diff --git a/applications/solvers/multiphase/multiphaseEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/breakupModels/LaakkonenAlopaeusAittamaa/LaakkonenAlopaeusAittamaa.C b/applications/solvers/multiphase/multiphaseEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/breakupModels/LaakkonenAlopaeusAittamaa/LaakkonenAlopaeusAittamaa.C index 54eaa2a6b4..05b28132b1 100644 --- a/applications/solvers/multiphase/multiphaseEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/breakupModels/LaakkonenAlopaeusAittamaa/LaakkonenAlopaeusAittamaa.C +++ b/applications/solvers/multiphase/multiphaseEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/breakupModels/LaakkonenAlopaeusAittamaa/LaakkonenAlopaeusAittamaa.C @@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ LaakkonenAlopaeusAittamaa "C1", dict, dimensionSet(0, -2.0/3.0, 0, 0, 0), - 6.0 + 2.25 ) ), C2_(dimensionedScalar::lookupOrDefault("C2", dict, dimless, 0.04)), diff --git a/applications/solvers/multiphase/multiphaseEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/breakupModels/LaakkonenAlopaeusAittamaa/LaakkonenAlopaeusAittamaa.H b/applications/solvers/multiphase/multiphaseEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/breakupModels/LaakkonenAlopaeusAittamaa/LaakkonenAlopaeusAittamaa.H index c2e23af955..1e6be4354f 100644 --- a/applications/solvers/multiphase/multiphaseEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/breakupModels/LaakkonenAlopaeusAittamaa/LaakkonenAlopaeusAittamaa.H +++ b/applications/solvers/multiphase/multiphaseEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/breakupModels/LaakkonenAlopaeusAittamaa/LaakkonenAlopaeusAittamaa.H @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ ========= | \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox \\ / O peration | Website: https://openfoam.org - \\ / A nd | Copyright (C) 2018-2020 OpenFOAM Foundation + \\ / A nd | Copyright (C) 2018-2021 OpenFOAM Foundation \\/ M anipulation | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- License @@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ Class Foam::diameterModels::breakupModels::LaakkonenAlopaeusAittamaa Description - Model of Laakkonen et al. (2006). The total breakup rate is calculated by + Model of Laakkonen et al. (2007). The total breakup rate is calculated by \f[ C_1 \epsilon_c^{1/3} @@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ Description \vartable \sigma | Surface tension [N/m] - v_i | Volume of mother bubble i [m] + v_i | Volume of mother bubble i [m3] \epsilon_c | Turbulent dissipation rate of continuous phase [m^2/s^3] \mu_c | Molecular dynamic viscosity of liquid phase [Pa s] \rho_c | Density of continuous phase [kg/m^3] @@ -53,17 +53,15 @@ Description References: \verbatim - Laakkonen, M., Alopaeus, V., & Aittamaa, J. (2006). - Validation of bubble breakage, coalescence and mass transfer models for - gas-liquid dispersion in agitated vessel. - Chemical engineering science, 61(1), 218-228. - Eq. 2-3, p. 220. + Laakkonen, M., Moilanen, P., Alopaeus, V., & Aittamaa, J. (2007). + Modelling local bubble size distributions in agitated vessels. + Chemical Engineering Science, 62, 721–740. \endverbatim Usage \table Property | Description | Required | Default value - C1 | coefficient C1 | no | 6.0 + C1 | coefficient C1 | no | 2.25 C2 | coefficient C2 | no | 0.04 C3 | coefficient C3 | no | 0.01 daughterSizeDistributionModel | inh. from breakupModel | inherited | @@ -98,7 +96,7 @@ class LaakkonenAlopaeusAittamaa { // Private Data - //- Optional coefficient C1, defaults to 6.0 + //- Optional coefficient C1, defaults to 2.25 dimensionedScalar C1_; //- Optional coefficient C2, defaults to 0.04 diff --git a/applications/solvers/multiphase/multiphaseEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/daughterSizeDistributionModels/LaakkonenAlopaeusAittamaaDsd/LaakkonenAlopaeusAittamaaDsd.C b/applications/solvers/multiphase/multiphaseEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/daughterSizeDistributionModels/LaakkonenAlopaeusAittamaaDsd/LaakkonenAlopaeusAittamaaDsd.C index 7497897c3d..4aaef5929d 100644 --- a/applications/solvers/multiphase/multiphaseEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/daughterSizeDistributionModels/LaakkonenAlopaeusAittamaaDsd/LaakkonenAlopaeusAittamaaDsd.C +++ b/applications/solvers/multiphase/multiphaseEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/daughterSizeDistributionModels/LaakkonenAlopaeusAittamaaDsd/LaakkonenAlopaeusAittamaaDsd.C @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ ========= | \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox \\ / O peration | Website: https://openfoam.org - \\ / A nd | Copyright (C) 2018-2020 OpenFOAM Foundation + \\ / A nd | Copyright (C) 2018-2021 OpenFOAM Foundation \\/ M anipulation | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- License @@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ LaakkonenAlopaeusAittamaaDsd::LaakkonenAlopaeusAittamaaDsd ) : daughterSizeDistributionModel(breakup, dict), - C4_(dimensionedScalar::lookupOrDefault("C4", dict, dimless, 4.3)) + C4_(dimensionedScalar::lookupOrDefault("C4", dict, dimless, 18.25)) {} @@ -81,12 +81,18 @@ LaakkonenAlopaeusAittamaaDsd::antiderivative ) const { return - ( - pow(xk, -C4_ - 3)*pow(xk - v, C4_)*(v - xk)*((C4_ + 1)*(C4_ + 2) - *(C4_ + 3)*pow3(v) - (C4_ + 1)*(C4_ + 2)*(bndr*(C4_ + 4) - 3.0*xk) - *sqr(v) - 2.0*xk*(C4_ + 1)*(bndr*(C4_ + 4) - 3.0*xk)*v - 2.0*bndr - *sqr(xk)*C4_ + 6.0*pow3(xk) - 8.0*bndr*sqr(xk)) - )/(2.0*(range)*(C4_ + 4)); + (4.0/3.0 + C4_/3) + *( + pow(xk, -C4_ - 3)*pow(xk - v, C4_)*(v - xk) + *( + (C4_ + 1)*(C4_ + 2)*(C4_ + 3)*pow3(v) + - (C4_ + 1)*(C4_ + 2)*(bndr*(C4_ + 4) - 3*xk)*sqr(v) + - 2*v*xk*(C4_ + 1)*(bndr*(C4_ + 4) - 3*xk) + - 2*bndr*C4_*sqr(xk) + + 6*pow3(xk) + - 8*bndr*sqr(xk) + ) + )/(2*range*(C4_ + 4)); } diff --git a/applications/solvers/multiphase/multiphaseEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/daughterSizeDistributionModels/LaakkonenAlopaeusAittamaaDsd/LaakkonenAlopaeusAittamaaDsd.H b/applications/solvers/multiphase/multiphaseEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/daughterSizeDistributionModels/LaakkonenAlopaeusAittamaaDsd/LaakkonenAlopaeusAittamaaDsd.H index 25e8865831..4e58233b5b 100644 --- a/applications/solvers/multiphase/multiphaseEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/daughterSizeDistributionModels/LaakkonenAlopaeusAittamaaDsd/LaakkonenAlopaeusAittamaaDsd.H +++ b/applications/solvers/multiphase/multiphaseEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/daughterSizeDistributionModels/LaakkonenAlopaeusAittamaaDsd/LaakkonenAlopaeusAittamaaDsd.H @@ -26,12 +26,12 @@ Class LaakkonenAlopaeusAittamaaDsd Description - Daughter size distribution model used by Laakkonen et al. (2006). Note that - the diameters in the original expression was substituted by bubble volumes + Daughter size distribution model of Laakkonen et al. (2007). Note that the + diameters in the original expression were substituted by bubble volumes giving \f[ - \left(9 + \frac{33}{2}C_4 + 9C_4^2 + \frac{3}{2}C_4^3\right) + (1 + C_4)(2 + C_4)(3 + C_4)(4 + C_4) \times \left(\frac{1}{3}\right) \left(\frac{1}{v_j}\right) \left(\frac{v_i}{v_j}\right)^{2} \left(1 - \frac{v_i}{v_j}\right)^{C_4} \f] @@ -39,23 +39,28 @@ Description where \vartable - v_i | Volume of daughter bubble i [m] - v_j | Volume of mother bubble j [m] + v_i | Volume of daughter bubble i [m3] + v_j | Volume of mother bubble j [m3] \endvartable + The total number of daughter bubbles generated depends on C4 and evaluates + to + + \f[ + \frac{4}{3} + \frac{C_4}{3} + \f] + References: \verbatim - Laakkonen, M., Alopaeus, V., & Aittamaa, J. (2006). - Validation of bubble breakage, coalescence and mass transfer models for - gas-liquid dispersion in agitated vessel. - Chemical engineering science, 61(1), 218-228. - Eq. 3, p. 220. + Laakkonen, M., Moilanen, P., Alopaeus, V., & Aittamaa, J. (2007). + Modelling local bubble size distributions in agitated vessels. + Chemical Engineering Science, 62, 721–740. \endverbatim Usage \table Property | Description | Required | Default value - C4 | Coefficient C4 | no | 4.3 + C4 | Coefficient C4 | no | 18.25 \endtable SourceFiles @@ -87,7 +92,7 @@ class LaakkonenAlopaeusAittamaaDsd { // Private Data - //- Optional coefficient C4, defaults to 4.3 + //- Optional coefficient C4, defaults to 18.25 dimensionedScalar C4_;