"LAMMPS WWW Site"_lws - "LAMMPS Documentation"_ld - "LAMMPS Commands"_lc :c :link(lws,http://lammps.sandia.gov) :link(ld,Manual.html) :link(lc,Section_commands.html#comm) :line fix ave/spatial command :h3 [Syntax:] fix ID group-ID ave/spatial Nevery Nrepeat Nfreq dim origin delta value1 value2 ... keyword args ... :pre ID, group-ID are documented in "fix"_fix.html command :ulb,l ave/spatial = style name of this fix command :l Nevery = calculate property every this many timesteps :l Nrepeat = # of times to repeat the Nevery calculation before averaging :l Nfreq = timestep frequency at which the average value is computed :l dim = {x} or {y} or {z} :l origin = {lower} or {center} or {upper} or coordinate value (distance units) :l delta = thickness of spatial layers in dim (distance units) :l one or more values can be listed :l value = x, y, z, vx, vy, vz, fx, fy, fz, density/mass, density/number, c_ID, c_ID\[N\], f_ID, f_ID\[N\], v_name :l x,y,z,vx,vy,vz,fx,fy,fz = atom attribute (velocity, force component) density/number, density/mass = number or mass density c_ID = per-atom scalar value calculated by a compute with ID c_ID\[N\] = Nth component of per-atom vector calculated by a compute with ID f_ID = per-atom scalar value calculated by a fix with ID f_ID\[N\] = Nth component of per-atom vector calculated by a fix with ID v_name = per-atom value calculated by an atom-style variable with name :pre zero or more keyword/arg pairs may be appended :l keyword = {norm} or {units} or {file} or {ave} :l {units} arg = {box} or {lattice} or {reduced} {norm} arg = {all} or {sample} {file} arg = filename filename = file to write results to {ave} args = {one} or {running} or {window M} one = output new average value every Nfreq steps running = output cummulative average of all previous Nfreq steps window M = output average of M most recent Nfreq steps :pre :ule [Examples:] fix 1 all ave/spatial 10000 1 10000 z lower 0.02 myCentro units reduced fix 1 flow ave/spatial 100 10 1000 y 0.0 1.0 vx vz norm sample file vel.profile fix 1 flow ave/spatial 100 5 1000 y 0.0 2.5 density/mass ave running :pre [Description:] Calculate one or more instantaneous per-atom quantities every few timesteps, average them by layer in a chosen dimension, and average the layer values over a longer timescale. The resulting averages can be used by other "output commands"_Section_howto.html#4_15 such as "thermo_style custom"_thermo_style.html, and can also be written to a file. Each listed value is averaged independently. The group specified with the command means only atoms within the group contribute to the layer averages. Each listed value can be an atom attribute (position, velocity, force component), a mass or number density, or the result of a "compute"_compute.html or "fix"_fix.html or the evaluation of an atom-style "variable"_variable.html. In the latter cases, the compute, fix, or variable must produce a per-atom quantity, not a global quantity. If you wish to time-average global quantities from a compute, fix, or variable, then see the "fix ave/time"_fix_ave_time.html command. "Computes"_compute.html that produce per-atom quantities are those which have the word {atom} in their style name. See the doc pages for individual "fixes"_fix.html to determine which ones produce per-atom quantities. "Variables"_variable.html of style {atom} are the only ones that can be used with this fix since all other styles of variable produce global quantities. :line The {Nevery}, {Nrepeat}, and {Nfreq} arguments specify on what timesteps the layer values will be generated in order to contribute to the average. The final averaged quantities are generated every {Nfreq} timesteps. The average is over {Nrepeat} quantities, computed in the preceeding portion of the simulation every {Nevery} timesteps. {Nfreq} must be a multiple of {Nevery} and {Nevery} must be non-zero even if {Nrepeat} is 1. For example, if Nevery=2, Nrepeat=6, and Nfreq=100, then values on timesteps 90,92,94,96,98,100 will be used to compute the final average on timestep 100. Similary for timesteps 190,192,194,196,198,200 on timestep 200, etc. If Nrepeat=1 and Nfreq = 100, then no time averaging is done; values are simply generated on timesteps 100,200,etc. :line Each per-atom property is also averaged over atoms in each layer, where the layers are in a particular {dim} and have a thickness given by {delta}. Every Nfreq steps, when an averaging is being performed and the per-atom property is calculated for the first time, the number of layers and the layer boundaries are computed. Thus if the simlation box changes size during a simulation, the number of layers and their boundaries may also change. Layers are defined relative to a specified {origin}, which may be the lower/upper edge of the box (in {dim}) or its center point, or a specified coordinate value. Starting at the origin, sufficient layers are created in both directions to completely cover the box. On subsequent timesteps every atom is mapped to one of the layers. Atoms beyond the lowermost/uppermost layer are counted in the first/last layer. For orthogonal simulation boxes, the layers are "slices" aligned with the xyz coordinate axes. For non-orthogonal (triclinic) simulation boxes, the layers are "tilted slices" that are parallel to the tilted faces of the box. See the "region prism"_region.html command for a discussion of the geometry of tilted boxes in LAMMPS. As described there, a tilted simulation box has edge vectors a,b,c. In that nomenclature, layers in the x dimension have faces with normals in the "b" cross "c" direction. Layers in y have faces normal to the "a" cross "c" direction. And layers in z have faces normal to the "a" cross "b" direction. Note that in order to define the thickness and position of these tilted layers in an unambiguous fashion, the {units} option must be set to {reduced} when using a non-orthogonal simulation box, as discussed below. :line The atom attribute values (x,y,z,vx,vy,vz,fx,fy,fz) are self-explanatory. The {density/number} value means the number density is computed in each layer, i.e. a weighting of 1 for each atom. The {density/mass} value means the mass density is computed in each layer, i.e. each atom is weighted by its mass. The resulting density is normalized by the volume of the layer so that units of number/volume or mass/volume are output. If a value begins with "c_", a compute ID must follow which has been previously defined in the input script. If no bracketed term is appended, the per-atom scalar calculated by the compute is used. If a bracketed term is appended, the Nth vector per-atom value calculated by the compute is used. Users can also write code for their own compute styles and "add them to LAMMPS"_Section_modify.html. If a value begins with "f_", a fix ID must follow which has been previously defined in the input script. If no bracketed term is appended, the per-atom scalar calculated by the fix is used. If a bracketed term is appended, the Nth vector per-atom value calculated by the fix is used. Note that some fixes only produce their values on certain timesteps, which must be compatible with {Nevery}, else an error results. Users can also write code for their own fix styles and "add them to LAMMPS"_Section_modify.html. If a value begins with "v_", a variable name must follow which has been previously defined in the input script. Variables of style {atom} can reference thermodynamic keywords, or invoke other computes, fixes, or variables when they are evaluated, so this is a very general means of generating per-atom quantities to spatially average. :line Additional optional keywords also affect the operation of this fix. The {units} keyword determines the meaning of the distance units used for the layer thickness {delta} and for {origin} if it is a coordinate value. For orthogonal simulation boxes, any of the 3 options may be used. For non-orthogonal (triclinic) simulation boxes, only the {reduced} option may be used. A {box} value selects standard distance units as defined by the "units"_units.html command, e.g. Angstroms for units = real or metal. A {lattice} value means the distance units are in lattice spacings. The "lattice"_lattice.html command must have been previously used to define the lattice spacing. A {reduced} value means normalized unitless values between 0 and 1, which represent the lower and upper faces of the simulation box respectively. Thus an {origin} value of 0.5 means the center of the box in any dimension. A {delta} value of 0.1 means 10 layers span the box in any dimension. Consider a non-orthogonal box, with layers in the x dimension. No matter how the box is tilted, an {origin} of 0.0 means start layers at the lower "b" cross "c" plane of the simulation box and an {origin} of 1.0 means to start layers at the upper "b" cross "c" face of the box. A {delta} value of 0.1 means there will be 10 layers from 0.0 to 1.0, regardless of the current size or shape of the simulation box. The {norm} keyword affects how averaging is done for the output produced every {Nfreq} timesteps. For an {all} setting, a layer quantity is summed over all atoms in all {Nrepeat} samples, as is the count of atoms in the layer. The printed value for the layer is Total-quantity / Total-count. In other words it is an average over the entire {Nfreq} timescale. For a {sample} setting, the layer quantity is summed over atoms for only a single sample, as is the count, and a "average sample value" is computed, i.e. Sample-quantity / Sample-count. The printed value for the layer is the average of the {Nrepeat} "average sample values", In other words it is an average of an average. The {file} keyword allows a filename to be specified. Every {Nfreq} timesteps, layer info will be written to a text file in the following format. A line with the timestep and number of layers is written. Then one line per layer is written, containing the layer ID (1-N), the coordinate of the center of the layer, the number of atoms in the layer, and one or more calculated values. The number of values in each line corresponds to the number of values specified in the fix ave/spatial command. The number of atoms and the value(s) are average quantities. If the value of the {units} keyword is {box} or {lattice}, the "coord" is printed in box units. If the value of the {units} keyword is {reduced}, the "coord" is printed in reduced units (0-1). The {ave} keyword determines how the layer values produced every {Nfreq} steps are averaged with layer values produced on previous steps that were multiples of {Nfreq}, before they are accessed by another output command or written to a file. If the {ave} setting is {one}, then the layuer values produced on timesteps that are multiples of {Nfreq} are independent of each other; they are output as-is without further averaging. If the {ave} setting is {running}, then the layer values produced on timesteps that are multiples of {Nfreq} are summed and averaged in a cummulative sense before being output. Each output layer value is thus the average of the layer value produced on that timestep with all preceeding values for the same layer. This running average begins when the fix is defined; it can only be restarted by deleting the fix via the "unfix"_unfix.html command, or re-defining the fix by re-specifying it. If the {ave} setting is {window}, then the layer values produced on timesteps that are multiples of {Nfreq} are summed and averaged within a moving "window" of time, so that the last M values for the same layer are used to produce the output. E.g. if M = 3 and Nfreq = 1000, then the output on step 10000 will be the average of the individual layer values on steps 8000,9000,10000. Outputs on early steps will average over less than M values if they are not available. :line [Restart, fix_modify, output, run start/stop, minimize info:] No information about this fix is written to "binary restart files"_restart.html. None of the "fix_modify"_fix_modify.html options are relevant to this fix. This fix computes a global vector of quantities which can be accessed by various "output commands"_Section_howto.html#4_15. The values can only be accessed on timesteps that are multiples of {Nfreq} since that is when averaging is performed. The global vector is of length N = nlayers*nvalues where nlayers is the number of layers and nvalues is the number of values per layer that the fix is averaging. When accessed by another output command, a single index M is specified which is mapped into a layer I as I = M / nvalues + 1 and into value J as J = M % nvalues + 1. If I exceeds the current number of layers than a 0.0 is returned by the fix instead of an error, since the number of layers can vary as a simulation runs, depending on the simulation box size. The vector values calculated by this fix are "intensive", meaning they are independent of the number of atoms in the simulation, since they are already normalized by the count of atoms in each layer. No parameter of this fix can be used with the {start/stop} keywords of the "run"_run.html command. This fix is not invoked during "energy minimization"_minimize.html. [Restrictions:] When the {ave} keyword is set to {running} or {window} then the number of layers must remain the same during the simulation, so that the appropriate averaging can be done. This will be the case if the simulation box size doesn't change or if the {units} keyword is set to {reduced}. [Related commands:] "compute"_compute.html, "fix ave/time"_fix_ave_time.html [Default:] The option defaults are units = lattice, norm = all, no file output, and ave = one.