diff --git a/src/lagrangian/cfdemParticle/subModels/chemistryModel/massTransferCoeff/massTransferCoeff.H b/src/lagrangian/cfdemParticle/subModels/chemistryModel/massTransferCoeff/massTransferCoeff.H
index ef059081..927cac8b 100644
--- a/src/lagrangian/cfdemParticle/subModels/chemistryModel/massTransferCoeff/massTransferCoeff.H
+++ b/src/lagrangian/cfdemParticle/subModels/chemistryModel/massTransferCoeff/massTransferCoeff.H
@@ -56,15 +56,15 @@ private:
 
     const fvMesh& mesh_;
 
-    word velFieldName_;
+    const word velFieldName_;
 
     const volVectorField& U_;
 
-    word voidfractionFieldName_;
+    const word voidfractionFieldName_;
 
     const volScalarField& voidfraction_;
 
-    word densityFieldName_;
+    const word densityFieldName_;
 
     const volScalarField& rho_;
 
diff --git a/src/lagrangian/cfdemParticle/subModels/chemistryModel/species/species.H b/src/lagrangian/cfdemParticle/subModels/chemistryModel/species/species.H
index 2b3f310c..53763a17 100644
--- a/src/lagrangian/cfdemParticle/subModels/chemistryModel/species/species.H
+++ b/src/lagrangian/cfdemParticle/subModels/chemistryModel/species/species.H
@@ -72,28 +72,28 @@ private:
 
     volScalarField changeOfGasMassField_;
 
-    word tempFieldName_;
+    const word tempFieldName_;
 
     const volScalarField& tempField_;              // ref to gas temperature field
 
-    word partTempName_;
+    const word partTempName_;
 
-    word densityFieldName_;
+    const word densityFieldName_;
 
     const volScalarField& rho_;
 
-    word partRhoName_;
+    const word partRhoName_;
 
-    word voidfractionFieldName_;
+    const word voidfractionFieldName_;
 
     const volScalarField& voidfraction_;
 
     // total mole field
-    word molarConcFieldName_;
+    const word molarConcFieldName_;
 
     const volScalarField& molarConc_;
 
-    word partMolarConcName_;
+    const word partMolarConcName_;
 
     label loopCounter_;
 
diff --git a/src/lagrangian/cfdemParticle/subModels/energyModel/heatTransferGranConduction/heatTransferGranConduction.H b/src/lagrangian/cfdemParticle/subModels/energyModel/heatTransferGranConduction/heatTransferGranConduction.H
index be5517b4..c98256f9 100644
--- a/src/lagrangian/cfdemParticle/subModels/energyModel/heatTransferGranConduction/heatTransferGranConduction.H
+++ b/src/lagrangian/cfdemParticle/subModels/energyModel/heatTransferGranConduction/heatTransferGranConduction.H
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ protected:
 
     scalar totalHeatFlux_;
 
-    word QPartPartName_;
+    const word QPartPartName_;
 
     volScalarField QPartPart_;
 
@@ -64,15 +64,15 @@ protected:
 
     const volScalarField& partTempField_;
 
-    word prescribedVoidfractionFieldName_;
+    const word prescribedVoidfractionFieldName_;
 
     const volScalarField& prescribedVoidfraction_;
 
-    word voidfractionFieldName_;
+    const word voidfractionFieldName_;
 
     const volScalarField& voidfraction_;
 
-    word partHeatFluxName_;
+    const word partHeatFluxName_;
 
     scalarList typePartThermCond_;
 
diff --git a/src/lagrangian/cfdemParticle/subModels/energyModel/heatTransferGunn/heatTransferGunn.H b/src/lagrangian/cfdemParticle/subModels/energyModel/heatTransferGunn/heatTransferGunn.H
index 0962b523..88f56189 100644
--- a/src/lagrangian/cfdemParticle/subModels/energyModel/heatTransferGunn/heatTransferGunn.H
+++ b/src/lagrangian/cfdemParticle/subModels/energyModel/heatTransferGunn/heatTransferGunn.H
@@ -68,11 +68,11 @@ protected:
 
     scalar NusseltScalingFactor_;
 
-    word QPartFluidName_;
+    const word QPartFluidName_;
 
     volScalarField QPartFluid_;
 
-    word QPartFluidCoeffName_;
+    const word QPartFluidCoeffName_;
 
     volScalarField QPartFluidCoeff_;
 
@@ -90,27 +90,27 @@ protected:
 
     dimensionedScalar partTempAve_;
 
-    word tempFieldName_;
+    const word tempFieldName_;
 
     const volScalarField& tempField_;           // ref to temperature field
 
-    word voidfractionFieldName_;
+    const word voidfractionFieldName_;
 
     const volScalarField& voidfraction_;        // ref to voidfraction field
 
     scalar maxSource_;                          // max (limited) value of src field
 
-    word velFieldName_;
+    const word velFieldName_;
 
     const volVectorField& U_;
 
-    word densityFieldName_;
+    const word densityFieldName_;
 
     const volScalarField& rho_;
 
-    word partTempName_;
+    const word partTempName_;
 
-    word partHeatFluxName_;
+    const word partHeatFluxName_;
 
     const word partHeatFluxCoeffRegName_;
 
diff --git a/src/lagrangian/cfdemParticle/subModels/energyModel/heatTransferRanzMarshall/heatTransferRanzMarshall.H b/src/lagrangian/cfdemParticle/subModels/energyModel/heatTransferRanzMarshall/heatTransferRanzMarshall.H
index 04a7876b..8d9faa19 100644
--- a/src/lagrangian/cfdemParticle/subModels/energyModel/heatTransferRanzMarshall/heatTransferRanzMarshall.H
+++ b/src/lagrangian/cfdemParticle/subModels/energyModel/heatTransferRanzMarshall/heatTransferRanzMarshall.H
@@ -67,11 +67,11 @@ protected:
 
     scalar NusseltScalingFactor_;
 
-    word QPartFluidName_;
+    const word QPartFluidName_;
 
     volScalarField QPartFluid_;
 
-    word QPartFluidCoeffName_;
+    const word QPartFluidCoeffName_;
 
     volScalarField QPartFluidCoeff_;
 
@@ -89,27 +89,27 @@ protected:
 
     dimensionedScalar partTempAve_;
 
-    word tempFieldName_;
+    const word tempFieldName_;
 
     const volScalarField& tempField_;            // ref to temperature field
 
-    word voidfractionFieldName_;
+    const word voidfractionFieldName_;
 
     const volScalarField& voidfraction_;    // ref to voidfraction field
 
     scalar maxSource_;                           // max (limited) value of src field
 
-    word velFieldName_;
+    const word velFieldName_;
 
     const volVectorField& U_;
 
-    word densityFieldName_;
+    const word densityFieldName_;
 
     const volScalarField& rho_;
 
-    word partTempName_;
+    const word partTempName_;
 
-    word partHeatFluxName_;
+    const word partHeatFluxName_;
 
     const word partHeatFluxCoeffRegName_;
 
diff --git a/src/lagrangian/cfdemParticle/subModels/forceModel/particleDeformation/particleDeformation.H b/src/lagrangian/cfdemParticle/subModels/forceModel/particleDeformation/particleDeformation.H
index bb2cbef5..84120c8f 100644
--- a/src/lagrangian/cfdemParticle/subModels/forceModel/particleDeformation/particleDeformation.H
+++ b/src/lagrangian/cfdemParticle/subModels/forceModel/particleDeformation/particleDeformation.H
@@ -55,12 +55,12 @@ private:
 
     mutable bool initialExec_;
 
-    word refFieldName_;
+    const word refFieldName_;
 
     mutable autoPtr<volScalarField> refField_;
 
     // default deformation in region
-    word defaultDeformCellsName_;
+    const word defaultDeformCellsName_;
 
     autoPtr<cellSet> defaultDeformCells_;
 
diff --git a/src/lagrangian/cfdemParticle/subModels/forceModel/potentialRelaxation/potentialRelaxation.H b/src/lagrangian/cfdemParticle/subModels/forceModel/potentialRelaxation/potentialRelaxation.H
index 321f79f4..2bc51dfb 100644
--- a/src/lagrangian/cfdemParticle/subModels/forceModel/potentialRelaxation/potentialRelaxation.H
+++ b/src/lagrangian/cfdemParticle/subModels/forceModel/potentialRelaxation/potentialRelaxation.H
@@ -51,11 +51,11 @@ private:
 
     mutable OFstream recErrorFile_;
 
-    word voidfractionFieldName_;
+    const word voidfractionFieldName_;
 
     const volScalarField& voidfraction_;
 
-    word voidfractionRecFieldName_;
+    const word voidfractionRecFieldName_;
 
     const volScalarField& voidfractionRec_;
 
diff --git a/src/lagrangian/cfdemParticle/subModels/thermCondModel/ZehnerSchluenderThermCond/ZehnerSchluenderThermCond.H b/src/lagrangian/cfdemParticle/subModels/thermCondModel/ZehnerSchluenderThermCond/ZehnerSchluenderThermCond.H
index 05ffcfa2..6d10ccc9 100644
--- a/src/lagrangian/cfdemParticle/subModels/thermCondModel/ZehnerSchluenderThermCond/ZehnerSchluenderThermCond.H
+++ b/src/lagrangian/cfdemParticle/subModels/thermCondModel/ZehnerSchluenderThermCond/ZehnerSchluenderThermCond.H
@@ -54,11 +54,11 @@ private:
 
     dictionary propsDict_;
 
-    word partKsFieldName_;
+    const word partKsFieldName_;
 
     volScalarField& partKsField_;
 
-    word voidfractionFieldName_;
+    const word voidfractionFieldName_;
 
     const volScalarField& voidfraction_;