#===========================================================================# # Drag force on a single sphere. # # # # Here, gamma (used in the calculation of the particle-fluid interaction # # force) is calculated by default. The resulting equilibrium drag force # # should correspond to the Stokes drag force on a sphere with a slightly # # larger "hydrodynamic" radius, than that given by the placement of the # # particle nodes. # # # # Sample output from this run can be found in the file: # # 'defaultgamma_drag.out' # #===========================================================================# units micro dimension 3 boundary p p f atom_style atomic #---------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Need a neighbor bin size smaller than the lattice-Boltzmann grid spacing # to ensure that the particles belonging to a given processor remain inside # that processors lattice-Boltzmann grid. # The arguments for neigh_modify have been set to "delay 0 every 1", again # to ensure that the particles belonging to a given processor remain inside # that processors lattice-Boltzmann grid. However, these values can likely # be somewhat increased without issue. If a problem does arise (a particle # is outside of its processors LB grid) an error message is printed and # the simulation is terminated. #---------------------------------------------------------------------------- neighbor 1.0 bin neigh_modify delay 0 every 1 read_data data.one_radius16d2 #---------------------------------------------------------------------------- # None of the particles comprising the spherical colloidal object should # interact with one another. #---------------------------------------------------------------------------- pair_style lj/cut 2.45 pair_coeff * * 0.0 0.0 2.45 neigh_modify exclude type 1 1 #---------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Need to use a large particle mass in order to approximate an infintely # massive particle, moving at constant velocity through the fluid. #---------------------------------------------------------------------------- mass * 10000.0 timestep 3.0 velocity all set 0.0 0.0001 0.0 units box #--------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Create a lattice-Boltzmann fluid covering the simulation domain. # All of the particles in the simulation apply a force to the fluid. # Use the standard LB integration scheme, a fluid density = 1.0, # fluid viscosity = 1.0, lattice spacing dx=4.0, and mass unit, dm=10.0. # Use the default method to calculate the interaction force between the # particles and the fluid. This calculation requires the surface area # of the composite object represented by each particle node. By default # this area is assumed equal to dx*dx; however, since this is not the case # here, it is input through the setArea keyword (i.e. particles of type 1 # correspond to a surface area of 10.3059947). # Use the trilinear interpolation stencil to distribute the force from # a given particle onto the fluid mesh (results in a smaller hydrodynamic # radius than if the Peskin stencil is used). # Print the force and torque acting on the particle to the screen at each # timestep. #---------------------------------------------------------------------------- fix 1 all lb/fluid 1 1 1.0 1.0 setArea 1 10.3059947 dx 4.0 dm 10.0 trilinear calcforce 10 all #--------------------------------------------------------------------------- # For this simulation the colloidal particle moves at a constant velocity # through the fluid. As such, we do not wish to apply the force from # the fluid back onto the object. Therefore, we do not use any of the # viscous_lb, rigid_pc_sphere, or pc fixes, and simply integrate the # particle motion using one of the built-in LAMMPS integrators. #--------------------------------------------------------------------------- fix 2 all nve run 100000