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644 lines
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<title>pair_style local/density command — LAMMPS documentation</title>
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<div class="lammps_version">Version: <b>19 Nov 2024</b></div>
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<p class="caption" role="heading"><span class="caption-text">User Guide</span></p>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="Intro.html">1. Introduction</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="Install.html">2. Install LAMMPS</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="Build.html">3. Build LAMMPS</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="Run_head.html">4. Run LAMMPS</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="Commands.html">5. Commands</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="Packages.html">6. Optional packages</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="Speed.html">7. Accelerate performance</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="Howto.html">8. Howto discussions</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="Examples.html">9. Example scripts</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="Tools.html">10. Auxiliary tools</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="Errors.html">11. Errors</a></li>
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<p class="caption" role="heading"><span class="caption-text">Programmer Guide</span></p>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="Library.html">1. LAMMPS Library Interfaces</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="Python_head.html">2. Use Python with LAMMPS</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="Modify.html">3. Modifying & extending LAMMPS</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="Developer.html">4. Information for Developers</a></li>
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</ul>
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<p class="caption" role="heading"><span class="caption-text">Command Reference</span></p>
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<ul class="current">
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="commands_list.html">Commands</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="fixes.html">Fix Styles</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="computes.html">Compute Styles</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="reference internal" href="pairs.html">Pair Styles</a><ul class="current">
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_adp.html">pair_style adp command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_agni.html">pair_style agni command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_aip_water_2dm.html">pair_style aip/water/2dm command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_airebo.html">pair_style airebo command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_airebo.html#pair-style-airebo-morse-command">pair_style airebo/morse command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_airebo.html#pair-style-rebo-command">pair_style rebo command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_amoeba.html">pair_style amoeba command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_amoeba.html#pair-style-hippo-command">pair_style hippo command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_atm.html">pair_style atm command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_awpmd.html">pair_style awpmd/cut command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_beck.html">pair_style beck command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_body_nparticle.html">pair_style body/nparticle command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_body_rounded_polygon.html">pair_style body/rounded/polygon command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_body_rounded_polyhedron.html">pair_style body/rounded/polyhedron command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_bop.html">pair_style bop command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_born.html">pair_style born command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_born.html#pair-style-born-coul-long-command">pair_style born/coul/long command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_born.html#pair-style-born-coul-msm-command">pair_style born/coul/msm command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_born.html#pair-style-born-coul-wolf-command">pair_style born/coul/wolf command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_born.html#pair-style-born-coul-dsf-command">pair_style born/coul/dsf command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_born_gauss.html">pair_style born/gauss command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_bpm_spring.html">pair_style bpm/spring command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_brownian.html">pair_style brownian command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_brownian.html#pair-style-brownian-poly-command">pair_style brownian/poly command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_buck.html">pair_style buck command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_buck.html#pair-style-buck-coul-cut-command">pair_style buck/coul/cut command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_buck.html#pair-style-buck-coul-long-command">pair_style buck/coul/long command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_buck.html#pair-style-buck-coul-msm-command">pair_style buck/coul/msm command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_buck6d_coul_gauss.html">pair_style buck6d/coul/gauss/dsf command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_buck6d_coul_gauss.html#pair-style-buck6d-coul-gauss-long-command">pair_style buck6d/coul/gauss/long command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_buck_long.html">pair_style buck/long/coul/long command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_charmm.html">pair_style lj/charmm/coul/charmm command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_charmm.html#pair-style-lj-charmm-coul-charmm-implicit-command">pair_style lj/charmm/coul/charmm/implicit command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_charmm.html#pair-style-lj-charmm-coul-long-command">pair_style lj/charmm/coul/long command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_charmm.html#pair-style-lj-charmm-coul-msm-command">pair_style lj/charmm/coul/msm command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_charmm.html#pair-style-lj-charmmfsw-coul-charmmfsh-command">pair_style lj/charmmfsw/coul/charmmfsh command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_charmm.html#pair-style-lj-charmmfsw-coul-long-command">pair_style lj/charmmfsw/coul/long command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_class2.html">pair_style lj/class2 command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_class2.html#pair-style-lj-class2-coul-cut-command">pair_style lj/class2/coul/cut command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_class2.html#pair-style-lj-class2-coul-long-command">pair_style lj/class2/coul/long command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_colloid.html">pair_style colloid command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_comb.html">pair_style comb command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_comb.html#pair-style-comb3-command">pair_style comb3 command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_cosine_squared.html">pair_style cosine/squared command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_coul.html">pair_style coul/cut command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_coul.html#pair-style-coul-cut-global-command">pair_style coul/cut/global command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_coul.html#pair-style-coul-ctip-command">pair_style coul/ctip command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_coul.html#pair-style-coul-debye-command">pair_style coul/debye command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_coul.html#pair-style-coul-dsf-command">pair_style coul/dsf command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_coul.html#pair-style-coul-exclude-command">pair_style coul/exclude command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_coul.html#pair-style-coul-long-command">pair_style coul/long command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_coul.html#pair-style-coul-msm-command">pair_style coul/msm command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_coul.html#pair-style-coul-streitz-command">pair_style coul/streitz command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_coul.html#pair-style-coul-wolf-command">pair_style coul/wolf command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_coul.html#pair-style-tip4p-cut-command">pair_style tip4p/cut command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_coul.html#pair-style-tip4p-long-command">pair_style tip4p/long command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_coul_diel.html">pair_style coul/diel command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_coul_shield.html">pair_style coul/shield command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_coul_slater.html">pair_style coul/slater command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_coul_slater.html#pair-style-coul-slater-cut-command">pair_style coul/slater/cut command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_coul_slater.html#pair-style-coul-slater-long-command">pair_style coul/slater/long command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_coul_tt.html">pair_style coul/tt command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_cs.html">pair_style born/coul/dsf/cs command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_cs.html#pair-style-born-coul-long-cs-command">pair_style born/coul/long/cs command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_cs.html#pair-style-born-coul-wolf-cs-command">pair_style born/coul/wolf/cs command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_cs.html#pair-style-buck-coul-long-cs-command">pair_style buck/coul/long/cs command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_cs.html#pair-style-coul-long-cs-command">pair_style coul/long/cs command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_cs.html#pair-style-coul-wolf-cs-command">pair_style coul/wolf/cs command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_cs.html#pair-style-lj-cut-coul-long-cs-command">pair_style lj/cut/coul/long/cs command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_cs.html#pair-style-lj-class2-coul-long-cs-command">pair_style lj/class2/coul/long/cs command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_dielectric.html">pair_style coul/cut/dielectric command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_dielectric.html#pair-style-coul-long-dielectric-command">pair_style coul/long/dielectric command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_dielectric.html#pair-style-lj-cut-coul-cut-dielectric-command">pair_style lj/cut/coul/cut/dielectric command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_dielectric.html#pair-style-lj-cut-coul-debye-dielectric-command">pair_style lj/cut/coul/debye/dielectric command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_dielectric.html#pair-style-lj-cut-coul-long-dielectric-command">pair_style lj/cut/coul/long/dielectric command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_dielectric.html#pair-style-lj-cut-coul-msm-dielectric-command">pair_style lj/cut/coul/msm/dielectric command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_dielectric.html#pair-style-lj-long-coul-long-dielectric-command">pair_style lj/long/coul/long/dielectric command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_dipole.html">pair_style lj/cut/dipole/cut command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_dipole.html#pair-style-lj-sf-dipole-sf-command">pair_style lj/sf/dipole/sf command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_dipole.html#pair-style-lj-cut-dipole-long-command">pair_style lj/cut/dipole/long command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_dipole.html#pair-style-lj-long-dipole-long-command">pair_style lj/long/dipole/long command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_dpd.html">pair_style dpd command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_dpd.html#pair-style-dpd-tstat-command">pair_style dpd/tstat command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_dpd_coul_slater_long.html">pair_style dpd/coul/slater/long command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_dpd_ext.html">pair_style dpd/ext command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_dpd_ext.html#pair-style-dpd-ext-tstat-command">pair_style dpd/ext/tstat command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_dpd_fdt.html">pair_style dpd/fdt command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_dpd_fdt.html#pair-style-dpd-fdt-energy-command">pair_style dpd/fdt/energy command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_drip.html">pair_style drip command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_dsmc.html">pair_style dsmc command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_e3b.html">pair_style e3b command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_eam.html">pair_style eam command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_eam.html#pair-style-eam-alloy-command">pair_style eam/alloy command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_eam.html#pair-style-eam-cd-command">pair_style eam/cd command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_eam.html#pair-style-eam-cd-old-command">pair_style eam/cd/old command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_eam.html#pair-style-eam-fs-command">pair_style eam/fs command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_eam.html#pair-style-eam-he-command">pair_style eam/he command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_edip.html">pair_style edip command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_edip.html#pair-style-edip-multi-command">pair_style edip/multi command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_eff.html">pair_style eff/cut command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_eim.html">pair_style eim command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_exp6_rx.html">pair_style exp6/rx command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_extep.html">pair_style extep command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_fep_soft.html">pair_style lj/cut/soft command</a></li>
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|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_fep_soft.html#pair-style-lj-cut-coul-cut-soft-command">pair_style lj/cut/coul/cut/soft command</a></li>
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|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_fep_soft.html#pair-style-lj-cut-coul-long-soft-command">pair_style lj/cut/coul/long/soft command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_fep_soft.html#pair-style-lj-cut-tip4p-long-soft-command">pair_style lj/cut/tip4p/long/soft command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_fep_soft.html#pair-style-lj-charmm-coul-long-soft-command">pair_style lj/charmm/coul/long/soft command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_fep_soft.html#pair-style-lj-class2-soft-command">pair_style lj/class2/soft command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_fep_soft.html#pair-style-lj-class2-coul-cut-soft-command">pair_style lj/class2/coul/cut/soft command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_fep_soft.html#pair-style-lj-class2-coul-long-soft-command">pair_style lj/class2/coul/long/soft command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_fep_soft.html#pair-style-coul-cut-soft-command">pair_style coul/cut/soft command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_fep_soft.html#pair-style-coul-long-soft-command">pair_style coul/long/soft command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_fep_soft.html#pair-style-tip4p-long-soft-command">pair_style tip4p/long/soft command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_fep_soft.html#pair-style-morse-soft-command">pair_style morse/soft command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_gauss.html">pair_style gauss command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_gauss.html#pair-style-gauss-cut-command">pair_style gauss/cut command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_gayberne.html">pair_style gayberne command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_gran.html">pair_style gran/hooke command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_gran.html#pair-style-gran-hooke-history-command">pair_style gran/hooke/history command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_gran.html#pair-style-gran-hertz-history-command">pair_style gran/hertz/history command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_granular.html">pair_style granular command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_gromacs.html">pair_style lj/gromacs command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_gromacs.html#pair-style-lj-gromacs-coul-gromacs-command">pair_style lj/gromacs/coul/gromacs command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_gw.html">pair_style gw command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_gw.html#pair-style-gw-zbl-command">pair_style gw/zbl command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_harmonic_cut.html">pair_style harmonic/cut command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_hbond_dreiding.html">pair_style hbond/dreiding/lj command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_hbond_dreiding.html#pair-style-hbond-dreiding-morse-command">pair_style hbond/dreiding/morse command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_hdnnp.html">pair_style hdnnp command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_hybrid.html">pair_style hybrid command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_hybrid.html#pair-style-hybrid-molecular-command">pair_style hybrid/molecular command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_hybrid.html#pair-style-hybrid-overlay-command">pair_style hybrid/overlay command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_hybrid.html#pair-style-hybrid-scaled-command">pair_style hybrid/scaled command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_ilp_graphene_hbn.html">pair_style ilp/graphene/hbn command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_ilp_tmd.html">pair_style ilp/tmd command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_kim.html">pair_style kim command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_kolmogorov_crespi_full.html">pair_style kolmogorov/crespi/full command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_kolmogorov_crespi_z.html">pair_style kolmogorov/crespi/z command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_lcbop.html">pair_style lcbop command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_lebedeva_z.html">pair_style lebedeva/z command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_lepton.html">pair_style lepton command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_line_lj.html">pair_style line/lj command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_list.html">pair_style list command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_lj.html">pair_style lj/cut command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_lj96.html">pair_style lj96/cut command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_lj_cubic.html">pair_style lj/cubic command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_lj_cut_coul.html">pair_style lj/cut/coul/cut command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_lj_cut_coul.html#pair-style-lj-cut-coul-debye-command">pair_style lj/cut/coul/debye command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_lj_cut_coul.html#pair-style-lj-cut-coul-dsf-command">pair_style lj/cut/coul/dsf command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_lj_cut_coul.html#pair-style-lj-cut-coul-long-command">pair_style lj/cut/coul/long command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_lj_cut_coul.html#pair-style-lj-cut-coul-msm-command">pair_style lj/cut/coul/msm command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_lj_cut_coul.html#pair-style-lj-cut-coul-wolf-command">pair_style lj/cut/coul/wolf command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_lj_cut_sphere.html">pair_style lj/cut/sphere command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_lj_cut_tip4p.html">pair_style lj/cut/tip4p/cut command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_lj_cut_tip4p.html#pair-style-lj-cut-tip4p-long-command">pair_style lj/cut/tip4p/long command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_lj_expand.html">pair_style lj/expand command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_lj_expand.html#pair-style-lj-expand-coul-long-command">pair_style lj/expand/coul/long command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_lj_expand_sphere.html">pair_style lj/expand/sphere command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_lj_long.html">pair_style lj/long/coul/long command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_lj_long.html#pair-style-lj-long-tip4p-long-command">pair_style lj/long/tip4p/long command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_lj_relres.html">pair_style lj/relres command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_lj_smooth.html">pair_style lj/smooth command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_lj_smooth_linear.html">pair_style lj/smooth/linear command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_lj_switch3_coulgauss_long.html">pair_style lj/switch3/coulgauss/long command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_lj_switch3_coulgauss_long.html#pair-style-mm3-switch3-coulgauss-long-command">pair_style mm3/switch3/coulgauss/long command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="#">pair_style local/density command</a><ul>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#syntax">Syntax</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#examples">Examples</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#description">Description</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#mixing-shift-table-tail-correction-restart-rrespa-info">Mixing, shift, table, tail correction, restart, rRESPA info</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#restrictions">Restrictions</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#related-commands">Related commands</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#default">Default</a></li>
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|
</ul>
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|
</li>
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|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_lubricate.html">pair_style lubricate command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_lubricate.html#pair-style-lubricate-poly-command">pair_style lubricate/poly command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_lubricateU.html">pair_style lubricateU command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_lubricateU.html#pair-style-lubricateu-poly-command">pair_style lubricateU/poly command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_mdf.html">pair_style lj/mdf command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_mdf.html#pair-style-buck-mdf-command">pair_style buck/mdf command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_mdf.html#pair-style-lennard-mdf-command">pair_style lennard/mdf command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_meam.html">pair_style meam command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_meam.html#pair-style-meam-ms-command">pair_style meam/ms command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_meam_spline.html">pair_style meam/spline command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_meam_sw_spline.html">pair_style meam/sw/spline command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_mesocnt.html">pair_style mesocnt command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_mesocnt.html#pair-style-mesocnt-viscous-command">pair_style mesocnt/viscous command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_mesodpd.html">pair_style edpd command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_mesodpd.html#pair-style-mdpd-command">pair_style mdpd command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_mesodpd.html#pair-style-mdpd-rhosum-command">pair_style mdpd/rhosum command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_mesodpd.html#pair-style-tdpd-command">pair_style tdpd command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_mgpt.html">pair_style mgpt command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_mie.html">pair_style mie/cut command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_mliap.html">pair_style mliap command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_momb.html">pair_style momb command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_morse.html">pair_style morse command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_morse.html#pair-style-morse-smooth-linear-command">pair_style morse/smooth/linear command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_multi_lucy.html">pair_style multi/lucy command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_multi_lucy_rx.html">pair_style multi/lucy/rx command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_nb3b.html">pair_style nb3b/harmonic command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_nb3b.html#pair-style-nb3b-screened-command">pair_style nb3b/screened command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_nm.html">pair_style nm/cut command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_nm.html#pair-style-nm-cut-split-command">pair_style nm/cut/split command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_nm.html#pair-style-nm-cut-coul-cut-command">pair_style nm/cut/coul/cut command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_nm.html#pair-style-nm-cut-coul-long-command">pair_style nm/cut/coul/long command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_none.html">pair_style none command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_oxdna.html">pair_style oxdna/excv command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_oxdna.html#pair-style-oxdna-stk-command">pair_style oxdna/stk command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_oxdna.html#pair-style-oxdna-hbond-command">pair_style oxdna/hbond command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_oxdna.html#pair-style-oxdna-xstk-command">pair_style oxdna/xstk command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_oxdna.html#pair-style-oxdna-coaxstk-command">pair_style oxdna/coaxstk command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_oxdna2.html">pair_style oxdna2/excv command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_oxdna2.html#pair-style-oxdna2-stk-command">pair_style oxdna2/stk command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_oxdna2.html#pair-style-oxdna2-hbond-command">pair_style oxdna2/hbond command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_oxdna2.html#pair-style-oxdna2-xstk-command">pair_style oxdna2/xstk command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_oxdna2.html#pair-style-oxdna2-coaxstk-command">pair_style oxdna2/coaxstk command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_oxdna2.html#pair-style-oxdna2-dh-command">pair_style oxdna2/dh command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_oxrna2.html">pair_style oxrna2/excv command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_oxrna2.html#pair-style-oxrna2-stk-command">pair_style oxrna2/stk command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_oxrna2.html#pair-style-oxrna2-hbond-command">pair_style oxrna2/hbond command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_oxrna2.html#pair-style-oxrna2-xstk-command">pair_style oxrna2/xstk command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_oxrna2.html#pair-style-oxrna2-coaxstk-command">pair_style oxrna2/coaxstk command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_oxrna2.html#pair-style-oxrna2-dh-command">pair_style oxrna2/dh command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_pace.html">pair_style pace command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_pace.html#pair-style-pace-extrapolation-command">pair_style pace/extrapolation command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_pedone.html">pair_style pedone command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_peri.html">pair_style peri/pmb command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_peri.html#pair-style-peri-lps-command">pair_style peri/lps command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_peri.html#pair-style-peri-ves-command">pair_style peri/ves command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_peri.html#pair-style-peri-eps-command">pair_style peri/eps command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_pod.html">pair_style pod command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_polymorphic.html">pair_style polymorphic command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_python.html">pair_style python command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_quip.html">pair_style quip command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_rann.html">pair_style rann command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_reaxff.html">pair_style reaxff command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_rebomos.html">pair_style rebomos command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_resquared.html">pair_style resquared command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_rheo.html">pair_style rheo command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_rheo_solid.html">pair_style rheo/solid command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_saip_metal.html">pair_style saip/metal command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_sdpd_taitwater_isothermal.html">pair_style sdpd/taitwater/isothermal command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_smatb.html">pair_style smatb command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_smatb.html#pair-style-smatb-single-command">pair_style smatb/single command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_smd_hertz.html">pair_style smd/hertz command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_smd_tlsph.html">pair_style smd/tlsph command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_smd_triangulated_surface.html">pair_style smd/tri_surface command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_smd_ulsph.html">pair_style smd/ulsph command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_smtbq.html">pair_style smtbq command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_snap.html">pair_style snap command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_soft.html">pair_style soft command</a></li>
|
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_sph_heatconduction.html">pair_style sph/heatconduction command</a></li>
|
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_sph_idealgas.html">pair_style sph/idealgas command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_sph_lj.html">pair_style sph/lj command</a></li>
|
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_sph_rhosum.html">pair_style sph/rhosum command</a></li>
|
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_sph_taitwater.html">pair_style sph/taitwater command</a></li>
|
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_sph_taitwater_morris.html">pair_style sph/taitwater/morris command</a></li>
|
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_spica.html">pair_style lj/spica command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_spica.html#pair-style-lj-spica-coul-long-command">pair_style lj/spica/coul/long command</a></li>
|
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_spica.html#pair-style-lj-spica-coul-msm-command">pair_style lj/spica/coul/msm command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_spin_dipole.html">pair_style spin/dipole/cut command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_spin_dipole.html#pair-style-spin-dipole-long-command">pair_style spin/dipole/long command</a></li>
|
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_spin_dmi.html">pair_style spin/dmi command</a></li>
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_spin_exchange.html">pair_style spin/exchange command</a></li>
|
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_spin_exchange.html#pair-style-spin-exchange-biquadratic-command">pair_style spin/exchange/biquadratic command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_spin_magelec.html">pair_style spin/magelec command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_spin_neel.html">pair_style spin/neel command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_srp.html">pair_style srp command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_srp.html#pair-style-srp-react-command">pair_style srp/react command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_sw.html">pair_style sw command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_sw.html#pair-style-sw-mod-command">pair_style sw/mod command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_sw_angle_table.html">pair_style sw/angle/table command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_table.html">pair_style table command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_table_rx.html">pair_style table/rx command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_tersoff.html">pair_style tersoff command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_tersoff.html#pair-style-tersoff-table-command">pair_style tersoff/table command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_tersoff_mod.html">pair_style tersoff/mod command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_tersoff_mod.html#pair-style-tersoff-mod-c-command">pair_style tersoff/mod/c command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_tersoff_zbl.html">pair_style tersoff/zbl command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_thole.html">pair_style thole command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_thole.html#pair-style-lj-cut-thole-long-command">pair_style lj/cut/thole/long command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_threebody_table.html">pair_style threebody/table command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_tracker.html">pair_style tracker command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_tri_lj.html">pair_style tri/lj command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_uf3.html">pair_style uf3 command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_ufm.html">pair_style ufm command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_vashishta.html">pair_style vashishta command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_vashishta.html#pair-style-vashishta-table-command">pair_style vashishta/table command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_wf_cut.html">pair_style wf/cut command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_ylz.html">pair_style ylz command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_yukawa.html">pair_style yukawa command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_yukawa_colloid.html">pair_style yukawa/colloid command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_zbl.html">pair_style zbl command</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pair_zero.html">pair_style zero command</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="bonds.html">Bond Styles</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="angles.html">Angle Styles</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="dihedrals.html">Dihedral Styles</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="impropers.html">Improper Styles</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="dumps.html">Dump Styles</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="fix_modify_atc_commands.html">fix_modify AtC commands</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="Bibliography.html">Bibliography</a></li>
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<li class="breadcrumb-item active">pair_style local/density command</li>
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<a href="https://www.lammps.org"><img src="_static/lammps-logo.png" width="64" height="16" alt="LAMMPS Homepage"></a> | <a href="Commands_all.html">Commands</a>
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<div role="main" class="document" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/Article">
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<div itemprop="articleBody">
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<p><span class="math notranslate nohighlight">\(\renewcommand{\AA}{\text{Å}}\)</span></p>
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<section id="pair-style-local-density-command">
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<span id="index-0"></span><h1>pair_style local/density command<a class="headerlink" href="#pair-style-local-density-command" title="Link to this heading"></a></h1>
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<section id="syntax">
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<h2>Syntax<a class="headerlink" href="#syntax" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
|
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<div class="highlight-LAMMPS notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">pair_style</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">style</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">arg</span>
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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<ul class="simple">
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<li><p>style = <em>local/density</em></p></li>
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<li><p>arg = name of file containing tabulated values of local density and the potential</p></li>
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</ul>
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</section>
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<section id="examples">
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|
<h2>Examples<a class="headerlink" href="#examples" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
|
|
<div class="highlight-LAMMPS notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">pair_style</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">local</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">density</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">benzene_water.localdensity.table</span>
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|
|
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<span class="k">pair_style</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hybrid</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">overlay</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">table</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">spline</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">500</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">local</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">density</span>
|
|
<span class="k">pair_coeff</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">local</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">density</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">benzene_water.localdensity.table</span>
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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</section>
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<section id="description">
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<h2>Description<a class="headerlink" href="#description" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
|
|
<p>The local density (LD) potential is a mean-field manybody potential,
|
|
and, in some way, a generalization of embedded atom models (EAM). The
|
|
name “local density potential” arises from the fact that it assigns an
|
|
energy to an atom depending on the number of neighboring atoms of a
|
|
given type around it within a predefined spherical volume (i.e., within
|
|
the cutoff). The bottom-up coarse-graining (CG) literature suggests
|
|
that such potentials can be widely useful in capturing effective
|
|
multibody forces in a computationally efficient manner and thus improve
|
|
the quality of CG models of implicit solvation <a class="reference internal" href="#sanyal1"><span class="std std-ref">(Sanyal1)</span></a> and phase-segregation in liquid mixtures <a class="reference internal" href="#sanyal2"><span class="std std-ref">(Sanyal2)</span></a>, and provide guidelines to determine the extent of manybody
|
|
correlations present in a CG model <a class="reference internal" href="#rosenberger"><span class="std std-ref">(Rosenberger)</span></a>.
|
|
The LD potential in LAMMPS is primarily intended to be used as a
|
|
corrective potential over traditional pair potentials in bottom-up CG
|
|
models via <a class="reference internal" href="pair_hybrid.html"><span class="doc">hybrid/overlay pair style</span></a> with other
|
|
explicit pair interaction terms (e.g., tabulated, Lennard-Jones, Morse
|
|
etc.). Because the LD potential is not a pair potential per se, it is
|
|
implemented simply as a single auxiliary file with all specifications
|
|
that will be read upon initialization.</p>
|
|
<div class="admonition note">
|
|
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
|
|
<p>Thus when used as the only interaction in the system, there is no
|
|
corresponding pair_coeff command and when used with other pair styles using the
|
|
hybrid/overlay option, the corresponding pair_coeff command must be supplied
|
|
* * as placeholders for the atom types.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<hr class="docutils" />
|
|
<p><strong>System with a single CG atom type:</strong></p>
|
|
<p>A system of a single atom type (e.g., LJ argon) with a single local density (LD)
|
|
potential would have an energy given by:</p>
|
|
<div class="math notranslate nohighlight">
|
|
\[U_{LD} = \sum_i F(\rho_i)\]</div>
|
|
<p>where <span class="math notranslate nohighlight">\(\rho_i\)</span> is the LD at atom <em>i</em> and <span class="math notranslate nohighlight">\(F(\rho)\)</span> is
|
|
similar in spirit to the embedding function used in EAM potentials. The
|
|
LD at atom <em>i</em> is given by the sum</p>
|
|
<div class="math notranslate nohighlight">
|
|
\[\rho_i = \sum_{j \neq i} \varphi(r_{ij})\]</div>
|
|
<p>where <span class="math notranslate nohighlight">\(\varphi\)</span> is an indicator function that is one at r=0 and
|
|
zero beyond a cutoff distance R2. The choice of the functional form of
|
|
<span class="math notranslate nohighlight">\(\varphi\)</span> is somewhat arbitrary, but the following piecewise cubic
|
|
function has proven sufficiently general: <a class="reference internal" href="#sanyal1"><span class="std std-ref">(Sanyal1)</span></a>,
|
|
<a class="reference internal" href="#sanyal2"><span class="std std-ref">(Sanyal2)</span></a> <a class="reference internal" href="#rosenberger"><span class="std std-ref">(Rosenberger)</span></a></p>
|
|
<div class="math notranslate nohighlight">
|
|
\[\begin{split}\varphi(r) =
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|
\begin{cases}
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|
1 & r \le R_1 \\
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|
c_0 + c_2r^2 + c_4r^4 + c_6r^6 & r \in (R_1, R_2) \\
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|
0 & r \ge R_2
|
|
\end{cases}\end{split}\]</div>
|
|
<p>The constants <em>c</em> are chosen so that the indicator function smoothly
|
|
interpolates between 1 and 0 between the distances R1 and R2, which are
|
|
called the inner and outer cutoffs, respectively. Thus phi satisfies
|
|
phi(R1) = 1, phi(R2) = dphi/dr @ (r=R1) = dphi/dr @ (r=R2) = 0. The embedding
|
|
function F(rho) may or may not have a closed-form expression. To maintain
|
|
generality, it is practically represented with a spline-interpolated table
|
|
over a predetermined range of rho. Outside of that range it simply adopts zero
|
|
values at the endpoints.</p>
|
|
<p>It can be shown that the total force between two atoms due to the LD potential
|
|
takes the form of a pair force, which motivates its designation as a LAMMPS
|
|
pair style. Please see <a class="reference internal" href="#sanyal1"><span class="std std-ref">(Sanyal1)</span></a> for details of the derivation.</p>
|
|
<hr class="docutils" />
|
|
<p><strong>Systems with arbitrary numbers of atom types:</strong></p>
|
|
<p>The potential is easily generalized to systems involving multiple atom types:</p>
|
|
<div class="math notranslate nohighlight">
|
|
\[U_{LD} = \sum_i a_\alpha F(\rho_i)\]</div>
|
|
<p>with the LD expressed as</p>
|
|
<div class="math notranslate nohighlight">
|
|
\[\rho_i = \sum_{j \neq i} b_\beta \varphi(r_{ij})\]</div>
|
|
<p>where <span class="math notranslate nohighlight">\(\alpha\)</span> gives the type of atom <em>i</em>, <span class="math notranslate nohighlight">\(\beta\)</span> the
|
|
type of atom <em>j</em>, and the coefficients <em>a</em> and <em>b</em> filter for atom
|
|
types as specified by the user. <em>a</em> is called the central atom filter as
|
|
it determines to which atoms the potential applies; <span class="math notranslate nohighlight">\(a_{\alpha} =
|
|
1\)</span> if the LD potential applies to atom type <span class="math notranslate nohighlight">\(\alpha\)</span> else zero. On the
|
|
other hand, <em>b</em> is called the neighbor atom filter because it specifies
|
|
which atom types to use in the calculation of the LD; <span class="math notranslate nohighlight">\(b_{\beta} =
|
|
1\)</span> if atom type <span class="math notranslate nohighlight">\(\beta\)</span> contributes to the LD and zero otherwise.</p>
|
|
<div class="admonition note">
|
|
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
|
|
<p>Note that the potentials need not be symmetric with respect to atom
|
|
types, which is the reason for two distinct sets of coefficients <em>a</em>
|
|
and <em>b</em>. An atom type may contribute to the LD but not the
|
|
potential, or to the potential but not the LD. Such decisions are
|
|
made by the user and should (ideally) be motivated on physical
|
|
grounds for the problem at hand.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<hr class="docutils" />
|
|
<p><strong>General form for implementation in LAMMPS:</strong></p>
|
|
<p>Of course, a system with many atom types may have many different possible LD
|
|
potentials, each with their own atom type filters, cutoffs, and embedding
|
|
functions. The most general form of this potential as implemented in the
|
|
pair_style local/density is:</p>
|
|
<div class="math notranslate nohighlight">
|
|
\[U_{LD} = \sum_k U_{LD}^{(k)} = \sum_i \left[ \sum_k a_\alpha^{(k)} F^{(k)} \left(\rho_i^{(k)}\right) \right]\]</div>
|
|
<p>where, <em>k</em> is an index that spans the (arbitrary) number of applied LD
|
|
potentials N_LD. Each LD is calculated as before with:</p>
|
|
<div class="math notranslate nohighlight">
|
|
\[\rho_i^{(k)} = \sum_j b_\beta^{(k)} \varphi^{(k)} (r_{ij})\]</div>
|
|
<p>The superscript on the indicator function phi simply indicates that it is
|
|
associated with specific values of the cutoff distances R1(k) and R2(k). In
|
|
summary, there may be N_LD distinct LD potentials. With each potential type (k),
|
|
one must specify:</p>
|
|
<ul class="simple">
|
|
<li><p>the inner and outer cutoffs as R1 and R2</p></li>
|
|
<li><p>the central type filter a(k), where k = 1,2,…N_LD</p></li>
|
|
<li><p>the neighbor type filter b(k), where k = 1,2,…N_LD</p></li>
|
|
<li><p>the LD potential function F(k)(rho), typically as a table that is later spline-interpolated</p></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<hr class="docutils" />
|
|
<p><strong>Tabulated input file format:</strong></p>
|
|
<div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>Line 1: comment or blank (ignored)
|
|
Line 2: comment or blank (ignored)
|
|
Line 3: N_LD N_rho (# of LD potentials and # of tabulated values, single space separated)
|
|
Line 4: blank (ignored)
|
|
Line 5: R1(k) R2(k) (lower and upper cutoffs, single space separated)
|
|
Line 6: central-types (central atom types, single space separated)
|
|
Line 7: neighbor-types (neighbor atom types single space separated)
|
|
Line 8: rho_min rho_max drho (min, max and diff. in tabulated rho values, single space separated)
|
|
Line 9: F(k)(rho_min + 0.drho)
|
|
Line 10: F(k)(rho_min + 1.drho)
|
|
Line 11: F(k)(rho_min + 2.drho)
|
|
...
|
|
Line 9+N_rho: F(k)(rho_min + N_rho . drho)
|
|
Line 10+N_rho: blank (ignored)
|
|
|
|
Block 2
|
|
|
|
Block 3
|
|
|
|
Block N_LD
|
|
</pre></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p>Lines 5 to 9+N_rho constitute the first block. Thus the input file is separated
|
|
(by blank lines) into N_LD blocks each representing a separate LD potential and
|
|
each specifying its own upper and lower cutoffs, central and neighbor atoms,
|
|
and potential. In general, blank lines anywhere are ignored.</p>
|
|
</section>
|
|
<hr class="docutils" />
|
|
<section id="mixing-shift-table-tail-correction-restart-rrespa-info">
|
|
<h2>Mixing, shift, table, tail correction, restart, rRESPA info<a class="headerlink" href="#mixing-shift-table-tail-correction-restart-rrespa-info" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
|
|
<p>This pair style does not support automatic mixing. For atom type pairs
|
|
<span class="math notranslate nohighlight">\(\alpha\)</span>, <span class="math notranslate nohighlight">\(\beta\)</span> and <span class="math notranslate nohighlight">\(\alpha\)</span> != <span class="math notranslate nohighlight">\(\beta\)</span>, even
|
|
if LD potentials of type (<span class="math notranslate nohighlight">\(\alpha\)</span>, <span class="math notranslate nohighlight">\(\alpha\)</span>) and
|
|
(<span class="math notranslate nohighlight">\(\beta\)</span>, <span class="math notranslate nohighlight">\(\beta\)</span>) are provided, you will need to explicitly
|
|
provide LD potential types (<span class="math notranslate nohighlight">\(\alpha\)</span>, <span class="math notranslate nohighlight">\(\beta\)</span>) and
|
|
(<span class="math notranslate nohighlight">\(\beta\)</span>, <span class="math notranslate nohighlight">\(\alpha\)</span>) if need be (Here, the notation
|
|
(<span class="math notranslate nohighlight">\(\alpha\)</span>, <span class="math notranslate nohighlight">\(\beta\)</span>) means that <span class="math notranslate nohighlight">\(\alpha\)</span> is the central
|
|
atom to which the LD potential is applied and <span class="math notranslate nohighlight">\(\beta\)</span> is the
|
|
neighbor atom which contributes to the LD potential on <span class="math notranslate nohighlight">\(\alpha\)</span>).</p>
|
|
<p>This pair style does not support the <a class="reference internal" href="pair_modify.html"><span class="doc">pair_modify</span></a>
|
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shift, table, and tail options.</p>
|
|
<p>The local/density pair style does not write its information to <a class="reference internal" href="restart.html"><span class="doc">binary restart files</span></a>, since it is stored in tabulated potential files.
|
|
Thus, you need to re-specify the pair_style and pair_coeff commands in
|
|
an input script that reads a restart file.</p>
|
|
</section>
|
|
<hr class="docutils" />
|
|
<section id="restrictions">
|
|
<h2>Restrictions<a class="headerlink" href="#restrictions" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
|
|
<p>The local/density pair style is a part of the MANYBODY package. It is
|
|
only enabled if LAMMPS was built with that package. See the
|
|
<a class="reference internal" href="Build_package.html"><span class="doc">Build package</span></a> page for more info.</p>
|
|
</section>
|
|
<section id="related-commands">
|
|
<h2>Related commands<a class="headerlink" href="#related-commands" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
|
|
<p><a class="reference internal" href="pair_coeff.html"><span class="doc">pair_coeff</span></a></p>
|
|
</section>
|
|
<section id="default">
|
|
<h2>Default<a class="headerlink" href="#default" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
|
|
<p>none</p>
|
|
<hr class="docutils" />
|
|
<p id="sanyal2"><span id="sanyal1"></span><strong>(Sanyal1)</strong> Sanyal and Shell, Journal of Chemical Physics, 2016, 145 (3), 034109.</p>
|
|
<p><strong>(Sanyal2)</strong> Sanyal and Shell, Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 122 (21), 5678-5693.</p>
|
|
<p id="rosenberger"><strong>(Rosenberger)</strong> Rosenberger, Sanyal, Shell and van der Vegt, Journal of Chemical Physics, 2019, 151 (4), 044111.</p>
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</section>
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