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momentumTransportModels::lambdaThixotropic: New momentum transport model for thixotropic liquids

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Description
    Thixotropic viscosity momentum transport model based on the evolution of
    the structural parameter \f$ \lambda \f$:

        \f[
            \frac{D\lambda}{Dt} = a(1 - \lambda)^b - c \lambda \dot{\gamma}^d
        \f]

    The viscosity is then calculated using the expression

        \f[
            \nu = \frac{\nu_{\infty}}{{1 - K \lambda}^2}
        \f]

    Where the parameter K is given by:

        \f[
            K = 1 - \sqrt{\frac{\nu_{\infty}}{\nu_{0}}}
        \f]

    Here:
    \vartable
        \lambda         | structural parameter
        a               | model coefficient
        b               | model coefficient
        c               | model coefficient
        d               | model coefficient
        \dot{\gamma}    | stress rate [1/s]
        \nu_{0}         | limiting viscosity when \f$ \lambda = 1 \f$
        \nu_{\infty}    | limiting viscosity when \f$ \lambda = 0 \f$
    \endvartable

    Reference:
    \verbatim
        Barnes H A, 1997.  Thixotropy - a review.  J. Non-Newtonian Fluid
        Mech 70, pp 1-33
    \endverbatim
This commit is contained in:
Henry Weller
2020-12-31 11:36:25 +00:00
parent 9a10e7d329
commit 9105b80a55
5 changed files with 420 additions and 0 deletions
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6
applications/solvers/multiphase/compressibleInterFoam/VoFphaseCompressibleMomentumTransportModels/VoFphaseCompressibleMomentumTransportModels.C
View File

@ -67,6 +67,12 @@ makeBaseMomentumTransportModel
#include "Stokes.H"
makeLaminarModel(Stokes);
#include "generalizedNewtonian.H"
makeLaminarModel(generalizedNewtonian);
#include "lambdaThixotropic.H"
makeLaminarModel(lambdaThixotropic);
#include "Maxwell.H"
makeLaminarModel(Maxwell);

3
src/MomentumTransportModels/compressible/fluidThermoMomentumTransportModels/fluidThermoMomentumTransportModels.C
View File

@ -47,6 +47,9 @@ makeLaminarModel(Stokes);
#include "generalizedNewtonian.H"
makeLaminarModel(generalizedNewtonian);
#include "lambdaThixotropic.H"
makeLaminarModel(lambdaThixotropic);
#include "Maxwell.H"
makeLaminarModel(Maxwell);

3
src/MomentumTransportModels/incompressible/kinematicMomentumTransportModels/kinematicMomentumTransportModels.C
View File

@ -47,6 +47,9 @@ makeLaminarModel(Stokes);
#include "generalizedNewtonian.H"
makeLaminarModel(generalizedNewtonian);
#include "lambdaThixotropic.H"
makeLaminarModel(lambdaThixotropic);
#include "Maxwell.H"
makeLaminarModel(Maxwell);

213
src/MomentumTransportModels/momentumTransportModels/laminar/lambdaThixotropic/lambdaThixotropic.C Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,213 @@
/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
========= |
\\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
\\ / O peration | Website: https://openfoam.org
\\ / A nd | Copyright (C) 2020 OpenFOAM Foundation
\\/ M anipulation |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
License
This file is part of OpenFOAM.
OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.
OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with OpenFOAM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "lambdaThixotropic.H"
#include "fvOptions.H"
#include "uniformDimensionedFields.H"
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
namespace Foam
{
namespace laminarModels
{
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Constructors * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
template<class BasicMomentumTransportModel>
lambdaThixotropic<BasicMomentumTransportModel>::lambdaThixotropic
(
const alphaField& alpha,
const rhoField& rho,
const volVectorField& U,
const surfaceScalarField& alphaRhoPhi,
const surfaceScalarField& phi,
const transportModel& transport
)
:
linearViscousStress<laminarModel<BasicMomentumTransportModel>>
(
typeName,
alpha,
rho,
U,
alphaRhoPhi,
phi,
transport
),
a_("a", dimless/dimTime, this->coeffDict_),
b_("b", dimless, this->coeffDict_),
d_("d", dimless, this->coeffDict_),
c_("c", pow(dimTime, d_.value() - scalar(1)), this->coeffDict_),
nu0_("nu0", dimViscosity, this->coeffDict_),
nuInf_("nuInf", dimViscosity, this->coeffDict_),
K_(1 - sqrt(nuInf_/nu0_)),
lambda_
(
IOobject
(
IOobject::groupName
(
IOobject::modelName("lambda", typeName),
alphaRhoPhi.group()
),
this->runTime_.timeName(),
this->mesh_,
IOobject::MUST_READ,
IOobject::AUTO_WRITE
),
this->mesh_
),
nu_
(
IOobject
(
IOobject::groupName
(
IOobject::modelName("nu", typeName),
alphaRhoPhi.group()
),
this->runTime_.timeName(),
this->mesh_,
IOobject::NO_READ,
IOobject::AUTO_WRITE
),
calcNu()
)
{}
// * * * * * * * * * * * * Private Member Functions * * * * * * * * * * * //
template<class BasicMomentumTransportModel>
tmp<volScalarField>
lambdaThixotropic<BasicMomentumTransportModel>::calcNu() const
{
return nuInf_/(sqr(1 - K_*lambda_) + rootVSmall);
}
template<class BasicMomentumTransportModel>
tmp<volScalarField::Internal>
lambdaThixotropic<BasicMomentumTransportModel>::strainRate() const
{
return sqrt(2.0)*mag(symm(fvc::grad(this->U())()()));
}
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Member Functions * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
template<class BasicMomentumTransportModel>
bool lambdaThixotropic<BasicMomentumTransportModel>::read()
{
if (laminarModel<BasicMomentumTransportModel>::read())
{
a_.read(this->coeffDict());
b_.read(this->coeffDict());
d_.read(this->coeffDict());
c_ = dimensionedScalar
(
"c",
pow(dimTime, d_.value() - scalar(1)),
this->coeffDict_
);
nu0_.read(this->coeffDict());
nuInf_.read(this->coeffDict());
K_ = (1 - sqrt(nuInf_/nu0_));
return true;
}
else
{
return false;
}
}
template<class BasicMomentumTransportModel>
tmp<volScalarField>
lambdaThixotropic<BasicMomentumTransportModel>::nuEff() const
{
return volScalarField::New
(
IOobject::groupName("nuEff", this->alphaRhoPhi_.group()),
nu_
);
}
template<class BasicMomentumTransportModel>
tmp<scalarField>
lambdaThixotropic<BasicMomentumTransportModel>::nuEff
(
const label patchi
) const
{
return nu_.boundaryField()[patchi];
}
template<class BasicMomentumTransportModel>
void lambdaThixotropic<BasicMomentumTransportModel>::correct()
{
// Local references
const surfaceScalarField& phi = this->phi_;
const fv::options& fvOptions(fv::options::New(this->mesh_));
tmp<fvScalarMatrix> lambdaEqn
(
fvm::ddt(lambda_) + fvm::div(phi, lambda_)
- fvm::Sp(fvc::div(phi), lambda_)
==
a_*pow(1 - lambda_(), b_)
- fvm::Sp(c_*pow(strainRate(), d_), lambda_)
+ fvOptions(lambda_)
);
lambdaEqn.ref().relax();
fvOptions.constrain(lambdaEqn.ref());
solve(lambdaEqn);
fvOptions.correct(lambda_);
lambda_.maxMin(scalar(0), scalar(1));
nu_ = calcNu();
laminarModel<BasicMomentumTransportModel>::correct();
}
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
} // End namespace laminarModels
} // End namespace Foam
// ************************************************************************* //

195
src/MomentumTransportModels/momentumTransportModels/laminar/lambdaThixotropic/lambdaThixotropic.H Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,195 @@
/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
========= |
\\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
\\ / O peration | Website: https://openfoam.org
\\ / A nd | Copyright (C) 2020 OpenFOAM Foundation
\\/ M anipulation |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
License
This file is part of OpenFOAM.
OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.
OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with OpenFOAM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
Class
Foam::laminarModels::lambdaThixotropic
Description
Thixotropic viscosity momentum transport model based on the evolution of
the structural parameter \f$ \lambda \f$:
\f[
\frac{D\lambda}{Dt} = a(1 - \lambda)^b - c \lambda \dot{\gamma}^d
\f]
The viscosity is then calculated using the expression
\f[
\nu = \frac{\nu_{\infty}}{{1 - K \lambda}^2}
\f]
Where the parameter K is given by:
\f[
K = 1 - \sqrt{\frac{\nu_{\infty}}{\nu_{0}}}
\f]
Here:
\vartable
\lambda | structural parameter
a | model coefficient
b | model coefficient
c | model coefficient
d | model coefficient
\dot{\gamma} | stress rate [1/s]
\nu_{0} | limiting viscosity when \f$ \lambda = 1 \f$
\nu_{\infty} | limiting viscosity when \f$ \lambda = 0 \f$
\endvartable
Reference:
\verbatim
Barnes H A, 1997. Thixotropy - a review. J. Non-Newtonian Fluid
Mech 70, pp 1-33
\endverbatim
SourceFiles
lambdaThixotropic.C
\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#ifndef lambdaThixotropic_H
#define lambdaThixotropic_H
#include "laminarModel.H"
#include "linearViscousStress.H"
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
namespace Foam
{
namespace laminarModels
{
/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
Class lambdaThixotropic Declaration
\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
template<class BasicMomentumTransportModel>
class lambdaThixotropic
:
public linearViscousStress<laminarModel<BasicMomentumTransportModel>>
{
// Private data
//- Model a coefficient
dimensionedScalar a_;
//- Model b coefficient
dimensionedScalar b_;
//- Model d coefficient
dimensionedScalar d_;
//- Model c coefficient (read after d since dims depend on d value)
dimensionedScalar c_;
//- Limiting viscosity when lambda = 1
dimensionedScalar nu0_;
//- Limiting viscosity when lambda = 0
dimensionedScalar nuInf_;
//- Model coefficient
dimensionedScalar K_;
//- Structural parameter
// 0 = freestream value (most liquid)
// 1 = fully built (most solid)
volScalarField lambda_;
//- The non-Newtonian viscosity field
volScalarField nu_;
// Private Member Functions
//- Calculates and returns the viscosity from the current lambda
tmp<volScalarField> calcNu() const;
//- Returns the current strain rate from the velocity field
tmp<volScalarField::Internal> strainRate() const;
public:
typedef typename BasicMomentumTransportModel::alphaField alphaField;
typedef typename BasicMomentumTransportModel::rhoField rhoField;
typedef typename BasicMomentumTransportModel::transportModel transportModel;
//- Runtime type information
TypeName("lambdaThixotropic");
// Constructors
//- Construct from components
lambdaThixotropic
(
const alphaField& alpha,
const rhoField& rho,
const volVectorField& U,
const surfaceScalarField& alphaRhoPhi,
const surfaceScalarField& phi,
const transportModel& transport
);
//- Destructor
virtual ~lambdaThixotropic()
{}
// Member Functions
//- Read momentumTransport dictionary
virtual bool read();
//- Return the effective viscosity
// i.e. the lambdaThixotropic viscosity
virtual tmp<volScalarField> nuEff() const;
//- Return the effective viscosity on patch
virtual tmp<scalarField> nuEff(const label patchi) const;
//- Correct the lambdaThixotropic viscosity
virtual void correct();
};
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
} // End namespace laminarModels
} // End namespace Foam
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
#ifdef NoRepository
#include "lambdaThixotropic.C"
#endif
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
#endif
// ************************************************************************* //