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solvers::multiphaseEuler: New cell momentum/pressure algorithm

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The cell-base momentum/pressure algorithm in the multiphaseEuler solver module
has been substantially updated to improve consistency, conservation and reduce
drag generated staggering patterns at sharp interfaces and the boundaries with
stationary phases.  For most if not all cases this new algorithm can be used to
provide well resolved and reliable solutions where the faceMomentum algorithm
would have been chosen previously in order to obtain sufficiently smooth
solutions but at the expense of a noticeable loss in accuracy and resolution.

The first significant change in the momentum/pressure algorithm is in the
interpolation practice used to construct the flux predictor equation from the
cell momentum equation: rather than interpolating the H/A ratio to the faces
i.e. (H/A)_f the terms in the momentum equation are interpolated separately so
that H_f/A_f is used.  The same approach is used for the drag i.e. (D_f/A_f) and
virtual mass contributions.  The advantage of this change is that the phase
forces are now consistent in both the momentum and flux equations, i.e. sum to
zero for each pair of phases.

The second significant change is in the handling of ddtCorr which converts the
old-time time-derivative contributions in H from velocity to flux which is now
consistent due to the change to H/A interpolation and also generalised to use
the fvc::ddtCorr function which has been updated for multiphase.  Additionally
ddtCorr may optionally be applied to the time-derivative in the virtual mass
term in a consistent manner so that the contributions to the flux equation sum
to zero for each pair of phases.

The third significant change is the addition of an optional drag correction term
to the momentum corrector to reduce the staggering patters generated in the
velocity field due to sudden changes in drag force between phase, e.g. at sharp
interfaces between phases or at the boundaries with stationary phases.  This is
particularly beneficial for fluidised bed simulations.  However this correction
is not and cannot be phase consistent, i.e. the correction does not sum to zero
for pairs of phases it is applied to so a small drag error is introduced, but
tests so far have shown that the error is small and outweighed by the benefit in
the reduction in numerical artefacts in the solution.

The final significant change is in the handling of residualAlpha for drag and
virtual mass to provide stable and physical phase velocities in the limit of the
phase-fraction -> 0.  The new approach is phase asymmetric such that the
residual drag is applied only to the phase with a phase-fraction less than
residualAlpha and not to the carrier phase.  This change ensures that the flow
of a pure phase is unaffected by the residualAlpha and residual drag of the
other phases that are stabilised in pure phase region.

There are now four options in the PIMPLE section of the fvSolutions dictionary
relating to the multiphase momentum/pressure algorithm:

PIMPLE
{
    faceMomentum        no;
    VmDdtCorrection     yes;
    dragCorrection      yes;
    partialElimination  no;
}

faceMomentum:
    Switches between the cell and face momentum equation algorithms.
    Provides much smoother and reliable solutions for even the most challenging
    multiphase cases at the expense of a noticeable loss in accuracy and resolution.
    Defaults to 'no'.

VmDdtCorrection:
    Includes the ddtCorr correction term to the time-derivative part of the
    virtual-mass term in the flux equation which ensures consistency between the
    phase virtual mass force on the faces but generates solutions which are
    slightly less smooth and more likely to contain numerical artefacts.
    Defaults to 'no'.

    Testing so far has shown that the loss in smoothness is small and there is
    some noticeable improvement is some cases so in the future the default may
    be changed to 'yes'.

dragCorrection:
    Includes the momentum corrector drag correction term to reduce the
    staggering patters generated in the velocity field due to sudden changes in
    drag force at the expense of a small error in drag consistency.
    Defaults to 'no'

partialElimination:
    Switches the partial-elimination momentum corrector which inverts the drag
    matrix for both the momentum equations and/or flux equations to provide a
    drag implicit correction to the phase velocity and flux fields.  The
    algorithm is the same as previously but updated for the new consistent drag
    interpolation.

All the tutorials/modules/multiphaseEuler tutorial cases have been updated and
tested with the above developments and the four options set appropriately for
each.
This commit is contained in:
Henry Weller
2023-03-30 12:27:48 +01:00
parent 21052fdcb1
commit a8cb8a61da
69 changed files with 863 additions and 734 deletions
Download Patch File Download Diff File Expand all files Collapse all files

5
tutorials/modules/multiphaseEuler/Grossetete/system/fvSolution
View File

@ -74,7 +74,10 @@ PIMPLE
nNonOrthogonalCorrectors 0;
nEnergyCorrectors 1;
faceMomentum yes;
faceMomentum no;
VmDdtCorrection yes;
dragCorrection yes;
partialElimination no;
}
relaxationFactors

8
tutorials/modules/multiphaseEuler/LBend/constant/phaseProperties
View File

@ -69,13 +69,7 @@ drag
}
virtualMass
{
solids_dispersedIn_gas
{
type constantCoefficient;
Cvm 0;
}
}
{}
heatTransfer
{

6
tutorials/modules/multiphaseEuler/LBend/system/fvSolution
View File

@ -89,8 +89,10 @@ PIMPLE
nCorrectors 1;
nNonOrthogonalCorrectors 0;
faceMomentum yes;
faceMomentum no;
VmDdtCorrection no;
dragCorrection yes;
partialElimination no;
}
relaxationFactors

2
tutorials/modules/multiphaseEuler/bubbleColumn/0/p_rgh
View File

@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ boundaryField
outlet
{
type prghPressure;
p $internalField;
p $internalField;
value $internalField;
}
walls

5
tutorials/modules/multiphaseEuler/bubbleColumn/system/fvSolution
View File

@ -69,6 +69,11 @@ PIMPLE
nOuterCorrectors 3;
nCorrectors 1;
nNonOrthogonalCorrectors 0;
faceMomentum no;
VmDdtCorrection yes;
dragCorrection yes;
partialElimination no;
}
relaxationFactors

5
tutorials/modules/multiphaseEuler/bubbleColumnEvaporating/system/fvSolution
View File

@ -69,6 +69,11 @@ PIMPLE
nOuterCorrectors 5;
nCorrectors 1;
nNonOrthogonalCorrectors 0;
faceMomentum no;
VmDdtCorrection yes;
dragCorrection yes;
partialElimination no;
}
relaxationFactors

5
tutorials/modules/multiphaseEuler/bubbleColumnEvaporatingDissolving/system/fvSolution
View File

@ -66,6 +66,11 @@ PIMPLE
nOuterCorrectors 5;
nCorrectors 1;
nNonOrthogonalCorrectors 0;
faceMomentum no;
VmDdtCorrection yes;
dragCorrection yes;
partialElimination no;
}
relaxationFactors

5
tutorials/modules/multiphaseEuler/bubbleColumnEvaporatingReacting/system/fvSolution
View File

@ -78,6 +78,11 @@ PIMPLE
nOuterCorrectors 5;
nCorrectors 1;
nNonOrthogonalCorrectors 0;
faceMomentum no;
VmDdtCorrection yes;
dragCorrection yes;
partialElimination no;
}
relaxationFactors

4
tutorials/modules/multiphaseEuler/bubbleColumnIATE/system/fvSolution
View File

@ -60,6 +60,10 @@ PIMPLE
nCorrectors 1;
nNonOrthogonalCorrectors 0;
faceMomentum no;
VmDdtCorrection yes;
dragCorrection yes;
partialElimination no;
}
relaxationFactors

5
tutorials/modules/multiphaseEuler/bubbleColumnLES/system/fvSolution
View File

@ -69,6 +69,11 @@ PIMPLE
nOuterCorrectors 3;
nCorrectors 1;
nNonOrthogonalCorrectors 0;
faceMomentum no;
VmDdtCorrection yes;
dragCorrection yes;
partialElimination no;
}
relaxationFactors

4
tutorials/modules/multiphaseEuler/bubbleColumnLaminar/system/fvSolution
View File

@ -61,6 +61,10 @@ PIMPLE
nCorrectors 1;
nNonOrthogonalCorrectors 0;
faceMomentum no;
VmDdtCorrection yes;
dragCorrection yes;
partialElimination no;
}
relaxationFactors

6
tutorials/modules/multiphaseEuler/bubblePipe/system/fvSolution
View File

@ -70,8 +70,10 @@ PIMPLE
nCorrectors 2;
nNonOrthogonalCorrectors 0;
faceMomentum true;
faceMomentum no;
VmDdtCorrection yes;
dragCorrection yes;
partialElimination no;
}
relaxationFactors

6
tutorials/modules/multiphaseEuler/damBreak4phase/system/controlDict
View File

@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ writeInterval 0.02;
purgeWrite 0;
writeFormat binary;
writeFormat ascii;
writePrecision 6;
@ -53,5 +53,9 @@ maxAlphaCo 0.5;
maxDeltaT 1;
functions
{
#includeFunc phaseMap
}
// ************************************************************************* //

5
tutorials/modules/multiphaseEuler/damBreak4phase/system/fvSolution
View File

@ -76,6 +76,11 @@ PIMPLE
{
nCorrectors 3;
nNonOrthogonalCorrectors 0;
faceMomentum no;
VmDdtCorrection no;
dragCorrection no;
partialElimination no;
}
relaxationFactors

5
tutorials/modules/multiphaseEuler/fluidisedBed/system/fvSolution
View File

@ -88,8 +88,9 @@ PIMPLE
nCorrectors 2;
nNonOrthogonalCorrectors 0;
faceMomentum no;
faceMomentum no;
dragCorrection yes;
partialElimination no;
}
relaxationFactors

10
tutorials/modules/multiphaseEuler/fluidisedBedLaminar/constant/phaseProperties
View File

@ -66,20 +66,14 @@ drag
}
virtualMass
{
particles_dispersedIn_air
{
type constantCoefficient;
Cvm 0.5;
}
}
{}
heatTransfer
{
particles_dispersedIn_air
{
type RanzMarshall;
residualAlpha 1e-3;
residualAlpha 1e-4;
}
}

9
tutorials/modules/multiphaseEuler/fluidisedBedLaminar/system/fvSolution
View File

@ -84,12 +84,13 @@ solvers
PIMPLE
{
nOuterCorrectors 3;
nCorrectors 2;
nOuterCorrectors 3;
nCorrectors 2;
nNonOrthogonalCorrectors 0;
faceMomentum no;
faceMomentum no;
dragCorrection yes;
partialElimination no;
}
relaxationFactors

3
tutorials/modules/multiphaseEuler/hydrofoil/system/fvSolution
View File

@ -81,6 +81,9 @@ PIMPLE
transportCorrectionFinal yes;
faceMomentum no;
VmDdtCorrection no;
dragCorrection yes;
partialElimination no;
}
cache

11
tutorials/modules/multiphaseEuler/injection/constant/phaseProperties
View File

@ -65,13 +65,7 @@ blending
}
surfaceTension
{
air_water
{
type constant;
sigma 0.07;
}
}
{}
drag
{
@ -103,8 +97,7 @@ virtualMass
water_dispersedIn_air
{
type constantCoefficient;
Cvm 0.5;
type none;
}
}

4
tutorials/modules/multiphaseEuler/injection/system/fvSolution
View File

@ -61,6 +61,10 @@ PIMPLE
nCorrectors 1;
nNonOrthogonalCorrectors 0;
faceMomentum no;
VmDdtCorrection yes;
dragCorrection yes;
partialElimination no;
}
relaxationFactors

4
tutorials/modules/multiphaseEuler/mixerVessel2D/constant/phaseProperties
View File

@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ water
oil
{
type pureIsothermalPhaseModel;
diameterModel constant;
diameterModel constant;
constantCoeffs
{
d 1e-3;
@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ oil
mercury
{
type pureIsothermalPhaseModel;
diameterModel constant;
diameterModel constant;
constantCoeffs
{
d 1e-3;

2
tutorials/modules/multiphaseEuler/mixerVessel2D/constant/physicalProperties.mercury
View File

@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ thermoType
thermo hConst;
equationOfState rhoConst;
specie specie;
energy sensibleEnthalpy;
energy sensibleInternalEnergy;
}
mixture

2
tutorials/modules/multiphaseEuler/mixerVessel2D/constant/physicalProperties.oil
View File

@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ thermoType
thermo hConst;
equationOfState rhoConst;
specie specie;
energy sensibleEnthalpy;
energy sensibleInternalEnergy;
}
mixture

2
tutorials/modules/multiphaseEuler/mixerVessel2D/constant/physicalProperties.water
View File

@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ thermoType
thermo eConst;
equationOfState rPolynomial;
specie specie;
energy sensibleEnthalpy;
energy sensibleInternalEnergy;
}
mixture

5
tutorials/modules/multiphaseEuler/mixerVessel2D/system/fvSolution
View File

@ -94,6 +94,11 @@ PIMPLE
correctPhi yes;
correctMeshPhi no;
faceMomentum no;
VmDdtCorrection yes;
dragCorrection yes;
partialElimination no;
}
relaxationFactors

5
tutorials/modules/multiphaseEuler/mixerVessel2DMRF/system/fvSolution
View File

@ -81,6 +81,11 @@ PIMPLE
pRefCell 0;
pRefValue 0;
faceMomentum no;
VmDdtCorrection yes;
dragCorrection yes;
partialElimination no;
}
relaxationFactors

23
tutorials/modules/multiphaseEuler/pipeBend/system/fvSolution
View File

@ -53,19 +53,19 @@ solvers
"(k|epsilon).*"
{
solver PBiCGStab;
preconditioner DILU;
tolerance 1e-5;
relTol 0;
minIter 1;
solver PBiCGStab;
preconditioner DILU;
tolerance 1e-5;
relTol 0;
minIter 1;
}
"f.*"
{
solver PBiCGStab;
preconditioner DILU;
tolerance 1e-6;
relTol 0;
solver PBiCGStab;
preconditioner DILU;
tolerance 1e-6;
relTol 0;
}
agglomerates
@ -85,6 +85,11 @@ PIMPLE
nNonOrthogonalCorrectors 0;
alphaSpreadMin 5e-4;
alphaSpreadMax 0.9995;
faceMomentum no;
VmDdtCorrection yes;
dragCorrection yes;
partialElimination no;
}
relaxationFactors

12
tutorials/modules/multiphaseEuler/steamInjection/0/T.steam
View File

@ -20,10 +20,12 @@ internalField uniform 372.76;
boundaryField
{
walls
inlet
{
type zeroGradient;
type fixedValue;
value $internalField;
}
outlet
{
type inletOutlet;
@ -31,10 +33,10 @@ boundaryField
inletValue $internalField;
value $internalField;
}
inlet
walls
{
type fixedValue;
value $internalField;
type zeroGradient;
}
}

12
tutorials/modules/multiphaseEuler/steamInjection/0/T.water
View File

@ -20,11 +20,11 @@ internalField uniform 360;
boundaryField
{
walls
inlet
{
type fixedValue;
value $internalField;
type zeroGradient;
}
outlet
{
type inletOutlet;
@ -32,9 +32,11 @@ boundaryField
inletValue $internalField;
value $internalField;
}
inlet
walls
{
type zeroGradient;
type fixedValue;
value $internalField;
}
}

6
tutorials/modules/multiphaseEuler/steamInjection/0/U.steam
View File

@ -16,21 +16,23 @@ FoamFile
dimensions [0 1 -1 0 0 0 0];
internalField uniform (0 0.1 0);
internalField uniform (0 0 0);
boundaryField
{
inlet
{
type fixedValue;
value uniform (0 0.1 0);
value uniform (0 0 0);
}
outlet
{
type pressureInletOutletVelocity;
phi phi.steam;
value $internalField;
}
walls
{
type noSlip;

2
tutorials/modules/multiphaseEuler/steamInjection/0/U.water
View File

@ -25,12 +25,14 @@ boundaryField
type fixedValue;
value uniform (0 0.1 0);
}
outlet
{
type pressureInletOutletVelocity;
phi phi.water;
value $internalField;
}
walls
{
type noSlip;

8
tutorials/modules/multiphaseEuler/steamInjection/0/alpha.steam
View File

@ -23,8 +23,9 @@ boundaryField
inlet
{
type fixedValue;
value uniform 0.;
value uniform 0;
}
outlet
{
type inletOutlet;
@ -32,14 +33,11 @@ boundaryField
inletValue uniform 0;
value uniform 0;
}
walls
{
type zeroGradient;
}
defaultFaces
{
type empty;
}
}

12
tutorials/modules/multiphaseEuler/steamInjection/0/alpha.water
View File

@ -23,23 +23,21 @@ boundaryField
inlet
{
type fixedValue;
value uniform 1.;
value uniform 1;
}
outlet
{
type inletOutlet;
phi phi.water;
inletValue uniform 1.0;
value uniform 1.0;
inletValue uniform 1;
value uniform 1;
}
walls
{
type zeroGradient;
}
defaultFaces
{
type empty;
}
}

2
tutorials/modules/multiphaseEuler/steamInjection/0/nut.water
View File

@ -25,11 +25,13 @@ boundaryField
type calculated;
value $internalField;
}
outlet
{
type calculated;
value $internalField;
}
walls
{
type nutkWallFunction;

2
tutorials/modules/multiphaseEuler/steamInjection/0/p
View File

@ -24,11 +24,13 @@ boundaryField
type calculated;
value $internalField;
}
outlet
{
type calculated;
value $internalField;
}
walls
{
type calculated;

9
tutorials/modules/multiphaseEuler/steamInjection/0/p_rgh
View File

@ -24,12 +24,17 @@ boundaryField
type fixedFluxPressure;
value $internalField;
}
outlet
{
type prghPressure;
p $internalField;
type prghTotalPressure;
p0 $internalField;
U U.water;
phi phi.water;
rho rho.water;
value $internalField;
}
walls
{
type fixedFluxPressure;

41
tutorials/modules/multiphaseEuler/steamInjection/0/water.steam
View File

@ -1,41 +0,0 @@
/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
========= |
\\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
\\ / O peration | Website: https://openfoam.org
\\ / A nd | Version: dev
\\/ M anipulation |
\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
FoamFile
{
format ascii;
class volScalarField;
location "0";
object AIR.steam;
}
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
dimensions [0 0 0 0 0 0 0];
internalField uniform 1;
boundaryField
{
inlet
{
type fixedValue;
value uniform 1;
}
outlet
{
type inletOutlet;
phi phi.steam;
inletValue $internalField;
value $internalField;
}
walls
{
type zeroGradient;
}
}
// ************************************************************************* //

41
tutorials/modules/multiphaseEuler/steamInjection/0/water.water
View File

@ -1,41 +0,0 @@
/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
========= |
\\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
\\ / O peration | Website: https://openfoam.org
\\ / A nd | Version: dev
\\/ M anipulation |
\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
FoamFile
{
format ascii;
class volScalarField;
location "0";
object AIR.water;
}
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
dimensions [0 0 0 0 0 0 0];
internalField uniform 1;
boundaryField
{
inlet
{
type fixedValue;
value $internalField;
}
outlet
{
type inletOutlet;
phi phi.water;
inletValue $internalField;
value $internalField;
}
walls
{
type zeroGradient;
}
}
// ************************************************************************* //

12
tutorials/modules/multiphaseEuler/steamInjection/constant/phaseProperties
View File

@ -51,13 +51,7 @@ blending
}
surfaceTension
{
steam_water
{
type constant;
sigma 0.07;
}
}
{}
saturationTemperature
{
@ -90,13 +84,13 @@ heatTransfer
steam_dispersedIn_water_inThe_steam
{
type spherical;
residualAlpha 1e-4;
residualAlpha 1e-3;
}
steam_dispersedIn_water_inThe_water
{
type RanzMarshall;
residualAlpha 1e-4;
residualAlpha 1e-3;
}
}

49
tutorials/modules/multiphaseEuler/steamInjection/system/fvSolution
View File

@ -24,10 +24,12 @@ solvers
p_rgh
{
solver PCG;
preconditioner DIC;
tolerance 1e-10;
relTol 0.001;
solver GAMG;
smoother DIC;
tolerance 1e-8;
relTol 0.01;
maxIter 20;
}
p_rghFinal
@ -38,50 +40,53 @@ solvers
"U.*"
{
solver smoothSolver;
smoother symGaussSeidel;
solver PBiCGStab;
preconditioner DILU;
tolerance 1e-6;
relTol 0;
minIter 1;
}
"(e|h).*"
{
solver smoothSolver;
smoother symGaussSeidel;
tolerance 1e-6;
solver PBiCGStab;
preconditioner DILU;
tolerance 1e-8;
relTol 0;
minIter 1;
maxIter 20;
}
"(k|epsilon).*"
{
solver smoothSolver;
smoother symGaussSeidel;
solver PBiCGStab;
preconditioner DILU;
tolerance 1e-8;
relTol 0;
minIter 1;
}
"Yi.*"
{
solver smoothSolver;
smoother symGaussSeidel;
tolerance 1e-6;
solver PBiCGStab;
preconditioner DILU;
tolerance 1e-8;
relTol 0;
minIter 1;
}
}
PIMPLE
{
nOuterCorrectors 3;
nCorrectors 1;
nOuterCorrectors 2;
nCorrectors 2;
nNonOrthogonalCorrectors 0;
nEnergyCorrectors 2;
nEnergyCorrectors 2;
faceMomentum yes;
faceMomentum no;
VmDdtCorrection yes;
dragCorrection yes;
partialElimination yes;
}
relaxationFactors

5
tutorials/modules/multiphaseEuler/titaniaSynthesis/system/fvSolution
View File

@ -83,7 +83,10 @@ PIMPLE
nEnergyCorrectors 1;
nNonOrthogonalCorrectors 0;
faceMomentum yes;
faceMomentum no;
VmDdtCorrection no;
dragCorrection yes;
partialElimination no;
}
relaxationFactors

5
tutorials/modules/multiphaseEuler/titaniaSynthesisSurface/system/fvSolution
View File

@ -83,7 +83,10 @@ PIMPLE
nEnergyCorrectors 1;
nNonOrthogonalCorrectors 0;
faceMomentum yes;
faceMomentum no;
VmDdtCorrection no;
dragCorrection yes;
partialElimination no;
}
relaxationFactors

6
tutorials/modules/multiphaseEuler/wallBoilingIATE/system/fvSolution
View File

@ -73,8 +73,10 @@ PIMPLE
nNonOrthogonalCorrectors 0;
nEnergyCorrectors 1;
faceMomentum yes;
faceMomentum no;
VmDdtCorrection yes;
dragCorrection yes;
partialElimination no;
}
relaxationFactors

6
tutorials/modules/multiphaseEuler/wallBoilingPolydisperse/system/fvSolution
View File

@ -82,8 +82,10 @@ PIMPLE
nNonOrthogonalCorrectors 0;
nEnergyCorrectors 1;
faceMomentum yes;
faceMomentum no;
VmDdtCorrection yes;
dragCorrection yes;
partialElimination no;
}
relaxationFactors

6
tutorials/modules/multiphaseEuler/wallBoilingPolydisperseTwoGroups/system/fvSolution
View File

@ -82,8 +82,10 @@ PIMPLE
nNonOrthogonalCorrectors 0;
nEnergyCorrectors 1;
faceMomentum yes;
faceMomentum no;
VmDdtCorrection yes;
dragCorrection yes;
partialElimination no;
}
relaxationFactors