This commit is contained in:
Axel Kohlmeyer
2022-11-30 13:34:42 -05:00
parent e5b1b29912
commit cd4d6261e2
2 changed files with 30 additions and 17 deletions

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@ -63,15 +63,15 @@ All keywords except path_to_training_data_set have default values. If keywords a
On successful training, it produces a number of output files:
* training_errors.txt reports the errors in energy and forces for the training data set
* traning_analysis.txt reports detailed errors for all training configurations
* training_analysis.txt reports detailed errors for all training configurations
* test_errors.txt reports errors for the test data set
* test_analysis.txt reports detailed errors for all test configurations
* coefficents.txt contains the coeffcients of the POD potential
* coefficients.txt contains the coefficients of the POD potential
After training the POD potential, pod.txt and coefficents.txt are two files needed to use the
POD potential in LAMMPS. See :doc:`pair_style pod <pair_pod>` for using the POD potential. Examples about training and using POD potentials are found in the directory lammps/examples/PACKAGES/pod.
Parametrized Potential Energy Surface
Parameterized Potential Energy Surface
"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
We consider a multi-element system of *N* atoms with :math:`N_{\rm e}` unique elements.
@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ The superscript on each potential denotes its body order. Each *q*-body potentia
depends on :math:`\boldsymbol \mu^{(q)}` which are sets of parameters to fit the PES. Note
that :math:`\boldsymbol \mu` is a collection of all potential parameters
:math:`\boldsymbol \mu^{(1)}`, :math:`\boldsymbol \mu^{(2)}`, :math:`\boldsymbol \mu^{(3)}`, etc,
and that :math:`\boldsymbol \eta` is a set of hyperparameters such as inner cut-off radius
and that :math:`\boldsymbol \eta` is a set of hyper-parameters such as inner cut-off radius
:math:`r_{\rm in}` and outer cut-off radius :math:`r_{\rm cut}`.
Interatomic potentials rely on parameters to learn relationship between atomic environments
@ -107,8 +107,8 @@ obtain *Q* different optimized potentials, :math:`E(\boldsymbol R,\boldsymbol Z,
Consequently, there exist many different sets of optimized parameters for empirical interatomic potentials.
Instead of optimizing the potential parameters, inspired by the reduced basis method
:ref:`(Grepl) <Grepl20072>` for parametrized partial differential equations,
we view the parametrized PES as a parametric manifold of potential energies
:ref:`(Grepl) <Grepl20072>` for parameterized partial differential equations,
we view the parameterized PES as a parametric manifold of potential energies
.. math::
@ -120,8 +120,8 @@ of :math:`\boldsymbol \mu \in \Omega^{\boldsymbol \mu}`. Therefore, the paramet
and more transferable atomic representation than any particular individual PES
:math:`E(\boldsymbol R, \boldsymbol Z, \boldsymbol \eta, \boldsymbol \mu^*)`.
We propose specific forms of the parametrized potentials for one-body, two-body,
and three-body interactions. We apply the Karhunen-Loeve expansion to snapshots of the parametrized potentials
We propose specific forms of the parameterized potentials for one-body, two-body,
and three-body interactions. We apply the Karhunen-Loeve expansion to snapshots of the parameterized potentials
to obtain sets of orthogonal basis functions. These basis functions are aggregated
according to the chemical elements of atoms, thus leading to multi-element proper orthogonal descriptors.
@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ We adopt the usual assumption that the direct interaction between two atoms vani
when their distance is greater than the outer cutoff distance :math:`r_{\rm cut}`. Furthermore, we
assume that two atoms can not get closer than the inner cutoff distance :math:`r_{\rm in}`
due to the Pauli repulsion principle. Let :math:`r \in (r_{\rm in}, r_{\rm cut})`, we introduce the
following parametrized radial functions
following parameterized radial functions
.. math::
@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ and :math:`r_{\rm cut}`, and parameters :math:`\alpha, \beta, \gamma, \kappa`. T
these parameters allow the function :math:`\psi` to characterize a diverse spectrum of
two-body interactions within the cut-off interval :math:`(r_{\rm in}, r_{\rm cut})`.
Next, we introduce the following parametrized potential
Next, we introduce the following parameterized potential
.. math::
@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ its derivative for :math:`r_{ij} \ge r_{\rm cut}`:
f_{\rm c}(r_{ij}, r_{\rm in}, r_{\rm cut}) = \exp \left(1 -\frac{1}{\sqrt{\left(1 - \frac{(r-r_{\rm in})^3}{(r_{\rm cut} - r_{\rm in})^3} \right)^2 + 10^{-6}}} \right)
Based on the parametrized potential, we form a set of snapshots as follows.
Based on the parameterized potential, we form a set of snapshots as follows.
We assume that we are given :math:`N_{\rm s}` parameter tuples
:math:`\boldsymbol \mu^{(2)}_\ell, 1 \le \ell \le N_{\rm s}`. We introduce the
following set of snapshots on :math:`(r_{\rm in}, r_{\rm cut})`:
@ -276,7 +276,7 @@ descriptors depend on :math:`\boldsymbol Z`, their computational complexity
is independent of :math:`N_{\rm e}`.
In order to provide proper orthogonal descriptors for three-body interactions,
we need to introduce a three-body parametrized potential. In particular, the
we need to introduce a three-body parameterized potential. In particular, the
three-body potential is defined as a product of radial and angular functions as follows
.. math::
@ -308,7 +308,7 @@ obtain orthogonal basis functions as follows
U^{r}_m(r_{ij}, r_{\rm min}, r_{\rm max} ) = \sum_{\ell = 1}^{L_{\rm r}} A_{\ell m} \, \zeta_\ell(r_{ij}, r_{\rm min}, r_{\rm max} ), \qquad m = 1, \ldots, N_{\rm r} ,
where the matrix :math:`\boldsymbol A \in \mathbb{R}^{L_{\rm r} \times L_{\rm r}}` consists
of eigenvectors of the eigenvalue problem. For the parametrized angular function,
of eigenvectors of the eigenvalue problem. For the parameterized angular function,
we consider angular basis functions
.. math::
@ -316,7 +316,7 @@ we consider angular basis functions
U^{a}_n(\theta_{ijk}) = \cos ((n-1) \theta_{ijk}), \qquad n = 1,\ldots, N_{\rm a},
where :math:`N_{\rm a}` is the number of angular basis functions. The orthogonal
basis functions for the parametrized potential are computed as follows
basis functions for the parameterized potential are computed as follows
.. math::
@ -353,7 +353,7 @@ where
\right.
The number of three-body descriptors per atom is thus :math:`N_{\rm 3b} N_{\rm e}^2(N_{\rm e}+1)/2`.
While the number of three-body PODs increases cubically as a function of the number of elements,
While the number of three-body PODs is cubic function of the number of elements,
the computational complexity of the three-body PODs is independent of the number of elements.
Four-Body SNAP Descriptors
@ -558,8 +558,8 @@ descriptors, it is more expensive to train the linear POD potential. This is
because the training of the quadratic POD potential
still requires us to calculate and store the quadratic global descriptors and
their gradient. Furthermore, the quadratic POD potential may require more training
data in order to prevent overfitting. In order to reduce the computational cost of fitting
the quadratic POD potential and avoid overfitting, we can use subsets of two-body and three-body
data in order to prevent over-fitting. In order to reduce the computational cost of fitting
the quadratic POD potential and avoid over-fitting, we can use subsets of two-body and three-body
PODs for constructing the new descriptors.

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@ -256,6 +256,7 @@ berlin
Berne
Bertotti
Bessarab
bessel
Beutler
Bext
Bfrac
@ -447,6 +448,7 @@ checkbox
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Chemnitz
Cheng
@ -1028,6 +1030,7 @@ exe
executables
extep
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@ -1096,6 +1099,7 @@ fingerprintconstants
fingerprintsperelement
Finnis
Fiorin
fitpod
fixID
fj
Fji
@ -1138,6 +1142,7 @@ Forschungszentrum
fortran
Fortran
Fosado
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fourier
fp
fphi
@ -1271,6 +1276,7 @@ greenyellow
Greffet
grem
gREM
Grepl
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Grigera
Grimme
@ -1629,6 +1635,7 @@ Kalia
Kamberaj
Kantorovich
Kapfer
Karhunen
Karls
Karlsruhe
Karniadakis
@ -1883,6 +1890,7 @@ ln
localhost
localTemp
localvectors
Loeve
Loewen
logfile
logfreq
@ -1934,6 +1942,7 @@ Mackrodt
MacOS
Macromolecules
macroparticle
Maday
Madura
Magda
Magdeburg
@ -2551,6 +2560,7 @@ Omelyan
omp
OMP
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onelevel
oneway
onlysalt
@ -2632,6 +2642,7 @@ Pastewka
pathangle
pathname
pathnames
Patera
Patomtrans
Pattnaik
Pavese
@ -2927,6 +2938,7 @@ Rcmx
Rcmy
Rco
Rcut
rcut
rcutfac
rdc
rdf
@ -3019,6 +3031,7 @@ Rij
RIj
Rik
Rin
rin
Rinaldi
Rino
RiRj