"LAMMPS WWW Site"_lws - "LAMMPS Documentation"_ld - "LAMMPS Commands"_lc :c

:link(lws,http://lammps.sandia.gov)
:link(ld,Manual.html)
:link(lc,Section_commands.html#comm)

:line

units command :h3

[Syntax:]

units style :pre

style = {lj} or {real} or {metal} :ul

[Examples:]

units metal
units lj :pre

[Description:]

This command sets the style of units used for a simulation.  It
determines the units of all quantities specified in the input script
and data file, as well as quantities output to the screen, log file,
and dump files.  Typically, this command is used at the very beginning
of an input script.

For {real} and {metal} units, LAMMPS uses physical constants from
www.physics.nist.gov. For the definition of Kcal in real units, LAMMPS
uses the thermochemical calorie = 4.184 J.

For style {lj}, all quantities are unitless.  Without loss of
generality, LAMMPS sets the fundamental quantities mass, sigma,
epsilon, and the Boltzmann constant = 1.  The masses, distances,
energies you specify are multiples of these fundamental values.  The
formulas relating the reduced or unitless quantity (with an asterisk)
to the same quantity with units is also given.  Thus you can use the
mass & sigma & epsilon values for a specific material and convert the
results from a unitless LJ simulation into physical quantities.

mass = mass or m
distance = sigma, where x* = x / sigma
time = tau, where tau = t* = t (Kb T / m / sigma^2)^1/2
energy = epsilon, where E* = E / epsilon
velocity = sigma/tau, where v* = v tau / sigma
force = epsilon/sigma, where f* = f sigma / epsilon
temperature = reduced LJ temperature, where T* = T Kb / epsilon
pressure = reduced LJ pressure, where P* = P sigma^3 / epsilon
viscosity = reduced LJ viscosity, where eta* = eta sigma^3 / epsilon / tau
charge = reduced LJ charge, where q* = q / (4 pi perm0 sigma epsilon)^1/2
dipole = reduced LJ dipole, moment where *mu = mu / (4 pi perm0 sigma^3 epsilon)^1/2
electric field = force/charge, where E* = E (4 pi perm0 sigma epsilon)^1/2 sigma / epsilon :ul

For style {real}, these are the units:

mass = grams/mole
distance = Angstroms
time = femtoseconds
energy = Kcal/mole 
velocity = Angstroms/femtosecond 
force = Kcal/mole-Angstrom
temperature = degrees K
pressure = atmospheres
viscosity = Poise
charge = multiple of electron charge (+1.0 is a proton)
dipole = charge*Angstroms
electric field = volts/Angstrom :ul

For style {metal}, these are the units:

mass = grams/mole
distance = Angstroms
time = picoseconds
energy = eV
velocity = Angstroms/picosecond 
force = eV/Angstrom
temperature = degrees K
pressure = bars
viscosity = Poise
charge = multiple of electron charge (+1.0 is a proton)
dipole = charge*Angstroms
electric field = volts/Angstrom :ul

This command also sets the timestep size and neighbor skin distance to
default values for each style.  For style {lj} these are dt = 0.005
tau and skin = 0.3 sigma.  For style {real} these are dt = 1.0 fmsec
and skin = 2.0 Angstroms.  For style {metal} these are dt = 0.001 psec
and skin = 2.0 Angstroms.

[Restrictions:]

This command cannot be used after the simulation box is defined by a
"read_data"_read_data.html or "create_box"_create_box.html command.

[Related commands:] none

[Default:]

units lj :pre