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<li class="breadcrumb-item active"><span class="section-number">8.4.3. </span>TIP3P water model</li>
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<p><span class="math notranslate nohighlight">\(\renewcommand{\AA}{\text{Å}}\)</span></p>
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<section id="tip3p-water-model">
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<h1><span class="section-number">8.4.3. </span>TIP3P water model<a class="headerlink" href="#tip3p-water-model" title="Link to this heading"></a></h1>
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<p>The TIP3P water model as implemented in CHARMM <a class="reference internal" href="#howto-tip3p"><span class="std std-ref">(MacKerell)</span></a> specifies a 3-site rigid water molecule with charges and
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Lennard-Jones parameters assigned to each of the three atoms.</p>
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<p>A suitable pair style with cutoff Coulomb would be:</p>
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<ul class="simple">
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<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="pair_lj_cut_coul.html"><span class="doc">pair_style lj/cut/coul/cut</span></a></p></li>
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</ul>
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<p>or these commands for a long-range Coulomb model:</p>
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<ul class="simple">
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<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="pair_lj_cut_coul.html"><span class="doc">pair_style lj/cut/coul/long</span></a></p></li>
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<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="pair_fep_soft.html"><span class="doc">pair_style lj/cut/coul/long/soft</span></a></p></li>
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<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="kspace_style.html"><span class="doc">kspace_style pppm</span></a></p></li>
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<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="kspace_style.html"><span class="doc">kspace_style pppm/disp</span></a></p></li>
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</ul>
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<p>In LAMMPS the <a class="reference internal" href="fix_shake.html"><span class="doc">fix shake or fix rattle</span></a> command can be
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used to hold the two O-H bonds and the H-O-H angle rigid. A bond style
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of <a class="reference internal" href="bond_harmonic.html"><span class="doc">harmonic</span></a> and an angle style of <a class="reference internal" href="angle_harmonic.html"><span class="doc">harmonic</span></a> or <a class="reference internal" href="angle_charmm.html"><span class="doc">charmm</span></a> should also be used.
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In case of rigid bonds also bond style <a class="reference internal" href="bond_zero.html"><span class="doc">zero</span></a> and angle
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style <a class="reference internal" href="angle_zero.html"><span class="doc">zero</span></a> can be used.</p>
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<p>The table below lists the force field parameters (in real <a class="reference internal" href="units.html"><span class="doc">units</span></a>) to for the water molecule atoms to run a rigid or flexible
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TIP3P-CHARMM model with a cutoff, the original 1983 TIP3P model
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<a class="reference internal" href="#jorgensen1"><span class="std std-ref">(Jorgensen)</span></a>, or a TIP3P model with parameters
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optimized for a long-range Coulomb solver (e.g. Ewald or PPPM in LAMMPS)
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<a class="reference internal" href="#price1"><span class="std std-ref">(Price)</span></a>. The K values can be used if a flexible TIP3P
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model (without fix shake) is desired, for rigid bonds/angles they are
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ignored.</p>
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<table class="docutils align-default">
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<colgroup>
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<col style="width: 38.0%" />
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<col style="width: 22.0%" />
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<col style="width: 20.0%" />
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<col style="width: 20.0%" />
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</colgroup>
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<thead>
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<tr class="row-odd"><th class="head"><p>Parameter</p></th>
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<th class="head"><p>TIP3P-CHARMM</p></th>
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<th class="head"><p>TIP3P (original)</p></th>
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<th class="head"><p>TIP3P (Ewald)</p></th>
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</tr>
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</thead>
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<tbody>
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<tr class="row-even"><td><p>O mass (amu)</p></td>
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<td><p>15.9994</p></td>
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<td><p>15.9994</p></td>
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<td><p>15.9994</p></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>H mass (amu)</p></td>
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<td><p>1.008</p></td>
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<td><p>1.008</p></td>
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<td><p>1.008</p></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="row-even"><td><p>O charge (<span class="math notranslate nohighlight">\(e\)</span>)</p></td>
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<td><p>-0.834</p></td>
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<td><p>-0.834</p></td>
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<td><p>-0.834</p></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>H charge (<span class="math notranslate nohighlight">\(e\)</span>)</p></td>
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<td><p>0.417</p></td>
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<td><p>0.417</p></td>
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<td><p>0.417</p></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="row-even"><td><p>LJ <span class="math notranslate nohighlight">\(\epsilon\)</span> of OO (kcal/mole)</p></td>
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<td><p>0.1521</p></td>
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<td><p>0.1521</p></td>
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<td><p>0.1020</p></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>LJ <span class="math notranslate nohighlight">\(\sigma\)</span> of OO (<span class="math notranslate nohighlight">\(\AA\)</span>)</p></td>
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<td><p>3.1507</p></td>
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<td><p>3.1507</p></td>
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<td><p>3.188</p></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="row-even"><td><p>LJ <span class="math notranslate nohighlight">\(\epsilon\)</span> of HH (kcal/mole)</p></td>
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<td><p>0.0460</p></td>
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<td><p>0.0</p></td>
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<td><p>0.0</p></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>LJ <span class="math notranslate nohighlight">\(\sigma\)</span> of HH (<span class="math notranslate nohighlight">\(\AA\)</span>)</p></td>
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<td><p>0.4</p></td>
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<td><p>1.0</p></td>
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<td><p>1.0</p></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="row-even"><td><p>LJ <span class="math notranslate nohighlight">\(\epsilon\)</span> of OH (kcal/mole)</p></td>
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<td><p>0.0836</p></td>
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<td><p>0.0</p></td>
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<td><p>0.0</p></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>LJ <span class="math notranslate nohighlight">\(\sigma\)</span> of OH (<span class="math notranslate nohighlight">\(\AA\)</span>)</p></td>
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<td><p>1.7753</p></td>
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<td><p>1.0</p></td>
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<td><p>1.0</p></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="row-even"><td><p>K of OH bond (kcal/mole/<span class="math notranslate nohighlight">\(\AA^2\)</span>)</p></td>
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<td><p>450</p></td>
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<td><p>450</p></td>
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<td><p>450</p></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><span class="math notranslate nohighlight">\(r_0\)</span> of OH bond (<span class="math notranslate nohighlight">\(\AA\)</span>)</p></td>
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<td><p>0.9572</p></td>
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<td><p>0.9572</p></td>
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<td><p>0.9572</p></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="row-even"><td><p>K of HOH angle (kcal/mole)</p></td>
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<td><p>55.0</p></td>
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<td><p>55.0</p></td>
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<td><p>55.0</p></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><span class="math notranslate nohighlight">\(\theta_0\)</span> of HOH angle</p></td>
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<td><p>104.52<span class="math notranslate nohighlight">\(^{\circ}\)</span></p></td>
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<td><p>104.52<span class="math notranslate nohighlight">\(^{\circ}\)</span></p></td>
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<td><p>104.52<span class="math notranslate nohighlight">\(^{\circ}\)</span></p></td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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<p>Below is the code for a LAMMPS input file and a molecule file
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(<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tip3p.mol</span></code>) of TIP3P water for use with the <a class="reference internal" href="molecule.html"><span class="doc">molecule command</span></a> demonstrating how to set up a small bulk water system for
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TIP3P with rigid bonds.</p>
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<div class="highlight-LAMMPS notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">units</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">real</span>
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<span class="k">atom_style</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">full</span>
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<span class="k">region </span><span class="nv nv-Identifier">box</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">block</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="m">5</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">5</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="m">5</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">5</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="m">5</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">5</span>
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<span class="k">create_box </span><span class="nv nv-Identifier">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv nv-Identifier">box</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bond</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">types</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">angle</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">types</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&</span>
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<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">extra</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">bond</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">per</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">atom</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">extra</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">angle</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">per</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">atom</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">extra</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">special</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">per</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">atom</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">2</span>
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<span class="k">mass</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">15.9994</span>
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<span class="k">mass</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1.008</span>
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<span class="k">pair_style</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">lj</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">cut</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">coul</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">cut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">8.0</span>
|
|
<span class="k">pair_coeff</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0.1521</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">3.1507</span>
|
|
<span class="k">pair_coeff</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0.0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1.0</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="k">bond_style</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">zero</span>
|
|
<span class="k">bond_coeff</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0.9574</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="k">angle_style</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">zero</span>
|
|
<span class="k">angle_coeff</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">104.52</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="k">molecule</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">water</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tip3p.mol</span>
|
|
<span class="k">create_atoms</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">random</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">33</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">34564</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">NULL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">mol</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">water</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">25367</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">overlap</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1.33</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="k">fix </span><span class="nv nv-Identifier">rigid</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv nv-Identifier">all</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">shake</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0.001</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">10</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">10000</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">b</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span>
|
|
<span class="k">minimize</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0.0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0.0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1000</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">10000</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="k">reset_timestep</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span>
|
|
<span class="k">timestep</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1.0</span>
|
|
<span class="k">velocity </span><span class="nv nv-Identifier">all</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">create</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">300.0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">5463576</span>
|
|
<span class="k">fix </span><span class="nv nv-Identifier">integrate</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv nv-Identifier">all</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nvt</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">temp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">300</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">300</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">100.0</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="k">thermo_style</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">custom</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">step</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">temp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">press</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">etotal</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pe</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="k">thermo</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1000</span>
|
|
<span class="k">run</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">20000</span>
|
|
<span class="k">write_data </span><span class="nv nv-Identifier">tip3p.data</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nocoeff</span>
|
|
</pre></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="highlight-none notranslate" id="tip3p-molecule"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span># Water molecule. TIP3P geometry
|
|
|
|
3 atoms
|
|
2 bonds
|
|
1 angles
|
|
|
|
Coords
|
|
|
|
1 0.00000 -0.06556 0.00000
|
|
2 0.75695 0.52032 0.00000
|
|
3 -0.75695 0.52032 0.00000
|
|
|
|
Types
|
|
|
|
1 1 # O
|
|
2 2 # H
|
|
3 2 # H
|
|
|
|
Charges
|
|
|
|
1 -0.834
|
|
2 0.417
|
|
3 0.417
|
|
|
|
Bonds
|
|
|
|
1 1 1 2
|
|
2 1 1 3
|
|
|
|
Angles
|
|
|
|
1 1 2 1 3
|
|
|
|
Shake Flags
|
|
|
|
1 1
|
|
2 1
|
|
3 1
|
|
|
|
Shake Atoms
|
|
|
|
1 1 2 3
|
|
2 1 2 3
|
|
3 1 2 3
|
|
|
|
Shake Bond Types
|
|
|
|
1 1 1 1
|
|
2 1 1 1
|
|
3 1 1 1
|
|
|
|
Special Bond Counts
|
|
|
|
1 2 0 0
|
|
2 1 1 0
|
|
3 1 1 0
|
|
|
|
Special Bonds
|
|
|
|
1 2 3
|
|
2 1 3
|
|
3 1 2
|
|
</pre></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p>Wikipedia also has a nice article on <a class="reference external" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_model">water models</a>.</p>
|
|
<hr class="docutils" />
|
|
<p id="howto-tip3p"><strong>(MacKerell)</strong> MacKerell, Bashford, Bellott, Dunbrack, Evanseck, Field,
|
|
Fischer, Gao, Guo, Ha, et al, J Phys Chem, 102, 3586 (1998).</p>
|
|
<p id="jorgensen1"><strong>(Jorgensen)</strong> Jorgensen, Chandrasekhar, Madura, Impey, Klein, J Chem
|
|
Phys, 79, 926 (1983).</p>
|
|
<p id="price1"><strong>(Price)</strong> Price and Brooks, J Chem Phys, 121, 10096 (2004).</p>
|
|
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