583 lines
51 KiB
HTML
583 lines
51 KiB
HTML
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<title>fix wall/flow command — LAMMPS documentation</title>
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<div class="lammps_version">Version: <b>19 Nov 2024</b></div>
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</div><div class="wy-menu wy-menu-vertical" data-spy="affix" role="navigation" aria-label="Navigation menu">
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<p class="caption" role="heading"><span class="caption-text">User Guide</span></p>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="Intro.html">1. Introduction</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="Install.html">2. Install LAMMPS</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="Build.html">3. Build LAMMPS</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="Run_head.html">4. Run LAMMPS</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="Commands.html">5. Commands</a></li>
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<p class="caption" role="heading"><span class="caption-text">Programmer Guide</span></p>
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<ul>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="Library.html">1. LAMMPS Library Interfaces</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="Python_head.html">2. Use Python with LAMMPS</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="Modify.html">3. Modifying & extending LAMMPS</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="Developer.html">4. Information for Developers</a></li>
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</ul>
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<p class="caption" role="heading"><span class="caption-text">Command Reference</span></p>
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<ul class="current">
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="commands_list.html">Commands</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="reference internal" href="fixes.html">Fix Styles</a><ul class="current">
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_accelerate_cos.html">fix accelerate/cos command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_acks2_reaxff.html">fix acks2/reaxff command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_adapt.html">fix adapt command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_adapt_fep.html">fix adapt/fep command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_add_heat.html">fix add/heat command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_addforce.html">fix addforce command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_addtorque.html">fix addtorque command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_alchemy.html">fix alchemy command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_amoeba_bitorsion.html">fix amoeba/bitorsion command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_amoeba_pitorsion.html">fix amoeba/pitorsion command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_append_atoms.html">fix append/atoms command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_atc.html">fix atc command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_atom_swap.html">fix atom/swap command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_ave_atom.html">fix ave/atom command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_ave_chunk.html">fix ave/chunk command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_ave_correlate.html">fix ave/correlate command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_ave_correlate_long.html">fix ave/correlate/long command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_ave_grid.html">fix ave/grid command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_ave_histo.html">fix ave/histo command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_ave_histo.html#fix-ave-histo-weight-command">fix ave/histo/weight command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_ave_spatial.html">fix ave/spatial command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_ave_spatial_sphere.html">fix ave/spatial/sphere command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_ave_time.html">fix ave/time command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_aveforce.html">fix aveforce command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_balance.html">fix balance command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_bocs.html">fix bocs command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_bond_break.html">fix bond/break command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_bond_create.html">fix bond/create command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_bond_create.html#fix-bond-create-angle-command">fix bond/create/angle command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_bond_react.html">fix bond/react command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_bond_swap.html">fix bond/swap command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_box_relax.html">fix box/relax command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_brownian.html">fix brownian command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_brownian.html#fix-brownian-sphere-command">fix brownian/sphere command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_brownian.html#fix-brownian-asphere-command">fix brownian/asphere command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_charge_regulation.html">fix charge/regulation command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_cmap.html">fix cmap command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_colvars.html">fix colvars command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_controller.html">fix controller command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_damping_cundall.html">fix damping/cundall command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_deform.html">fix deform command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_deform_pressure.html">fix deform/pressure command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_deposit.html">fix deposit command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_dpd_energy.html">fix dpd/energy command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_dpd_source.html">fix edpd/source command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_dpd_source.html#fix-tdpd-source-command">fix tdpd/source command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_drag.html">fix drag command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_drude.html">fix drude command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_drude_transform.html">fix drude/transform/direct command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_drude_transform.html#fix-drude-transform-inverse-command">fix drude/transform/inverse command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_dt_reset.html">fix dt/reset command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_efield.html">fix efield command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_efield.html#fix-efield-tip4p-command">fix efield/tip4p command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_ehex.html">fix ehex command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_electrode.html">fix electrode/conp command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_electrode.html#fix-electrode-conq-command">fix electrode/conq command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_electrode.html#fix-electrode-thermo-command">fix electrode/thermo command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_electron_stopping.html">fix electron/stopping command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_electron_stopping.html#fix-electron-stopping-fit-command">fix electron/stopping/fit command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_enforce2d.html">fix enforce2d command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_eos_cv.html">fix eos/cv command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_eos_table.html">fix eos/table command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_eos_table_rx.html">fix eos/table/rx command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_evaporate.html">fix evaporate command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_external.html">fix external command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_ffl.html">fix ffl command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_filter_corotate.html">fix filter/corotate command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_flow_gauss.html">fix flow/gauss command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_freeze.html">fix freeze command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_gcmc.html">fix gcmc command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_gld.html">fix gld command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_gle.html">fix gle command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_gravity.html">fix gravity command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_grem.html">fix grem command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_halt.html">fix halt command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_heat.html">fix heat command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_heat_flow.html">fix heat/flow command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_hyper_global.html">fix hyper/global command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_hyper_local.html">fix hyper/local command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_imd.html">fix imd command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_indent.html">fix indent command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_ipi.html">fix ipi command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_langevin.html">fix langevin command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_langevin_drude.html">fix langevin/drude command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_langevin_eff.html">fix langevin/eff command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_langevin_spin.html">fix langevin/spin command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_lb_fluid.html">fix lb/fluid command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_lb_momentum.html">fix lb/momentum command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_lb_viscous.html">fix lb/viscous command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_lineforce.html">fix lineforce command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_manifoldforce.html">fix manifoldforce command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_mdi_qm.html">fix mdi/qm command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_mdi_qmmm.html">fix mdi/qmmm command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_meso_move.html">fix meso/move command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_mol_swap.html">fix mol/swap command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_momentum.html">fix momentum command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_momentum.html#fix-momentum-chunk-command">fix momentum/chunk command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_move.html">fix move command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_msst.html">fix msst command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_mvv_dpd.html">fix mvv/dpd command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_mvv_dpd.html#fix-mvv-edpd-command">fix mvv/edpd command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_mvv_dpd.html#fix-mvv-tdpd-command">fix mvv/tdpd command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_neb.html">fix neb command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_neb_spin.html">fix neb/spin command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_nh.html">fix nvt command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_nh.html#fix-npt-command">fix npt command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_nh.html#fix-nph-command">fix nph command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_nh_eff.html">fix nvt/eff command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_nh_eff.html#fix-npt-eff-command">fix npt/eff command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_nh_eff.html#fix-nph-eff-command">fix nph/eff command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_nh_uef.html">fix nvt/uef command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_nh_uef.html#fix-npt-uef-command">fix npt/uef command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_nonaffine_displacement.html">fix nonaffine/displacement command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_nph_asphere.html">fix nph/asphere command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_nph_body.html">fix nph/body command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_nph_sphere.html">fix nph/sphere command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_nphug.html">fix nphug command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_npt_asphere.html">fix npt/asphere command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_npt_body.html">fix npt/body command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_npt_cauchy.html">fix npt/cauchy command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_npt_sphere.html">fix npt/sphere command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_numdiff.html">fix numdiff command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_numdiff_virial.html">fix numdiff/virial command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_nve.html">fix nve command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_nve_asphere.html">fix nve/asphere command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_nve_asphere_noforce.html">fix nve/asphere/noforce command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_nve_awpmd.html">fix nve/awpmd command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_nve_body.html">fix nve/body command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_nve_bpm_sphere.html">fix nve/bpm/sphere command</a></li>
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|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_nve_dot.html">fix nve/dot command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_nve_dotc_langevin.html">fix nve/dotc/langevin command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_nve_eff.html">fix nve/eff command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_nve_limit.html">fix nve/limit command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_nve_line.html">fix nve/line command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_nve_manifold_rattle.html">fix nve/manifold/rattle command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_nve_noforce.html">fix nve/noforce command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_nve_sphere.html">fix nve/sphere command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_nve_spin.html">fix nve/spin command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_nve_tri.html">fix nve/tri command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_nvk.html">fix nvk command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_nvt_asphere.html">fix nvt/asphere command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_nvt_body.html">fix nvt/body command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_nvt_manifold_rattle.html">fix nvt/manifold/rattle command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_nvt_sllod.html">fix nvt/sllod command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_nvt_sllod_eff.html">fix nvt/sllod/eff command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_nvt_sphere.html">fix nvt/sphere command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_oneway.html">fix oneway command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_orient.html">fix orient/fcc command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_orient.html#fix-orient-bcc-command">fix orient/bcc command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_orient_eco.html">fix orient/eco command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_pafi.html">fix pafi command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_pair.html">fix pair command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_phonon.html">fix phonon command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_pimd.html">fix pimd/langevin command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_pimd.html#fix-pimd-nvt-command">fix pimd/nvt command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_pimdb.html">fix pimdb/langevin command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_pimdb.html#fix-pimdb-nvt-command">fix pimdb/nvt command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_planeforce.html">fix planeforce command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_plumed.html">fix plumed command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_poems.html">fix poems command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_polarize.html">fix polarize/bem/gmres command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_polarize.html#fix-polarize-bem-icc-command">fix polarize/bem/icc command</a></li>
|
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_polarize.html#fix-polarize-functional-command">fix polarize/functional command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_pour.html">fix pour command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_precession_spin.html">fix precession/spin command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_press_berendsen.html">fix press/berendsen command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_press_langevin.html">fix press/langevin command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_print.html">fix print command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_propel_self.html">fix propel/self command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_property_atom.html">fix property/atom command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_python_invoke.html">fix python/invoke command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_python_move.html">fix python/move command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_qbmsst.html">fix qbmsst command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_qeq.html">fix qeq/point command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_qeq.html#fix-qeq-shielded-command">fix qeq/shielded command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_qeq.html#fix-qeq-slater-command">fix qeq/slater command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_qeq.html#fix-qeq-ctip-command">fix qeq/ctip command</a></li>
|
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_qeq.html#fix-qeq-dynamic-command">fix qeq/dynamic command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_qeq.html#fix-qeq-fire-command">fix qeq/fire command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_qeq_comb.html">fix qeq/comb command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_qeq_reaxff.html">fix qeq/reaxff command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_qmmm.html">fix qmmm command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_qtb.html">fix qtb command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_qtpie_reaxff.html">fix qtpie/reaxff command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_reaxff_bonds.html">fix reaxff/bonds command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_reaxff_species.html">fix reaxff/species command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_recenter.html">fix recenter command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_restrain.html">fix restrain command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_rheo.html">fix rheo command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_rheo_oxidation.html">fix rheo/oxidation command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_rheo_pressure.html">fix rheo/pressure command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_rheo_thermal.html">fix rheo/thermal command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_rheo_viscosity.html">fix rheo/viscosity command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_rhok.html">fix rhok command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_rigid.html">fix rigid command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_rigid.html#fix-rigid-nve-command">fix rigid/nve command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_rigid.html#fix-rigid-nvt-command">fix rigid/nvt command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_rigid.html#fix-rigid-npt-command">fix rigid/npt command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_rigid.html#fix-rigid-nph-command">fix rigid/nph command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_rigid.html#fix-rigid-small-command">fix rigid/small command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_rigid.html#fix-rigid-nve-small-command">fix rigid/nve/small command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_rigid.html#fix-rigid-nvt-small-command">fix rigid/nvt/small command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_rigid.html#fix-rigid-npt-small-command">fix rigid/npt/small command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_rigid.html#fix-rigid-nph-small-command">fix rigid/nph/small command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_rigid_meso.html">fix rigid/meso command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_rx.html">fix rx command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_saed_vtk.html">fix saed/vtk command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_setforce.html">fix setforce command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_setforce.html#fix-setforce-spin-command">fix setforce/spin command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_sgcmc.html">fix sgcmc command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_shake.html">fix shake command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_shake.html#fix-rattle-command">fix rattle command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_shardlow.html">fix shardlow command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_smd.html">fix smd command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_smd_adjust_dt.html">fix smd/adjust_dt command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_smd_integrate_tlsph.html">fix smd/integrate_tlsph command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_smd_integrate_ulsph.html">fix smd/integrate_ulsph command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_smd_move_triangulated_surface.html">fix smd/move_tri_surf command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_smd_setvel.html">fix smd/setvel command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_smd_wall_surface.html">fix smd/wall_surface command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_sph.html">fix sph command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_sph_stationary.html">fix sph/stationary command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_spring.html">fix spring command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_spring_chunk.html">fix spring/chunk command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_spring_rg.html">fix spring/rg command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_spring_self.html">fix spring/self command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_srd.html">fix srd command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_store_force.html">fix store/force command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_store_state.html">fix store/state command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_temp_berendsen.html">fix temp/berendsen command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_temp_csvr.html">fix temp/csvr command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_temp_csvr.html#fix-temp-csld-command">fix temp/csld command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_temp_rescale.html">fix temp/rescale command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_temp_rescale_eff.html">fix temp/rescale/eff command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_tfmc.html">fix tfmc command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_tgnh_drude.html">fix tgnvt/drude command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_tgnh_drude.html#fix-tgnpt-drude-command">fix tgnpt/drude command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_thermal_conductivity.html">fix thermal/conductivity command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_ti_spring.html">fix ti/spring command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_tmd.html">fix tmd command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_ttm.html">fix ttm command</a></li>
|
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_ttm.html#fix-ttm-grid-command">fix ttm/grid command</a></li>
|
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_ttm.html#fix-ttm-mod-command">fix ttm/mod command</a></li>
|
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_tune_kspace.html">fix tune/kspace command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_vector.html">fix vector command</a></li>
|
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_viscosity.html">fix viscosity command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_viscous.html">fix viscous command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_viscous_sphere.html">fix viscous/sphere command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_wall.html">fix wall/lj93 command</a></li>
|
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_wall.html#fix-wall-lj126-command">fix wall/lj126 command</a></li>
|
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_wall.html#fix-wall-lj1043-command">fix wall/lj1043 command</a></li>
|
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_wall.html#fix-wall-colloid-command">fix wall/colloid command</a></li>
|
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_wall.html#fix-wall-harmonic-command">fix wall/harmonic command</a></li>
|
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_wall.html#fix-wall-lepton-command">fix wall/lepton command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_wall.html#fix-wall-morse-command">fix wall/morse command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_wall.html#fix-wall-table-command">fix wall/table command</a></li>
|
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_wall_body_polygon.html">fix wall/body/polygon command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_wall_body_polyhedron.html">fix wall/body/polyhedron command</a></li>
|
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_wall_ees.html">fix wall/ees command</a></li>
|
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_wall_ees.html#fix-wall-region-ees-command">fix wall/region/ees command</a></li>
|
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<li class="toctree-l2 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="#">fix wall/flow command</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#syntax">Syntax</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#examples">Examples</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#description">Description</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#restart-fix-modify-output-run-start-stop-minimize-info">Restart, fix_modify, output, run start/stop, minimize info</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#restrictions">Restrictions</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#related-commands">Related commands</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#default">Default</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_wall_gran.html">fix wall/gran command</a></li>
|
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_wall_gran_region.html">fix wall/gran/region command</a></li>
|
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_wall_piston.html">fix wall/piston command</a></li>
|
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_wall_reflect.html">fix wall/reflect command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_wall_reflect_stochastic.html">fix wall/reflect/stochastic command</a></li>
|
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_wall_region.html">fix wall/region command</a></li>
|
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_wall_srd.html">fix wall/srd command</a></li>
|
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_widom.html">fix widom command</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="computes.html">Compute Styles</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="pairs.html">Pair Styles</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="bonds.html">Bond Styles</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="angles.html">Angle Styles</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="dihedrals.html">Dihedral Styles</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="impropers.html">Improper Styles</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="dumps.html">Dump Styles</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_modify_atc_commands.html">fix_modify AtC commands</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="Bibliography.html">Bibliography</a></li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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<li class="breadcrumb-item"><a href="fixes.html">Fix Styles</a></li>
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<li class="breadcrumb-item active">fix wall/flow command</li>
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<div itemprop="articleBody">
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<p><span class="math notranslate nohighlight">\(\renewcommand{\AA}{\text{Å}}\)</span></p>
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<section id="fix-wall-flow-command">
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<span id="index-1"></span><span id="index-0"></span><h1>fix wall/flow command<a class="headerlink" href="#fix-wall-flow-command" title="Link to this heading"></a></h1>
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<p>Accelerator Variants: <em>wall/flow/kk</em></p>
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<section id="syntax">
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<h2>Syntax<a class="headerlink" href="#syntax" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
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<div class="highlight-LAMMPS notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">fix </span><span class="nv nv-Identifier">ID</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv nv-Identifier">group-ID</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">wall</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">flow</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">axis</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">vflow</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">T</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">seed</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">N</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">coords</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">keyword</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">value</span>
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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<ul>
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<li><p>ID, group-ID are documented in <a class="reference internal" href="fix.html"><span class="doc">fix</span></a> command</p></li>
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<li><p>wall/flow = style name of this fix command</p></li>
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<li><p>axis = flow axis (<em>x</em>, <em>y</em>, or <em>z</em>)</p></li>
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<li><p>vflow = generated flow velocity in <em>axis</em> direction (velocity units)</p></li>
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<li><p>T = flow temperature (temperature units)</p></li>
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<li><p>seed = random seed for stochasticity (positive integer)</p></li>
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<li><p>N = number of walls</p></li>
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<li><p>coords = list of N wall positions along the <em>axis</em> direction in ascending order (distance units)</p></li>
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<li><p>zero or more keyword/value pairs may be appended</p></li>
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<li><p>keyword = <em>units</em></p>
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<pre class="literal-block"><em>units</em> value = <em>lattice</em> or <em>box</em>
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<em>lattice</em> = wall positions are defined in lattice units
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<em>box</em> = the wall positions are defined in simulation box units</pre>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</section>
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<section id="examples">
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<h2>Examples<a class="headerlink" href="#examples" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
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<div class="highlight-LAMMPS notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">fix </span><span class="nv nv-Identifier">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv nv-Identifier">all</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">wall</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">flow</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">x</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0.4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1.5</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">593894</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">2.0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">4.0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">6.0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">8.0</span>
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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</section>
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<section id="description">
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<h2>Description<a class="headerlink" href="#description" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
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<div class="versionadded">
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<p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 17Apr2024.</span></p>
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</div>
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<p>This fix implements flow boundary conditions (FBC) introduced in
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<a class="reference internal" href="#fbc-pavlov1"><span class="std std-ref">(Pavlov1)</span></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="#fbc-pavlov2"><span class="std std-ref">(Pavlov2)</span></a>.
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The goal is to generate a stationary flow with a shifted Maxwell
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velocity distribution:</p>
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<div class="math notranslate nohighlight">
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\[f_a(v_a) \propto \exp{\left(-\frac{m (v_a-v_{\text{flow}})^2}{2 kB T}\right)}\]</div>
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<p>where <span class="math notranslate nohighlight">\(v_a\)</span> is the component of velocity along the specified
|
|
<em>axis</em> argument (a = x,y,z), <span class="math notranslate nohighlight">\(v_{\text{flow}}\)</span> is the flow
|
|
velocity specified as the <em>vflow</em> argument, <em>T</em> is the specified flow
|
|
temperature, <em>m</em> is the particle mass, and <em>kB</em> is the Boltzmann
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|
constant.</p>
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|
<p>This is achieved by defining a series of <em>N</em> transparent walls along
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|
the flow <em>axis</em> direction. Each wall is at the specified position
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|
listed in the <em>coords</em> argument. Note that an additional transparent
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|
wall is defined by the code at the boundary of the (periodic)
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simulation domain in the <em>axis</em> direction. So there are effectively
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N+1 walls.</p>
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|
<p>Each time a particle in the specified group passes through one of the
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|
transparent walls, its velocity is re-assigned. Particles not in the
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|
group do not interact with the wall. This can be used, for example, to
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|
add obstacles composed of atoms, or to simulate a solution of complex
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molecules in a one-atom liquid (note that the fix has been tested for
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|
one-atom systems only).</p>
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<p>Conceptually, the velocity re-assignment represents creation of a new
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|
particle within the system with simultaneous removal of the particle
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|
which passed through the wall. The velocity components in directions
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|
parallel to the wall are re-assigned according to the standard Maxwell
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|
velocity distribution for the specified temperature <em>T</em>. The velocity
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|
component perpendicular to the wall is re-assigned according to the
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|
shifted Maxwell distribution defined above:</p>
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|
<div class="math notranslate nohighlight">
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|
\[f_{\text{a generated}}(v_a) \propto v_a f_a(v_a)\]</div>
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<p>It can be shown that for an ideal-gas scenario this procedure makes
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the velocity distribution of particles between walls exactly as
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|
desired.</p>
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<p>Since in most cases simulated systems are not an ideal gas, multiple
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walls can be defined, since a single wall may not be sufficient for
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|
maintaining a stationary flow without “congestion” which can manifest
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itself as regions in the flow with increased particle density located
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upstream from static obstacles.</p>
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<p>For the same reason, the actual temperature and velocity of the
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generated flow may differ from what is requested. The degree of
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discrepancy is determined by how different from an ideal gas the
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simulated system is. Therefore, a calibration procedure may be
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required for such a system as described in <a class="reference internal" href="#fbc-pavlov2"><span class="std std-ref">(Pavlov)</span></a>.</p>
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<p>Note that the interactions between particles on different sides of a
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transparent wall are not disabled or neglected. Likewise particle
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positions are not altered by the velocity reassignment. This removes
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the need to modify the force field to work correctly in cases when a
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particle is close to a wall.</p>
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<p>For example, if particle positions were uniformly redistributed across
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the surface of a wall, two particles could end up too close to each
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other, potentially causing the simulation to explode. However due to
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|
this compromise, some collective phenomena such as regions with
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|
increased/decreased density or collective movements are not fully
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removed when particles cross a wall. This unwanted consequence can
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also be potentially mitigated by using more multiple walls.</p>
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<div class="admonition note">
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|
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
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<p>When the specified flow has a high velocity, a lost atoms error can
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occur (see <a class="reference internal" href="Errors_messages.html"><span class="doc">error messages</span></a>). If this
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|
happens, you should ensure the checks for neighbor list rebuilds,
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set via the <a class="reference internal" href="neigh_modify.html"><span class="doc">neigh_modify</span></a> command, are as
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conservative as possible (every timestep if needed). Those are the
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default settings.</p>
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</div>
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<hr class="docutils" />
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<p>Styles with a <em>gpu</em>, <em>intel</em>, <em>kk</em>, <em>omp</em>, or <em>opt</em> suffix are
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|
functionally the same as the corresponding style without the suffix.
|
|
They have been optimized to run faster, depending on your available
|
|
hardware, as discussed on the <a class="reference internal" href="Speed_packages.html"><span class="doc">Accelerator packages</span></a>
|
|
page. The accelerated styles take the same arguments and should
|
|
produce the same results, except for round-off and precision issues.</p>
|
|
<p>These accelerated styles are part of the GPU, INTEL, KOKKOS,
|
|
OPENMP, and OPT packages, respectively. They are only enabled if
|
|
LAMMPS was built with those packages. See the <a class="reference internal" href="Build_package.html"><span class="doc">Build package</span></a> page for more info.</p>
|
|
<p>You can specify the accelerated styles explicitly in your input script
|
|
by including their suffix, or you can use the <a class="reference internal" href="Run_options.html"><span class="doc">-suffix command-line switch</span></a> when you invoke LAMMPS, or you can use the
|
|
<a class="reference internal" href="suffix.html"><span class="doc">suffix</span></a> command in your input script.</p>
|
|
<p>See the <a class="reference internal" href="Speed_packages.html"><span class="doc">Accelerator packages</span></a> page for more
|
|
instructions on how to use the accelerated styles effectively.</p>
|
|
</section>
|
|
<hr class="docutils" />
|
|
<section id="restart-fix-modify-output-run-start-stop-minimize-info">
|
|
<h2>Restart, fix_modify, output, run start/stop, minimize info<a class="headerlink" href="#restart-fix-modify-output-run-start-stop-minimize-info" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
|
|
<p>No information about this fix is written to <a class="reference internal" href="restart.html"><span class="doc">binary restart files</span></a>.</p>
|
|
<p>None of the <a class="reference internal" href="fix_modify.html"><span class="doc">fix_modify</span></a> options are relevant to
|
|
this fix.</p>
|
|
<p>No global or per-atom quantities are stored by this fix for access by
|
|
various <a class="reference internal" href="Howto_output.html"><span class="doc">output commands</span></a>.</p>
|
|
<p>No parameter of this fix can be used with the <em>start/stop</em> keywords of
|
|
the <a class="reference internal" href="run.html"><span class="doc">run</span></a> command.</p>
|
|
<p>This fix is not invoked during <a class="reference internal" href="minimize.html"><span class="doc">energy minimization</span></a>.</p>
|
|
</section>
|
|
<section id="restrictions">
|
|
<h2>Restrictions<a class="headerlink" href="#restrictions" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
|
|
<p>Fix <em>wall_flow</em> is part of the EXTRA-FIX package. It is only enabled
|
|
if LAMMPS was built with that package. See the <a class="reference internal" href="Build_package.html"><span class="doc">Build package</span></a> page for more info.</p>
|
|
<p>Flow boundary conditions should not be used with rigid bodies such as
|
|
those defined by a “fix rigid” command.</p>
|
|
<p>This fix can only be used with periodic boundary conditions along the
|
|
flow axis. The size of the box in this direction must not change. Also,
|
|
the fix is designed to work only in an orthogonal simulation box.</p>
|
|
</section>
|
|
<section id="related-commands">
|
|
<h2>Related commands<a class="headerlink" href="#related-commands" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
|
|
<p><a class="reference internal" href="fix_wall.html"><span class="doc">fix wall/reflect</span></a> command</p>
|
|
</section>
|
|
<section id="default">
|
|
<h2>Default<a class="headerlink" href="#default" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
|
|
<p>The default for the units keyword is lattice.</p>
|
|
<hr class="docutils" />
|
|
<p id="fbc-pavlov1"><strong>(Pavlov1)</strong> Pavlov, Kolotinskii, Stegailov, “GPU-Based Molecular Dynamics of Turbulent Liquid Flows with OpenMM”, Proceedings of PPAM-2022, LNCS (Springer), vol. 13826, pp. 346-358 (2023)</p>
|
|
<p id="fbc-pavlov2"><strong>(Pavlov2)</strong> Pavlov, Galigerov, Kolotinskii, Nikolskiy, Stegailov, “GPU-based Molecular Dynamics of Fluid Flows: Reaching for Turbulence”, Int. J. High Perf. Comp. Appl., (2024)</p>
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</section>
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</section>
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