diff --git a/doc/src/Speed_kokkos.rst b/doc/src/Speed_kokkos.rst
index 569a24f1c2..8161e69a1c 100644
--- a/doc/src/Speed_kokkos.rst
+++ b/doc/src/Speed_kokkos.rst
@@ -285,6 +285,16 @@ one or more nodes, each with two GPUs:
    settings. Experimenting with its options can provide a speed-up for
    specific calculations. For example:
 
+.. note::
+
+   The default binsize for :doc:`atom sorting <atom_modify>` on GPUs
+   is equal to the default CPU neighbor binsize (i.e. 2x smaller than the
+   default GPU neighbor binsize). When running simple pair-wise
+   potentials like Lennard Jones on GPUs, using a 2x larger binsize for
+   atom sorting (equal to the default GPU neighbor binsize) and a more
+   frequent sorting than default (e.g. sorting every 100 time steps
+   instead of 1000) may improve performance.
+
 .. code-block:: bash
 
    mpirun -np 2 lmp_kokkos_cuda_openmpi -k on g 2 -sf kk -pk kokkos newton on neigh half binsize 2.8 -in in.lj      # Newton on, half neighbor list, set binsize = neighbor ghost cutoff
diff --git a/doc/src/atom_modify.rst b/doc/src/atom_modify.rst
index 9049a24fde..1e5a3d49ff 100644
--- a/doc/src/atom_modify.rst
+++ b/doc/src/atom_modify.rst
@@ -153,6 +153,13 @@ cache locality will be undermined.
    order of atoms in a :doc:`dump <dump>` file will also typically change
    if sorting is enabled.
 
+.. note::
+
+   When running simple pair-wise potentials like Lennard Jones on GPUs
+   with the KOKKOS package, using a larger binsize (e.g. 2x larger than
+   default) and a more frequent reordering than default (e.g. every 100
+   time steps) may improve performance.
+
 Restrictions
 """"""""""""
 
diff --git a/doc/src/package.rst b/doc/src/package.rst
index 76bf20a97f..14d978c3c9 100644
--- a/doc/src/package.rst
+++ b/doc/src/package.rst
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ Syntax
            *no_affinity* values = none
        *kokkos* args = keyword value ...
          zero or more keyword/value pairs may be appended
-         keywords = *neigh* or *neigh/qeq* or *neigh/thread* or *neigh/transpose* or *newton* or *binsize* or *comm* or *comm/exchange* or *comm/forward* or *comm/pair/forward* or *comm/fix/forward* or *comm/reverse* or *comm/pair/reverse* or *gpu/aware* or *pair/only*
+         keywords = *neigh* or *neigh/qeq* or *neigh/thread* or *neigh/transpose* or *newton* or *binsize* or *comm* or *comm/exchange* or *comm/forward* or *comm/pair/forward* or *comm/fix/forward* or *comm/reverse* or *comm/pair/reverse* or *sort* or *gpu/aware* or *pair/only*
            *neigh* value = *full* or *half*
              full = full neighbor list
              half = half neighbor list built in thread-safe manner
@@ -102,6 +102,9 @@ Syntax
            *comm/pair/reverse* value = *no* or *device*
              *no* = perform communication pack/unpack in non-KOKKOS mode
              *device* = perform pack/unpack on device (e.g. on GPU)
+           *sort* value = *no* or *device*
+             *no* = perform atom sorting in non-KOKKOS mode
+             *device* = perform atom sorting on device (e.g. on GPU)
            *gpu/aware* = *off* or *on*
              *off* = do not use GPU-aware MPI
              *on* = use GPU-aware MPI (default)
@@ -554,6 +557,17 @@ pack/unpack communicated data. When running small systems on a GPU,
 performing the exchange pack/unpack on the host CPU can give speedup
 since it reduces the number of CUDA kernel launches.
 
+The *sort* keyword determines whether the host or device performs atom
+sorting, see the :doc:`atom_modify sort <atom_modify>` command.  The
+value options for the *sort* keyword are *no* or *device* similar to the
+*comm* keywords above. If a value of *host* is used it will be
+automatically be changed to *no* since the *sort* keyword doesn't
+support *host* mode. The value of *no* will also always be used when
+running on the CPU, i.e. setting the value to *device* will have no
+effect if the simulation is running on the CPU. Not all fix styles with
+extra atom data support *device* mode and in that case a warning will be
+given and atom sorting will run in *no* mode instead.
+
 The *gpu/aware* keyword chooses whether GPU-aware MPI will be used. When
 this keyword is set to *on*, buffers in GPU memory are passed directly
 through MPI send/receive calls. This reduces overhead of first copying
@@ -705,12 +719,12 @@ script or via the "-pk intel" :doc:`command-line switch <Run_options>`.
 
 For the KOKKOS package, the option defaults for GPUs are neigh = full,
 neigh/qeq = full, newton = off, binsize for GPUs = 2x LAMMPS default
-value, comm = device, neigh/transpose = off, gpu/aware = on. When
-LAMMPS can safely detect that GPU-aware MPI is not available, the
-default value of gpu/aware becomes "off". For CPUs or Xeon Phis, the
-option defaults are neigh = half, neigh/qeq = half, newton = on,
-binsize = 0.0, and comm = no.  The option neigh/thread = on when there
-are 16K atoms or less on an MPI rank, otherwise it is "off". These
+value, comm = device, sort = device, neigh/transpose = off, gpu/aware =
+on. When LAMMPS can safely detect that GPU-aware MPI is not available,
+the default value of gpu/aware becomes "off". For CPUs or Xeon Phis, the
+option defaults are neigh = half, neigh/qeq = half, newton = on, binsize
+= 0.0, comm = no, and sort = no.  The option neigh/thread = on when
+there are 16K atoms or less on an MPI rank, otherwise it is "off". These
 settings are made automatically by the required "-k on"
 :doc:`command-line switch <Run_options>`. You can change them by using
 the package kokkos command in your input script or via the :doc:`-pk
diff --git a/src/KOKKOS/atom_kokkos.cpp b/src/KOKKOS/atom_kokkos.cpp
index 0cc682eda9..f9fa31bf2a 100644
--- a/src/KOKKOS/atom_kokkos.cpp
+++ b/src/KOKKOS/atom_kokkos.cpp
@@ -22,6 +22,11 @@
 #include "kokkos.h"
 #include "memory_kokkos.h"
 #include "update.h"
+#include "kokkos_base.h"
+#include "modify.h"
+#include "fix.h"
+
+#include <Kokkos_Sort.hpp>
 
 using namespace LAMMPS_NS;
 
@@ -103,6 +108,15 @@ AtomKokkos::~AtomKokkos()
 
 /* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
 
+void AtomKokkos::init()
+{
+  Atom::init();
+
+  sort_classic = lmp->kokkos->sort_classic;
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
 void AtomKokkos::sync(const ExecutionSpace space, unsigned int mask)
 {
   if (space == Device && lmp->kokkos->auto_sync) avecKK->modified(Host, mask);
@@ -140,8 +154,37 @@ void AtomKokkos::allocate_type_arrays()
 
 void AtomKokkos::sort()
 {
-  int i, m, n, ix, iy, iz, ibin, empty;
+  // check if all fixes with atom-based arrays support sort on device
 
+  if (!sort_classic) {
+    int flag = 1;
+    for (int iextra = 0; iextra < atom->nextra_grow; iextra++) {
+      auto fix_iextra = modify->fix[atom->extra_grow[iextra]];
+      if (!fix_iextra->sort_device) {
+        flag = 0;
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+    if (!flag) {
+      if (comm->me == 0) {
+        error->warning(FLERR,"Fix with atom-based arrays not compatible with Kokkos sorting on device, "
+                           "switching to classic host sorting");
+      }
+      sort_classic = true;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (sort_classic) {
+    sync(Host, ALL_MASK);
+    Atom::sort();
+    modified(Host, ALL_MASK);
+  } else sort_device();
+}
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+void AtomKokkos::sort_device()
+{
   // set next timestep for sorting to take place
 
   nextsort = (update->ntimestep / sortfreq) * sortfreq + sortfreq;
@@ -151,94 +194,37 @@ void AtomKokkos::sort()
   if (domain->box_change) setup_sort_bins();
   if (nbins == 1) return;
 
-  // reallocate per-atom vectors if needed
-
-  if (atom->nmax > maxnext) {
-    memory->destroy(next);
-    memory->destroy(permute);
-    maxnext = atom->nmax;
-    memory->create(next, maxnext, "atom:next");
-    memory->create(permute, maxnext, "atom:permute");
-  }
-
-  // ensure there is one extra atom location at end of arrays for swaps
-
-  if (nlocal == nmax) avec->grow(0);
-
   // for triclinic, atoms must be in box coords (not lamda) to match bbox
 
   if (domain->triclinic) domain->lamda2x(nlocal);
 
-  sync(Host, ALL_MASK);
+  auto d_x = k_x.d_view;
+  sync(Device, X_MASK);
 
-  // bin atoms in reverse order so linked list will be in forward order
+  // sort
 
-  for (i = 0; i < nbins; i++) binhead[i] = -1;
+  int max_bins[3];
+  max_bins[0] = nbinx;
+  max_bins[1] = nbiny;
+  max_bins[2] = nbinz;
 
-  HAT::t_x_array_const h_x = k_x.view<LMPHostType>();
-  for (i = nlocal - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
-    ix = static_cast<int>((h_x(i, 0) - bboxlo[0]) * bininvx);
-    iy = static_cast<int>((h_x(i, 1) - bboxlo[1]) * bininvy);
-    iz = static_cast<int>((h_x(i, 2) - bboxlo[2]) * bininvz);
-    ix = MAX(ix, 0);
-    iy = MAX(iy, 0);
-    iz = MAX(iz, 0);
-    ix = MIN(ix, nbinx - 1);
-    iy = MIN(iy, nbiny - 1);
-    iz = MIN(iz, nbinz - 1);
-    ibin = iz * nbiny * nbinx + iy * nbinx + ix;
-    next[i] = binhead[ibin];
-    binhead[ibin] = i;
-  }
+  using KeyViewType = DAT::t_x_array;
+  using BinOp = BinOp3DLAMMPS<KeyViewType>;
+  BinOp binner(max_bins, bboxlo, bboxhi);
+  Kokkos::BinSort<KeyViewType, BinOp> Sorter(d_x, 0, nlocal, binner, false);
+  Sorter.create_permute_vector(LMPDeviceType());
 
-  // permute = desired permutation of atoms
-  // permute[I] = J means Ith new atom will be Jth old atom
+  avecKK->sort_kokkos(Sorter);
 
-  n = 0;
-  for (m = 0; m < nbins; m++) {
-    i = binhead[m];
-    while (i >= 0) {
-      permute[n++] = i;
-      i = next[i];
+  if (atom->nextra_grow) {
+    for (int iextra = 0; iextra < atom->nextra_grow; iextra++) {
+      auto fix_iextra = modify->fix[atom->extra_grow[iextra]];
+      KokkosBase *kkbase = dynamic_cast<KokkosBase*>(fix_iextra);
+
+      kkbase->sort_kokkos(Sorter);
     }
   }
 
-  // current = current permutation, just reuse next vector
-  // current[I] = J means Ith current atom is Jth old atom
-
-  int *current = next;
-  for (i = 0; i < nlocal; i++) current[i] = i;
-
-  // reorder local atom list, when done, current = permute
-  // perform "in place" using copy() to extra atom location at end of list
-  // inner while loop processes one cycle of the permutation
-  // copy before inner-loop moves an atom to end of atom list
-  // copy after inner-loop moves atom at end of list back into list
-  // empty = location in atom list that is currently empty
-
-  for (i = 0; i < nlocal; i++) {
-    if (current[i] == permute[i]) continue;
-    avec->copy(i, nlocal, 0);
-    empty = i;
-    while (permute[empty] != i) {
-      avec->copy(permute[empty], empty, 0);
-      empty = current[empty] = permute[empty];
-    }
-    avec->copy(nlocal, empty, 0);
-    current[empty] = permute[empty];
-  }
-
-  // sanity check that current = permute
-
-  //int flag = 0;
-  //for (i = 0; i < nlocal; i++)
-  //  if (current[i] != permute[i]) flag = 1;
-  //int flagall;
-  //MPI_Allreduce(&flag,&flagall,1,MPI_INT,MPI_SUM,world);
-  //if (flagall) errorX->all(FLERR,"Atom sort did not operate correctly");
-
-  modified(Host, ALL_MASK);
-
  //  convert back to lamda coords
 
  if (domain->triclinic) domain->x2lamda(nlocal);
@@ -250,7 +236,6 @@ void AtomKokkos::sort()
 
 void AtomKokkos::grow(unsigned int mask)
 {
-
   if (mask & SPECIAL_MASK) {
     memoryKK->destroy_kokkos(k_special, special);
     sync(Device, mask);
diff --git a/src/KOKKOS/atom_kokkos.h b/src/KOKKOS/atom_kokkos.h
index 2dd0198111..d1bb41a7b8 100644
--- a/src/KOKKOS/atom_kokkos.h
+++ b/src/KOKKOS/atom_kokkos.h
@@ -22,6 +22,8 @@ namespace LAMMPS_NS {
 
 class AtomKokkos : public Atom {
  public:
+  bool sort_classic;
+
   DAT::tdual_tagint_1d k_tag;
   DAT::tdual_int_1d k_type, k_mask;
   DAT::tdual_imageint_1d k_image;
@@ -108,6 +110,7 @@ class AtomKokkos : public Atom {
     return local;
   }
 
+  void init() override;
   void allocate_type_arrays() override;
   void sync(const ExecutionSpace space, unsigned int mask);
   void modified(const ExecutionSpace space, unsigned int mask);
@@ -119,6 +122,7 @@ class AtomKokkos : public Atom {
   virtual void deallocate_topology();
   void sync_modify(ExecutionSpace, unsigned int, unsigned int) override;
  private:
+  void sort_device();
   class AtomVec *new_avec(const std::string &, int, int &) override;
 };
 
diff --git a/src/KOKKOS/atom_vec_angle_kokkos.cpp b/src/KOKKOS/atom_vec_angle_kokkos.cpp
index f132298c2d..dd6be164c0 100644
--- a/src/KOKKOS/atom_vec_angle_kokkos.cpp
+++ b/src/KOKKOS/atom_vec_angle_kokkos.cpp
@@ -155,6 +155,35 @@ void AtomVecAngleKokkos::grow_pointers()
   h_angle_atom3 = atomKK->k_angle_atom3.h_view;
 }
 
+/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+   sort atom arrays on device
+------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+void AtomVecAngleKokkos::sort_kokkos(Kokkos::BinSort<KeyViewType, BinOp> &Sorter)
+{
+  atomKK->sync(Device, ALL_MASK & ~F_MASK);
+
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_tag);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_type);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_mask);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_image);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_x);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_v);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_molecule);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_num_bond);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_bond_type);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_bond_atom);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_nspecial);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_special);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_num_angle);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_angle_type);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_angle_atom1);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_angle_atom2);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_angle_atom3);
+
+  atomKK->modified(Device, ALL_MASK & ~F_MASK);
+}
+
 /* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
 
 template<class DeviceType,int PBC_FLAG,int TRICLINIC>
diff --git a/src/KOKKOS/atom_vec_angle_kokkos.h b/src/KOKKOS/atom_vec_angle_kokkos.h
index a1c20c103b..44f1d824b2 100644
--- a/src/KOKKOS/atom_vec_angle_kokkos.h
+++ b/src/KOKKOS/atom_vec_angle_kokkos.h
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ class AtomVecAngleKokkos : public AtomVecKokkos, public AtomVecAngle {
 
   void grow(int) override;
   void grow_pointers() override;
+  void sort_kokkos(Kokkos::BinSort<KeyViewType, BinOp> &Sorter) override;
   int pack_comm_kokkos(const int &n, const DAT::tdual_int_2d &k_sendlist,
                        const int & iswap,
                        const DAT::tdual_xfloat_2d &buf,
diff --git a/src/KOKKOS/atom_vec_atomic_kokkos.cpp b/src/KOKKOS/atom_vec_atomic_kokkos.cpp
index e37779ace5..1ea8377a68 100644
--- a/src/KOKKOS/atom_vec_atomic_kokkos.cpp
+++ b/src/KOKKOS/atom_vec_atomic_kokkos.cpp
@@ -100,6 +100,24 @@ void AtomVecAtomicKokkos::grow_pointers()
   h_f = atomKK->k_f.h_view;
 }
 
+/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+   sort atom arrays on device
+------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+void AtomVecAtomicKokkos::sort_kokkos(Kokkos::BinSort<KeyViewType, BinOp> &Sorter)
+{
+  atomKK->sync(Device, ALL_MASK & ~F_MASK);
+
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_tag);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_type);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_mask);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_image);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_x);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_v);
+
+  atomKK->modified(Device, ALL_MASK & ~F_MASK);
+}
+
 /* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
 
 template<class DeviceType,int PBC_FLAG>
diff --git a/src/KOKKOS/atom_vec_atomic_kokkos.h b/src/KOKKOS/atom_vec_atomic_kokkos.h
index f72af73537..07631dda98 100644
--- a/src/KOKKOS/atom_vec_atomic_kokkos.h
+++ b/src/KOKKOS/atom_vec_atomic_kokkos.h
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ class AtomVecAtomicKokkos : public AtomVecKokkos, public AtomVecAtomic {
 
   void grow(int) override;
   void grow_pointers() override;
+  void sort_kokkos(Kokkos::BinSort<KeyViewType, BinOp> &Sorter) override;
   int pack_border_kokkos(int n, DAT::tdual_int_2d k_sendlist,
                          DAT::tdual_xfloat_2d buf,int iswap,
                          int pbc_flag, int *pbc, ExecutionSpace space) override;
diff --git a/src/KOKKOS/atom_vec_bond_kokkos.cpp b/src/KOKKOS/atom_vec_bond_kokkos.cpp
index dcbe1876f4..c45bdedf38 100644
--- a/src/KOKKOS/atom_vec_bond_kokkos.cpp
+++ b/src/KOKKOS/atom_vec_bond_kokkos.cpp
@@ -126,6 +126,30 @@ void AtomVecBondKokkos::grow_pointers()
   h_bond_atom = atomKK->k_bond_atom.h_view;
 }
 
+/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+   sort atom arrays on device
+------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+void AtomVecBondKokkos::sort_kokkos(Kokkos::BinSort<KeyViewType, BinOp> &Sorter)
+{
+  atomKK->sync(Device, ALL_MASK & ~F_MASK);
+
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_tag);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_type);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_mask);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_image);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_x);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_v);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_molecule);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_num_bond);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_bond_type);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_bond_atom);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_nspecial);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_special);
+
+  atomKK->modified(Device, ALL_MASK & ~F_MASK);
+}
+
 /* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
 
 template<class DeviceType,int PBC_FLAG>
diff --git a/src/KOKKOS/atom_vec_bond_kokkos.h b/src/KOKKOS/atom_vec_bond_kokkos.h
index fc3f02e916..5ed59432de 100644
--- a/src/KOKKOS/atom_vec_bond_kokkos.h
+++ b/src/KOKKOS/atom_vec_bond_kokkos.h
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ class AtomVecBondKokkos : public AtomVecKokkos, public AtomVecBond {
 
   void grow(int) override;
   void grow_pointers() override;
+  void sort_kokkos(Kokkos::BinSort<KeyViewType, BinOp> &Sorter) override;
   int pack_border_kokkos(int n, DAT::tdual_int_2d k_sendlist,
                          DAT::tdual_xfloat_2d buf,int iswap,
                          int pbc_flag, int *pbc, ExecutionSpace space) override;
diff --git a/src/KOKKOS/atom_vec_charge_kokkos.cpp b/src/KOKKOS/atom_vec_charge_kokkos.cpp
index a9975c1bb4..22fc63ff91 100644
--- a/src/KOKKOS/atom_vec_charge_kokkos.cpp
+++ b/src/KOKKOS/atom_vec_charge_kokkos.cpp
@@ -106,6 +106,25 @@ void AtomVecChargeKokkos::grow_pointers()
   h_q = atomKK->k_q.h_view;
 }
 
+/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+   sort atom arrays on device
+------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+void AtomVecChargeKokkos::sort_kokkos(Kokkos::BinSort<KeyViewType, BinOp> &Sorter)
+{
+  atomKK->sync(Device, ALL_MASK & ~F_MASK);
+
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_tag);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_type);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_mask);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_image);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_x);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_v);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_q);
+
+  atomKK->modified(Device, ALL_MASK & ~F_MASK);
+}
+
 /* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
 
 template<class DeviceType,int PBC_FLAG,int TRICLINIC>
diff --git a/src/KOKKOS/atom_vec_charge_kokkos.h b/src/KOKKOS/atom_vec_charge_kokkos.h
index 072b5e6894..397a5ee4c0 100644
--- a/src/KOKKOS/atom_vec_charge_kokkos.h
+++ b/src/KOKKOS/atom_vec_charge_kokkos.h
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ class AtomVecChargeKokkos : public AtomVecKokkos, public AtomVecCharge {
 
   void grow(int) override;
   void grow_pointers() override;
+  void sort_kokkos(Kokkos::BinSort<KeyViewType, BinOp> &Sorter) override;
   int pack_border_kokkos(int n, DAT::tdual_int_2d k_sendlist,
                          DAT::tdual_xfloat_2d buf,int iswap,
                          int pbc_flag, int *pbc, ExecutionSpace space) override;
diff --git a/src/KOKKOS/atom_vec_dipole_kokkos.cpp b/src/KOKKOS/atom_vec_dipole_kokkos.cpp
index b2357ccb41..ad06570cdc 100644
--- a/src/KOKKOS/atom_vec_dipole_kokkos.cpp
+++ b/src/KOKKOS/atom_vec_dipole_kokkos.cpp
@@ -107,6 +107,26 @@ void AtomVecDipoleKokkos::grow_pointers()
   h_mu = atomKK->k_mu.h_view;
 }
 
+/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+   sort atom arrays on device
+------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+void AtomVecDipoleKokkos::sort_kokkos(Kokkos::BinSort<KeyViewType, BinOp> &Sorter)
+{
+  atomKK->sync(Device, ALL_MASK & ~F_MASK);
+
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_tag);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_type);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_mask);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_image);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_x);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_v);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_q);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_mu);
+
+  atomKK->modified(Device, ALL_MASK & ~F_MASK);
+}
+
 /* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
 
 template<class DeviceType,int PBC_FLAG,int TRICLINIC>
diff --git a/src/KOKKOS/atom_vec_dipole_kokkos.h b/src/KOKKOS/atom_vec_dipole_kokkos.h
index f9abfc9a2a..97ec92c6c6 100644
--- a/src/KOKKOS/atom_vec_dipole_kokkos.h
+++ b/src/KOKKOS/atom_vec_dipole_kokkos.h
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ class AtomVecDipoleKokkos : public AtomVecKokkos, public AtomVecDipole {
 
   void grow(int) override;
   void grow_pointers() override;
+  void sort_kokkos(Kokkos::BinSort<KeyViewType, BinOp> &Sorter) override;
   int pack_border_kokkos(int n, DAT::tdual_int_2d k_sendlist,
                          DAT::tdual_xfloat_2d buf,int iswap,
                          int pbc_flag, int *pbc, ExecutionSpace space) override;
diff --git a/src/KOKKOS/atom_vec_dpd_kokkos.cpp b/src/KOKKOS/atom_vec_dpd_kokkos.cpp
index 6fa3277350..eda26a92dc 100644
--- a/src/KOKKOS/atom_vec_dpd_kokkos.cpp
+++ b/src/KOKKOS/atom_vec_dpd_kokkos.cpp
@@ -135,6 +135,30 @@ void AtomVecDPDKokkos::grow_pointers()
   h_duChem = atomKK->k_duChem.h_view;
 }
 
+/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+   sort atom arrays on device
+------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+void AtomVecDPDKokkos::sort_kokkos(Kokkos::BinSort<KeyViewType, BinOp> &Sorter)
+{
+  atomKK->sync(Device, ALL_MASK & ~F_MASK & ~DPDRHO_MASK & ~DUCHEM_MASK & ~DVECTOR_MASK);
+
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_tag);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_type);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_mask);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_image);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_x);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_v);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_dpdTheta);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_uCond);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_uMech);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_uChem);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_uCG);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_uCGnew);
+
+  atomKK->modified(Device, ALL_MASK & ~F_MASK & ~DPDRHO_MASK & ~DUCHEM_MASK & ~DVECTOR_MASK);
+}
+
 /* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
 
 template<class DeviceType,int PBC_FLAG,int TRICLINIC>
diff --git a/src/KOKKOS/atom_vec_dpd_kokkos.h b/src/KOKKOS/atom_vec_dpd_kokkos.h
index c605246eba..a76d7f908a 100644
--- a/src/KOKKOS/atom_vec_dpd_kokkos.h
+++ b/src/KOKKOS/atom_vec_dpd_kokkos.h
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ class AtomVecDPDKokkos : public AtomVecKokkos, public AtomVecDPD {
 
   void grow(int) override;
   void grow_pointers() override;
+  void sort_kokkos(Kokkos::BinSort<KeyViewType, BinOp> &Sorter) override;
   int pack_comm_kokkos(const int &n, const DAT::tdual_int_2d &k_sendlist,
                        const int & iswap,
                        const DAT::tdual_xfloat_2d &buf,
diff --git a/src/KOKKOS/atom_vec_full_kokkos.cpp b/src/KOKKOS/atom_vec_full_kokkos.cpp
index bb61c7fb46..829ebc75e6 100644
--- a/src/KOKKOS/atom_vec_full_kokkos.cpp
+++ b/src/KOKKOS/atom_vec_full_kokkos.cpp
@@ -225,6 +225,48 @@ void AtomVecFullKokkos::grow_pointers()
   h_improper_atom4 = atomKK->k_improper_atom4.h_view;
 }
 
+/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+   sort atom arrays on device
+------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+void AtomVecFullKokkos::sort_kokkos(Kokkos::BinSort<KeyViewType, BinOp> &Sorter)
+{
+  atomKK->sync(Device, ALL_MASK & ~F_MASK);
+
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_tag);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_type);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_mask);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_image);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_x);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_v);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_q);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_molecule);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_num_bond);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_bond_type);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_bond_atom);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_nspecial);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_special);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_num_angle);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_angle_type);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_angle_atom1);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_angle_atom2);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_angle_atom3);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_num_dihedral);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_dihedral_type);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_dihedral_atom1);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_dihedral_atom2);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_dihedral_atom3);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_dihedral_atom4);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_num_improper);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_improper_type);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_improper_atom1);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_improper_atom2);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_improper_atom3);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_improper_atom4);
+
+  atomKK->modified(Device, ALL_MASK & ~F_MASK);
+}
+
 /* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
 
 template<class DeviceType,int PBC_FLAG>
diff --git a/src/KOKKOS/atom_vec_full_kokkos.h b/src/KOKKOS/atom_vec_full_kokkos.h
index e6fcfd7e40..4937ef4152 100644
--- a/src/KOKKOS/atom_vec_full_kokkos.h
+++ b/src/KOKKOS/atom_vec_full_kokkos.h
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ class AtomVecFullKokkos : public AtomVecKokkos, public AtomVecFull {
 
   void grow(int) override;
   void grow_pointers() override;
+  void sort_kokkos(Kokkos::BinSort<KeyViewType, BinOp> &Sorter) override;
   int pack_border_kokkos(int n, DAT::tdual_int_2d k_sendlist,
                          DAT::tdual_xfloat_2d buf,int iswap,
                          int pbc_flag, int *pbc, ExecutionSpace space) override;
diff --git a/src/KOKKOS/atom_vec_hybrid_kokkos.cpp b/src/KOKKOS/atom_vec_hybrid_kokkos.cpp
index 03311d1c32..4e01ab5794 100644
--- a/src/KOKKOS/atom_vec_hybrid_kokkos.cpp
+++ b/src/KOKKOS/atom_vec_hybrid_kokkos.cpp
@@ -51,6 +51,16 @@ void AtomVecHybridKokkos::grow(int n)
   f = atom->f;
 }
 
+/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+   sort atom arrays on device
+------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+void AtomVecHybridKokkos::sort_kokkos(Kokkos::BinSort<KeyViewType, BinOp> &Sorter)
+{
+  for (int k = 0; k < nstyles; k++)
+    (dynamic_cast<AtomVecKokkos*>(styles[k]))->sort_kokkos(Sorter);
+}
+
 /* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
 
 int AtomVecHybridKokkos::pack_comm_kokkos(const int &/*n*/, const DAT::tdual_int_2d &/*k_sendlist*/,
diff --git a/src/KOKKOS/atom_vec_hybrid_kokkos.h b/src/KOKKOS/atom_vec_hybrid_kokkos.h
index 862b43d80b..6f81c93673 100644
--- a/src/KOKKOS/atom_vec_hybrid_kokkos.h
+++ b/src/KOKKOS/atom_vec_hybrid_kokkos.h
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ class AtomVecHybridKokkos : public AtomVecKokkos, public AtomVecHybrid {
   AtomVecHybridKokkos(class LAMMPS *);
 
   void grow(int) override;
+  void sort_kokkos(Kokkos::BinSort<KeyViewType, BinOp> &Sorter) override;
 
   int pack_comm_kokkos(const int &n, const DAT::tdual_int_2d &k_sendlist,
                        const int & iswap,
diff --git a/src/KOKKOS/atom_vec_kokkos.h b/src/KOKKOS/atom_vec_kokkos.h
index dfb4aecfcf..310f1f4d48 100644
--- a/src/KOKKOS/atom_vec_kokkos.h
+++ b/src/KOKKOS/atom_vec_kokkos.h
@@ -20,6 +20,8 @@
 #include "kokkos_type.h"
 #include <type_traits>
 
+#include <Kokkos_Sort.hpp>
+
 namespace LAMMPS_NS {
 
 union d_ubuf {
@@ -38,6 +40,11 @@ class AtomVecKokkos : virtual public AtomVec {
   AtomVecKokkos(class LAMMPS *);
   ~AtomVecKokkos() override;
 
+  using KeyViewType = DAT::t_x_array;
+  using BinOp = BinOp3DLAMMPS<KeyViewType>;
+  virtual void
+    sort_kokkos(Kokkos::BinSort<KeyViewType, BinOp> &Sorter) = 0;
+
   virtual void sync(ExecutionSpace space, unsigned int mask) = 0;
   virtual void modified(ExecutionSpace space, unsigned int mask) = 0;
   virtual void sync_overlapping_device(ExecutionSpace space, unsigned int mask) = 0;
@@ -117,7 +124,6 @@ class AtomVecKokkos : virtual public AtomVec {
                            ExecutionSpace space,
                            DAT::tdual_int_1d &k_indices) = 0;
 
-
   int no_comm_vel_flag,no_border_vel_flag;
   int unpack_exchange_indices_flag;
   int size_exchange;
diff --git a/src/KOKKOS/atom_vec_molecular_kokkos.cpp b/src/KOKKOS/atom_vec_molecular_kokkos.cpp
index 1bb75a1906..471dd0ad58 100644
--- a/src/KOKKOS/atom_vec_molecular_kokkos.cpp
+++ b/src/KOKKOS/atom_vec_molecular_kokkos.cpp
@@ -217,6 +217,47 @@ void AtomVecMolecularKokkos::grow_pointers()
   h_improper_atom4 = atomKK->k_improper_atom4.h_view;
 }
 
+/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+   sort atom arrays on device
+------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+void AtomVecMolecularKokkos::sort_kokkos(Kokkos::BinSort<KeyViewType, BinOp> &Sorter)
+{
+  atomKK->sync(Device, ALL_MASK & ~F_MASK);
+
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_tag);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_type);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_mask);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_image);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_x);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_v);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_molecule);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_num_bond);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_bond_type);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_bond_atom);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_nspecial);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_special);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_num_angle);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_angle_type);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_angle_atom1);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_angle_atom2);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_angle_atom3);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_num_dihedral);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_dihedral_type);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_dihedral_atom1);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_dihedral_atom2);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_dihedral_atom3);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_dihedral_atom4);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_num_improper);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_improper_type);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_improper_atom1);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_improper_atom2);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_improper_atom3);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_improper_atom4);
+
+  atomKK->modified(Device, ALL_MASK & ~F_MASK);
+}
+
 /* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
 
 template<class DeviceType,int PBC_FLAG,int TRICLINIC>
diff --git a/src/KOKKOS/atom_vec_molecular_kokkos.h b/src/KOKKOS/atom_vec_molecular_kokkos.h
index af8a2258e1..eb976e9073 100644
--- a/src/KOKKOS/atom_vec_molecular_kokkos.h
+++ b/src/KOKKOS/atom_vec_molecular_kokkos.h
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ class AtomVecMolecularKokkos : public AtomVecKokkos, public AtomVecMolecular {
 
   void grow(int) override;
   void grow_pointers() override;
+  void sort_kokkos(Kokkos::BinSort<KeyViewType, BinOp> &Sorter) override;
   int pack_comm_kokkos(const int &n, const DAT::tdual_int_2d &k_sendlist,
                        const int & iswap,
                        const DAT::tdual_xfloat_2d &buf,
diff --git a/src/KOKKOS/atom_vec_sphere_kokkos.cpp b/src/KOKKOS/atom_vec_sphere_kokkos.cpp
index 40af56489b..a9b64fc835 100644
--- a/src/KOKKOS/atom_vec_sphere_kokkos.cpp
+++ b/src/KOKKOS/atom_vec_sphere_kokkos.cpp
@@ -123,6 +123,27 @@ void AtomVecSphereKokkos::grow_pointers()
   h_torque = atomKK->k_torque.h_view;
 }
 
+/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+   sort atom arrays on device
+------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+void AtomVecSphereKokkos::sort_kokkos(Kokkos::BinSort<KeyViewType, BinOp> &Sorter)
+{
+  atomKK->sync(Device, ALL_MASK & ~F_MASK & ~TORQUE_MASK);
+
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_tag);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_type);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_mask);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_image);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_x);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_v);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_radius);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_rmass);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_omega);
+
+  atomKK->modified(Device, ALL_MASK & ~F_MASK & ~TORQUE_MASK);
+}
+
 /* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
 
 template<class DeviceType,int PBC_FLAG,int TRICLINIC>
diff --git a/src/KOKKOS/atom_vec_sphere_kokkos.h b/src/KOKKOS/atom_vec_sphere_kokkos.h
index 32357fb600..34529320d9 100644
--- a/src/KOKKOS/atom_vec_sphere_kokkos.h
+++ b/src/KOKKOS/atom_vec_sphere_kokkos.h
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ class AtomVecSphereKokkos : public AtomVecKokkos, public AtomVecSphere {
 
   void grow(int) override;
   void grow_pointers() override;
+  void sort_kokkos(Kokkos::BinSort<KeyViewType, BinOp> &Sorter) override;
 
   int pack_comm_kokkos(const int &n, const DAT::tdual_int_2d &k_sendlist,
                        const int & iswap,
diff --git a/src/KOKKOS/atom_vec_spin_kokkos.cpp b/src/KOKKOS/atom_vec_spin_kokkos.cpp
index 662072ead9..f5b8697352 100644
--- a/src/KOKKOS/atom_vec_spin_kokkos.cpp
+++ b/src/KOKKOS/atom_vec_spin_kokkos.cpp
@@ -129,6 +129,25 @@ void AtomVecSpinKokkos::grow_pointers()
   h_fm_long = atomKK->k_fm_long.h_view;
 }
 
+/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+   sort atom arrays on device
+------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+void AtomVecSpinKokkos::sort_kokkos(Kokkos::BinSort<KeyViewType, BinOp> &Sorter)
+{
+  atomKK->sync(Device, TAG_MASK|TYPE_MASK|MASK_MASK|IMAGE_MASK|X_MASK|V_MASK|SP_MASK);
+
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_tag);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_type);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_mask);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_image);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_x);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_v);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), d_sp);
+
+  atomKK->modified(Device, TAG_MASK|TYPE_MASK|MASK_MASK|IMAGE_MASK|X_MASK|V_MASK|SP_MASK);
+}
+
 /* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
 
 template<class DeviceType,int PBC_FLAG,int TRICLINIC>
diff --git a/src/KOKKOS/atom_vec_spin_kokkos.h b/src/KOKKOS/atom_vec_spin_kokkos.h
index 6a48d195a2..d14d01fb62 100644
--- a/src/KOKKOS/atom_vec_spin_kokkos.h
+++ b/src/KOKKOS/atom_vec_spin_kokkos.h
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ class AtomVecSpinKokkos : public AtomVecKokkos, public AtomVecSpin {
   AtomVecSpinKokkos(class LAMMPS *);
   void grow(int) override;
   void grow_pointers() override;
-  // input lists to be checked
+  void sort_kokkos(Kokkos::BinSort<KeyViewType, BinOp> &Sorter) override;
   int pack_border_kokkos(int n, DAT::tdual_int_2d k_sendlist,
                          DAT::tdual_xfloat_2d buf,int iswap,
                          int pbc_flag, int *pbc, ExecutionSpace space) override;
diff --git a/src/KOKKOS/fix_acks2_reaxff_kokkos.cpp b/src/KOKKOS/fix_acks2_reaxff_kokkos.cpp
index 3a2447461e..1280a4d9a7 100644
--- a/src/KOKKOS/fix_acks2_reaxff_kokkos.cpp
+++ b/src/KOKKOS/fix_acks2_reaxff_kokkos.cpp
@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@ FixACKS2ReaxFFKokkos(LAMMPS *lmp, int narg, char **arg) :
   FixACKS2ReaxFF(lmp, narg, arg)
 {
   kokkosable = 1;
+  sort_device = 1;
   atomKK = (AtomKokkos *) atom;
   execution_space = ExecutionSpaceFromDevice<DeviceType>::space;
 
@@ -1912,6 +1913,25 @@ void FixACKS2ReaxFFKokkos<DeviceType>::copy_arrays(int i, int j, int delflag)
   k_s_hist_X.template modify<LMPHostType>();
 }
 
+/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+   sort local atom-based arrays
+------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+template<class DeviceType>
+void FixACKS2ReaxFFKokkos<DeviceType>::sort_kokkos(Kokkos::BinSort<KeyViewType, BinOp> &Sorter)
+{
+  // always sort on the device
+
+  k_s_hist.sync_device();
+  k_s_hist_X.sync_device();
+
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), k_s_hist.d_view);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), k_s_hist_X.d_view);
+
+  k_s_hist.modify_device();
+  k_s_hist_X.modify_device();
+}
+
 /* ----------------------------------------------------------------------
    pack values in local atom-based array for exchange with another proc
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
diff --git a/src/KOKKOS/fix_acks2_reaxff_kokkos.h b/src/KOKKOS/fix_acks2_reaxff_kokkos.h
index de49e8e72f..3e89cb4d43 100644
--- a/src/KOKKOS/fix_acks2_reaxff_kokkos.h
+++ b/src/KOKKOS/fix_acks2_reaxff_kokkos.h
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ FixStyle(acks2/reax/kk/host,FixACKS2ReaxFFKokkos<LMPHostType>);
 
 #include "fix_acks2_reaxff.h"
 #include "kokkos_type.h"
+#include "kokkos_base.h"
 #include "neigh_list.h"
 #include "neigh_list_kokkos.h"
 
@@ -57,7 +58,7 @@ struct TagACKS2ZeroQGhosts{};
 struct TagACKS2CalculateQ{};
 
 template<class DeviceType>
-class FixACKS2ReaxFFKokkos : public FixACKS2ReaxFF {
+class FixACKS2ReaxFFKokkos : public FixACKS2ReaxFF, public KokkosBase {
  public:
   typedef DeviceType device_type;
   typedef double value_type;
@@ -252,6 +253,7 @@ class FixACKS2ReaxFFKokkos : public FixACKS2ReaxFF {
 
   void grow_arrays(int);
   void copy_arrays(int, int, int);
+  void sort_kokkos(Kokkos::BinSort<KeyViewType, BinOp> &Sorter) override;
   int pack_exchange(int, double *);
   int unpack_exchange(int, double *);
   void get_chi_field();
diff --git a/src/KOKKOS/fix_langevin_kokkos.cpp b/src/KOKKOS/fix_langevin_kokkos.cpp
index 14eb0f1ab7..4d7a3e8820 100644
--- a/src/KOKKOS/fix_langevin_kokkos.cpp
+++ b/src/KOKKOS/fix_langevin_kokkos.cpp
@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ FixLangevinKokkos<DeviceType>::FixLangevinKokkos(LAMMPS *lmp, int narg, char **a
 {
   kokkosable = 1;
   fuse_integrate_flag = 1;
+  sort_device = 1;
   atomKK = (AtomKokkos *) atom;
   int ntypes = atomKK->ntypes;
 
@@ -898,6 +899,25 @@ void FixLangevinKokkos<DeviceType>::copy_arrays(int i, int j, int /*delflag*/)
 
 }
 
+/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+   sort local atom-based arrays
+------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+template<class DeviceType>
+void FixLangevinKokkos<DeviceType>::sort_kokkos(Kokkos::BinSort<KeyViewType, BinOp> &Sorter)
+{
+  // always sort on the device
+
+  k_franprev.sync_device();
+  k_lv.sync_device();
+
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), k_franprev.d_view);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), k_lv.d_view);
+
+  k_franprev.modify_device();
+  k_lv.modify_device();
+}
+
 /* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
 
 template<class DeviceType>
diff --git a/src/KOKKOS/fix_langevin_kokkos.h b/src/KOKKOS/fix_langevin_kokkos.h
index 0bd628270e..4fc22a1df1 100644
--- a/src/KOKKOS/fix_langevin_kokkos.h
+++ b/src/KOKKOS/fix_langevin_kokkos.h
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ FixStyle(langevin/kk/host,FixLangevinKokkos<LMPHostType>);
 
 #include "fix_langevin.h"
 #include "kokkos_type.h"
+#include "kokkos_base.h"
 #include "Kokkos_Random.hpp"
 #include "comm_kokkos.h"
 
@@ -61,7 +62,7 @@ namespace LAMMPS_NS {
   template<class DeviceType> struct FixLangevinKokkosTallyEnergyFunctor;
 
   template<class DeviceType>
-  class FixLangevinKokkos : public FixLangevin {
+  class FixLangevinKokkos : public FixLangevin, public KokkosBase {
    public:
     FixLangevinKokkos(class LAMMPS *, int, char **);
     ~FixLangevinKokkos() override;
@@ -74,6 +75,7 @@ namespace LAMMPS_NS {
     void reset_dt() override;
     void grow_arrays(int) override;
     void copy_arrays(int i, int j, int delflag) override;
+    void sort_kokkos(Kokkos::BinSort<KeyViewType, BinOp> &Sorter) override;
     double compute_scalar() override;
     void end_of_step() override;
 
diff --git a/src/KOKKOS/fix_minimize_kokkos.cpp b/src/KOKKOS/fix_minimize_kokkos.cpp
index 07c78e86a3..90ef0f4525 100644
--- a/src/KOKKOS/fix_minimize_kokkos.cpp
+++ b/src/KOKKOS/fix_minimize_kokkos.cpp
@@ -27,6 +27,8 @@ using namespace FixConst;
 FixMinimizeKokkos::FixMinimizeKokkos(LAMMPS *lmp, int narg, char **arg) :
   FixMinimize(lmp, narg, arg)
 {
+  kokkosable = 1;
+  sort_device = 1;
   atomKK = (AtomKokkos *) atom;
 }
 
@@ -217,6 +219,21 @@ void FixMinimizeKokkos::copy_arrays(int i, int j, int /*delflag*/)
   k_vectors.modify<LMPHostType>();
 }
 
+/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+   sort local atom-based arrays
+------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+void FixMinimizeKokkos::sort_kokkos(Kokkos::BinSort<KeyViewType, BinOp> &Sorter)
+{
+  // always sort on the device
+
+  k_vectors.sync_device();
+
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), k_vectors.d_view);
+
+  k_vectors.modify_device();
+}
+
 /* ----------------------------------------------------------------------
    pack values in local atom-based arrays for exchange with another proc
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
diff --git a/src/KOKKOS/fix_minimize_kokkos.h b/src/KOKKOS/fix_minimize_kokkos.h
index e84cbd1ec2..121711b4e4 100644
--- a/src/KOKKOS/fix_minimize_kokkos.h
+++ b/src/KOKKOS/fix_minimize_kokkos.h
@@ -25,10 +25,11 @@ FixStyle(MINIMIZE/kk/host,FixMinimizeKokkos);
 
 #include "fix_minimize.h"
 #include "kokkos_type.h"
+#include "kokkos_base.h"
 
 namespace LAMMPS_NS {
 
-class FixMinimizeKokkos : public FixMinimize {
+class FixMinimizeKokkos : public FixMinimize, public KokkosBase {
   friend class MinLineSearchKokkos;
 
  public:
@@ -38,6 +39,7 @@ class FixMinimizeKokkos : public FixMinimize {
 
   void grow_arrays(int) override;
   void copy_arrays(int, int, int) override;
+  void sort_kokkos(Kokkos::BinSort<KeyViewType, BinOp> &Sorter) override;
   int pack_exchange(int, double *) override;
   int unpack_exchange(int, double *) override;
 
diff --git a/src/KOKKOS/fix_neigh_history_kokkos.cpp b/src/KOKKOS/fix_neigh_history_kokkos.cpp
index 198ab555f3..b4a852ba70 100644
--- a/src/KOKKOS/fix_neigh_history_kokkos.cpp
+++ b/src/KOKKOS/fix_neigh_history_kokkos.cpp
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ FixNeighHistoryKokkos<DeviceType>::FixNeighHistoryKokkos(LAMMPS *lmp, int narg,
   FixNeighHistory(lmp, narg, arg)
 {
   kokkosable = 1;
-  exchange_comm_device = 1;
+  exchange_comm_device = sort_device = 1;
   atomKK = (AtomKokkos *)atom;
   execution_space = ExecutionSpaceFromDevice<DeviceType>::space;
 
@@ -325,6 +325,28 @@ void FixNeighHistoryKokkos<DeviceType>::copy_arrays(int i, int j, int /*delflag*
   k_valuepartner.modify_host();
 }
 
+/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+   sort local atom-based arrays
+------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+template<class DeviceType>
+void FixNeighHistoryKokkos<DeviceType>::sort_kokkos(Kokkos::BinSort<KeyViewType, BinOp> &Sorter)
+{
+  // always sort on the device
+
+  k_npartner.sync_device();
+  k_partner.sync_device();
+  k_valuepartner.sync_device();
+
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), k_npartner.d_view);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), k_partner.d_view);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), k_valuepartner.d_view);
+
+  k_npartner.modify_device();
+  k_partner.modify_device();
+  k_valuepartner.modify_device();
+}
+
 /* ----------------------------------------------------------------------
    pack values in local atom-based array for exchange with another proc
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
diff --git a/src/KOKKOS/fix_neigh_history_kokkos.h b/src/KOKKOS/fix_neigh_history_kokkos.h
index 6f29c817b8..9c07a953c4 100644
--- a/src/KOKKOS/fix_neigh_history_kokkos.h
+++ b/src/KOKKOS/fix_neigh_history_kokkos.h
@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@ class FixNeighHistoryKokkos : public FixNeighHistory, public KokkosBase {
   void post_neighbor() override;
   void grow_arrays(int) override;
   void copy_arrays(int, int, int) override;
+  void sort_kokkos(Kokkos::BinSort<KeyViewType, BinOp> &Sorter) override;
   int pack_exchange(int, double *) override;
   int unpack_exchange(int, double *) override;
   double memory_usage() override;
diff --git a/src/KOKKOS/fix_qeq_reaxff_kokkos.cpp b/src/KOKKOS/fix_qeq_reaxff_kokkos.cpp
index db0f7456dd..518677c643 100644
--- a/src/KOKKOS/fix_qeq_reaxff_kokkos.cpp
+++ b/src/KOKKOS/fix_qeq_reaxff_kokkos.cpp
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ FixQEqReaxFFKokkos(LAMMPS *lmp, int narg, char **arg) :
 {
   kokkosable = 1;
   comm_forward = comm_reverse = 2; // fused
-  forward_comm_device = exchange_comm_device = 1;
+  forward_comm_device = exchange_comm_device = sort_device = 1;
   atomKK = (AtomKokkos *) atom;
   execution_space = ExecutionSpaceFromDevice<DeviceType>::space;
 
@@ -1338,6 +1338,25 @@ void FixQEqReaxFFKokkos<DeviceType>::copy_arrays(int i, int j, int /*delflag*/)
   k_t_hist.template modify<LMPHostType>();
 }
 
+/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+   sort local atom-based arrays
+------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+template<class DeviceType>
+void FixQEqReaxFFKokkos<DeviceType>::sort_kokkos(Kokkos::BinSort<KeyViewType, BinOp> &Sorter)
+{
+  // always sort on the device
+
+  k_s_hist.sync_device();
+  k_t_hist.sync_device();
+
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), k_s_hist.d_view);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), k_t_hist.d_view);
+
+  k_s_hist.modify_device();
+  k_t_hist.modify_device();
+}
+
 /* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
 
 template<class DeviceType>
diff --git a/src/KOKKOS/fix_qeq_reaxff_kokkos.h b/src/KOKKOS/fix_qeq_reaxff_kokkos.h
index 29faefe56b..9bc38b0492 100644
--- a/src/KOKKOS/fix_qeq_reaxff_kokkos.h
+++ b/src/KOKKOS/fix_qeq_reaxff_kokkos.h
@@ -280,6 +280,7 @@ class FixQEqReaxFFKokkos : public FixQEqReaxFF, public KokkosBase {
 
   void grow_arrays(int) override;
   void copy_arrays(int, int, int) override;
+  void sort_kokkos(Kokkos::BinSort<KeyViewType, BinOp> &Sorter) override;
   int pack_exchange(int, double *) override;
   int unpack_exchange(int, double *) override;
   void get_chi_field() override;
diff --git a/src/KOKKOS/fix_shake_kokkos.cpp b/src/KOKKOS/fix_shake_kokkos.cpp
index b00195e5fd..1ea3ed1c5a 100644
--- a/src/KOKKOS/fix_shake_kokkos.cpp
+++ b/src/KOKKOS/fix_shake_kokkos.cpp
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ FixShakeKokkos<DeviceType>::FixShakeKokkos(LAMMPS *lmp, int narg, char **arg) :
   FixShake(lmp, narg, arg)
 {
   kokkosable = 1;
-  forward_comm_device = exchange_comm_device = 1;
+  forward_comm_device = exchange_comm_device = sort_device = 1;
   maxexchange = 9;
   atomKK = (AtomKokkos *)atom;
   execution_space = ExecutionSpaceFromDevice<DeviceType>::space;
@@ -1484,6 +1484,28 @@ void FixShakeKokkos<DeviceType>::copy_arrays(int i, int j, int delflag)
   k_shake_type.modify_host();
 }
 
+/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+   sort local atom-based arrays
+------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+template<class DeviceType>
+void FixShakeKokkos<DeviceType>::sort_kokkos(Kokkos::BinSort<KeyViewType, BinOp> &Sorter)
+{
+  // always sort on the device
+
+  k_shake_flag.sync_device();
+  k_shake_atom.sync_device();
+  k_shake_type.sync_device();
+
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), k_shake_flag.d_view);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), k_shake_atom.d_view);
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), k_shake_type.d_view);
+
+  k_shake_flag.modify_device();
+  k_shake_atom.modify_device();
+  k_shake_type.modify_device();
+}
+
 /* ----------------------------------------------------------------------
    initialize one atom's array values, called when atom is created
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
diff --git a/src/KOKKOS/fix_shake_kokkos.h b/src/KOKKOS/fix_shake_kokkos.h
index 650ad52287..185e69ce86 100644
--- a/src/KOKKOS/fix_shake_kokkos.h
+++ b/src/KOKKOS/fix_shake_kokkos.h
@@ -61,6 +61,7 @@ class FixShakeKokkos : public FixShake, public KokkosBase {
 
   void grow_arrays(int) override;
   void copy_arrays(int, int, int) override;
+  void sort_kokkos(Kokkos::BinSort<KeyViewType, BinOp> &Sorter) override;
   void set_arrays(int) override;
   void update_arrays(int, int) override;
   void set_molecule(int, tagint, int, double *, double *, double *) override;
diff --git a/src/KOKKOS/fix_wall_gran_kokkos.cpp b/src/KOKKOS/fix_wall_gran_kokkos.cpp
index 1569065bbe..f870b0f240 100644
--- a/src/KOKKOS/fix_wall_gran_kokkos.cpp
+++ b/src/KOKKOS/fix_wall_gran_kokkos.cpp
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ FixWallGranKokkos<DeviceType>::FixWallGranKokkos(LAMMPS *lmp, int narg, char **a
   FixWallGranOld(lmp, narg, arg)
 {
   kokkosable = 1;
-  exchange_comm_device = 1;
+  exchange_comm_device = sort_device = 1;
   maxexchange = size_history;
   atomKK = (AtomKokkos *)atom;
   execution_space = ExecutionSpaceFromDevice<DeviceType>::space;
@@ -313,6 +313,22 @@ void FixWallGranKokkos<DeviceType>::copy_arrays(int i, int j, int delflag)
   }
 }
 
+/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+   sort local atom-based arrays
+------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+template<class DeviceType>
+void FixWallGranKokkos<DeviceType>::sort_kokkos(Kokkos::BinSort<KeyViewType, BinOp> &Sorter)
+{
+  // always sort on the device
+
+  k_history_one.sync_device();
+
+  Sorter.sort(LMPDeviceType(), k_history_one.d_view);
+
+  k_history_one.modify_device();
+}
+
 /* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
 
 template<class DeviceType>
diff --git a/src/KOKKOS/fix_wall_gran_kokkos.h b/src/KOKKOS/fix_wall_gran_kokkos.h
index 4d80528fb8..c7d566ec72 100644
--- a/src/KOKKOS/fix_wall_gran_kokkos.h
+++ b/src/KOKKOS/fix_wall_gran_kokkos.h
@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@ class FixWallGranKokkos : public FixWallGranOld, public KokkosBase {
   void post_force(int) override;
   void grow_arrays(int) override;
   void copy_arrays(int, int, int) override;
+  void sort_kokkos(Kokkos::BinSort<KeyViewType, BinOp> &Sorter) override;
   int pack_exchange(int, double *) override;
   int unpack_exchange(int, double *) override;
 
diff --git a/src/KOKKOS/kokkos.cpp b/src/KOKKOS/kokkos.cpp
index 8b45c786e5..91ea6d37ac 100644
--- a/src/KOKKOS/kokkos.cpp
+++ b/src/KOKKOS/kokkos.cpp
@@ -93,6 +93,7 @@ KokkosLMP::KokkosLMP(LAMMPS *lmp, int narg, char **arg) : Pointers(lmp)
   reverse_pair_comm_changed = 0;
   forward_fix_comm_changed = 0;
   reverse_comm_changed = 0;
+  sort_changed = 0;
 
   delete memory;
   memory = new MemoryKokkos(lmp);
@@ -250,6 +251,7 @@ KokkosLMP::KokkosLMP(LAMMPS *lmp, int narg, char **arg) : Pointers(lmp)
 
     exchange_comm_classic = forward_comm_classic = reverse_comm_classic = 0;
     forward_pair_comm_classic = reverse_pair_comm_classic = forward_fix_comm_classic = 0;
+    sort_classic = 0;
 
     exchange_comm_on_host = forward_comm_on_host = reverse_comm_on_host = 0;
   } else {
@@ -264,6 +266,7 @@ KokkosLMP::KokkosLMP(LAMMPS *lmp, int narg, char **arg) : Pointers(lmp)
 
     exchange_comm_classic = forward_comm_classic = reverse_comm_classic = 1;
     forward_pair_comm_classic = reverse_pair_comm_classic = forward_fix_comm_classic = 1;
+    sort_classic = 1;
 
     exchange_comm_on_host = forward_comm_on_host = reverse_comm_on_host = 0;
   }
@@ -478,6 +481,14 @@ void KokkosLMP::accelerator(int narg, char **arg)
       } else error->all(FLERR,"Illegal package kokkos command");
       reverse_comm_changed = 0;
       iarg += 2;
+    } else if (strcmp(arg[iarg],"sort") == 0) {
+      if (iarg+2 > narg) error->all(FLERR,"Illegal package kokkos command");
+      else if (strcmp(arg[iarg+1],"no") == 0) sort_classic = 1;
+      else if (strcmp(arg[iarg+1],"host") == 0) sort_classic = 1;
+      else if (strcmp(arg[iarg+1],"device") == 0) sort_classic = 0;
+      else error->all(FLERR,"Illegal package kokkos command");
+      sort_changed = 0;
+      iarg += 2;
     } else if ((strcmp(arg[iarg],"gpu/aware") == 0)
                || (strcmp(arg[iarg],"cuda/aware") == 0)) {
       if (iarg+2 > narg) error->all(FLERR,"Illegal package kokkos command");
@@ -533,6 +544,13 @@ void KokkosLMP::accelerator(int narg, char **arg)
     }
   }
 
+  if (lmp->pair_only_flag) {
+    if (sort_classic == 0) {
+      sort_classic = 1;
+      sort_changed = 1;
+    }
+  }
+
   // if "gpu/aware on" and "pair/only off", and comm flags were changed previously, change them back
 
   if (gpu_aware_flag && !lmp->pair_only_flag) {
@@ -562,6 +580,13 @@ void KokkosLMP::accelerator(int narg, char **arg)
     }
   }
 
+  if (lmp->pair_only_flag) {
+    if (sort_changed) {
+      sort_classic = 0;
+      sort_changed = 0;
+    }
+  }
+
 #endif
 
   // set newton flags
diff --git a/src/KOKKOS/kokkos.h b/src/KOKKOS/kokkos.h
index 08b6730e50..adfc1fc646 100644
--- a/src/KOKKOS/kokkos.h
+++ b/src/KOKKOS/kokkos.h
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ class KokkosLMP : protected Pointers {
   int reverse_pair_comm_classic;
   int forward_fix_comm_classic;
   int reverse_comm_classic;
+  int sort_classic;
   int exchange_comm_on_host;
   int forward_comm_on_host;
   int reverse_comm_on_host;
@@ -42,6 +43,7 @@ class KokkosLMP : protected Pointers {
   int reverse_pair_comm_changed;
   int forward_fix_comm_changed;
   int reverse_comm_changed;
+  int sort_changed;
   int nthreads,ngpus;
   int auto_sync;
   int gpu_aware_flag;
diff --git a/src/KOKKOS/kokkos_base.h b/src/KOKKOS/kokkos_base.h
index 463b271269..7d9ecb5d80 100644
--- a/src/KOKKOS/kokkos_base.h
+++ b/src/KOKKOS/kokkos_base.h
@@ -17,6 +17,8 @@
 
 #include "kokkos_type.h"
 
+#include <Kokkos_Sort.hpp>
+
 namespace LAMMPS_NS {
 
 class KokkosBase {
@@ -51,6 +53,11 @@ class KokkosBase {
   virtual void unpack_exchange_kokkos(DAT::tdual_xfloat_2d & /*k_buf*/,
                                       DAT::tdual_int_1d & /*indices*/, int /*nrecv*/,
                                       ExecutionSpace /*space*/) {}
+
+  using KeyViewType = DAT::t_x_array;
+  using BinOp = BinOp3DLAMMPS<KeyViewType>;
+  virtual void
+    sort_kokkos(Kokkos::BinSort<KeyViewType, BinOp> & /*Sorter*/) {}
 };
 
 }
diff --git a/src/KOKKOS/kokkos_type.h b/src/KOKKOS/kokkos_type.h
index 69ebc91fec..555c7fa9ae 100644
--- a/src/KOKKOS/kokkos_type.h
+++ b/src/KOKKOS/kokkos_type.h
@@ -473,6 +473,64 @@ struct alignas(2*sizeof(F_FLOAT)) s_FLOAT2 {
 };
 typedef struct s_FLOAT2 F_FLOAT2;
 
+template <class KeyViewType>
+struct BinOp3DLAMMPS {
+  int max_bins_[3] = {};
+  double mul_[3]   = {};
+  double min_[3]   = {};
+
+  BinOp3DLAMMPS() = default;
+
+  BinOp3DLAMMPS(int max_bins__[], typename KeyViewType::const_value_type min[],
+          typename KeyViewType::const_value_type max[]) {
+    max_bins_[0] = max_bins__[0];
+    max_bins_[1] = max_bins__[1];
+    max_bins_[2] = max_bins__[2];
+    mul_[0]      = static_cast<double>(max_bins__[0]) /
+              (static_cast<double>(max[0]) - static_cast<double>(min[0]));
+    mul_[1] = static_cast<double>(max_bins__[1]) /
+              (static_cast<double>(max[1]) - static_cast<double>(min[1]));
+    mul_[2] = static_cast<double>(max_bins__[2]) /
+              (static_cast<double>(max[2]) - static_cast<double>(min[2]));
+    min_[0] = static_cast<double>(min[0]);
+    min_[1] = static_cast<double>(min[1]);
+    min_[2] = static_cast<double>(min[2]);
+  }
+
+  template <class ViewType>
+  KOKKOS_INLINE_FUNCTION int bin(ViewType& keys, const int& i) const {
+    int ix = static_cast<int> ((keys(i, 0) - min_[0]) * mul_[0]);
+    int iy = static_cast<int> ((keys(i, 1) - min_[1]) * mul_[1]);
+    int iz = static_cast<int> ((keys(i, 2) - min_[2]) * mul_[2]);
+    ix = MAX(ix,0);
+    iy = MAX(iy,0);
+    iz = MAX(iz,0);
+    ix = MIN(ix,max_bins_[0]-1);
+    iy = MIN(iy,max_bins_[1]-1);
+    iz = MIN(iz,max_bins_[2]-1);
+    const int ibin = iz*max_bins_[1]*max_bins_[0] + iy*max_bins_[0] + ix;
+    return ibin;
+  }
+
+  KOKKOS_INLINE_FUNCTION
+  int max_bins() const { return max_bins_[0] * max_bins_[1] * max_bins_[2]; }
+
+  template <class ViewType, typename iType1, typename iType2>
+  KOKKOS_INLINE_FUNCTION bool operator()(ViewType& keys, iType1& i1,
+                                         iType2& i2) const {
+    if (keys(i1, 2) > keys(i2, 2))
+      return true;
+    else if (keys(i1, 2) == keys(i2, 2)) {
+      if (keys(i1, 1) > keys(i2, 1))
+        return true;
+      else if (keys(i1, 1) == keys(i2, 1)) {
+        if (keys(i1, 0) > keys(i2, 0)) return true;
+      }
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+};
+
 #ifndef PREC_POS
 #define PREC_POS PRECISION
 #endif
diff --git a/src/atom.h b/src/atom.h
index d2e8030108..810a2829ed 100644
--- a/src/atom.h
+++ b/src/atom.h
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ class Atom : protected Pointers {
   void create_avec(const std::string &, int, char **, int);
   virtual AtomVec *new_avec(const std::string &, int, int &);
 
-  void init();
+  virtual void init();
   void setup();
 
   std::string get_style();
diff --git a/src/fix.cpp b/src/fix.cpp
index 02adcbd016..25469387ae 100644
--- a/src/fix.cpp
+++ b/src/fix.cpp
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ Fix::Fix(LAMMPS *lmp, int /*narg*/, char **arg) :
   datamask_modify = ALL_MASK;
 
   kokkosable = copymode = 0;
-  forward_comm_device = exchange_comm_device = 0;
+  forward_comm_device = exchange_comm_device = sort_device = 0;
   fuse_integrate_flag = 0;
 }
 
diff --git a/src/fix.h b/src/fix.h
index 9676651afb..30373ab6f2 100644
--- a/src/fix.h
+++ b/src/fix.h
@@ -133,6 +133,7 @@ class Fix : protected Pointers {
   int forward_comm_device;    // 1 if forward comm on Device
   int exchange_comm_device;   // 1 if exchange comm on Device
   int fuse_integrate_flag;    // 1 if can fuse initial integrate with final integrate
+  int sort_device;            // 1 if sort on Device
   ExecutionSpace execution_space;
   unsigned int datamask_read, datamask_modify;