Both extract methods now can auto-detect the datatype of both global
and per-atom properties. Callers can still enforce different types
if needed by specifying the now optional dtype argument.
The numpy wrapper now has a new extract_atom function method, which
replace the extract_atom_darray and extract_atom_iarray method and
autodetects both type and size. All parameters can still be forced
to use different values if needed.
Fixes segfaults caused by API change. The API change in
lammps_open and lammps_open_no_mpi makes them return the LAMMPS pointer
via their return value. However due to how ctypes operates, even
if restype is specified to be c_void_p, the function returns an integer.
Without the proper type of the pointer, calling functions without arglists would default
to using 32bit integers to pass an argument, which cuts away parts of the 64bit pointer.
Subsequently, resolving the truncated pointer in the library causes segfaults.
This commit fixes the root cause. But it also highlights the need of specifying
the arglists of all library functions.
