->hplanck/
-                       (2.0*MY_PI*gas_mass*force->mvv2e*
+  if (strcmp(update->unit_style,"lj") == 0)
+    zz = exp(beta*chemical_potential);
+  else {
+    double lambda = sqrt(force->hplanck*force->hplanck/
+                         (2.0*MY_PI*gas_mass*force->mvv2e*
                         force->boltz*reservoir_temperature));
+    zz = exp(beta*chemical_potential)/(pow(lambda,3.0));
+  }
+  
   sigma = sqrt(force->boltz*reservoir_temperature*tfac_insert/gas_mass/force->mvv2e);
-  zz = exp(beta*chemical_potential)/(pow(lambda,3.0));
   if (pressure_flag) zz = pressure*fugacity_coeff*beta/force->nktv2p;
 
   imagezero = ((imageint) IMGMAX << IMG2BITS) |
diff --git a/src/library.cpp b/src/library.cpp
index ca3276ee8e..f9c5ad4892 100644
--- a/src/library.cpp
+++ b/src/library.cpp
@@ -790,7 +790,7 @@ void lammps_gather_atoms(void *ptr, char *name,
         for (i = 0; i < nlocal; i++) {
           offset = count*(tag[i]-1);
           for (j = 0; j < count; j++)
-            copy[offset++] = array[i][0];
+            copy[offset++] = array[i][j];
         }
       
       MPI_Allreduce(copy,data,count*natoms,MPI_INT,MPI_SUM,lmp->world);
diff --git a/src/update.cpp b/src/update.cpp
index 35492006cc..5599dc6c88 100644
--- a/src/update.cpp
+++ b/src/update.cpp
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ void Update::set_units(const char *style)
 
   if (strcmp(style,"lj") == 0) {
     force->boltz = 1.0;
-    force->hplanck = 0.18292026;  // using LJ parameters for argon
+    force->hplanck = 1.0;
     force->mvv2e = 1.0;
     force->ftm2v = 1.0;
     force->mv2d = 1.0;