externalWallHeatFluxTemperature: Removed "mode"

Heat power (Q), heat flux (q) and heat transfer coefficient (h)
can now all be specified simultaneously. Their effects will be summed
into a single heat transfer rate. The "mode" keyword is no longer
required.

src/ThermophysicalTransportModels/derivedFvPatchFields/externalWallHeatFluxTemperature/externalWallHeatFluxTemperatureFvPatchScalarField.C

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   =========                 |
   \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
    \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
-    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011-2021 OpenFOAM Foundation
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011-2022 OpenFOAM Foundation
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
@@ -30,30 +30,6 @@ License
 
 using Foam::constant::physicoChemical::sigma;
 
-// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
-
-namespace Foam
-{
-    template<>
-    const char*
-    NamedEnum
-    <
-        externalWallHeatFluxTemperatureFvPatchScalarField::operationMode,
-        3
-    >::names[] =
-    {
-        "power",
-        "flux",
-        "coefficient"
-    };
-}
-
-const Foam::NamedEnum
-<
-    Foam::externalWallHeatFluxTemperatureFvPatchScalarField::operationMode,
-    3
-> Foam::externalWallHeatFluxTemperatureFvPatchScalarField::operationModeNames;
-
 
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Constructors  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
@@ -66,15 +42,20 @@ externalWallHeatFluxTemperatureFvPatchScalarField
 :
     mixedFvPatchScalarField(p, iF),
     temperatureCoupledBase(patch()),
-    mode_(fixedHeatFlux),
+    haveQ_(false),
-    Q_(0),
+    Q_(NaN),
+    haveq_(false),
+    q_(),
+    haveh_(false),
+    h_(),
     Ta_(),
-    relaxation_(1),
     emissivity_(0),
-    qrRelaxation_(1),
-    qrName_("undefined-qr"),
     thicknessLayers_(),
-    kappaLayers_()
+    kappaLayers_(),
+    relaxation_(1),
+    qrName_(word::null),
+    qrRelaxation_(1),
+    qrPrevious_()
 {
     refValue() = 0;
     refGrad() = 0;
@@ -92,57 +73,50 @@ externalWallHeatFluxTemperatureFvPatchScalarField
 :
     mixedFvPatchScalarField(p, iF),
     temperatureCoupledBase(patch(), dict),
-    mode_(operationModeNames.read(dict.lookup("mode"))),
+    haveQ_(dict.found("Q")),
-    Q_(0),
+    Q_(haveQ_ ? dict.lookup<scalar>("Q") : NaN),
-    Ta_(),
+    haveq_(dict.found("q")),
-    relaxation_(dict.lookupOrDefault<scalar>("relaxation", 1)),
+    q_(haveq_ ? scalarField("q", dict, p.size()) : scalarField()),
+    haveh_(dict.found("h")),
+    h_(haveh_ ? scalarField("h", dict, p.size()) : scalarField()),
+    Ta_(haveh_ ? Function1<scalar>::New("Ta", dict).ptr() : nullptr),
     emissivity_(dict.lookupOrDefault<scalar>("emissivity", 0)),
+    thicknessLayers_
+    (
+        dict.lookupOrDefault<scalarList>("thicknessLayers", scalarList())
+    ),
+    kappaLayers_
+    (
+        dict.lookupOrDefault<scalarList>("kappaLayers", scalarList())
+    ),
+    relaxation_(dict.lookupOrDefault<scalar>("relaxation", 1)),
+    qrName_(dict.lookupOrDefault<word>("qr", word::null)),
     qrRelaxation_(dict.lookupOrDefault<scalar>("qrRelaxation", 1)),
-    qrName_(dict.lookupOrDefault<word>("qr", "none")),
+    qrPrevious_
-    thicknessLayers_(),
+    (
-    kappaLayers_()
+        qrName_ != word::null
+      ? dict.found("qrPrevious")
+      ? scalarField("qrPrevious", dict, p.size())
+      : scalarField(0, p.size())
+      : scalarField()
+    )
 {
-    switch (mode_)
-    {
-        case fixedPower:
-        {
-            dict.lookup("Q") >> Q_;
-
-            break;
-        }
-        case fixedHeatFlux:
-        {
-            q_ = scalarField("q", dict, p.size());
-
-            break;
-        }
-        case fixedHeatTransferCoeff:
-        {
-            h_ = scalarField("h", dict, p.size());
-            Ta_ = Function1<scalar>::New("Ta", dict);
-
-            if (dict.found("thicknessLayers"))
-            {
-                dict.lookup("thicknessLayers") >> thicknessLayers_;
-                dict.lookup("kappaLayers") >> kappaLayers_;
-            }
-
-            break;
-        }
-    }
-
     fvPatchScalarField::operator=(scalarField("value", dict, p.size()));
 
-    if (qrName_ != "none")
+    if (!haveQ_ && !haveq_ && !haveh_)
     {
-        if (dict.found("qrPrevious"))
+        FatalIOErrorInFunction(dict)
-        {
+            << "One or more of Q (heat power), q (heat flux), and h (heat "
-            qrPrevious_ = scalarField("qrPrevious", dict, p.size());
+            << "transfer coefficient) must be specified"
+            << exit(FatalIOError);
     }
-        else
+
+    if (thicknessLayers_.size() != kappaLayers_.size())
     {
-            qrPrevious_.setSize(p.size(), 0);
+        FatalIOErrorInFunction(dict)
-        }
+            << "If either thicknessLayers or kappaLayers is specified, then "
+            << "both must be specified and be lists of the same length "
+            << exit(FatalIOError);
     }
 
     if (dict.found("refValue"))
@@ -173,39 +147,26 @@ externalWallHeatFluxTemperatureFvPatchScalarField
 :
     mixedFvPatchScalarField(ptf, p, iF, mapper),
     temperatureCoupledBase(patch(), ptf),
-    mode_(ptf.mode_),
+    haveQ_(ptf.haveQ_),
     Q_(ptf.Q_),
+    haveq_(ptf.haveq_),
+    q_(haveq_ ? mapper(ptf.q_)() : scalarField()),
+    haveh_(ptf.haveq_),
+    h_(haveh_ ? mapper(ptf.q_)() : scalarField()),
     Ta_(ptf.Ta_, false),
-    relaxation_(ptf.relaxation_),
     emissivity_(ptf.emissivity_),
-    qrRelaxation_(ptf.qrRelaxation_),
-    qrName_(ptf.qrName_),
     thicknessLayers_(ptf.thicknessLayers_),
-    kappaLayers_(ptf.kappaLayers_)
+    kappaLayers_(ptf.kappaLayers_),
-{
+    relaxation_(ptf.relaxation_),
-    switch (mode_)
+    qrName_(ptf.qrName_),
-    {
+    qrRelaxation_(ptf.qrRelaxation_),
-        case fixedPower:
+    qrPrevious_
-        {
+    (
-            break;
+        qrName_ != word::null
-        }
+      ? mapper(ptf.qrPrevious_)()
-        case fixedHeatFlux:
+      : scalarField()
-        {
+    )
-            mapper(q_, ptf.q_);
+{}
-            break;
-        }
-        case fixedHeatTransferCoeff:
-        {
-            mapper(h_, ptf.h_);
-            break;
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (qrName_ != "none")
-    {
-        mapper(qrPrevious_, ptf.qrPrevious_);
-    }
-}
 
 
 Foam::externalWallHeatFluxTemperatureFvPatchScalarField::
@@ -217,18 +178,20 @@ externalWallHeatFluxTemperatureFvPatchScalarField
 :
     mixedFvPatchScalarField(tppsf, iF),
     temperatureCoupledBase(patch(), tppsf),
-    mode_(tppsf.mode_),
+    haveQ_(tppsf.haveQ_),
     Q_(tppsf.Q_),
+    haveq_(tppsf.haveq_),
     q_(tppsf.q_),
+    haveh_(tppsf.haveh_),
     h_(tppsf.h_),
     Ta_(tppsf.Ta_, false),
-    relaxation_(tppsf.relaxation_),
     emissivity_(tppsf.emissivity_),
-    qrPrevious_(tppsf.qrPrevious_),
-    qrRelaxation_(tppsf.qrRelaxation_),
-    qrName_(tppsf.qrName_),
     thicknessLayers_(tppsf.thicknessLayers_),
-    kappaLayers_(tppsf.kappaLayers_)
+    kappaLayers_(tppsf.kappaLayers_),
+    relaxation_(tppsf.relaxation_),
+    qrName_(tppsf.qrName_),
+    qrRelaxation_(tppsf.qrRelaxation_),
+    qrPrevious_(tppsf.qrPrevious_)
 {}
 
 
@@ -241,27 +204,17 @@ void Foam::externalWallHeatFluxTemperatureFvPatchScalarField::autoMap
 {
     mixedFvPatchScalarField::autoMap(m);
 
-    switch (mode_)
+    if (haveq_)
-    {
-        case fixedPower:
-        {
-            break;
-        }
-        case fixedHeatFlux:
     {
         m(q_, q_);
-
-            break;
     }
-        case fixedHeatTransferCoeff:
+
+    if (haveh_)
     {
         m(h_, h_);
-
-            break;
-        }
     }
 
-    if (qrName_ != "none")
+    if (qrName_ != word::null)
     {
         m(qrPrevious_, qrPrevious_);
     }
@@ -279,27 +232,17 @@ void Foam::externalWallHeatFluxTemperatureFvPatchScalarField::rmap
     const externalWallHeatFluxTemperatureFvPatchScalarField& tiptf =
         refCast<const externalWallHeatFluxTemperatureFvPatchScalarField>(ptf);
 
-    switch (mode_)
+    if (haveq_)
-    {
-        case fixedPower:
-        {
-            break;
-        }
-        case fixedHeatFlux:
     {
         q_.rmap(tiptf.q_, addr);
-
-            break;
     }
-        case fixedHeatTransferCoeff:
+
+    if (haveh_)
     {
         h_.rmap(tiptf.h_, addr);
-
-            break;
-        }
     }
 
-    if (qrName_ != "none")
+    if (qrName_ != word::null)
     {
         qrPrevious_.rmap(tiptf.qrPrevious_, addr);
     }
@@ -319,36 +262,36 @@ void Foam::externalWallHeatFluxTemperatureFvPatchScalarField::updateCoeffs()
     const scalarField valueFraction0(valueFraction());
     const scalarField refValue0(refValue());
 
+    // Get the radiative heat flux and relax
     scalarField qr(Tp.size(), 0);
-    if (qrName_ != "none")
+    if (qrName_ != word::null)
     {
         qr =
             qrRelaxation_
            *patch().lookupPatchField<volScalarField, scalar>(qrName_)
           + (1 - qrRelaxation_)*qrPrevious_;
-
         qrPrevious_ = qr;
     }
 
-    switch (mode_)
+    // Compute the total non-convective heat flux
+    scalarField qTot(qr);
+    if (haveQ_)
     {
-        case fixedPower:
+        qTot += Q_;
+    }
+    if (haveq_)
     {
-            refGrad() = (Q_/gSum(patch().magSf()) + qr)/kappa(*this);
+        qTot += q_;
+    }
+
+    // Evaluate
+    if (!haveh_)
+    {
+        refGrad() = qTot/kappa(*this);
         refValue() = Tp;
         valueFraction() = 0;
-
-            break;
     }
-        case fixedHeatFlux:
+    else
-        {
-            refGrad() = (q_ + qr)/kappa(*this);
-            refValue() = Tp;
-            valueFraction() = 0;
-
-            break;
-        }
-        case fixedHeatTransferCoeff:
     {
         scalar totalSolidRes = 0;
         if (thicknessLayers_.size())
@@ -390,32 +333,27 @@ void Foam::externalWallHeatFluxTemperatureFvPatchScalarField::updateCoeffs()
         );
 
         refGrad() = 0;
-
         forAll(Tp, i)
         {
-                if (qr[i] < 0)
+            if (qTot[i] < 0)
             {
-                    const scalar hpmqr = hp[i] - qr[i]/Tp[i];
+                const scalar hpmqTot = hp[i] - qTot[i]/Tp[i];
-
+                refValue()[i] = hpTa[i]/hpmqTot;
-                    refValue()[i] = hpTa[i]/hpmqr;
+                valueFraction()[i] = hpmqTot/(hpmqTot + kappaDeltaCoeffs[i]);
-                    valueFraction()[i] = hpmqr/(hpmqr + kappaDeltaCoeffs[i]);
             }
             else
             {
-                    refValue()[i] = (hpTa[i] + qr[i])/hp[i];
+                refValue()[i] = (hpTa[i] + qTot[i])/hp[i];
                 valueFraction()[i] = hp[i]/(hp[i] + kappaDeltaCoeffs[i]);
             }
         }
-
-            break;
-        }
     }
 
+    // Relax
     valueFraction() =
-        relaxation_*valueFraction()
+        relaxation_*valueFraction() + (1 - relaxation_)*valueFraction0;
-      + (1 - relaxation_)*valueFraction0;
+    refValue() =
-
+        relaxation_*refValue() + (1 - relaxation_)*refValue0;
-    refValue() = relaxation_*refValue() + (1 - relaxation_)*refValue0;
 
     mixedFvPatchScalarField::updateCoeffs();
 
@@ -443,54 +381,45 @@ void Foam::externalWallHeatFluxTemperatureFvPatchScalarField::write
 {
     fvPatchScalarField::write(os);
 
-    writeEntry(os, "mode", operationModeNames[mode_]);
     temperatureCoupledBase::write(os);
 
-    switch (mode_)
+    if (haveQ_)
-    {
-        case fixedPower:
     {
         writeEntry(os, "Q", Q_);
-
-            break;
     }
-        case fixedHeatFlux:
+
+    if (haveq_)
     {
         writeEntry(os, "q", q_);
-
-            break;
     }
-        case fixedHeatTransferCoeff:
+
+    if (haveh_)
     {
         writeEntry(os, "h", h_);
         writeEntry(os, Ta_());
+        writeEntryIfDifferent(os, "emissivity", scalar(0), emissivity_);
+        writeEntryIfDifferent
+        (
+            os,
+            "thicknessLayers",
+            scalarList(),
+            thicknessLayers_
+        );
+        writeEntryIfDifferent
+        (
+            os,
+            "kappaLayers",
+            scalarList(),
+            kappaLayers_
+        );
+    }
 
-            if (relaxation_ < 1)
+    writeEntryIfDifferent(os, "relaxation", scalar(1), relaxation_);
+
+    if (qrName_ != word::null)
     {
-                writeEntry(os, "relaxation", relaxation_);
-            }
-
-            if (emissivity_ > 0)
-            {
-                writeEntry(os, "emissivity", emissivity_);
-            }
-
-            if (thicknessLayers_.size())
-            {
-                writeEntry(os, "thicknessLayers", thicknessLayers_);
-                writeEntry(os, "kappaLayers", kappaLayers_);
-            }
-
-            break;
-        }
-    }
-
         writeEntry(os, "qr", qrName_);
-
-    if (qrName_ != "none")
-    {
         writeEntry(os, "qrRelaxation", qrRelaxation_);
-
         writeEntry(os, "qrPrevious", qrPrevious_);
     }
 

src/ThermophysicalTransportModels/derivedFvPatchFields/externalWallHeatFluxTemperature/externalWallHeatFluxTemperatureFvPatchScalarField.H

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   =========                 |
   \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
    \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
-    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011-2020 OpenFOAM Foundation
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011-2022 OpenFOAM Foundation
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ Class
 
 Description
     This boundary condition applies a heat flux condition to temperature
-    on an external wall in one of three modes:
+    on an external wall. Heat flux can be specified in the following ways:
 
       - fixed power: supply Q
       - fixed heat flux: supply q
@@ -40,8 +40,11 @@ Description
         Ta | Ambient temperature [K]
     \endvartable
 
-    For heat transfer coefficient mode optional thin thermal layer resistances
+    If more than one parameter is given then the heat fluxes are summed.
-    can be specified through thicknessLayers and kappaLayers entries.
+
+    If a heat transfer coefficient is given optional thin thermal layer
+    resistances can be specified through thicknessLayers and kappaLayers
+    entries.
 
     The thermal conductivity \c kappa can either be retrieved from various
     possible sources, as detailed in the class temperatureCoupledBase.
@@ -52,11 +55,10 @@ Description
 Usage
     \table
     Property     | Description                 | Required | Default value
-    mode         | 'power', 'flux' or 'coefficient' | yes |
+    Q            | Power [W]                   | no       | 0
-    Q            | Power [W]                   | for mode 'power'     |
+    q            | Heat flux [W/m^2]           | no       | 0
-    q            | Heat flux [W/m^2]           | for mode 'flux'     |
+    h            | Heat transfer coefficient [W/m^2/K] | no | 0
-    h            | Heat transfer coefficient [W/m^2/K] | for mode 'coefficent' |
+    Ta           | Ambient temperature [K]     | if h is given  |
-    Ta           | Ambient temperature [K]     | for mode 'coefficient' |
     thicknessLayers | Layer thicknesses [m]    | no |
     kappaLayers  | Layer thermal conductivities [W/m/K] | no |
     relaxation   | Relaxation for the wall temperature | no | 1
@@ -71,8 +73,6 @@ Usage
     {
         type            externalWallHeatFluxTemperature;
 
-        mode            coefficient;
-
         Ta              constant 300.0;
         h               uniform 10.0;
         thicknessLayers (0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4);
@@ -112,55 +112,42 @@ class externalWallHeatFluxTemperatureFvPatchScalarField
     public mixedFvPatchScalarField,
     public temperatureCoupledBase
 {
-public:
-
-    // Public data
-
-        //- Operation mode enumeration
-        enum operationMode
-        {
-            fixedPower,
-            fixedHeatFlux,
-            fixedHeatTransferCoeff
-        };
-
-        static const NamedEnum<operationMode, 3> operationModeNames;
-
-
 private:
 
     // Private Data
 
-        //- Operation mode
+        // Heat power
-        operationMode mode_;
+
+            //- Do we have a heat power?
+            bool haveQ_;
 
             //- Heat power [W]
             scalar Q_;
 
+
+        // Heat flux
+
+            //- Do we have a heat flux?
+            bool haveq_;
+
             //- Heat flux [W/m^2]
             scalarField q_;
 
+
+        // Heat transfer coefficient
+
+            //- Do we have a heat transfer coefficient?
+            bool haveh_;
+
             //- Heat transfer coefficient [W/m^2K]
             scalarField h_;
 
             //- Ambient temperature [K]
             autoPtr<Function1<scalar>> Ta_;
 
-        //- Relaxation for the wall temperature (thermal inertia)
-        scalar relaxation_;
-
             //- Optional surface emissivity for radiative transfer to ambient
             scalar emissivity_;
 
-        //- Cache qr for relaxation
-        scalarField qrPrevious_;
-
-        //- Relaxation for qr
-        scalar qrRelaxation_;
-
-        //- Name of the radiative heat flux
-        const word qrName_;
-
             //- Thickness of layers
             scalarList thicknessLayers_;
 
@@ -168,6 +155,22 @@ private:
             scalarList kappaLayers_;
 
 
+        //- Relaxation for the wall temperature (thermal inertia)
+        scalar relaxation_;
+
+
+        // Radiation
+
+            //- Name of the radiative heat flux
+            const word qrName_;
+
+            //- Relaxation for qr
+            scalar qrRelaxation_;
+
+            //- Cache qr for relaxation
+            scalarField qrPrevious_;
+
+
 public:
 
     //- Runtime type information

tutorials/heatTransfer/chtMultiRegionFoam/reverseBurner/0/solid/T

@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@ boundaryField
     external
     {
         type            externalWallHeatFluxTemperature;
-        mode            coefficient;
         h               uniform 1e3;
         Ta              $internalField;
         value           $internalField;