physicalProperties: Standardised incompressible and compressible solver fluid properties

to provide a single consistent code and user interface to the specification of
physical properties in both single-phase and multi-phase solvers.  This redesign
simplifies usage and reduces code duplication in run-time selectable solver
options such as 'functionObjects' and 'fvModels'.

* physicalProperties
  Single abstract base-class for all fluid and solid physical property classes.

  Physical properties for a single fluid or solid within a region are now read
  from the 'constant/<region>/physicalProperties' dictionary.

  Physical properties for a phase fluid or solid within a region are now read
  from the 'constant/<region>/physicalProperties.<phase>' dictionary.

  This replaces the previous inconsistent naming convention of
  'transportProperties' for incompressible solvers and
  'thermophysicalProperties' for compressible solvers.

  Backward-compatibility is provided by the solvers reading
  'thermophysicalProperties' or 'transportProperties' if the
  'physicalProperties' dictionary does not exist.

* phaseProperties
  All multi-phase solvers (VoF and Euler-Euler) now read the list of phases and
  interfacial models and coefficients from the
  'constant/<region>/phaseProperties' dictionary.

  Backward-compatibility is provided by the solvers reading
  'thermophysicalProperties' or 'transportProperties' if the 'phaseProperties'
  dictionary does not exist.  For incompressible VoF solvers the
  'transportProperties' is automatically upgraded to 'phaseProperties' and the
  two 'physicalProperties.<phase>' dictionary for the phase properties.

* viscosity
  Abstract base-class (interface) for all fluids.

  Having a single interface for the viscosity of all types of fluids facilitated
  a substantial simplification of the 'momentumTransport' library, avoiding the
  need for a layer of templating and providing total consistency between
  incompressible/compressible and single-phase/multi-phase laminar, RAS and LES
  momentum transport models.  This allows the generalised Newtonian viscosity
  models to be used in the same form within laminar as well as RAS and LES
  momentum transport closures in any solver.  Strain-rate dependent viscosity
  modelling is particularly useful with low-Reynolds number turbulence closures
  for non-Newtonian fluids where the effect of bulk shear near the walls on the
  viscosity is a dominant effect.  Within this framework it would also be
  possible to implement generalised Newtonian models dependent on turbulent as
  well as mean strain-rate if suitable model formulations are available.

* visosityModel
  Run-time selectable Newtonian viscosity model for incompressible fluids
  providing the 'viscosity' interface for 'momentumTransport' models.

  Currently a 'constant' Newtonian viscosity model is provided but the structure
  supports more complex functions of time, space and fields registered to the
  region database.

  Strain-rate dependent non-Newtonian viscosity models have been removed from
  this level and handled in a more general way within the 'momentumTransport'
  library, see section 'viscosity' above.

  The 'constant' viscosity model is selected in the 'physicalProperties'
  dictionary by

      viscosityModel  constant;

  which is equivalent to the previous entry in the 'transportProperties'
  dictionary

      transportModel  Newtonian;

  but backward-compatibility is provided for both the keyword and model
  type.

* thermophysicalModels
  To avoid propagating the unnecessary constructors from 'dictionary' into the
  new 'physicalProperties' abstract base-class this entire structure has been
  removed from the 'thermophysicalModels' library.  The only use for this
  constructor was in 'thermalBaffle' which now reads the 'physicalProperties'
  dictionary from the baffle region directory which is far simpler and more
  consistent and significantly reduces the amount of constructor code in the
  'thermophysicalModels' library.

* compressibleInterFoam
  The creation of the 'viscosity' interface for the 'momentumTransport' models
  allows the complex 'twoPhaseMixtureThermo' derived from 'rhoThermo' to be
  replaced with the much simpler 'compressibleTwoPhaseMixture' derived from the
  'viscosity' interface, avoiding the myriad of unused thermodynamic functions
  required by 'rhoThermo' to be defined for the mixture.

  Same for 'compressibleMultiphaseMixture' in 'compressibleMultiphaseInterFoam'.

This is a significant improvement in code and input consistency, simplifying
maintenance and further development as well as enhancing usability.

Henry G. Weller
CFD Direct Ltd.

applications/utilities/preProcessing/applyBoundaryLayer/Make/options

@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
 EXE_INC = \
     -I$(LIB_SRC)/MomentumTransportModels/momentumTransportModels/lnInclude \
     -I$(LIB_SRC)/MomentumTransportModels/incompressible/lnInclude \
-    -I$(LIB_SRC)/transportModels/lnInclude \
+    -I$(LIB_SRC)/physicalProperties/lnInclude \
     -I$(LIB_SRC)/finiteVolume/lnInclude \
     -I$(LIB_SRC)/meshTools/lnInclude
 
 EXE_LIBS = \
     -lmomentumTransportModels \
     -lincompressibleMomentumTransportModels \
-    -ltransportModels \
+    -lphysicalProperties \
     -lgenericPatchFields \
     -lfiniteVolume \
     -lmeshTools \

applications/utilities/preProcessing/applyBoundaryLayer/applyBoundaryLayer.C

@@ -36,8 +36,8 @@ Description
 \*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
 #include "fvCFD.H"
-#include "singlePhaseTransportModel.H"
-#include "kinematicMomentumTransportModel.H"
+#include "viscosityModel.H"
+#include "incompressibleMomentumTransportModels.H"
 #include "wallDist.H"
 #include "bound.H"
 
@@ -122,11 +122,11 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
     #include "createPhi.H"
     phi.write();
 
-    singlePhaseTransportModel laminarTransport(U, phi);
+    autoPtr<viscosityModel> viscosity(viscosityModel::New(mesh));
 
     autoPtr<incompressible::momentumTransportModel> turbulence
     (
-        incompressible::momentumTransportModel::New(U, phi, laminarTransport)
+        incompressible::momentumTransportModel::New(U, phi, viscosity)
     );
 
     if (isA<incompressible::RASModel>(turbulence()))