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<title>1.5. LAMMPS portability and compatibility — LAMMPS documentation</title>
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<div class="lammps_version">Version: <b>19 Nov 2024</b></div>
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<p class="caption" role="heading"><span class="caption-text">User Guide</span></p>
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<li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="reference internal" href="Intro.html">1. Introduction</a><ul class="current">
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Intro_overview.html">1.1. Overview of LAMMPS</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Manual_version.html">1.2. What does a LAMMPS version mean</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Intro_features.html">1.3. LAMMPS features</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Intro_nonfeatures.html">1.4. LAMMPS non-features</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="#">1.5. LAMMPS portability and compatibility</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#programming-language-standards">1.5.1. Programming language standards</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#build-systems">1.5.2. Build systems</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#operating-systems">1.5.3. Operating systems</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#compilers">1.5.4. Compilers</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#cpu-architectures">1.5.5. CPU architectures</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#portability-compliance">1.5.6. Portability compliance</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Intro_opensource.html">1.6. LAMMPS open-source license</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Intro_authors.html">1.7. Authors of LAMMPS</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Intro_citing.html">1.8. Citing LAMMPS</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="Intro_website.html">1.9. Additional website links</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="Install.html">2. Install LAMMPS</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="Build.html">3. Build LAMMPS</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="Run_head.html">4. Run LAMMPS</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="Commands.html">5. Commands</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="Packages.html">6. Optional packages</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="Speed.html">7. Accelerate performance</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="Howto.html">8. Howto discussions</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="Examples.html">9. Example scripts</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="Tools.html">10. Auxiliary tools</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="Errors.html">11. Errors</a></li>
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<p class="caption" role="heading"><span class="caption-text">Programmer Guide</span></p>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="Library.html">1. LAMMPS Library Interfaces</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="Python_head.html">2. Use Python with LAMMPS</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="Modify.html">3. Modifying & extending LAMMPS</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="Developer.html">4. Information for Developers</a></li>
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</ul>
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<p class="caption" role="heading"><span class="caption-text">Command Reference</span></p>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="commands_list.html">Commands</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="fixes.html">Fix Styles</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="computes.html">Compute Styles</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="pairs.html">Pair Styles</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="bonds.html">Bond Styles</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="angles.html">Angle Styles</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="dihedrals.html">Dihedral Styles</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="impropers.html">Improper Styles</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="dumps.html">Dump Styles</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_modify_atc_commands.html">fix_modify AtC commands</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="Bibliography.html">Bibliography</a></li>
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<li class="breadcrumb-item"><a href="Intro.html"><span class="section-number">1. </span>Introduction</a></li>
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<li class="breadcrumb-item active"><span class="section-number">1.5. </span>LAMMPS portability and compatibility</li>
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<p><span class="math notranslate nohighlight">\(\renewcommand{\AA}{\text{Å}}\)</span></p>
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<section id="lammps-portability-and-compatibility">
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<h1><span class="section-number">1.5. </span>LAMMPS portability and compatibility<a class="headerlink" href="#lammps-portability-and-compatibility" title="Link to this heading"></a></h1>
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<p>The primary form of distributing LAMMPS is through highly portable
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source code. But also several ways of obtaining LAMMPS as <a class="reference internal" href="Install.html"><span class="doc">precompiled
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packages or through automated build mechanisms</span></a> exist. Most
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of LAMMPS is written in C++, some support tools are written in Fortran
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or Python or MATLAB.</p>
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<section id="programming-language-standards">
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<h2><span class="section-number">1.5.1. </span>Programming language standards<a class="headerlink" href="#programming-language-standards" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
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<p>Most of the C++ code currently requires a compiler compatible with the
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C++11 standard, the KOKKOS package currently requires C++17. Most of
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the Python code is written to be compatible with Python 3.5 or later or
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Python 2.7. Some Python scripts <em>require</em> Python 3 and a few others
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still need to be ported from Python 2 to Python 3.</p>
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</section>
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<section id="build-systems">
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<h2><span class="section-number">1.5.2. </span>Build systems<a class="headerlink" href="#build-systems" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
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<p>LAMMPS can be compiled from source code using a (traditional) build
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system based on shell scripts, a few shell utilities (grep, sed, cat,
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tr) and the GNU make program. This requires running within a Bourne
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shell (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/bin/sh</span></code>). Alternatively, a build system with different back ends
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can be created using CMake. CMake must be at least version 3.16.</p>
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</section>
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<section id="operating-systems">
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<h2><span class="section-number">1.5.3. </span>Operating systems<a class="headerlink" href="#operating-systems" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
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<p>The primary development platform for LAMMPS is Linux. Thus, the chances
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for LAMMPS to compile without problems are the best on Linux machines.
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Also, compilation and correct execution on macOS and Windows (using
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Microsoft Visual C++) is checked automatically for the largest part of
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the source code. Some (optional) features are not compatible with all
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operating systems, either through limitations of the corresponding
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LAMMPS source code or through incompatibilities of source code or
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build system of required external libraries or packages.</p>
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<p>Executables for Windows may be created natively using either Cygwin or
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Visual Studio or with a Linux to Windows MinGW cross-compiler.</p>
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<p>Additionally, FreeBSD and Solaris have been tested successfully to
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run LAMMPS and produce results consistent with those on Linux.</p>
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</section>
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<section id="compilers">
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<h2><span class="section-number">1.5.4. </span>Compilers<a class="headerlink" href="#compilers" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
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<p>The most commonly used compilers are the GNU compilers, but also Clang
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and the Intel compilers have been successfully used on Linux, macOS, and
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Windows. Also, the Nvidia HPC SDK (formerly PGI compilers) will compile
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LAMMPS (tested on Linux).</p>
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</section>
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<section id="cpu-architectures">
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<h2><span class="section-number">1.5.5. </span>CPU architectures<a class="headerlink" href="#cpu-architectures" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
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<p>The primary CPU architecture for running LAMMPS is 64-bit x86, but also
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32-bit x86, and 64-bit ARM and PowerPC (64-bit, Little Endian) are
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regularly tested.</p>
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</section>
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<section id="portability-compliance">
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<h2><span class="section-number">1.5.6. </span>Portability compliance<a class="headerlink" href="#portability-compliance" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
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<p>Only a subset of the LAMMPS source code is <em>fully</em> compliant to <em>all</em>
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of the above mentioned standards. This is rather typical for projects
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like LAMMPS that largely depend on contributions from the user community.
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Not all contributors are trained as programmers and not all of them have
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access to multiple platforms for testing. As part of the continuous
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integration process, however, all contributions are automatically tested
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to compile, link, and pass some runtime tests on a selection of Linux
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flavors, macOS, and Windows, and on Linux with different compilers.
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Thus portability issues are often found before a pull request is merged.
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Other platforms may be checked occasionally or when portability bugs are
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reported.</p>
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</section>
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</section>
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