git-svn-id: svn://svn.icms.temple.edu/lammps-ro/trunk@15184 f3b2605a-c512-4ea7-a41b-209d697bcdaa
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@ -126,14 +126,18 @@
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<div class="section" id="fix-orient-fcc-command">
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<span id="index-0"></span><h1>fix orient/fcc command</h1>
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</div>
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<div class="section" id="fix-orient-bcc-command">
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<h1>fix orient/bcc command</h1>
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<div class="highlight-default"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">fix</span> <span class="n">ID</span> <span class="n">group</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">ID</span> <span class="n">orient</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">fcc</span> <span class="n">nstats</span> <span class="nb">dir</span> <span class="n">alat</span> <span class="n">dE</span> <span class="n">cutlo</span> <span class="n">cuthi</span> <span class="n">file0</span> <span class="n">file1</span>
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<span class="n">fix</span> <span class="n">ID</span> <span class="n">group</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">ID</span> <span class="n">orient</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">bcc</span> <span class="n">nstats</span> <span class="nb">dir</span> <span class="n">alat</span> <span class="n">dE</span> <span class="n">cutlo</span> <span class="n">cuthi</span> <span class="n">file0</span> <span class="n">file1</span>
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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<ul class="simple">
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<li>ID, group-ID are documented in <a class="reference internal" href="fix.html"><span class="doc">fix</span></a> command</li>
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<li>nstats = print stats every this many steps, 0 = never</li>
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<li>dir = 0/1 for which crystal is used as reference</li>
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<li>alat = fcc cubic lattice constant (distance units)</li>
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<li>alat = fcc/bcc cubic lattice constant (distance units)</li>
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<li>dE = energy added to each atom (energy units)</li>
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<li>cutlo,cuthi = values between 0.0 and 1.0, cutlo < cuthi</li>
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<li>file0,file1 = files that specify orientation of each grain</li>
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@ -141,6 +145,7 @@
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<div class="section" id="examples">
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<h2>Examples</h2>
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<div class="highlight-default"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">fix</span> <span class="n">gb</span> <span class="nb">all</span> <span class="n">orient</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">fcc</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="mf">4.032008</span> <span class="mf">0.001</span> <span class="mf">0.25</span> <span class="mf">0.75</span> <span class="n">xi</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">vec</span> <span class="n">chi</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">vec</span>
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<span class="n">fix</span> <span class="n">gb</span> <span class="nb">all</span> <span class="n">orient</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">bcc</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="mf">2.882</span> <span class="mf">0.001</span> <span class="mf">0.25</span> <span class="mf">0.75</span> <span class="n">ngb</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">left</span> <span class="n">ngb</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">right</span>
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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@ -150,8 +155,9 @@
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grain boundary which can be used to induce grain boundary migration
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(in the direction perpendicular to the grain boundary plane). The
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motivation and explanation of this force and its application are
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described in <a class="reference internal" href="#janssens"><span class="std std-ref">(Janssens)</span></a>. The force is only applied to
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atoms in the fix group.</p>
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described in <a class="reference internal" href="fix_orient_fcc.html#janssens"><span class="std std-ref">(Janssens)</span></a>. The adaptiation to bcc crystals
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is described in <a class="reference internal" href="#wicaksono1"><span class="std std-ref">(Wicaksono1)</span></a>. The computed force is only
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applied to atoms in the fix group.</p>
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<p>The basic idea is that atoms in one grain (on one side of the
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boundary) have a potential energy dE added to them. Atoms in the
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other grain have 0.0 potential energy added. Atoms near the boundary
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@ -169,19 +175,21 @@ system can displace during the simulation, and such motion should be
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accounted for in measuring the grain boundary velocity.</p>
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<p>The potential energy added to atom I is given by these formulas</p>
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<img alt="_images/fix_orient_fcc.jpg" class="align-center" src="_images/fix_orient_fcc.jpg" />
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<p>which are fully explained in <a class="reference internal" href="#janssens"><span class="std std-ref">(Janssens)</span></a>. The order
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parameter Xi for atom I in equation (1) is a sum over the 12 nearest
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neighbors of atom I. Rj is the vector from atom I to its neighbor J,
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and RIj is a vector in the reference (perfect) crystal. That is, if
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dir = 0/1, then RIj is a vector to an atom coord from file 0/1.
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Equation (2) gives the expected value of the order parameter XiIJ in
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the other grain. Hi and lo cutoffs are defined in equations (3) and
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(4), using the input parameters <em>cutlo</em> and <em>cuthi</em> as thresholds to
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avoid adding grain boundary energy when the deviation in the order
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parameter from 0 or 1 is small (e.g. due to thermal fluctuations in a
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perfect crystal). The added potential energy Ui for atom I is given
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in equation (6) where it is interpolated between 0 and dE using the
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two threshold Xi values and the Wi value of equation (5).</p>
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<p>which are fully explained in <a class="reference internal" href="fix_orient_fcc.html#janssens"><span class="std std-ref">(Janssens)</span></a>. For fcc crystals
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this order parameter Xi for atom I in equation (1) is a sum over the
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12 nearest neighbors of atom I. For bcc crystals it is the
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corresponding sum of the 8 nearest neighbors. Rj is the vector from
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atom I to its neighbor J, and RIj is a vector in the reference
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(perfect) crystal. That is, if dir = 0/1, then RIj is a vector to an
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atom coord from file 0/1. Equation (2) gives the expected value of
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the order parameter XiIJ in the other grain. Hi and lo cutoffs are
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defined in equations (3) and (4), using the input parameters <em>cutlo</em>
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and <em>cuthi</em> as thresholds to avoid adding grain boundary energy when
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the deviation in the order parameter from 0 or 1 is small (e.g. due to
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thermal fluctuations in a perfect crystal). The added potential
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energy Ui for atom I is given in equation (6) where it is interpolated
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between 0 and dE using the two threshold Xi values and the Wi value of
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equation (5).</p>
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<p>The derivative of this energy expression gives the force on each atom
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which thus depends on the orientation of its neighbors relative to the
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2 grain orientations. Only atoms near the grain boundary feel a net
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@ -196,14 +204,14 @@ effect of duplicate reference vector usage is small.</p>
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expense of the other. A value of 0 means the first grain will shrink;
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a value of 1 means it will grow. This assumes that <em>dE</em> is positive.
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The reverse will be true if <em>dE</em> is negative.</p>
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<p>The <em>alat</em> parameter is the cubic lattice constant for the fcc
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<p>The <em>alat</em> parameter is the cubic lattice constant for the fcc or bcc
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material and is only used to compute a cutoff distance of 1.57 * alat
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/ sqrt(2) for finding the 12 nearest neighbors of each atom (which
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should be valid for an fcc crystal). A longer/shorter cutoff can be
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imposed by adjusting <em>alat</em>. If a particular atom has less than 12
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neighbors within the cutoff, the order parameter of equation (1) is
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effectively multiplied by 12 divided by the actual number of neighbors
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within the cutoff.</p>
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/ sqrt(2) for finding the 12 or 8 nearest neighbors of each atom
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(which should be valid for an fcc or bcc crystal). A longer/shorter
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cutoff can be imposed by adjusting <em>alat</em>. If a particular atom has
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less than 12 or 8 neighbors within the cutoff, the order parameter of
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equation (1) is effectively multiplied by 12 or 8 divided by the
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actual number of neighbors within the cutoff.</p>
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<p>The <em>dE</em> parameter is the maximum amount of additional energy added to
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each atom in the grain which wants to shrink.</p>
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<p>The <em>cutlo</em> and <em>cuthi</em> parameters are used to reduce the force added
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@ -222,7 +230,8 @@ orientation. The vector lengths should all be identical since an fcc
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lattice has a coordination number of 12. Only 6 are listed due to
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symmetry, so the list must include one from each pair of
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equal-and-opposite neighbors. A pair of orientation files for a
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Sigma=5 tilt boundary are show below.</p>
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Sigma=5 tilt boundary are shown below. A tutorial that can help for
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writing the orientation files is given in <a class="reference internal" href="#wicaksono2"><span class="std std-ref">(Wicaksono2)</span></a></p>
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</div>
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<div class="section" id="restart-fix-modify-output-run-start-stop-minimize-info">
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<h2>Restart, fix_modify, output, run start/stop, minimize info</h2>
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@ -246,7 +255,7 @@ the <a class="reference internal" href="run.html"><span class="doc">run</span></
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<h2>Restrictions</h2>
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<p>This fix is part of the MISC package. It is only enabled if LAMMPS
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was built with that package. See the <a class="reference internal" href="Section_start.html#start-3"><span class="std std-ref">Making LAMMPS</span></a> section for more info.</p>
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<p>This fix should only be used with fcc lattices.</p>
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<p>This fix should only be used with fcc or bcc lattices.</p>
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</div>
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<div class="section" id="related-commands">
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<h2>Related commands</h2>
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@ -255,6 +264,10 @@ was built with that package. See the <a class="reference internal" href="Sectio
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<hr class="docutils" />
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<p id="janssens"><strong>(Janssens)</strong> Janssens, Olmsted, Holm, Foiles, Plimpton, Derlet, Nature
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Materials, 5, 124-127 (2006).</p>
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<p id="wicaksono1"><strong>(Wicaksono1)</strong> Wicaksono, Sinclair, Militzer, Computational Materials
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Science, 117, 397-405 (2016).</p>
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<p id="wicaksono2"><strong>(Wicaksono2)</strong> Wicaksono, figshare,
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<a class="reference external" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.1488628.v1">https://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.1488628.v1</a> (2015).</p>
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<hr class="docutils" />
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<p>For illustration purposes, here are example files that specify a
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Sigma=5 <100> tilt boundary. This is for a lattice constant of 3.5706
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