From cfbb389fd3eafa0c901ae151741868379b9c1c2b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Will Bainbridge <http://cfd.direct>
Date: Tue, 13 Aug 2019 08:39:06 +0100
Subject: [PATCH] reactingEulerFoam: populationBalanceModel: Added fractal
 shape modelling support

This change adds representation of the shape of a dispersed phase. A
layer has been added to model the relationship between the
characteristic volume of a sizeGroup and its physical diameter.
Previously this relationship was represented by a constant form factor.

Currently, two shape models are available:

  - spherical

  - fractal (for modelling fractal agglomerates)

The latter introduces the average surface area to volume ratio, kappa,
of the entities in a size group as a secondary field-dependent internal
variable to the population balance equation, which makes the population
balance approach "quasi-"bivariate. From kappa and a constant mass
fractal dimension, a collisional diameter can be derived which affects
the coagulation rates computed by the following models:

  - ballisticCollisions

  - brownianCollisions

  - DahnekeInterpolation

  - turbulentShear

The fractal shape modelling also takes into account the effect of sintering
of primary particles on the surface area of the aggregate.

Further additions/changes:

  - Time scale filtering for handling large drag and heat transfer
    coefficients occurring for particles in the nanometre range

  - Aerosol drag model based on Stokes drag with a Knudsen number based
    correction (Cunningham correction)

  - Reaction driven nucleation

  - A complete redesign of the sizeDistribution functionObject

The functionality is demonstrated by a tutorial case simulating the
vapour phase synthesis of titania by titanium tetrachloride oxidation.

Patch contributed by Institute of Fluid Dynamics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden -
Rossendorf (HZDR) and VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd.
---
 .../functionObjects/Make/options              |   2 +
 .../sizeDistribution/sizeDistribution.C       | 812 ++++++++----------
 .../sizeDistribution/sizeDistribution.H       | 255 +++---
 .../interfacialModels/Make/files              |   3 +
 .../dragModels/aerosolDrag/aerosolDrag.C      |  94 ++
 .../dragModels/aerosolDrag/aerosolDrag.H      | 112 +++
 .../timeScaleFilteredDrag.C                   |  87 ++
 .../timeScaleFilteredDrag.H                   | 106 +++
 .../timeScaleFilteredHeatTransfer.C           |  92 ++
 .../timeScaleFilteredHeatTransfer.H           | 106 +++
 .../reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/Make/files |  73 +-
 .../PopulationBalancePhaseSystem.C            | 264 ++++--
 .../PopulationBalancePhaseSystem.H            |   9 +-
 .../SecondaryPropertyModel.C                  | 169 ++++
 .../SecondaryPropertyModel.H                  | 183 ++++
 .../sizeGroup/shapeModels/fractal/fractal.C   | 336 ++++++++
 .../sizeGroup/shapeModels/fractal/fractal.H   | 204 +++++
 .../KochFriedlander/KochFriedlander.C         | 136 +++
 .../KochFriedlander/KochFriedlander.H         | 140 +++
 .../sinteringModels/noSintering/noSintering.C |  89 ++
 .../sinteringModels/noSintering/noSintering.H |  96 +++
 .../sinteringModel/sinteringModel.C           |  90 ++
 .../sinteringModel/sinteringModel.H           | 129 +++
 .../shapeModels/shapeModel/shapeModel.C       | 138 +++
 .../shapeModels/shapeModel/shapeModel.H       | 184 ++++
 .../shapeModels/spherical/spherical.C         |  98 +++
 .../shapeModels/spherical/spherical.H         |  97 +++
 .../velocityGroup/sizeGroup/sizeGroup.C       |  59 +-
 .../velocityGroup/sizeGroup/sizeGroup.H       |  66 +-
 .../velocityGroup/sizeGroup/sizeGroupI.H      |  25 +-
 .../velocityGroup/velocityGroup.C             |  28 +-
 .../velocityGroup/velocityGroup.H             |  26 +-
 .../velocityGroup/velocityGroupI.H            |   7 -
 .../LehrMilliesMewes/LehrMilliesMewes.C       |  10 +-
 .../LuoSvendsen/LuoSvendsen.C                 |   6 +-
 .../binaryBreakupModel/binaryBreakupModel.H   |   4 +-
 .../LaakkonenAlopaeusAittamaa.C               |   4 +-
 .../breakupModels/breakupModel/breakupModel.H |   4 +-
 .../DahnekeInterpolation.C                    | 115 +++
 .../DahnekeInterpolation.H                    | 124 +++
 .../LehrMilliesMewesCoalescence.C             |   4 +-
 .../coalescenceModels/Luo/Luo.C               |   8 +-
 .../PrinceBlanch/PrinceBlanch.C               |  15 +-
 .../ballisticCollisions/ballisticCollisions.C |  87 ++
 .../ballisticCollisions/ballisticCollisions.H |  99 +++
 .../brownianCollisions/brownianCollisions.C   |  87 ++
 .../brownianCollisions/brownianCollisions.H   |  99 +++
 .../coalescenceModel/coalescenceModel.H       |   4 +-
 .../hydrodynamic/hydrodynamic.C               |   4 +-
 .../turbulentShear/turbulentShear.C           |  86 ++
 .../turbulentShear/turbulentShear.H           | 105 +++
 .../daughterSizeDistributionModel.H           |   2 +-
 .../driftModels/driftModel/driftModel.C       |   5 +-
 .../driftModels/driftModel/driftModel.H       |  13 +-
 .../driftModels/phaseChange/phaseChange.C     |  13 +-
 .../constantNucleation/constantNucleation.C   |  34 +-
 .../constantNucleation/constantNucleation.H   |   7 +-
 .../nucleationModel/nucleationModel.C         |   5 +-
 .../nucleationModel/nucleationModel.H         |  42 +-
 .../reactionDriven/reactionDriven.C           | 211 +++++
 .../reactionDriven/reactionDriven.H           | 154 ++++
 .../wallBoiling/wallBoiling.C                 |  18 +-
 .../populationBalanceModel.C                  | 173 +++-
 .../populationBalanceModel.H                  |  65 +-
 .../populationBalanceModelI.H                 |  44 +-
 .../reactionThermo/hRefConstThermos.C         |  25 +-
 bin/tools/RunFunctions                        |  29 +-
 .../README                                    |   0
 .../binaryBreakup/0/T.air1                    |   0
 .../binaryBreakup/0/T.air2                    |   0
 .../binaryBreakup/0/T.air3                    |   0
 .../binaryBreakup/0/T.water                   |   0
 .../binaryBreakup/0/U.air1                    |   0
 .../binaryBreakup/0/U.air2                    |   0
 .../binaryBreakup/0/U.air3                    |   0
 .../binaryBreakup/0/U.water                   |   0
 .../binaryBreakup/0/alpha.air1                |   0
 .../binaryBreakup/0/alpha.air2                |   0
 .../binaryBreakup/0/alpha.air3                |   0
 .../binaryBreakup/0/alpha.water               |   0
 .../binaryBreakup/0/f.air1.bubbles            |   0
 .../binaryBreakup/0/f.air2.bubbles            |   0
 .../binaryBreakup/0/f.air3.bubbles            |   0
 .../binaryBreakup/0/p                         |   0
 .../binaryBreakup/0/p_rgh                     |   0
 .../binaryBreakup/Allrun                      |   6 -
 .../binaryBreakup/constant/g                  |   0
 .../binaryBreakup/constant/phaseProperties    |  70 +-
 .../constant/thermophysicalProperties.air1    |   0
 .../constant/thermophysicalProperties.air2    |   0
 .../constant/thermophysicalProperties.air3    |   0
 .../constant/thermophysicalProperties.water   |   0
 .../constant/turbulenceProperties.air1        |   0
 .../constant/turbulenceProperties.air2        |   0
 .../constant/turbulenceProperties.air3        |   0
 .../constant/turbulenceProperties.water       |   0
 .../binaryBreakup/system/blockMeshDict        |   0
 .../binaryBreakup}/system/controlDict         |   7 +-
 .../binaryBreakup/system/fvSchemes            |   0
 .../binaryBreakup/system/fvSolution           |   0
 .../binaryBreakup}/validation/createGraphs    |   8 +-
 .../breakup/0/T.air1                          |   0
 .../breakup/0/T.air2                          |   0
 .../breakup/0/T.air3                          |   0
 .../breakup/0/T.water                         |   0
 .../breakup/0/U.air1                          |   0
 .../breakup/0/U.air2                          |   0
 .../breakup/0/U.air3                          |   0
 .../breakup/0/U.water                         |   0
 .../breakup/0/alpha.air1                      |   0
 .../breakup/0/alpha.air2                      |   0
 .../breakup/0/alpha.air3                      |   0
 .../breakup/0/alpha.water                     |   0
 .../breakup/0/f.air1.bubbles                  |   0
 .../breakup/0/f.air2.bubbles                  |   0
 .../breakup/0/f.air3.bubbles                  |   0
 .../breakup/0/p                               |   0
 .../breakup/0/p_rgh                           |   0
 .../breakup/Allrun                            |   6 -
 .../breakup/constant/g                        |   0
 .../breakup/constant/phaseProperties          |  70 +-
 .../constant/thermophysicalProperties.air1    |   0
 .../constant/thermophysicalProperties.air2    |   0
 .../constant/thermophysicalProperties.air3    |   0
 .../constant/thermophysicalProperties.water   |   0
 .../constant/turbulenceProperties.air1        |   0
 .../constant/turbulenceProperties.air2        |   0
 .../constant/turbulenceProperties.air3        |   0
 .../constant/turbulenceProperties.water       |   0
 .../breakup/system/blockMeshDict              |   0
 .../breakup}/system/controlDict               |   7 +-
 .../breakup/system/fvSchemes                  |   0
 .../breakup/system/fvSolution                 |   0
 .../breakup}/validation/createGraphs          |   8 +-
 .../coalescence/0/T.air1                      |   0
 .../coalescence/0/T.air2                      |   0
 .../coalescence/0/T.air3                      |   0
 .../coalescence/0/T.water                     |   0
 .../coalescence/0/U.air1                      |   0
 .../coalescence/0/U.air2                      |   0
 .../coalescence/0/U.air3                      |   0
 .../coalescence/0/U.water                     |   0
 .../coalescence/0/alpha.air1                  |   0
 .../coalescence/0/alpha.air2                  |   0
 .../coalescence/0/alpha.air3                  |   0
 .../coalescence/0/alpha.water                 |   0
 .../coalescence/0/f.air1.bubbles              |   0
 .../coalescence/0/f.air2.bubbles              |   0
 .../coalescence/0/f.air3.bubbles              |   0
 .../coalescence/0/p                           |   0
 .../coalescence/0/p_rgh                       |   0
 .../coalescence/Allrun                        |   6 -
 .../coalescence/constant/g                    |   0
 .../coalescence/constant/phaseProperties      | 233 +++++
 .../constant/thermophysicalProperties.air1    |   0
 .../constant/thermophysicalProperties.air2    |   0
 .../constant/thermophysicalProperties.air3    |   0
 .../constant/thermophysicalProperties.water   |   0
 .../constant/turbulenceProperties.air1        |   0
 .../constant/turbulenceProperties.air2        |   0
 .../constant/turbulenceProperties.air3        |   0
 .../constant/turbulenceProperties.water       |   0
 .../coalescence/system/blockMeshDict          |   0
 .../coalescence/system/controlDict            |   7 +-
 .../coalescence/system/fvSchemes              |   0
 .../coalescence/system/fvSolution             |   0
 .../coalescence/validation/createGraphs       |   8 +-
 .../0/T.air1                                  |   0
 .../0/T.air2                                  |   0
 .../0/T.air3                                  |   0
 .../0/T.water                                 |   0
 .../0/U.air1                                  |   0
 .../0/U.air2                                  |   0
 .../0/U.air3                                  |   0
 .../0/U.water                                 |   0
 .../0/alpha.air1                              |   0
 .../0/alpha.air2                              |   0
 .../0/alpha.air3                              |   0
 .../0/alpha.water                             |   0
 .../0/f.air1.bubbles                          |   0
 .../0/f.air2.bubbles                          |   0
 .../0/f.air3.bubbles                          |   0
 .../simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/0/p     |   0
 .../simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/0/p_rgh |   0
 .../simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup}/Allrun |   6 -
 .../constant/g                                |   0
 .../constant/phaseProperties                  |  74 +-
 .../constant/thermophysicalProperties.air1    |   0
 .../constant/thermophysicalProperties.air2    |   0
 .../constant/thermophysicalProperties.air3    |   0
 .../constant/thermophysicalProperties.water   |   0
 .../constant/turbulenceProperties.air1        |   0
 .../constant/turbulenceProperties.air2        |   0
 .../constant/turbulenceProperties.air3        |   0
 .../constant/turbulenceProperties.water       |   0
 .../system/blockMeshDict                      |   0
 .../system/controlDict                        |  18 +-
 .../system/fvSchemes                          |   0
 .../system/fvSolution                         |   0
 .../validation/createGraphs                   |  22 +-
 .../coalescence/constant/phaseProperties      | 232 -----
 .../simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/Allrun  |  25 -
 .../README                                    |   0
 .../drift/0/T.air                             |   0
 .../drift/0/T.water                           |   0
 .../drift/0/U.air                             |   0
 .../drift/0/U.water                           |   0
 .../drift/0/alpha.air                         |   0
 .../drift/0/f.air.bubbles                     |   0
 .../drift/0/p                                 |   0
 .../drift/0/p_rgh                             |   0
 .../populationBalance/drift/Allrun            |  15 +
 .../drift/constant/fvOptions                  |  15 +-
 .../drift/constant/g                          |   0
 .../drift}/constant/phaseProperties           |  72 +-
 .../constant/thermophysicalProperties.air     |   0
 .../constant/thermophysicalProperties.water   |   0
 .../drift/constant/turbulenceProperties.air   |   0
 .../drift/constant/turbulenceProperties.water |   0
 .../drift/system/blockMeshDict                |   0
 .../drift/system/controlDict                  |  15 +-
 .../drift/system/fvSchemes                    |   0
 .../drift/system/fvSolution                   |   7 +-
 .../drift/validation/createGraphs             |   2 +-
 .../negativeDrift/0/T.air                     |   0
 .../negativeDrift/0/T.water                   |   0
 .../negativeDrift/0/U.air                     |   0
 .../negativeDrift/0/U.water                   |   0
 .../negativeDrift/0/alpha.air                 |   0
 .../negativeDrift/0/f.air.bubbles             |   0
 .../negativeDrift/0/p                         |   0
 .../negativeDrift/0/p_rgh                     |   0
 .../populationBalance/negativeDrift/Allrun    |  15 +
 .../negativeDrift/constant/fvOptions          |  11 +-
 .../negativeDrift/constant/g                  |   0
 .../negativeDrift/constant/phaseProperties    | 147 ++++
 .../constant/thermophysicalProperties.air     |   0
 .../constant/thermophysicalProperties.water   |   0
 .../constant/turbulenceProperties.air         |   0
 .../constant/turbulenceProperties.water       |   0
 .../negativeDrift/system/blockMeshDict        |   0
 .../negativeDrift/system/controlDict          |  19 +-
 .../negativeDrift/system/fvSchemes            |   0
 .../negativeDrift/system/fvSolution           |   7 +-
 .../negativeDrift/validation/createGraphs     |   2 +-
 .../titaniaSynthesis/0/Ar.vapor.orig          |  26 +
 .../titaniaSynthesis/0/Cl2.vapor.orig         |  26 +
 .../titaniaSynthesis/0/N2.vapor.orig          |  26 +
 .../titaniaSynthesis/0/O2.vapor.orig          |  26 +
 .../titaniaSynthesis/0/T.particles            |  25 +
 .../titaniaSynthesis/0/T.vapor                |  25 +
 .../titaniaSynthesis/0/TiCl4.vapor.orig       |  26 +
 .../titaniaSynthesis/0/TiO2.particles.orig    |  26 +
 .../titaniaSynthesis/0/TiO2.vapor.orig        |  26 +
 .../titaniaSynthesis/0/U.particles            |  25 +
 .../titaniaSynthesis/0/U.vapor                |  25 +
 .../titaniaSynthesis/0/alpha.particles.orig   |  25 +
 .../titaniaSynthesis/0/alpha.vapor.orig       |  25 +
 .../titaniaSynthesis/0/f.particles.aggregates |  26 +
 .../populationBalance/titaniaSynthesis/0/p    |  25 +
 .../titaniaSynthesis/0/p_rgh                  |  25 +
 .../populationBalance/titaniaSynthesis/Allrun |  15 +
 .../constant/chemistryProperties.vapor        |  42 +
 .../constant/combustionProperties.vapor       |  21 +
 .../titaniaSynthesis/constant/g               |  23 +
 .../titaniaSynthesis/constant/phaseProperties | 191 ++++
 .../titaniaSynthesis/constant/reactions.vapor |  39 +
 .../titaniaSynthesis/constant/thermo.vapor    | 156 ++++
 .../thermophysicalProperties.particles        |  59 ++
 .../constant/thermophysicalProperties.vapor   |  34 +
 .../constant/turbulenceProperties.particles   |  21 +
 .../constant/turbulenceProperties.vapor       |  21 +
 .../titaniaSynthesis/system/blockMeshDict     |  48 ++
 .../titaniaSynthesis/system/controlDict       |  79 ++
 .../titaniaSynthesis/system/fvSchemes         |  66 ++
 .../titaniaSynthesis/system/fvSolution        |  99 +++
 .../titaniaSynthesis/system/probes            |  28 +
 .../titaniaSynthesis/validation/createGraphs  |  49 ++
 .../drift/constant/phaseProperties            | 163 ----
 .../negativeDrift/Allrun                      |  21 -
 .../constant/phaseProperties                  |  58 +-
 .../system/controlDict.orig                   |  24 +-
 .../constant/phaseProperties                  |  48 +-
 .../system/controlDict                        |  17 +-
 .../system/fvSolution                         |   1 +
 .../constant/phaseProperties                  |  46 +-
 .../system/controlDict                        |  16 +-
 .../system/fvSolution                         |   1 +
 .../constant/phaseProperties                  |  56 +-
 .../system/controlDict.orig                   |  24 +-
 .../laminar/titaniaSynthesis/0/Ar.vapor.orig  |  43 +
 .../laminar/titaniaSynthesis/0/Cl2.vapor.orig |  43 +
 .../laminar/titaniaSynthesis/0/N2.vapor.orig  |  43 +
 .../laminar/titaniaSynthesis/0/O2.vapor.orig  |  43 +
 .../laminar/titaniaSynthesis/0/T.particles    |  57 ++
 .../laminar/titaniaSynthesis/0/T.vapor        |  57 ++
 .../titaniaSynthesis/0/TiCl4.vapor.orig       |  43 +
 .../titaniaSynthesis/0/TiO2.particles.orig    |  43 +
 .../titaniaSynthesis/0/TiO2.vapor.orig        |  43 +
 .../laminar/titaniaSynthesis/0/U.particles    |  41 +
 .../laminar/titaniaSynthesis/0/U.vapor        |  44 +
 .../titaniaSynthesis/0/alpha.particles.orig   |  42 +
 .../titaniaSynthesis/0/alpha.vapor.orig       |  42 +
 .../titaniaSynthesis/0/f.particles.aggregates |  43 +
 .../laminar/titaniaSynthesis/0/p              |  44 +
 .../laminar/titaniaSynthesis/0/p_rgh          |  47 +
 .../laminar/titaniaSynthesis/Allrun           |  17 +
 .../constant/chemistryProperties.vapor        |  42 +
 .../constant/combustionProperties.vapor       |  21 +
 .../laminar/titaniaSynthesis/constant/g       |  23 +
 .../titaniaSynthesis/constant/phaseProperties | 207 +++++
 .../titaniaSynthesis/constant/reactions.vapor |  39 +
 .../titaniaSynthesis/constant/thermo.vapor    | 156 ++++
 .../thermophysicalProperties.particles        |  59 ++
 .../constant/thermophysicalProperties.vapor   |  34 +
 .../constant/turbulenceProperties.particles   |  21 +
 .../constant/turbulenceProperties.vapor       |  21 +
 .../titaniaSynthesis/system/blockMeshDict.m4  | 136 +++
 .../titaniaSynthesis/system/controlDict       |  80 ++
 .../laminar/titaniaSynthesis/system/fvSchemes |  66 ++
 .../titaniaSynthesis/system/fvSolution        |  97 +++
 .../titaniaSynthesis/system/singleGraph       |  37 +
 .../titaniaSynthesis/system/topoSetDict       |  44 +
 .../titaniaSynthesis/validation/createGraphs  |  49 ++
 .../validation/exptData/wallTemperature       |  49 ++
 325 files changed, 9239 insertions(+), 1711 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/interfacialModels/dragModels/aerosolDrag/aerosolDrag.C
 create mode 100644 applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/interfacialModels/dragModels/aerosolDrag/aerosolDrag.H
 create mode 100644 applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/interfacialModels/dragModels/timeScaleFilteredDrag/timeScaleFilteredDrag.C
 create mode 100644 applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/interfacialModels/dragModels/timeScaleFilteredDrag/timeScaleFilteredDrag.H
 create mode 100644 applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/interfacialModels/heatTransferModels/timeScaleFilteredHeatTransfer/timeScaleFilteredHeatTransfer.C
 create mode 100644 applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/interfacialModels/heatTransferModels/timeScaleFilteredHeatTransfer/timeScaleFilteredHeatTransfer.H
 mode change 100644 => 100755 applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/PhaseSystems/PopulationBalancePhaseSystem/PopulationBalancePhaseSystem.C
 create mode 100644 applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/diameterModels/velocityGroup/sizeGroup/SecondaryPropertyModel/SecondaryPropertyModel.C
 create mode 100644 applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/diameterModels/velocityGroup/sizeGroup/SecondaryPropertyModel/SecondaryPropertyModel.H
 create mode 100644 applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/diameterModels/velocityGroup/sizeGroup/shapeModels/fractal/fractal.C
 create mode 100644 applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/diameterModels/velocityGroup/sizeGroup/shapeModels/fractal/fractal.H
 create mode 100644 applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/diameterModels/velocityGroup/sizeGroup/shapeModels/fractal/sinteringModels/KochFriedlander/KochFriedlander.C
 create mode 100644 applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/diameterModels/velocityGroup/sizeGroup/shapeModels/fractal/sinteringModels/KochFriedlander/KochFriedlander.H
 create mode 100644 applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/diameterModels/velocityGroup/sizeGroup/shapeModels/fractal/sinteringModels/noSintering/noSintering.C
 create mode 100644 applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/diameterModels/velocityGroup/sizeGroup/shapeModels/fractal/sinteringModels/noSintering/noSintering.H
 create mode 100644 applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/diameterModels/velocityGroup/sizeGroup/shapeModels/fractal/sinteringModels/sinteringModel/sinteringModel.C
 create mode 100644 applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/diameterModels/velocityGroup/sizeGroup/shapeModels/fractal/sinteringModels/sinteringModel/sinteringModel.H
 create mode 100644 applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/diameterModels/velocityGroup/sizeGroup/shapeModels/shapeModel/shapeModel.C
 create mode 100644 applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/diameterModels/velocityGroup/sizeGroup/shapeModels/shapeModel/shapeModel.H
 create mode 100644 applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/diameterModels/velocityGroup/sizeGroup/shapeModels/spherical/spherical.C
 create mode 100644 applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/diameterModels/velocityGroup/sizeGroup/shapeModels/spherical/spherical.H
 create mode 100644 applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/coalescenceModels/DahnekeInterpolation/DahnekeInterpolation.C
 create mode 100644 applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/coalescenceModels/DahnekeInterpolation/DahnekeInterpolation.H
 create mode 100644 applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/coalescenceModels/ballisticCollisions/ballisticCollisions.C
 create mode 100644 applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/coalescenceModels/ballisticCollisions/ballisticCollisions.H
 create mode 100644 applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/coalescenceModels/brownianCollisions/brownianCollisions.C
 create mode 100644 applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/coalescenceModels/brownianCollisions/brownianCollisions.H
 create mode 100644 applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/coalescenceModels/turbulentShear/turbulentShear.C
 create mode 100644 applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/coalescenceModels/turbulentShear/turbulentShear.H
 create mode 100644 applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/nucleationModels/reactionDriven/reactionDriven.C
 create mode 100644 applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/nucleationModels/reactionDriven/reactionDriven.H
 rename test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/{populationBalanceModeling => populationBalance}/README (100%)
 rename test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/{populationBalanceModeling => populationBalance}/binaryBreakup/0/T.air1 (100%)
 rename test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/{populationBalanceModeling => populationBalance}/binaryBreakup/0/T.air2 (100%)
 rename test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/{populationBalanceModeling => populationBalance}/binaryBreakup/0/T.air3 (100%)
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 create mode 100755 test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/titaniaSynthesis/constant/chemistryProperties.vapor
 create mode 100644 test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/titaniaSynthesis/constant/combustionProperties.vapor
 create mode 100644 test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/titaniaSynthesis/constant/g
 create mode 100644 test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/titaniaSynthesis/constant/phaseProperties
 create mode 100755 test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/titaniaSynthesis/constant/reactions.vapor
 create mode 100755 test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/titaniaSynthesis/constant/thermo.vapor
 create mode 100644 test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/titaniaSynthesis/constant/thermophysicalProperties.particles
 create mode 100755 test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/titaniaSynthesis/constant/thermophysicalProperties.vapor
 create mode 100644 test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/titaniaSynthesis/constant/turbulenceProperties.particles
 create mode 100644 test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/titaniaSynthesis/constant/turbulenceProperties.vapor
 create mode 100644 test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/titaniaSynthesis/system/blockMeshDict
 create mode 100644 test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/titaniaSynthesis/system/controlDict
 create mode 100644 test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/titaniaSynthesis/system/fvSchemes
 create mode 100644 test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/titaniaSynthesis/system/fvSolution
 create mode 100644 test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/titaniaSynthesis/system/probes
 create mode 100755 test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/titaniaSynthesis/validation/createGraphs
 delete mode 100644 test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/drift/constant/phaseProperties
 delete mode 100755 test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/negativeDrift/Allrun
 create mode 100644 tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/0/Ar.vapor.orig
 create mode 100644 tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/0/Cl2.vapor.orig
 create mode 100644 tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/0/N2.vapor.orig
 create mode 100644 tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/0/O2.vapor.orig
 create mode 100644 tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/0/T.particles
 create mode 100644 tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/0/T.vapor
 create mode 100644 tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/0/TiCl4.vapor.orig
 create mode 100644 tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/0/TiO2.particles.orig
 create mode 100644 tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/0/TiO2.vapor.orig
 create mode 100644 tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/0/U.particles
 create mode 100644 tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/0/U.vapor
 create mode 100644 tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/0/alpha.particles.orig
 create mode 100644 tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/0/alpha.vapor.orig
 create mode 100644 tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/0/f.particles.aggregates
 create mode 100644 tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/0/p
 create mode 100644 tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/0/p_rgh
 create mode 100755 tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/Allrun
 create mode 100755 tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/constant/chemistryProperties.vapor
 create mode 100644 tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/constant/combustionProperties.vapor
 create mode 100644 tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/constant/g
 create mode 100644 tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/constant/phaseProperties
 create mode 100644 tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/constant/reactions.vapor
 create mode 100644 tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/constant/thermo.vapor
 create mode 100644 tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/constant/thermophysicalProperties.particles
 create mode 100644 tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/constant/thermophysicalProperties.vapor
 create mode 100644 tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/constant/turbulenceProperties.particles
 create mode 100644 tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/constant/turbulenceProperties.vapor
 create mode 100644 tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/system/blockMeshDict.m4
 create mode 100644 tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/system/controlDict
 create mode 100644 tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/system/fvSchemes
 create mode 100644 tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/system/fvSolution
 create mode 100644 tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/system/singleGraph
 create mode 100644 tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/system/topoSetDict
 create mode 100755 tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/validation/createGraphs
 create mode 100644 tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/validation/exptData/wallTemperature

diff --git a/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/functionObjects/Make/options b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/functionObjects/Make/options
index e635320449..327b3354f8 100644
--- a/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/functionObjects/Make/options
+++ b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/functionObjects/Make/options
@@ -3,9 +3,11 @@ EXE_INC = \
     -I$(LIB_SRC)/thermophysicalModels/basic/lnInclude \
     -I$(LIB_SRC)/transportModels/compressible/lnInclude \
     -I$(LIB_SRC)/functionObjects/field/lnInclude \
+    -I$(LIB_SRC)/fileFormats/lnInclude \
     -I../interfacialModels/lnInclude \
     -I../phaseSystems/lnInclude
 
 LIB_LIBS = \
     -lfieldFunctionObjects \
+    -lfileFormats \
     -lfiniteVolume
diff --git a/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/functionObjects/sizeDistribution/sizeDistribution.C b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/functionObjects/sizeDistribution/sizeDistribution.C
index 579879ca11..cdc2505807 100644
--- a/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/functionObjects/sizeDistribution/sizeDistribution.C
+++ b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/functionObjects/sizeDistribution/sizeDistribution.C
@@ -24,8 +24,10 @@ License
 \*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
 #include "sizeDistribution.H"
-#include "sizeGroup.H"
+#include "Time.H"
+#include "fvMesh.H"
 #include "addToRunTimeSelectionTable.H"
+#include "mathematicalConstants.H"
 
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Static Data Members * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
@@ -42,205 +44,259 @@ template<>
 const char*
 Foam::NamedEnum
 <
-    Foam::functionObjects::sizeDistribution::selectionModeTypes,
-    2
->::names[] = {"cellZone", "all"};
-
-template<>
-const char*
-Foam::NamedEnum
-<
-    Foam::functionObjects::sizeDistribution::functionTypes,
+    Foam::functionObjects::sizeDistribution::functionType,
     4
 >::names[] =
-    {
-        "numberDensity",
-        "volumeDensity",
-        "numberConcentration",
-        "moments"
-    };
-
-template<>
-const char*
-Foam::NamedEnum
-<
-    Foam::functionObjects::sizeDistribution::abszissaTypes,
-    2
->::names[] = {"diameter", "volume"};
+{
+    "moments",
+    "standardDeviation",
+    "number",
+    "volume"
+};
 
 const Foam::NamedEnum
 <
-    Foam::functionObjects::sizeDistribution::selectionModeTypes,
-    2
-> Foam::functionObjects::sizeDistribution::selectionModeTypeNames_;
-
-const Foam::NamedEnum
-<
-    Foam::functionObjects::sizeDistribution::functionTypes,
+    Foam::functionObjects::sizeDistribution::functionType,
     4
 > Foam::functionObjects::sizeDistribution::functionTypeNames_;
 
+template<>
+const char*
+Foam::NamedEnum
+<
+    Foam::functionObjects::sizeDistribution::coordinateType,
+    4
+>::names[] =
+{
+    "volume",
+    "area",
+    "diameter",
+    "projectedAreaDiameter"
+};
+
 const Foam::NamedEnum
 <
-    Foam::functionObjects::sizeDistribution::abszissaTypes,
-    2
-> Foam::functionObjects::sizeDistribution::abszissaTypeNames_;
+    Foam::functionObjects::sizeDistribution::coordinateType,
+    4
+> Foam::functionObjects::sizeDistribution::coordinateTypeNames_;
+
+using Foam::constant::mathematical::pi;
 
 
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * Protected Member Functions  * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
-void Foam::functionObjects::sizeDistribution::initialise
-(
-    const dictionary& dict
-)
-{
-    switch (functionType_)
-    {
-        case ftNdf:
-        {
-            break;
-        }
-
-        case ftVdf:
-        {
-            break;
-        }
-
-        case ftNc:
-        {
-            break;
-        }
-
-        case ftMom:
-        {
-            break;
-        }
-
-        default:
-        {
-            FatalIOErrorInFunction(dict)
-               << "Unknown functionType. Valid types are:"
-                << functionTypeNames_ << nl << exit(FatalIOError);
-        }
-    }
-
-    switch (abszissaType_)
-    {
-        case atDiameter:
-        {
-            break;
-        }
-
-        case atVolume:
-        {
-            break;
-        }
-
-        default:
-        {
-            FatalIOErrorInFunction(dict)
-                << "Unknown abszissaType. Valid types are:"
-                << abszissaTypeNames_ << nl << exit(FatalIOError);
-        }
-    }
-
-    setCellZoneCells();
-
-    if (nCells_ == 0)
-    {
-        FatalIOErrorInFunction(dict)
-            << type() << " " << name() << ": "
-            << selectionModeTypeNames_[selectionModeType_]
-            << "(" << selectionModeTypeName_ << "):" << nl
-            << "    Selection has no cells" << exit(FatalIOError);
-    }
-
-    volume_ = volume();
-
-    Info<< type() << " " << name() << ":"
-        << selectionModeTypeNames_[selectionModeType_]
-        << "(" << selectionModeTypeName_ << "):" << nl
-        << "    total cells  = " << nCells_ << nl
-        << "    total volume = " << volume_
-        << nl << endl;
-}
-
-
-void Foam::functionObjects::sizeDistribution::setCellZoneCells()
-{
-    switch (selectionModeType_)
-    {
-        case rtCellZone:
-        {
-            dict().lookup("cellZone") >> selectionModeTypeName_;
-
-            label zoneId =
-                mesh().cellZones().findZoneID(selectionModeTypeName_);
-
-            if (zoneId < 0)
-            {
-                FatalIOErrorInFunction(dict_)
-                    << "Unknown cellZone name: " << selectionModeTypeName_
-                    << ". Valid cellZone names are: "
-                    << mesh().cellZones().names()
-                    << nl << exit(FatalIOError);
-            }
-
-            cellId_ = mesh().cellZones()[zoneId];
-            nCells_ = returnReduce(cellId_.size(), sumOp<label>());
-            break;
-        }
-
-        case rtAll:
-        {
-            cellId_ = identity(mesh().nCells());
-            nCells_ = returnReduce(cellId_.size(), sumOp<label>());
-            break;
-        }
-
-        default:
-        {
-            FatalIOErrorInFunction(dict_)
-               << "Unknown selectionMode type. Valid selectionMode types are:"
-                << selectionModeTypeNames_ << nl << exit(FatalIOError);
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-
-Foam::scalar Foam::functionObjects::sizeDistribution::volume() const
-{
-    return gSum(filterField(mesh().V()));
-}
-
-
-void Foam::functionObjects::sizeDistribution::combineFields(scalarField& field)
-{
-    List<scalarField> allValues(Pstream::nProcs());
-
-    allValues[Pstream::myProcNo()] = field;
-
-    Pstream::gatherList(allValues);
-
-    if (Pstream::master())
-    {
-        field =
-            ListListOps::combine<scalarField>
-            (
-                allValues,
-                accessOp<scalarField>()
-            );
-    }
-}
-
-
 Foam::tmp<Foam::scalarField>
 Foam::functionObjects::sizeDistribution::filterField
 (
     const scalarField& field
 ) const
 {
-    return tmp<scalarField>(new scalarField(field, cellId_));
+    if (isNull(cellIDs()))
+    {
+        return field;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        return tmp<scalarField>(new scalarField(field, cellIDs()));
+    }
+}
+
+
+void Foam::functionObjects::sizeDistribution::correctVolAverages()
+{
+    forAll(N_, i)
+    {
+        const Foam::diameterModels::sizeGroup& fi = popBal_.sizeGroups()[i];
+
+        scalarField Ni(filterField(fi*fi.phase()/fi.x()));
+        scalarField V(filterField(mesh_.V()));
+        scalarField ai(filterField(fi.a()));
+        scalarField di(Ni.size());
+
+        switch (coordinateType_)
+        {
+            case ctProjectedAreaDiameter:
+            {
+                di = sqrt(ai/pi);
+
+                break;
+            }
+            default:
+            {
+                di = fi.d();
+
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        N_[i] = gSum(V*Ni)/this->V();
+        a_[i] = gSum(V*ai)/this->V();
+        d_[i] = gSum(V*di)/this->V();
+    }
+
+    forAll(bins_, i)
+    {
+        const Foam::diameterModels::sizeGroup& fi = popBal_.sizeGroups()[i];
+
+        bins_[i] = point(fi.x().value(), a_[i], d_[i]);
+    }
+}
+
+
+void Foam::functionObjects::sizeDistribution::writeMoments()
+{
+    logFiles::write();
+
+    Log << "    writing moments of size distribution." << endl;
+
+    if (Pstream::master())
+    {
+        writeTime(file());
+    }
+
+    for (label k = 0; k <= maxOrder_; k++)
+    {
+        scalar result = 0;
+
+        forAll(N_, i)
+        {
+            result += pow(bins_[i][binCmpt_], k)*N_[i];
+        }
+
+        if (Pstream::master())
+        {
+            file() << tab << result;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (Pstream::master())
+    {
+        file() << endl;
+    }
+}
+
+
+void Foam::functionObjects::sizeDistribution::writeStdDev()
+{
+    logFiles::write();
+
+    Log << "    writing standard deviation of size distribution."
+        << endl;
+
+    if (Pstream::master())
+    {
+        writeTime(file());
+    }
+
+    scalar stdDev = 0;
+    scalar mean = 0;
+    scalar var = 0;
+
+    if(sum(N_) != 0)
+    {
+        if (geometric_)
+        {
+            mean = exp(sum(Foam::log(bins_.component(binCmpt_))*N_/sum(N_)));
+
+            var =
+                sum(sqr(Foam::log(bins_.component(binCmpt_)) - Foam::log(mean))
+               *N_/sum(N_));
+
+            stdDev = exp(sqrt(var));
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            mean = sum(bins_.component(binCmpt_)*N_/sum(N_));
+
+            var = sum(sqr(bins_.component(binCmpt_) - mean)*N_/sum(N_));
+
+            stdDev = sqrt(var);
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (Pstream::master())
+    {
+        file() << tab << stdDev << tab << mean << tab << var << endl;
+    }
+}
+
+
+void Foam::functionObjects::sizeDistribution::writeDistribution()
+{
+    scalarField result(N_);
+
+    switch (functionType_)
+    {
+        case ftNumber:
+        {
+            Log << "    writing number distribution. "
+                << endl;
+
+            break;
+        }
+        case ftVolume:
+        {
+            Log << "    writing volume distribution. "
+                << endl;
+
+            result *= bins_.component(0);
+
+            break;
+        }
+        default:
+        {
+            break;
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    if (normalize_)
+    {
+        if(sum(result) != 0)
+        {
+            result /= sum(result);
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    if (densityFunction_)
+    {
+        List<scalar> bndrs(N_.size() + 1);
+
+        bndrs.first() = bins_.first()[binCmpt_];
+        bndrs.last() = bins_.last()[binCmpt_];
+
+        for (label i = 1; i < N_.size(); i++)
+        {
+            bndrs[i] = (bins_[i][binCmpt_] + bins_[i-1][binCmpt_])/2.0;
+        }
+
+        forAll(result, i)
+        {
+            if (geometric_)
+            {
+                result[i] /=
+                    (Foam::log(bndrs[i+1]) - Foam::log(bndrs[i]));
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                result[i] /= (bndrs[i+1] - bndrs[i]);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (Pstream::master())
+    {
+        const coordSet coords
+        (
+            "sizeDistribution",
+            "xyz",
+            bins_,
+            mag(bins_)
+        );
+
+        writeGraph(coords, functionTypeNames_[functionType_], result);
+    }
 }
 
 
@@ -249,91 +305,83 @@ void Foam::functionObjects::sizeDistribution::writeFileHeader
     const label i
 )
 {
-    OFstream& file = this->file();
+    volRegion::writeFileHeader(*this, file());
+
+    writeHeaderValue
+    (
+        file(),
+        "Coordinate",
+        word(coordinateTypeNames_[coordinateType_])
+    );
+
+    word str("Time");
 
     switch (functionType_)
     {
-        case ftNdf:
+        case ftMoments:
         {
-            writeHeader(file, "Number density function");
-            break;
-        }
-
-        case ftVdf:
-        {
-            writeHeader(file, "Volume density function");
-            break;
-        }
-
-        case ftNc:
-        {
-            writeHeader(file, "Number concentration");
-            break;
-        }
-
-        case ftMom:
-        {
-            writeHeader(file, "Moments");
-            break;
-        }
-    }
-
-    switch (abszissaType_)
-    {
-        case atVolume:
-        {
-            writeCommented(file, "Time/volume");
-            break;
-        }
-
-        case atDiameter:
-        {
-            writeCommented(file, "Time/diameter");
-            break;
-        }
-    }
-
-    switch (functionType_)
-    {
-        case ftMom:
-        {
-            for (label i = 0; i <= momentOrder_; i++)
+            for (label k = 0; k <= maxOrder_; k++)
             {
-                file() << tab << i;
+                str += (" k=" + std::to_string(k));
             }
 
             break;
         }
+
+        case ftStdDev:
+        {
+            str += " standardDeviation mean variance";
+
+            break;
+        }
+
         default:
         {
-            forAll(popBal_.sizeGroups(), sizeGroupi)
-            {
-                const diameterModels::sizeGroup& fi =
-                    popBal_.sizeGroups()[sizeGroupi];
-
-                switch (abszissaType_)
-                {
-                    case atDiameter:
-                    {
-                        file() << tab  << fi.d().value();
-
-                        break;
-                    }
-
-                    case atVolume:
-                    {
-                        file() << tab  << fi.x().value();
-
-                        break;
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-
             break;
         }
     }
 
-    file << endl;
+    writeCommented(file(), str);
+
+    file() << endl;
+}
+
+
+void Foam::functionObjects::sizeDistribution::writeGraph
+(
+    const coordSet& coords,
+    const word& functionTypeName,
+    const scalarField& values
+)
+{
+    const wordList functionTypeNames(1, functionTypeName);
+
+    fileName outputPath = file_.baseTimeDir();
+
+    mkDir(outputPath);
+    OFstream graphFile
+    (
+        outputPath/(this->name() + ".dat")
+    );
+
+    volRegion::writeFileHeader(file_, graphFile);
+
+    file_.writeCommented(graphFile, "Volume area diameter " + functionTypeName);
+
+    if (densityFunction_)
+    {
+        graphFile << "Density";
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        graphFile << "Concentration";
+    }
+
+    graphFile << endl;
+
+    List<const scalarField*> yPtrs(1);
+    yPtrs[0] = &values;
+    scalarFormatter_().write(coords, functionTypeNames, yPtrs, graphFile);
 }
 
 
@@ -347,19 +395,10 @@ Foam::functionObjects::sizeDistribution::sizeDistribution
 )
 :
     fvMeshFunctionObject(name, runTime, dict),
+    volRegion(fvMeshFunctionObject::mesh_, dict),
     logFiles(obr_, name),
-    dict_(dict),
-    selectionModeType_
-    (
-        selectionModeTypeNames_.read(dict.lookup("selectionMode"))
-    ),
-    selectionModeTypeName_(word::null),
-    functionType_(functionTypeNames_.read(dict.lookup("functionType"))),
-    abszissaType_(abszissaTypeNames_.read(dict.lookup("abszissaType"))),
-    nCells_(0),
-    cellId_(),
-    volume_(0.0),
-    writeVolume_(dict.lookupOrDefault("writeVolume", false)),
+    mesh_(fvMeshFunctionObject::mesh_),
+    file_(obr_, name),
     popBal_
     (
         obr_.lookupObject<Foam::diameterModels::populationBalanceModel>
@@ -367,14 +406,46 @@ Foam::functionObjects::sizeDistribution::sizeDistribution
             dict.lookup("populationBalance")
         )
     ),
-    N_(popBal_.sizeGroups().size()),
-    momentOrder_(dict.lookupOrDefault<label>("momentOrder", 0)),
-    normalize_(dict.lookupOrDefault("normalize", false)),
-    sumN_(0.0),
-    sumV_(0.0)
+    functionType_(functionTypeNames_.read(dict.lookup("functionType"))),
+    coordinateType_(coordinateTypeNames_.read(dict.lookup("coordinateType"))),
+    N_(popBal_.sizeGroups().size(), 0),
+    a_(popBal_.sizeGroups().size(), 0),
+    d_(popBal_.sizeGroups().size(), 0),
+    bins_(N_.size()),
+    binCmpt_(0)
 {
     read(dict);
     resetName(name);
+
+    switch (coordinateType_)
+    {
+        case ctVolume:
+        {
+            binCmpt_ = 0;
+
+            break;
+        }
+        case ctArea:
+        {
+            binCmpt_ = 1;
+
+            break;
+        }
+        case ctDiameter:
+        {
+            binCmpt_ = 2;
+
+            break;
+        }
+        case ctProjectedAreaDiameter:
+        {
+            binCmpt_ = 2;
+
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    scalarFormatter_ = writer<scalar>::New("raw");
 }
 
 
@@ -388,16 +459,14 @@ Foam::functionObjects::sizeDistribution::~sizeDistribution()
 
 bool Foam::functionObjects::sizeDistribution::read(const dictionary& dict)
 {
-    if (dict != dict_)
-    {
-        dict_ = dict;
-    }
-
     fvMeshFunctionObject::read(dict);
 
-    initialise(dict);
+    normalize_ = dict.lookupOrDefault<Switch>("normalize", false);
+    densityFunction_ = dict.lookupOrDefault<Switch>("densityFunction", false);
+    geometric_ = dict.lookupOrDefault<Switch>("geometric", false);
+    maxOrder_ = dict.lookupOrDefault("maxOrder", 3);
 
-    return true;
+    return false;
 }
 
 
@@ -407,189 +476,40 @@ bool Foam::functionObjects::sizeDistribution::execute()
 }
 
 
+bool Foam::functionObjects::sizeDistribution::end()
+{
+    return true;
+}
+
+
 bool Foam::functionObjects::sizeDistribution::write()
 {
-    logFiles::write();
+    Log << type() << " " << name() << " write:" << nl;
 
-    if (Pstream::master())
+    correctVolAverages();
+
+    switch (functionType_)
     {
-        writeTime(file());
-    }
-
-    Log << type() << " " << name() << " write" << nl;
-
-    scalarField V(filterField(mesh().V()));
-    combineFields(V);
-
-    sumN_ = 0;
-    sumV_ = 0;
-
-    forAll(N_, i)
-    {
-        const Foam::diameterModels::sizeGroup& fi = popBal_.sizeGroups()[i];
-
-        const volScalarField& alpha = fi.VelocityGroup().phase();
-
-        scalarField Ni(fi*alpha/fi.x());
-        scalarField values(filterField(Ni));
-        scalarField V(filterField(mesh().V()));
-
-        // Combine onto master
-        combineFields(values);
-        combineFields(V);
-
-        if (Pstream::master())
+        case ftMoments:
         {
-            // Calculate volume-averaged number concentration
-            N_[i] = sum(V*values)/sum(V);
+            writeMoments();
+
+            break;
         }
 
-        sumN_ += N_[i];
-
-        sumV_ += N_[i]*fi.x().value();
-    }
-
-    if (Pstream::master())
-    {
-        switch (functionType_)
+        case ftStdDev:
         {
-            case ftMom:
-            {
-                for (label m = 0; m <= momentOrder_; m++)
-                {
-                    scalar result(0.0);
+            writeStdDev();
 
-                    forAll(N_, i)
-                    {
-                        const Foam::diameterModels::sizeGroup& fi =
-                            popBal_.sizeGroups()[i];
-
-                        switch (abszissaType_)
-                        {
-                            case atVolume:
-                            {
-                                result += pow(fi.x().value(), m)*N_[i];
-
-                                break;
-                            }
-
-                            case atDiameter:
-                            {
-                                result += pow(fi.d().value(), m)*N_[i];
-
-                                break;
-                            }
-                        }
-                    }
-
-                    file() << tab << result;
-                }
-
-                break;
-            }
-
-            default:
-            {
-                forAll(popBal_.sizeGroups(), i)
-                {
-                    const Foam::diameterModels::sizeGroup& fi =
-                        popBal_.sizeGroups()[i];
-
-                    scalar result(0.0);
-                    scalar delta(0.0);
-
-                    switch (abszissaType_)
-                    {
-                        case atVolume:
-                        {
-                            delta = popBal_.v()[i+1].value()
-                              - popBal_.v()[i].value();
-
-                            break;
-                        }
-
-                        case atDiameter:
-                        {
-                            const scalar& formFactor =
-                                fi.VelocityGroup().formFactor().value();
-
-                            delta =
-                                pow
-                                (
-                                    popBal_.v()[i+1].value()
-                                   /formFactor,
-                                    1.0/3.0
-                                )
-                              - pow
-                                (
-                                    popBal_.v()[i].value()
-                                   /formFactor,
-                                    1.0/3.0
-                                );
-
-                            break;
-                        }
-                    }
-
-                    switch (functionType_)
-                    {
-                        case ftNdf:
-                        {
-                            if (normalize_ == true)
-                            {
-                                result = N_[i]/delta/sumN_;
-                            }
-                            else
-                            {
-                                result = N_[i]/delta;
-                            }
-
-                            break;
-                        }
-
-                        case ftVdf:
-                        {
-                            if (normalize_ == true)
-                            {
-                                result = N_[i]*fi.x().value()/delta/sumV_;
-                            }
-                            else
-                            {
-                                result = N_[i]*fi.x().value()/delta;
-                            }
-
-                            break;
-                        }
-
-                        case ftNc:
-                        {
-                            if (normalize_ == true)
-                            {
-                                result = N_[i]/sumN_;
-                            }
-                            else
-                            {
-                                result = N_[i];
-                            }
-
-                            break;
-                        }
-
-                        default:
-                        {
-                            break;
-                        }
-                    }
-
-                    file()<< tab << result;
-                }
-            }
+            break;
         }
-    }
 
-    if (Pstream::master())
-    {
-        file()<< endl;
+        default:
+        {
+            writeDistribution();
+
+            break;
+        }
     }
 
     Log << endl;
diff --git a/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/functionObjects/sizeDistribution/sizeDistribution.H b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/functionObjects/sizeDistribution/sizeDistribution.H
index 362d8cbc6e..8379fc08c5 100644
--- a/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/functionObjects/sizeDistribution/sizeDistribution.H
+++ b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/functionObjects/sizeDistribution/sizeDistribution.H
@@ -25,70 +25,63 @@ Class
     Foam::functionObjects::sizeDistribution
 
 Description
-    This function object calculates and outputs information about the size
-    distribution of the dispersed phase, such as the number density function or
-    its moments. It is designed to be used exclusively with the population
-    balance modeling functionality of the reactingEulerFoam solvers. It can be
-    applied to a specific cellZone or the entire domain.
+    This function object calculates and outputs volume-averaged information
+    about the size distribution of the dispersed phase, such as the number
+    density function or its moments. It is designed to be used exclusively with
+    the population balance modeling functionality of the reactingEulerFoam
+    solvers. It can be applied to a specific cellZone or the entire domain. The
+    function type determines whether the density function and its moments are
+    based on the number of dispersed phase elements in a size group or their
+    total volume.
 
     Example of function object specification:
     \verbatim
-    box.all.numberDensity.volume.bubbles
+    numberDensity
     {
-        type sizeDistribution;
+        type           sizeDistribution;
         libs ("libreactingEulerFoamFunctionObjects.so");
-        writeControl    outputTime;
-        writeInterval   1;
-        log             true;
         ...
-        functionType        numberDensity;
-        abszissaType        volume;
-        selectionMode       all;
-        populationBalanceModel   bubbles;
-        normalize           true;
+        populationBalance   bubbles;
+        regionType          cellZone;
+        name                zone0;
+        functionType        number;
+        coordinateType      volume;
+        densityFunction     yes;
     }
     \endverbatim
 
 Usage
     \table
-        Property        | Description           | Required    | Default value
-        type            | type name: sizeDistribution | yes |
-        functionType    | numberDensity, volumeDensity, numberConcentration,
-                          moments | yes |
-        abszissaType    | volume, diameter | yes |
-        momentOrder     | Write moment up to given order | no | 0
-        selectionMode | Evaluate for cellZone or entire mesh | yes |
-        cellZone      | Required if selectionMode is cellZone |   |
-        populationBalanceModel    | Respective populationBalanceModel | yes |
-        normalize | Normalization | no |
+        Property     | Description               | Required | Default value
+        type         | type name: sizeDistribution | yes    |
+        populationBalance | corresponding populationBalance | yes |
+        functionType | number/volume/moments/stdDev | yes   |
+        coordinateType | used for density/moment calculation | yes |
+        normalize    | normalize concentrations  | no       | no
+        densityFunction | compute densityFunction | no      | no
+        logBased     | use log of coordinate for density | no | no
+        maxOrder     | maxim order of moment output | no    | 3
     \endtable
 
-See also
-    Foam::diameterModels::populationBalanceModel
-    Foam::functionObject
-    Foam::functionObjects::fvMeshFunctionObject
-    Foam::functionObjects::logFiles
-
 SourceFiles
     sizeDistribution.C
 
 \*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
-#ifndef functionObjects_sizeDistribution_H
-#define functionObjects_sizeDistribution_H
+#ifndef sizeDistribution_H
+#define sizeDistribution_H
 
 #include "fvMeshFunctionObject.H"
+#include "volRegion.H"
 #include "logFiles.H"
 #include "populationBalanceModel.H"
+#include "writeFile.H"
+#include "writer.H"
 
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
 namespace Foam
 {
-
-// Forward declaration of classes
-class fvMesh;
-
 namespace functionObjects
 {
 
@@ -99,118 +92,116 @@ namespace functionObjects
 class sizeDistribution
 :
     public fvMeshFunctionObject,
+    public volRegion,
     public logFiles
 {
-
 public:
 
-    // Public data types
-
-        //- Selection mode type enumeration
-        enum selectionModeTypes
-        {
-            rtCellZone,
-            rtAll
-        };
-
-        //- Selection mode type names
-        static const NamedEnum<selectionModeTypes, 2> selectionModeTypeNames_;
-
+    // Public Data Types
 
         //- Function type enumeration
-        enum functionTypes
+        enum functionType
         {
-            ftNdf,
-            ftVdf,
-            ftNc,
-            ftMom
+            ftMoments,
+            ftStdDev,
+            ftNumber,
+            ftVolume
         };
 
-        //- Function type names
-        static const NamedEnum<functionTypes, 4> functionTypeNames_;
+        //- Ordinate type names
+        static const NamedEnum<functionType, 4> functionTypeNames_;
 
-
-        //- abszissa type enumeration
-        enum abszissaTypes
+        //- Coordinate type enumeration
+        enum coordinateType
         {
-            atDiameter,
-            atVolume,
+            ctVolume,
+            ctArea,
+            ctDiameter,
+            ctProjectedAreaDiameter
         };
 
-        //- Abszissa type names
-        static const NamedEnum<abszissaTypes, 2> abszissaTypeNames_;
+        //- Coordinate type names
+        static const NamedEnum<coordinateType, 4> coordinateTypeNames_;
 
 
 protected:
 
-    // Protected data
+    // Protected Data
 
-        //- Construction dictionary
-        dictionary dict_;
+        //- Reference to fvMesh
+        const fvMesh& mesh_;
 
-        //- Selection mode type
-        selectionModeTypes selectionModeType_;
+        //- File containing data for all functionTypes except moments
+        writeFile file_;
 
-        //- Name of selection
-        word selectionModeTypeName_;
+        //- Output formatter, set to raw
+        autoPtr<writer<scalar>> scalarFormatter_;
 
-        //- Function type
-        functionTypes functionType_;
-
-        //- Abszissa type
-        abszissaTypes abszissaType_;
-
-        //- Global number of cells
-        label nCells_;
-
-        //- Local list of cell IDs
-        labelList cellId_;
-
-        //- Total volume of the evaluated selection
-        scalar volume_;
-
-        //- Optionally write the volume of the sizeDistribution
-        bool writeVolume_;
-
-        //- PopulationBalance
+        //- Reference to populationBalanceModel
         const Foam::diameterModels::populationBalanceModel& popBal_;
 
-        //- Number concentrations
-        List<scalar> N_;
+        //- Function to evaluate
+        functionType functionType_;
 
-        //- Write moments up to specified order with respect to abszissaType
-        label momentOrder_;
+        //- Abscissa type
+        coordinateType coordinateType_;
 
-        //- Normalization switch
-        const Switch normalize_;
+        //- List of volume-averaged number concentations
+        scalarField N_;
 
-        //- Sum of number concentrations
-        scalar sumN_;
+        //- List of volume-averaged surface areas
+        scalarField a_;
 
-        //- Volumertic sum
-        scalar sumV_;
+        //- List of volume-averaged diameters
+        scalarField d_;
+
+        //- Normalize number/volume concentrations
+        Switch normalize_;
+
+        //- Determines whether density function is calculated
+        Switch densityFunction_;
+
+        //- Geometric standard deviation/density function
+        Switch geometric_;
+
+        //- Highest moment order
+        label maxOrder_;
+
+        //- Bins (respresentative volume/area/diameter)
+        pointField bins_;
+
+        //- Bin component used according to chosen coordinate type
+        label binCmpt_;
 
 
     // Protected Member Functions
 
-        //- Initialise, e.g. cell addressing
-        void initialise(const dictionary& dict);
-
-        //- Set cells to evaluate based on a cell zone
-        void setCellZoneCells();
-
-        //- Calculate and return volume of the evaluated cell zone
-        scalar volume() const;
-
-        //- Combine fields from all processor domains into single field
-        void combineFields(scalarField& field);
-
         //- Filter field according to cellIds
         tmp<scalarField> filterField(const scalarField& field) const;
 
-        //- Output file header information
+        //- Correct volume averages
+        void correctVolAverages();
+
+        //- Write moments
+        void writeMoments();
+
+        //- Write standard deviation
+        void writeStdDev();
+
+        //- Write distribution
+        void writeDistribution();
+
+        //- Output file header information for functionType moments
         virtual void writeFileHeader(const label i);
 
+        //- Output function for all functionType number/volume
+        void writeGraph
+        (
+            const coordSet& coords,
+            const word& functionTypeName,
+            const scalarField& values
+        );
+
 
 public:
 
@@ -228,6 +219,9 @@ public:
             const dictionary& dict
         );
 
+        //- Disallow default bitwise copy construction
+        sizeDistribution(const sizeDistribution&) = delete;
+
 
     //- Destructor
     virtual ~sizeDistribution();
@@ -235,32 +229,23 @@ public:
 
     // Member Functions
 
-        //- Return the reference to the construction dictionary
-        const dictionary& dict() const
-        {
-            return dict_;
-        }
+        //- Read the sizeDistribution data
+        virtual bool read(const dictionary&);
 
-        //- Return the local list of cell IDs
-        const labelList& cellId() const
-        {
-            return cellId_;
-        }
-
-        //- Helper function to return the reference to the mesh
-        const fvMesh& mesh() const
-        {
-            return refCast<const fvMesh>(obr_);
-        }
-
-        //- Read from dictionary
-        virtual bool read(const dictionary& dict);
-
-        //- Execute
+        //- Execute, currently does nothing
         virtual bool execute();
 
-        //- Write
+        //- Execute at the final time-loop, currently does nothing
+        virtual bool end();
+
+        //- Calculate and write the size distribution
         virtual bool write();
+
+
+    // Member Operators
+
+        //- Disallow default bitwise assignment
+        void operator=(const sizeDistribution&) = delete;
 };
 
 
diff --git a/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/interfacialModels/Make/files b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/interfacialModels/Make/files
index 34774329fa..31004435e9 100644
--- a/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/interfacialModels/Make/files
+++ b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/interfacialModels/Make/files
@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@ dragModels/TomiyamaKataokaZunSakaguchi/TomiyamaKataokaZunSakaguchi.C
 dragModels/WenYu/WenYu.C
 dragModels/IshiiZuber/IshiiZuber.C
 dragModels/AttouFerschneider/AttouFerschneider.C
+dragModels/aerosolDrag/aerosolDrag.C
+dragModels/timeScaleFilteredDrag/timeScaleFilteredDrag.C
 
 swarmCorrections/swarmCorrection/swarmCorrection.C
 swarmCorrections/swarmCorrection/newSwarmCorrection.C
@@ -36,6 +38,7 @@ heatTransferModels/heatTransferModel/newHeatTransferModel.C
 heatTransferModels/constantNu/constantNuHeatTransfer.C
 heatTransferModels/RanzMarshall/RanzMarshall.C
 heatTransferModels/sphericalHeatTransfer/sphericalHeatTransfer.C
+heatTransferModels/timeScaleFilteredHeatTransfer/timeScaleFilteredHeatTransfer.C
 
 virtualMassModels/virtualMassModel/virtualMassModel.C
 virtualMassModels/virtualMassModel/newVirtualMassModel.C
diff --git a/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/interfacialModels/dragModels/aerosolDrag/aerosolDrag.C b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/interfacialModels/dragModels/aerosolDrag/aerosolDrag.C
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6e6c2abce5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/interfacialModels/dragModels/aerosolDrag/aerosolDrag.C
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2019 OpenFOAM Foundation
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "aerosolDrag.H"
+#include "phasePair.H"
+#include "swarmCorrection.H"
+#include "addToRunTimeSelectionTable.H"
+#include "constants.H"
+
+using namespace Foam::constant;
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Static Data Members * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+namespace dragModels
+{
+    defineTypeNameAndDebug(aerosolDrag, 0);
+    addToRunTimeSelectionTable(dragModel, aerosolDrag, dictionary);
+}
+}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Constructors  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+Foam::dragModels::aerosolDrag::aerosolDrag
+(
+    const dictionary& dict,
+    const phasePair& pair,
+    const bool registerObject
+)
+:
+    dragModel(dict, pair, registerObject),
+    A1_(dict.lookupOrDefault<scalar>("A1", 2.514)),
+    A2_(dict.lookupOrDefault<scalar>("A2", 0.8)),
+    A3_(dict.lookupOrDefault<scalar>("A3", 0.55)),
+    dm_(dimensionedScalar::lookupOrDefault("dm", dict, dimLength, 364e-12))
+{}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Destructor  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+Foam::dragModels::aerosolDrag::~aerosolDrag()
+{}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Member Functions  * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+Foam::tmp<Foam::volScalarField> Foam::dragModels::aerosolDrag::CdRe() const
+{
+    const volScalarField lambda
+    (
+        physicoChemical::k
+       *pair_.continuous().thermo().T()
+       /sqrt(2.0)
+       /mathematical::pi
+       /pair_.continuous().thermo().p()
+       /sqr(dm_)
+    );
+
+    const volScalarField& dp = pair_.dispersed().d();
+
+    const volScalarField Cc
+    (
+        1 + lambda/dp*(A1_ + A2_*exp(-A3_*dp/lambda))
+    );
+
+    return 24/Cc;
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/interfacialModels/dragModels/aerosolDrag/aerosolDrag.H b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/interfacialModels/dragModels/aerosolDrag/aerosolDrag.H
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a276d49eab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/interfacialModels/dragModels/aerosolDrag/aerosolDrag.H
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2019 OpenFOAM Foundation
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+Class
+    Foam::dragModels::aerosolDrag
+
+Description
+    This drag model is intended for simulations involving dispersed phase
+    with a very small diameter. It combines the Stokes drag with a
+    Cunningham correction factor.
+
+SourceFiles
+    aerosolDrag.C
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef aerosolDrag_H
+#define aerosolDrag_H
+
+#include "dragModel.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+
+class phasePair;
+
+namespace dragModels
+{
+
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+                           Class aerosolDrag Declaration
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+class aerosolDrag
+:
+    public dragModel
+{
+    // Private Data
+
+        //- Model coefficient A1
+        const scalar A1_;
+
+        //- Model coefficient A2
+        const scalar A2_;
+
+        //- Model coefficient A3
+        const scalar A3_;
+
+        //- Diameter of the continuous phase molecules, defaults to value for N2
+        const dimensionedScalar dm_;
+
+
+public:
+
+    //- Runtime type information
+    TypeName("aerosolDrag");
+
+
+    // Constructors
+
+        //- Construct from a dictionary and a phase pair
+        aerosolDrag
+        (
+            const dictionary& dict,
+            const phasePair& pair,
+            const bool registerObject
+        );
+
+
+    //- Destructor
+    virtual ~aerosolDrag();
+
+
+    // Member Functions
+
+        //- Drag coefficient
+        virtual tmp<volScalarField> CdRe() const;
+};
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+} // End namespace dragModels
+} // End namespace Foam
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+#endif
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/interfacialModels/dragModels/timeScaleFilteredDrag/timeScaleFilteredDrag.C b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/interfacialModels/dragModels/timeScaleFilteredDrag/timeScaleFilteredDrag.C
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..152644117a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/interfacialModels/dragModels/timeScaleFilteredDrag/timeScaleFilteredDrag.C
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2019 OpenFOAM Foundation
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "timeScaleFilteredDrag.H"
+#include "phasePair.H"
+#include "swarmCorrection.H"
+#include "addToRunTimeSelectionTable.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Static Data Members * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+namespace dragModels
+{
+    defineTypeNameAndDebug(timeScaleFilteredDrag, 0);
+    addToRunTimeSelectionTable(dragModel, timeScaleFilteredDrag, dictionary);
+}
+}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Constructors  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+Foam::dragModels::timeScaleFilteredDrag::timeScaleFilteredDrag
+(
+    const dictionary& dict,
+    const phasePair& pair,
+    const bool registerObject
+)
+:
+    dragModel(dict.subDict("dragModel"), pair, registerObject),
+    dragModel_
+    (
+        dragModel::New(dict.subDict("dragModel"), pair)
+    ),
+    minRelaxTime_("minRelaxTime", dimTime, dict)
+{}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Destructor  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+Foam::dragModels::timeScaleFilteredDrag::~timeScaleFilteredDrag()
+{}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Member Functions  * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+Foam::tmp<Foam::volScalarField>
+Foam::dragModels::timeScaleFilteredDrag::CdRe() const
+{
+    const volScalarField limit
+    (
+        sqr(pair_.dispersed().d())
+       *pair_.dispersed().rho()
+       /0.75
+       /swarmCorrection_->Cs()
+       /pair_.continuous().rho()
+       /pair_.continuous().nu()
+       /minRelaxTime_
+    );
+
+    return min(dragModel_->CdRe(), limit);
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/interfacialModels/dragModels/timeScaleFilteredDrag/timeScaleFilteredDrag.H b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/interfacialModels/dragModels/timeScaleFilteredDrag/timeScaleFilteredDrag.H
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..33c7acb8d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/interfacialModels/dragModels/timeScaleFilteredDrag/timeScaleFilteredDrag.H
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2019 OpenFOAM Foundation
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+Class
+    Foam::dragModels::timeScaleFiltered
+
+Description
+    A time scale filtering wrapper around an underlying drag model intended for
+    simulations involving dispersed phase with a very small diameter.
+    The model limits the drag coefficient based on the relaxation time given.
+
+SourceFiles
+    timeScaleFiltered.C
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef timeScaleFilteredDrag_H
+#define timeScaleFilteredDrag_H
+
+#include "dragModel.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+
+class phasePair;
+
+namespace dragModels
+{
+
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+                    Class timeScaleFilteredDrag Declaration
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+class timeScaleFilteredDrag
+:
+    public dragModel
+{
+    // Private Data
+
+        //- Pointer to the underlying drag model
+        autoPtr<dragModel> dragModel_;
+
+        //- The minimum relaxation time
+        const dimensionedScalar minRelaxTime_;
+
+
+public:
+
+    //- Runtime type information
+    TypeName("timeScaleFiltered");
+
+
+    // Constructors
+
+        //- Construct from a dictionary and a phase pair
+        timeScaleFilteredDrag
+        (
+            const dictionary& dict,
+            const phasePair& pair,
+            const bool registerObject
+        );
+
+
+    //- Destructor
+    virtual ~timeScaleFilteredDrag();
+
+
+    // Member Functions
+
+        //- Drag coefficient
+        virtual tmp<volScalarField> CdRe() const;
+};
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+} // End namespace dragModels
+} // End namespace Foam
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+#endif
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/interfacialModels/heatTransferModels/timeScaleFilteredHeatTransfer/timeScaleFilteredHeatTransfer.C b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/interfacialModels/heatTransferModels/timeScaleFilteredHeatTransfer/timeScaleFilteredHeatTransfer.C
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..459e6713b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/interfacialModels/heatTransferModels/timeScaleFilteredHeatTransfer/timeScaleFilteredHeatTransfer.C
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2019 OpenFOAM Foundation
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "timeScaleFilteredHeatTransfer.H"
+#include "phasePair.H"
+#include "addToRunTimeSelectionTable.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Static Data Members * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+namespace heatTransferModels
+{
+    defineTypeNameAndDebug(timeScaleFilteredHeatTransfer, 0);
+    addToRunTimeSelectionTable
+    (
+        heatTransferModel,
+        timeScaleFilteredHeatTransfer,
+        dictionary
+    );
+}
+}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Constructors  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+Foam::heatTransferModels::timeScaleFilteredHeatTransfer::
+timeScaleFilteredHeatTransfer
+(
+    const dictionary& dict,
+    const phasePair& pair
+)
+:
+    heatTransferModel(dict.subDict("heatTransferModel"), pair),
+    heatTransferModel_
+    (
+        heatTransferModel::New(dict.subDict("heatTransferModel"), pair)
+    ),
+    minRelaxTime_("minRelaxTime", dimTime, dict)
+{}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Destructor  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+Foam::heatTransferModels::timeScaleFilteredHeatTransfer::
+~timeScaleFilteredHeatTransfer()
+{}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Member Functions  * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+Foam::tmp<Foam::volScalarField>
+Foam::heatTransferModels::timeScaleFilteredHeatTransfer::K
+(
+    const scalar residualAlpha
+) const
+{
+    const volScalarField limit
+    (
+        max(pair_.dispersed(), residualAlpha)
+       *pair_.dispersed().thermo().Cp()
+       *pair_.dispersed().rho()
+       /minRelaxTime_
+    );
+
+    return min(heatTransferModel_->K(residualAlpha), limit);
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/interfacialModels/heatTransferModels/timeScaleFilteredHeatTransfer/timeScaleFilteredHeatTransfer.H b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/interfacialModels/heatTransferModels/timeScaleFilteredHeatTransfer/timeScaleFilteredHeatTransfer.H
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e35d150090
--- /dev/null
+++ b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/interfacialModels/heatTransferModels/timeScaleFilteredHeatTransfer/timeScaleFilteredHeatTransfer.H
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2019 OpenFOAM Foundation
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+Class
+    Foam::heatTransferModels::timeScaleFiltered
+
+Description
+    A time scale filtering wrapper around an underlying heat transfer model
+    intended for simulations involving dispersed phase with a very small
+    diameter. The model limits the heat transfer coefficient based on the
+    relaxation time given.
+
+SourceFiles
+    timeScaleFiltered.C
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef timeScaleFilteredHeatTransfer_H
+#define timeScaleFilteredHeatTransfer_H
+
+#include "heatTransferModel.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+
+class phasePair;
+
+namespace heatTransferModels
+{
+
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+                Class timeScaleFilteredHeatTransfer Declaration
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+class timeScaleFilteredHeatTransfer
+:
+    public heatTransferModel
+{
+    // Private Data
+
+        //- Pointer to the underlying heat transfer model
+        autoPtr<heatTransferModel> heatTransferModel_;
+
+        //- The minimum relaxation time
+        const dimensionedScalar minRelaxTime_;
+
+
+public:
+
+    //- Runtime type information
+    TypeName("timeScaleFiltered");
+
+
+    // Constructors
+
+        //- Construct from components
+        timeScaleFilteredHeatTransfer
+        (
+            const dictionary& dict,
+            const phasePair& pair
+        );
+
+
+    //- Destructor
+    virtual ~timeScaleFilteredHeatTransfer();
+
+
+    // Member Functions
+
+        //- The heat transfer function K used in the enthalpy equation
+        tmp<volScalarField> K(const scalar residualAlpha) const;
+};
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+} // End namespace heatTransferModels
+} // End namespace Foam
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+#endif
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/Make/files b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/Make/files
index 3c17871ef9..2c678beda0 100644
--- a/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/Make/files
+++ b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/Make/files
@@ -15,39 +15,60 @@ diameterModels/isothermalDiameter/isothermalDiameter.C
 diameterModels/linearTsubDiameter/linearTsubDiameter.C
 diameterModels/velocityGroup/velocityGroup.C
 
+sizeGroup = diameterModels/velocityGroup/sizeGroup
+$(sizeGroup)/sizeGroup.C
+
+shapeModels = $(sizeGroup)/shapeModels
+$(shapeModels)/shapeModel/shapeModel.C
+$(shapeModels)/spherical/spherical.C
+$(shapeModels)/fractal/fractal.C
+$(shapeModels)/fractal/sinteringModels/sinteringModel/sinteringModel.C
+$(shapeModels)/fractal/sinteringModels/KochFriedlander/KochFriedlander.C
+$(shapeModels)/fractal/sinteringModels/noSintering/noSintering.C
+
 populationBalanceModel/populationBalanceModel/populationBalanceModel.C
-diameterModels/velocityGroup/sizeGroup/sizeGroup.C
 
-populationBalanceModel/coalescenceModels/coalescenceModel/coalescenceModel.C
-populationBalanceModel/coalescenceModels/constantCoalescence/constantCoalescence.C
-populationBalanceModel/coalescenceModels/CoulaloglouTavlaridesCoalescence/CoulaloglouTavlaridesCoalescence.C
-populationBalanceModel/coalescenceModels/hydrodynamic/hydrodynamic.C
-populationBalanceModel/coalescenceModels/LehrMilliesMewesCoalescence/LehrMilliesMewesCoalescence.C
-populationBalanceModel/coalescenceModels/Luo/Luo.C
-populationBalanceModel/coalescenceModels/PrinceBlanch/PrinceBlanch.C
+coalescenceModels = populationBalanceModel/coalescenceModels
+$(coalescenceModels)/coalescenceModel/coalescenceModel.C
+$(coalescenceModels)/ballisticCollisions/ballisticCollisions.C
+$(coalescenceModels)/brownianCollisions/brownianCollisions.C
+$(coalescenceModels)/constantCoalescence/constantCoalescence.C
+$(coalescenceModels)/CoulaloglouTavlaridesCoalescence/CoulaloglouTavlaridesCoalescence.C
+$(coalescenceModels)/DahnekeInterpolation/DahnekeInterpolation.C
+$(coalescenceModels)/hydrodynamic/hydrodynamic.C
+$(coalescenceModels)/LehrMilliesMewesCoalescence/LehrMilliesMewesCoalescence.C
+$(coalescenceModels)/Luo/Luo.C
+$(coalescenceModels)/PrinceBlanch/PrinceBlanch.C
+$(coalescenceModels)/turbulentShear/turbulentShear.C
 
-populationBalanceModel/binaryBreakupModels/binaryBreakupModel/binaryBreakupModel.C
-populationBalanceModel/binaryBreakupModels/LuoSvendsen/LuoSvendsen.C
-populationBalanceModel/binaryBreakupModels/LehrMilliesMewes/LehrMilliesMewes.C
-populationBalanceModel/binaryBreakupModels/powerLawUniformBinary/powerLawUniformBinary.C
+binaryBreakupModels = populationBalanceModel/binaryBreakupModels
+$(binaryBreakupModels)/binaryBreakupModel/binaryBreakupModel.C
+$(binaryBreakupModels)/LehrMilliesMewes/LehrMilliesMewes.C
+$(binaryBreakupModels)/LuoSvendsen/LuoSvendsen.C
+$(binaryBreakupModels)/powerLawUniformBinary/powerLawUniformBinary.C
 
-populationBalanceModel/breakupModels/breakupModel/breakupModel.C
-populationBalanceModel/breakupModels/exponential/exponential.C
-populationBalanceModel/breakupModels/LaakkonenAlopaeusAittamaa/LaakkonenAlopaeusAittamaa.C
-populationBalanceModel/breakupModels/powerLaw/powerLaw.C
+breakupModels = populationBalanceModel/breakupModels
+$(breakupModels)/breakupModel/breakupModel.C
+$(breakupModels)/exponential/exponential.C
+$(breakupModels)/LaakkonenAlopaeusAittamaa/LaakkonenAlopaeusAittamaa.C
+$(breakupModels)/powerLaw/powerLaw.C
 
-populationBalanceModel/daughterSizeDistributionModels/daughterSizeDistributionModel/daughterSizeDistributionModel.C
-populationBalanceModel/daughterSizeDistributionModels/uniform/uniform.C
-populationBalanceModel/daughterSizeDistributionModels/LaakkonenAlopaeusAittamaaDsd/LaakkonenAlopaeusAittamaaDsd.C
+daughterSizeDistributionModels = populationBalanceModel/daughterSizeDistributionModels
+$(daughterSizeDistributionModels)/daughterSizeDistributionModel/daughterSizeDistributionModel.C
+$(daughterSizeDistributionModels)/LaakkonenAlopaeusAittamaaDsd/LaakkonenAlopaeusAittamaaDsd.C
+$(daughterSizeDistributionModels)/uniform/uniform.C
 
-populationBalanceModel/driftModels/driftModel/driftModel.C
-populationBalanceModel/driftModels/constantDrift/constantDrift.C
-populationBalanceModel/driftModels/densityChange/densityChange.C
-populationBalanceModel/driftModels/phaseChange/phaseChange.C
+driftModels = populationBalanceModel/driftModels
+$(driftModels)/driftModel/driftModel.C
+$(driftModels)/constantDrift/constantDrift.C
+$(driftModels)/densityChange/densityChange.C
+$(driftModels)/phaseChange/phaseChange.C
 
-populationBalanceModel/nucleationModels/nucleationModel/nucleationModel.C
-populationBalanceModel/nucleationModels/constantNucleation/constantNucleation.C
-populationBalanceModel/nucleationModels/wallBoiling/wallBoiling.C
+nucleationModels = populationBalanceModel/nucleationModels
+$(nucleationModels)/nucleationModel/nucleationModel.C
+$(nucleationModels)/constantNucleation/constantNucleation.C
+$(nucleationModels)/reactionDriven/reactionDriven.C
+$(nucleationModels)/wallBoiling/wallBoiling.C
 
 BlendedInterfacialModel/blendingMethods/blendingMethod/blendingMethod.C
 BlendedInterfacialModel/blendingMethods/blendingMethod/newBlendingMethod.C
diff --git a/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/PhaseSystems/PopulationBalancePhaseSystem/PopulationBalancePhaseSystem.C b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/PhaseSystems/PopulationBalancePhaseSystem/PopulationBalancePhaseSystem.C
old mode 100644
new mode 100755
index 4ef7f2f1d7..3a53a03591
--- a/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/PhaseSystems/PopulationBalancePhaseSystem/PopulationBalancePhaseSystem.C
+++ b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/PhaseSystems/PopulationBalancePhaseSystem/PopulationBalancePhaseSystem.C
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ License
 \*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
 #include "PopulationBalancePhaseSystem.H"
+#include "rhoReactionThermo.H"
 
 
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * Private Member Functions * * * * * * * * * * * * //
@@ -87,41 +88,29 @@ PopulationBalancePhaseSystem
                     )
                 );
             }
-        }
-    }
 
-    forAllConstIter
-    (
-        phaseSystem::phasePairTable,
-        this->phasePairs_,
-        phasePairIter
-    )
-    {
-        const phasePair& pair(phasePairIter());
-
-        if (pair.ordered())
-        {
-            continue;
-        }
-
-        // Initially assume no mass transfer
-        pDmdt_.insert
-        (
-            pair,
-            new volScalarField
+            pDmdt_.insert
             (
-                IOobject
+                key,
+                new volScalarField
                 (
-                    IOobject::groupName("pDmdt", pair.name()),
-                    this->mesh().time().timeName(),
+                    IOobject
+                    (
+                        IOobject::groupName
+                        (
+                            "pDmdt",
+                            this->phasePairs_[key]->name()
+                        ),
+                        this->mesh().time().timeName(),
+                        this->mesh(),
+                        IOobject::READ_IF_PRESENT,
+                        IOobject::AUTO_WRITE
+                    ),
                     this->mesh(),
-                    IOobject::READ_IF_PRESENT,
-                    IOobject::AUTO_WRITE
-                ),
-                this->mesh(),
-                dimensionedScalar(dimDensity/dimTime, 0)
-            )
-        );
+                    dimensionedScalar(dimDensity/dimTime, 0)
+                )
+            );
+        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -166,6 +155,104 @@ Foam::PopulationBalancePhaseSystem<BasePhaseSystem>::dmdts() const
 }
 
 
+template<class BasePhaseSystem>
+Foam::autoPtr<Foam::phaseSystem::heatTransferTable>
+Foam::PopulationBalancePhaseSystem<BasePhaseSystem>::heatTransfer() const
+{
+    autoPtr<phaseSystem::heatTransferTable> eqnsPtr =
+        BasePhaseSystem::heatTransfer();
+
+    phaseSystem::heatTransferTable& eqns = eqnsPtr();
+
+    forAllConstIter
+    (
+        phaseSystem::phasePairTable,
+        this->phasePairs_,
+        phasePairIter
+    )
+    {
+        const phasePair& pair(phasePairIter());
+
+        if (pair.ordered() || !pDmdt_.found(pair))
+        {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        forAll(populationBalances_, i)
+        {
+            const Foam::diameterModels::populationBalanceModel& popBal =
+                populationBalances_[i];
+
+            if (!popBal.phasePairs().found(pair))
+            {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            // No correction needed for velocity group pairs
+            if (popBal.isVelocityGroupPair(pair))
+            {
+                break;
+            }
+
+            const phaseModel& phase1 = pair.phase1();
+            const phaseModel& phase2 = pair.phase2();
+
+            const HashPtrTable<volScalarField>& sDmdt =
+                popBal.speciesDmdt(pair);
+
+            const rhoReactionThermo& thermo1 =
+                refCast<const rhoReactionThermo>
+                (
+                    phase1.thermo()
+                );
+
+             const rhoReactionThermo& thermo2 =
+                refCast<const rhoReactionThermo>
+                (
+                    phase2.thermo()
+                );
+
+            const volScalarField& p(thermo1.p());
+            const volScalarField& T1(thermo1.T());
+            const volScalarField& T2(thermo2.T());
+
+            forAllConstIter
+            (
+                HashPtrTable<volScalarField>,
+                sDmdt,
+                sDmdtIter
+            )
+            {
+                const label I1 =
+                    thermo1.composition().species()[sDmdtIter.key()];
+
+                const label I2 =
+                    thermo2.composition().species()[sDmdtIter.key()];
+
+                const volScalarField sDmdt12(negPart(**sDmdtIter));
+                const volScalarField sDmdt21(posPart(**sDmdtIter));
+
+                const volScalarField T
+                (
+                    neg0(**sDmdtIter)*T1 + pos(**sDmdtIter)*T2
+                );
+
+                const volScalarField L
+                (
+                    thermo1.composition().Ha(I1, p, T)
+                  - thermo2.composition().Ha(I2, p, T)
+                );
+
+                *eqns[phase1.name()] -= sDmdt21*L;
+                *eqns[phase2.name()] -= sDmdt12*L;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    return eqnsPtr;
+}
+
+
 template<class BasePhaseSystem>
 Foam::autoPtr<Foam::phaseSystem::massTransferTable>
 Foam::PopulationBalancePhaseSystem<BasePhaseSystem>::massTransfer() const
@@ -184,7 +271,7 @@ Foam::PopulationBalancePhaseSystem<BasePhaseSystem>::massTransfer() const
     {
         const phasePair& pair(phasePairIter());
 
-        if (pair.ordered())
+        if (pair.ordered() || !pDmdt_.found(pair))
         {
             continue;
         }
@@ -192,34 +279,99 @@ Foam::PopulationBalancePhaseSystem<BasePhaseSystem>::massTransfer() const
         const phaseModel& phase = pair.phase1();
         const phaseModel& otherPhase = pair.phase2();
 
-        // Note that the phase YiEqn does not contain a continuity error term,
-        // so these additions represent the entire mass transfer
-
-        const volScalarField dmdt(this->pDmdt(pair));
-        const volScalarField dmdt12(negPart(dmdt));
-        const volScalarField dmdt21(posPart(dmdt));
-
-        const PtrList<volScalarField>& Yi = phase.Y();
-
-        forAll(Yi, i)
+        forAll(populationBalances_, i)
         {
-            const word name
-            (
-                IOobject::groupName(Yi[i].member(), phase.name())
-            );
+            const Foam::diameterModels::populationBalanceModel& popBal =
+                populationBalances_[i];
 
-            const word otherName
-            (
-                IOobject::groupName(Yi[i].member(), otherPhase.name())
-            );
+            if (popBal.phasePairs().found(pair))
+            {
+                // Both phases are velocity groups and belong to same population
+                // balance -> transfer all species proportionally
+                if (popBal.isVelocityGroupPair(pair))
+                {
+                    // Note that the phase YiEqn does not contain
+                    // a continuity error term,
+                    // so these additions represent the entire mass transfer
 
-            *eqns[name] +=
-                dmdt21*eqns[otherName]->psi()
-              + fvm::Sp(dmdt12, eqns[name]->psi());
+                    const volScalarField dmdt(this->pDmdt(pair));
+                    const volScalarField dmdt12(negPart(dmdt));
+                    const volScalarField dmdt21(posPart(dmdt));
+                    const PtrList<volScalarField>& Yi = phase.Y();
 
-            *eqns[otherName] -=
-                dmdt12*eqns[name]->psi()
-              + fvm::Sp(dmdt21, eqns[otherName]->psi());
+                    forAll(Yi, i)
+                    {
+                        const word name
+                        (
+                            IOobject::groupName(Yi[i].member(), phase.name())
+                        );
+
+                        const word otherName
+                        (
+                            IOobject::groupName
+                            (
+                                Yi[i].member(),
+                                otherPhase.name()
+                            )
+                        );
+
+                        *eqns[name] +=
+                            dmdt21*eqns[otherName]->psi()
+                          + fvm::Sp(dmdt12, eqns[name]->psi());
+
+                        *eqns[otherName] -=
+                            dmdt12*eqns[name]->psi()
+                          + fvm::Sp(dmdt21, eqns[otherName]->psi());
+                    }
+                }
+                // The phases do not belong to the same population balance,
+                // transfer each specie separately
+                else
+                {
+
+                    const HashPtrTable<volScalarField>& sDmdt =
+                        popBal.speciesDmdt(pair);
+
+                    forAllConstIter
+                    (
+                        HashPtrTable<volScalarField>,
+                        sDmdt,
+                        sDmdtIter
+                    )
+                    {
+                        const word name
+                        (
+                            IOobject::groupName(sDmdtIter.key(), phase.name())
+                        );
+
+                        const word otherName
+                        (
+                            IOobject::groupName
+                            (
+                                sDmdtIter.key(),
+                                otherPhase.name()
+                            )
+                        );
+
+                        const dimensionedScalar Yismall(dimless, rootVSmall);
+
+                        const volScalarField& Y1 = eqns[name]->psi();
+                        const volScalarField& Y2 = eqns[otherName]->psi();
+
+                        const volScalarField sDmdt12(negPart(**sDmdtIter));
+                        const volScalarField sDmdt21(posPart(**sDmdtIter));
+
+                        *eqns[name] +=
+                            sDmdt21
+                          + fvm::Sp(sDmdt12/(Y1 + Yismall), Y1);
+
+                        *eqns[otherName] -=
+                            sDmdt12
+                          + fvm::Sp(sDmdt21/(Y2 + Yismall), Y2);
+                    }
+
+                }
+            }
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/PhaseSystems/PopulationBalancePhaseSystem/PopulationBalancePhaseSystem.H b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/PhaseSystems/PopulationBalancePhaseSystem/PopulationBalancePhaseSystem.H
index a761b8c562..4530c5588d 100644
--- a/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/PhaseSystems/PopulationBalancePhaseSystem/PopulationBalancePhaseSystem.H
+++ b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/PhaseSystems/PopulationBalancePhaseSystem/PopulationBalancePhaseSystem.H
@@ -65,16 +65,16 @@ protected:
 
     // Protected data
 
-        //- populationBalanceModels
+        //- Population balances
         PtrList<diameterModels::populationBalanceModel> populationBalances_;
 
-        //- Interfacial Mass transfer rate
+        //- Mass transfer rates
         pDmdtTable pDmdt_;
 
 
     // Protected member functions
 
-        //- Return the population balance mass transfer rate
+        //- Return the population balance induced mass transfer rate
         virtual tmp<volScalarField> pDmdt(const phasePairKey& key) const;
 
 
@@ -98,6 +98,9 @@ public:
         //- Return the mass transfer rates for each phase
         virtual PtrList<volScalarField> dmdts() const;
 
+        //- Return the heat transfer matrices
+        virtual autoPtr<phaseSystem::heatTransferTable> heatTransfer() const;
+
         //- Return the mass transfer matrices
         virtual autoPtr<phaseSystem::massTransferTable> massTransfer() const;
 
diff --git a/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/diameterModels/velocityGroup/sizeGroup/SecondaryPropertyModel/SecondaryPropertyModel.C b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/diameterModels/velocityGroup/sizeGroup/SecondaryPropertyModel/SecondaryPropertyModel.C
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..24b9c3e4af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/diameterModels/velocityGroup/sizeGroup/SecondaryPropertyModel/SecondaryPropertyModel.C
@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2019 OpenFOAM Foundation
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "SecondaryPropertyModel.H"
+#include "shapeModel.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Constructors  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+template<class ModelType>
+Foam::diameterModels::SecondaryPropertyModel<ModelType>::SecondaryPropertyModel
+(
+    const dictionary& dict,
+    const sizeGroup& group
+)
+:
+    ModelType(dict, group),
+    regIOobject
+    (
+        IOobject
+        (
+            IOobject::groupName(typeid(ModelType).name(), group.name()),
+            group.time().constant(),
+            group.mesh()
+        )
+    ),
+    sizeGroup_(group),
+    SecondaryPropertyModelTable_()
+{}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Destructor  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+template<class ModelType>
+Foam::diameterModels::SecondaryPropertyModel<ModelType>::
+~SecondaryPropertyModel()
+{}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Member Functions  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+template<class ModelType>
+const typename Foam::diameterModels::SecondaryPropertyModel<ModelType>::SpTable&
+Foam::diameterModels::SecondaryPropertyModel<ModelType>::
+SecondaryPropertyModelTable()
+{
+    if (SecondaryPropertyModelTable_.empty())
+    {
+        SecondaryPropertyModelTable_ =
+            sizeGroup_.mesh().template lookupClass
+            <
+                SecondaryPropertyModel<ModelType>
+            >();
+    }
+
+    return SecondaryPropertyModelTable_;
+}
+
+
+template<class ModelType>
+const Foam::word Foam::diameterModels::SecondaryPropertyModel<ModelType>::
+SecondaryPropertyName
+(
+    const sizeGroup& fi
+) const
+{
+    return word(IOobject::groupName(typeid(ModelType).name(), fi.name()));
+}
+
+
+template<class ModelType>
+void Foam::diameterModels::SecondaryPropertyModel<ModelType>::addCoalescence
+(
+    const volScalarField& Su,
+    const sizeGroup& fj,
+    const sizeGroup& fk
+)
+{
+    const volScalarField& propj =
+        SecondaryPropertyModelTable()[SecondaryPropertyName(fj)]->fld();
+
+    const volScalarField& propk =
+        SecondaryPropertyModelTable()[SecondaryPropertyName(fk)]->fld();
+
+    src() += (propj*fj.x() + propk*fk.x())/(fj.x() + fk.x())*Su;
+}
+
+
+template<class ModelType>
+void Foam::diameterModels::SecondaryPropertyModel<ModelType>::addBreakup
+(
+    const volScalarField& Su,
+    const sizeGroup& fj
+)
+{
+    const volScalarField& propj =
+        SecondaryPropertyModelTable()[SecondaryPropertyName(fj)]->fld();
+
+    src() += propj*Su;
+}
+
+
+template<class ModelType>
+void Foam::diameterModels::SecondaryPropertyModel<ModelType>::addDrift
+(
+    const volScalarField& Su,
+    const sizeGroup& fu,
+    const driftModel& model
+)
+{
+    const volScalarField& propu =
+        SecondaryPropertyModelTable()[SecondaryPropertyName(fu)]->fld();
+
+    src() += propu*Su;
+}
+
+
+template<class ModelType>
+void Foam::diameterModels::SecondaryPropertyModel<ModelType>::addNucleation
+(
+    const volScalarField& Su,
+    const sizeGroup& fi,
+    const nucleationModel& model
+)
+{
+    const volScalarField& prop =
+        SecondaryPropertyModelTable()[SecondaryPropertyName(fi)]->fld();
+
+    src() += prop*Su;
+}
+
+
+template<class ModelType>
+void Foam::diameterModels::SecondaryPropertyModel<ModelType>::reset()
+{
+    src() = Zero;
+}
+
+
+template<class ModelType>
+bool Foam::diameterModels::SecondaryPropertyModel<ModelType>::
+writeData(Ostream& os) const
+{
+    return os.good();
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/diameterModels/velocityGroup/sizeGroup/SecondaryPropertyModel/SecondaryPropertyModel.H b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/diameterModels/velocityGroup/sizeGroup/SecondaryPropertyModel/SecondaryPropertyModel.H
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ff4f4c166d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/diameterModels/velocityGroup/sizeGroup/SecondaryPropertyModel/SecondaryPropertyModel.H
@@ -0,0 +1,183 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2019 OpenFOAM Foundation
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+Class
+    Foam::diameterModels::SecondaryPropertyModel
+
+Description
+    Base class for modeling the transport of an additional secondary property in
+    between size groups by means of coalescence, breakup, drift and nucleation.
+    The default behavior is conserved transport of the property, which can be
+    overwritten in a derived class.
+
+SourceFiles
+    SecondaryPropertyModel.C
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef SecondaryPropertyModel_H
+#define SecondaryPropertyModel_H
+
+#include "sizeGroup.H"
+#include "driftModel.H"
+#include "nucleationModel.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+namespace diameterModels
+{
+
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+                   Class SecondaryPropertyModel Declaration
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+template<class ModelType>
+class SecondaryPropertyModel
+:
+    public ModelType,
+    public regIOobject
+{
+
+protected:
+
+    // Protected typedefs
+
+        using SpTable = HashTable<const SecondaryPropertyModel<ModelType>*>;
+
+    // Protected Data
+
+        //- Reference to sizeGroup
+        const sizeGroup& sizeGroup_;
+
+        //- Table with pointers to all secondary properties of ModelType
+        //  available in the registry
+        SpTable SecondaryPropertyModelTable_;
+
+
+public:
+
+    // Constructors
+
+        //- Construct from dictionary and sizeGroup
+        SecondaryPropertyModel
+        (
+            const dictionary& dict,
+            const sizeGroup& group
+        );
+
+        //- Disallow default bitwise copy construction
+        SecondaryPropertyModel
+        (
+            const SecondaryPropertyModel<ModelType>&
+        ) = delete;
+
+
+    //- Destructor
+    virtual ~SecondaryPropertyModel();
+
+
+    // Member Functions
+
+        // Access
+
+            //- Return table with pointers to all secondary properties of
+            //  ModelType available in the registry
+            const SpTable& SecondaryPropertyModelTable();
+
+            //- Return name of the secondary property of another class for
+            //  for lookup in registry
+            const word SecondaryPropertyName(const sizeGroup& fi) const;
+
+            //- Return reference to secondary property field
+            virtual const volScalarField& fld() const = 0;
+
+            //- Access to secondary property source
+            virtual volScalarField& src() = 0;
+
+        // Edit
+
+            //- Add coalescence contribution to secondary property source
+            virtual void addCoalescence
+            (
+                const volScalarField& Su,
+                const sizeGroup& fj,
+                const sizeGroup& fk
+            );
+
+            //- Add breakup contribution to secondary property source
+            virtual void addBreakup
+            (
+                const volScalarField& Su,
+                const sizeGroup& fj
+            );
+
+            //- Add drift contribution to secondary property source
+            virtual void addDrift
+            (
+                const volScalarField& Su,
+                const sizeGroup& fu,
+                const driftModel& model
+            );
+
+            //- Add drift contribution to secondary property source
+            virtual void addNucleation
+            (
+                const volScalarField& Su,
+                const sizeGroup& fi,
+                const nucleationModel& model
+            );
+
+            //- Reset secondary property source
+            virtual void reset();
+
+        // Write
+
+            //- Dummy write for regIOobject
+            bool writeData(Ostream&) const;
+
+
+    // Member Operators
+
+        //- Disallow default bitwise assignment
+        void operator=(const SecondaryPropertyModel<ModelType>&) = delete;
+};
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+} // End namespace diameterModels
+} // End namespace Foam
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+#ifdef NoRepository
+    #include "SecondaryPropertyModel.C"
+#endif
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+#endif
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/diameterModels/velocityGroup/sizeGroup/shapeModels/fractal/fractal.C b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/diameterModels/velocityGroup/sizeGroup/shapeModels/fractal/fractal.C
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7bb69eb787
--- /dev/null
+++ b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/diameterModels/velocityGroup/sizeGroup/shapeModels/fractal/fractal.C
@@ -0,0 +1,336 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2019 OpenFOAM Foundation
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "fractal.H"
+#include "sinteringModel.H"
+#include "fvmDdt.H"
+#include "fvmDiv.H"
+#include "fvmSup.H"
+#include "fvcSup.H"
+#include "fvcDdt.H"
+#include "mixedFvPatchField.H"
+#include "mathematicalConstants.H"
+#include "populationBalanceModel.H"
+#include "addToRunTimeSelectionTable.H"
+#include "phaseSystem.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Static Data Members * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+namespace diameterModels
+{
+namespace shapeModels
+{
+    defineTypeNameAndDebug(fractal, 0);
+    addToRunTimeSelectionTable(shapeModel, fractal, dictionary);
+}
+}
+}
+
+template<>
+const char*
+Foam::NamedEnum
+<
+    Foam::diameterModels::shapeModels::fractal::surfaceGrowthTypes,
+    3
+>::names[] = {"hardSphere", "ParkRogak", "conserved"};
+
+const Foam::NamedEnum
+<
+    Foam::diameterModels::shapeModels::fractal::surfaceGrowthTypes,
+    3
+> Foam::diameterModels::shapeModels::fractal::sgTypeNames_;
+
+
+using Foam::constant::mathematical::pi;
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Constructors  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+Foam::diameterModels::shapeModels::fractal::fractal
+(
+    const dictionary& dict,
+    const sizeGroup& group
+)
+:
+    SecondaryPropertyModel<shapeModel>(dict, group),
+    kappa_
+    (
+        IOobject
+        (
+            "kappa" + group.name().substr(1),
+            group.mesh().time().timeName(),
+            group.mesh(),
+            IOobject::READ_IF_PRESENT,
+            IOobject::AUTO_WRITE
+        ),
+        group.mesh(),
+        dimensionedScalar
+        (
+            "kappa",
+            inv(dimLength),
+            group.dict()
+        ),
+        group.VelocityGroup().f().boundaryField().types()
+    ),
+    Df_("Df", dimless, group.dict()),
+    alphaC_("alphaC", dimless, group.dict()),
+    dColl_
+    (
+        IOobject
+        (
+            "dColl" + group.name().substr(1),
+            group.mesh().time().timeName(),
+            group.mesh()
+        ),
+        this->dColl()
+    ),
+    Su_
+    (
+        IOobject
+        (
+            IOobject::groupName("Su", kappa_.name()),
+            group.mesh().time().timeName(),
+            group.mesh()
+        ),
+        group.mesh(),
+        dimensionedScalar(kappa_.dimensions()/dimTime, Zero)
+    )
+{
+    // Adjust refValue at mixedFvPatchField boundaries
+    forAll(kappa_.boundaryField(), patchi)
+    {
+        typedef mixedFvPatchField<scalar> mixedFvPatchScalarField;
+
+        if
+        (
+            isA<mixedFvPatchScalarField>(kappa_.boundaryFieldRef()[patchi])
+        )
+        {
+            mixedFvPatchScalarField& kappa =
+                refCast<mixedFvPatchScalarField>
+                (
+                    kappa_.boundaryFieldRef()[patchi]
+                );
+
+            kappa.refValue() = readScalar(sizeGroup_.dict().lookup("kappa"));
+        }
+    }
+
+    sinteringModel_ =
+        sinteringModel::New(dict.subDict(type() + "Coeffs"), *this);
+}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Destructor  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+Foam::diameterModels::shapeModels::fractal::~fractal()
+{}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Member Functions  * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+const Foam::volScalarField&
+Foam::diameterModels::shapeModels::fractal::fld() const
+{
+    return kappa_;
+}
+
+
+Foam::volScalarField&
+Foam::diameterModels::shapeModels::fractal::src()
+{
+    return Su_;
+}
+
+
+Foam::tmp<Foam::volScalarField>
+Foam::diameterModels::shapeModels::fractal::dColl() const
+{
+    tmp<volScalarField> tDColl
+    (
+        volScalarField::New
+        (
+            "dColl",
+            sizeGroup_.mesh(),
+            dimensionedScalar(dimLength, Zero)
+        )
+    );
+
+    volScalarField& dColl = tDColl.ref();
+
+    dColl =
+        6.0/kappa_
+       *pow(sizeGroup_.x()*pow3(kappa_)/(36.0*pi*alphaC_), 1.0/Df_);
+
+    return tDColl;
+}
+
+
+void Foam::diameterModels::shapeModels::fractal::correct()
+{
+    const sizeGroup& fi = sizeGroup_;
+    const phaseModel& phase = fi.phase();
+    const volScalarField& alpha = fi.phase();
+    const volScalarField& rho = fi.phase().thermo().rho();
+
+    const populationBalanceModel& popBal =
+        sizeGroup_.mesh().lookupObject<populationBalanceModel>
+        (
+            sizeGroup_.VelocityGroup().popBalName()
+        );
+
+    surfaceScalarField fAlphaRhoPhi
+    (
+        "fAlphaRhoPhi",
+        max(fvc::interpolate(fi, "fi"), SMALL)*phase.alphaRhoPhi()
+    );
+
+    fvScalarMatrix kappaEqn
+    (
+        fvc::ddt(alpha, rho, fi)*kappa_.oldTime()
+      + alpha*rho*fi*fvm::ddt(kappa_)
+      + fvm::div(fAlphaRhoPhi, kappa_)
+      + fvm::SuSp(- phase.continuityErrorFlow()*fi, kappa_)
+      + fvm::SuSp
+        (
+            fi.VelocityGroup().dmdt()*fi,
+            kappa_
+        )
+      ==
+      - sinteringModel_->R()
+      + fvc::Su(Su_*rho, kappa_)
+      - fvm::SuSp(popBal.SuSp(fi.i()())*fi*rho, kappa_)
+      + fvc::ddt(fi.phase().residualAlpha()*rho, kappa_)
+      - fvm::ddt(fi.phase().residualAlpha()*rho, kappa_)
+    );
+
+    kappaEqn.relax();
+
+    kappaEqn.solve();
+
+    // Bounding of kappa assuming first sizeGroup to represent one primary
+    // particle
+    kappa_ =
+        min
+        (
+            max(kappa_, 6.0/sizeGroup_.dSph()),
+            6.0/popBal.sizeGroups().first().dSph()
+        );
+
+    // Update the collisional diameter
+    dColl_ = dColl();
+}
+
+
+const Foam::tmp<Foam::volScalarField>
+Foam::diameterModels::shapeModels::fractal::a() const
+{
+    return kappa_*sizeGroup_.x();
+}
+
+
+void Foam::diameterModels::shapeModels::fractal::addDrift
+(
+    const volScalarField &Su,
+    const sizeGroup &fu,
+    const driftModel &model
+)
+{
+    surfaceGrowthTypes sgType
+    (
+        sgTypeNames_.read
+        (
+            model.dict().lookup("surfaceGrowthType")
+        )
+    );
+
+    const volScalarField& sourceKappa =
+        SecondaryPropertyModelTable()[SecondaryPropertyName(fu)]->fld();
+
+    switch (sgType)
+    {
+        case sgHardSphere:
+        {
+            Su_ += sourceKappa*fu.dSph()/sizeGroup_.dSph()*Su;
+
+            break;
+        }
+
+        case sgParkRogak:
+        {
+            const fractal& sourceShape =
+                refCast<const fractal>
+                (
+                    fu.shapeModelPtr()()
+                );
+
+            volScalarField dp(6.0/sourceKappa);
+            const volScalarField a(sourceKappa*fu.x());
+            const dimensionedScalar dv(sizeGroup_.x() - fu.x());
+
+            const volScalarField da1
+            (
+                (2.0/3.0)*dv
+               *(
+                    sourceKappa
+                  + sourceShape.Df_*(1.0/sourceShape.d() - 1.0/dp)
+                )
+            );
+
+            dp += 6.0*(dv*a - fu.x()*da1)/sqr(a);
+
+            const volScalarField np(6.0*sizeGroup_.x()/pi/pow3(dp));
+            const volScalarField dc(dp*pow(np/alphaC_, 1.0/Df_));
+
+            const volScalarField da2
+            (
+                dv*(4.0/dp + 2.0*Df_/3.0*(1.0/dc - 1.0/dp))
+            );
+
+            Su_ += (a + 0.5*da1 + 0.5*da2)/sizeGroup_.x()*Su;
+
+            break;
+        }
+
+        case sgConserved:
+        {
+            SecondaryPropertyModel::addDrift(Su, fu, model);
+
+            break;
+        }
+
+        default:
+        {
+            FatalErrorInFunction
+                << "Unknown surface growth type. Valid types are:"
+                << sgTypeNames_ << nl << exit(FatalError);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/diameterModels/velocityGroup/sizeGroup/shapeModels/fractal/fractal.H b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/diameterModels/velocityGroup/sizeGroup/shapeModels/fractal/fractal.H
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f5695c54da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/diameterModels/velocityGroup/sizeGroup/shapeModels/fractal/fractal.H
@@ -0,0 +1,204 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2019 OpenFOAM Foundation
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+Class
+    Foam::diameterModels::shapeModels::fractal
+
+Description
+    Class for modeling fractal shapes (e.g. of aerosol agglomerates) based on a
+    constant fractal dimension and an average but field-dependent surface area
+    to volume ratio kappa.
+
+    The effect of sintering (coalescence of primary particles) on the surface
+    area is taken into account by a separate source term.
+
+    Kappa is transported between the size groups as a secondary property by
+    means of coalescence (coagulation/aggregation), breakup as well as drift.
+
+    By assuming a monodisperse size distribution of the primary particles in the
+    aggregate, the collisional diameter of a size group can then be computed by
+
+    \f[
+        d_{Coll_i} =
+            \frac{6}{\kappa_i}
+            \left(
+                \frac{v_i \kappa_i^3}{36 \pi \alpha_c}
+            \right)^{1/D_f}\;.
+    \f]
+
+Usage
+    \table
+        Property     | Description             | Required    | Default value
+        kappa        | Field and BC value      | yes         |
+        Df           | Fractal dimension       | yes         |
+        alphaC       | Constant                | yes         |
+    \endtable
+
+SourceFiles
+    fractal.C
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef fractal_H
+#define fractal_H
+
+#include "SecondaryPropertyModel.H"
+#include "shapeModel.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+namespace diameterModels
+{
+namespace shapeModels
+{
+
+class sinteringModel;
+
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+                           Class fractal Declaration
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+class fractal
+:
+    public SecondaryPropertyModel<shapeModel>
+{
+public:
+
+    // Public Data types
+
+        //- Surface growth type enumeration
+        enum surfaceGrowthTypes
+        {
+            sgHardSphere,
+            sgParkRogak,
+            sgConserved
+        };
+
+        //- Surface growth type names
+        static const NamedEnum<surfaceGrowthTypes, 3> sgTypeNames_;
+
+
+private:
+
+    // Private Data
+
+        //- Ratio of surface area to volume
+        volScalarField kappa_;
+
+        //- Fractal dimension
+        dimensionedScalar Df_;
+
+        //- Scaling prefactor
+        dimensionedScalar alphaC_;
+
+        //- Collisional diameter
+        volScalarField dColl_;
+
+        //- Explicit source
+        volScalarField Su_;
+
+        //- Sintering model
+        autoPtr<sinteringModel> sinteringModel_;
+
+
+    // Private member functions
+
+        tmp<volScalarField> dColl() const;
+
+
+public:
+
+    //- Runtime type information
+    TypeName("fractal");
+
+
+    // Constructors
+
+        //- Construct from dictionary and sizeGroup
+        fractal
+        (
+            const dictionary& dict,
+            const sizeGroup& group
+        );
+
+        //- Disallow default bitwise copy construction
+        fractal(const fractal&) = delete;
+
+
+    //- Destructor
+    virtual ~fractal();
+
+
+    // Member Functions
+
+        // Access
+
+            //- Return reference to secondary property field
+            virtual const volScalarField& fld() const;
+
+            //- Access to secondary property source
+            virtual volScalarField& src();
+
+            //- Return representative surface area of the sizeGroup
+            virtual const tmp<volScalarField> a() const;
+
+            //- Return representative diameter of the sizeGroup
+            virtual const tmp<volScalarField> d() const
+            {
+                return dColl_;
+            }
+
+        // Edit
+
+            //- Correct the collisional diameter
+            virtual void correct();
+
+            //- Add drift contribution to secondary property source
+            virtual void addDrift
+            (
+                const volScalarField& Su,
+                const sizeGroup& fu,
+                const driftModel& model
+            );
+
+
+    // Member Operators
+
+        //- Disallow default bitwise assignment
+        void operator=(const fractal&) = delete;
+};
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+} // End namespace shapeModels
+} // End namespace diameterModels
+} // End namespace Foam
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+#endif
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/diameterModels/velocityGroup/sizeGroup/shapeModels/fractal/sinteringModels/KochFriedlander/KochFriedlander.C b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/diameterModels/velocityGroup/sizeGroup/shapeModels/fractal/sinteringModels/KochFriedlander/KochFriedlander.C
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..41d596085a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/diameterModels/velocityGroup/sizeGroup/shapeModels/fractal/sinteringModels/KochFriedlander/KochFriedlander.C
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2019 OpenFOAM Foundation
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "KochFriedlander.H"
+#include "addToRunTimeSelectionTable.H"
+#include "fvmSup.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Static Data Members * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+namespace diameterModels
+{
+namespace shapeModels
+{
+namespace sinteringModels
+{
+    defineTypeNameAndDebug(KochFriedlander, 0);
+    addToRunTimeSelectionTable(sinteringModel, KochFriedlander, dictionary);
+}
+}
+}
+}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Constructors  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+Foam::diameterModels::shapeModels::sinteringModels::KochFriedlander::
+KochFriedlander
+(
+    const dictionary& dict,
+    const fractal& fractalShape
+)
+:
+    sinteringModel(dict, fractalShape),
+    dict_(dict.subDict(type() + "Coeffs")),
+    Cs_(readScalar(dict_.lookup("Cs"))),
+    n_(readScalar(dict_.lookup("n"))),
+    m_(readScalar(dict_.lookup("m"))),
+    Ta_(readScalar(dict_.lookup("Ta")))
+{}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Destructor  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+Foam::diameterModels::shapeModels::sinteringModels::KochFriedlander::
+~KochFriedlander()
+{}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Member Functions  * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+Foam::tmp<Foam::volScalarField::Internal>
+Foam::diameterModels::shapeModels::sinteringModels::KochFriedlander::tau() const
+{
+    tmp<volScalarField::Internal> tTau
+    (
+        volScalarField::Internal::New
+        (
+            "tau",
+            fractal_.SizeGroup().mesh(),
+            dimensionedScalar(dimTime, 0.0)
+        )
+    );
+
+    volScalarField::Internal& tau = tTau.ref();
+
+    const sizeGroup& fi = fractal_.SizeGroup();
+    const volScalarField& kappai = fractal_.fld();
+    const volScalarField& T = fractal_.SizeGroup().phase().thermo().T();
+
+    forAll(tau, celli)
+    {
+        tau[celli] =
+            Cs_*pow(6.0/max(6.0/fi.dSph().value(), kappai[celli]), n_)
+           *pow(T[celli], m_)*exp(Ta_/T[celli]);
+    }
+
+    return tTau;
+}
+
+
+Foam::tmp<Foam::fvScalarMatrix>
+Foam::diameterModels::shapeModels::sinteringModels::KochFriedlander::R() const
+{
+    const sizeGroup& fi = fractal_.SizeGroup();
+    const volScalarField& kappai = fractal_.fld();
+    const volScalarField& alpha = fi.phase();
+    const volScalarField& rho = fi.phase().thermo().rho();
+
+    volScalarField::Internal R
+    (
+        IOobject
+        (
+            "KochFriedlander:R",
+            fi.time().timeName(),
+            fi.mesh()
+        ),
+        fi.mesh(),
+        dimensionedScalar(dimDensity/dimTime, 0)
+    );
+
+    volScalarField::Internal tau(this->tau());
+
+    forAll(R, celli)
+    {
+        R[celli] = fi[celli]*alpha[celli]*rho[celli]/tau[celli];
+    }
+
+    return fvm::Sp(R, kappai) - 6.0/fi.dSph()*R;
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/diameterModels/velocityGroup/sizeGroup/shapeModels/fractal/sinteringModels/KochFriedlander/KochFriedlander.H b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/diameterModels/velocityGroup/sizeGroup/shapeModels/fractal/sinteringModels/KochFriedlander/KochFriedlander.H
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b518215aee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/diameterModels/velocityGroup/sizeGroup/shapeModels/fractal/sinteringModels/KochFriedlander/KochFriedlander.H
@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2019 OpenFOAM Foundation
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+Class
+    Foam::sinteringModels::KochFriedlander
+
+Description
+    Sintering model of Koch and Friedlander (1990). The characteristic time for
+    sintering is given by
+
+    \f[
+        \tau = c_s d_{p_i}^n T^m \exp\left(\frac{T_a}{T}\right)\;.
+    \f]
+
+    Reference:
+    \verbatim
+        Koch, W., & Friedlander, S. K. (1990).
+        The effect of particle coalescence on the surface area of a coagulating
+        aerosol.
+        Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 140(2), 419-427.
+    \endverbatim
+
+Usage
+    \table
+        Property | Description                | Required    | Default value
+        Cs       | Sintering time coefficient | yes         | none
+        n        | Particle diameter exponent | yes         | none
+        m        | Temperature exponent       | yes         | none
+        Ta       | Activation temperature     | yes         | none
+    \endtable
+
+SourceFiles
+    KochFriedlander.C
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef KochFriedlander_H
+#define KochFriedlander_H
+
+#include "sinteringModel.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+namespace diameterModels
+{
+namespace shapeModels
+{
+namespace sinteringModels
+{
+
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+                       Class KochFriedlander Declaration
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+class KochFriedlander
+:
+    public sinteringModel
+{
+    // Private Data
+
+        //- Subdictionary containing model coefficients
+        const dictionary& dict_;
+
+        //- Sintering time coefficient
+        scalar Cs_;
+
+        //- Sintering time primary particle diameter exponent
+        scalar n_;
+
+        //- Sintering time temperature exponent
+        scalar m_;
+
+        //- Activation temperature
+        scalar Ta_;
+
+
+public:
+
+    //- Runtime type information
+    TypeName("KochFriedlander");
+
+
+    // Constructors
+
+        //- Construct from a dictionary
+        KochFriedlander
+        (
+            const dictionary& dict,
+            const fractal& fractalShape
+        );
+
+
+    //- Destructor
+    virtual ~KochFriedlander();
+
+
+    // Member Functions
+
+        //- Characteristic time for sintering
+        virtual tmp<volScalarField::Internal> tau() const;
+
+        //- Sintering source term
+        virtual tmp<fvScalarMatrix> R() const;
+};
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+} // End namespace sinteringModels
+} // End namespace shapeModels
+} // End namespace diameterModels
+} // End namespace Foam
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+#endif
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/diameterModels/velocityGroup/sizeGroup/shapeModels/fractal/sinteringModels/noSintering/noSintering.C b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/diameterModels/velocityGroup/sizeGroup/shapeModels/fractal/sinteringModels/noSintering/noSintering.C
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c13a384872
--- /dev/null
+++ b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/diameterModels/velocityGroup/sizeGroup/shapeModels/fractal/sinteringModels/noSintering/noSintering.C
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2019 OpenFOAM Foundation
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "noSintering.H"
+#include "addToRunTimeSelectionTable.H"
+#include "fvmSup.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Static Data Members * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+namespace diameterModels
+{
+namespace shapeModels
+{
+namespace sinteringModels
+{
+    defineTypeNameAndDebug(noSintering, 0);
+    addToRunTimeSelectionTable(sinteringModel, noSintering, dictionary);
+}
+}
+}
+}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Constructors  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+Foam::diameterModels::shapeModels::sinteringModels::noSintering::noSintering
+(
+    const dictionary& dict,
+    const fractal& fractalShape
+)
+:
+    sinteringModel(dict, fractalShape)
+{}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Destructor  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+Foam::diameterModels::shapeModels::sinteringModels::noSintering::~noSintering()
+{}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Member Functions  * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+Foam::tmp<Foam::fvScalarMatrix>
+Foam::diameterModels::shapeModels::sinteringModels::noSintering::R() const
+{
+    const sizeGroup& fi = fractal_.SizeGroup();
+
+    volScalarField::Internal R
+    (
+        IOobject
+        (
+            "noSintering:R",
+            fi.time().timeName(),
+            fi.mesh()
+        ),
+        fi.mesh(),
+        dimensionedScalar(dimDensity/(dimTime*dimLength), 0)
+    );
+
+    return fvm::Su(R, fractal_.fld());
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/diameterModels/velocityGroup/sizeGroup/shapeModels/fractal/sinteringModels/noSintering/noSintering.H b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/diameterModels/velocityGroup/sizeGroup/shapeModels/fractal/sinteringModels/noSintering/noSintering.H
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..370514db6f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/diameterModels/velocityGroup/sizeGroup/shapeModels/fractal/sinteringModels/noSintering/noSintering.H
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2019 OpenFOAM Foundation
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+Class
+    Foam::sinteringModels::noSintering
+
+Description
+
+SourceFiles
+    noSintering.C
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef noSintering_H
+#define noSintering_H
+
+#include "sinteringModel.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+namespace diameterModels
+{
+namespace shapeModels
+{
+namespace sinteringModels
+{
+
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+                         Class noSintering Declaration
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+class noSintering
+:
+    public sinteringModel
+{
+public:
+
+    //- Runtime type information
+    TypeName("none");
+
+
+    // Constructors
+
+        //- Construct from a dictionary
+        noSintering
+        (
+            const dictionary& dict,
+            const fractal& fractalShape
+        );
+
+
+    //- Destructor
+    virtual ~noSintering();
+
+
+    // Member Functions
+
+        //- Sintering source term
+        virtual tmp<fvScalarMatrix> R() const;
+};
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+} // End namespace sinteringModels
+} // End namespace shapeModels
+} // End namespace diameterModels
+} // End namespace Foam
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+#endif
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/diameterModels/velocityGroup/sizeGroup/shapeModels/fractal/sinteringModels/sinteringModel/sinteringModel.C b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/diameterModels/velocityGroup/sizeGroup/shapeModels/fractal/sinteringModels/sinteringModel/sinteringModel.C
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..02c77f8e5f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/diameterModels/velocityGroup/sizeGroup/shapeModels/fractal/sinteringModels/sinteringModel/sinteringModel.C
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2019 OpenFOAM Foundation
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "sinteringModel.H"
+#include "fvmSup.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Static Data Members * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+namespace diameterModels
+{
+namespace shapeModels
+{
+    defineTypeNameAndDebug(sinteringModel, 0);
+    defineRunTimeSelectionTable(sinteringModel, dictionary);
+}
+}
+}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Constructors  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+Foam::diameterModels::shapeModels::sinteringModel::sinteringModel
+(
+    const dictionary& dict,
+    const fractal& fractalShape
+)
+:
+    fractal_(fractalShape)
+{}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Selector  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+Foam::autoPtr<Foam::diameterModels::shapeModels::sinteringModel>
+Foam::diameterModels::shapeModels::sinteringModel::New
+(
+    const dictionary& dict,
+    const fractal& fractalShape
+)
+{
+    word sinteringModelType(dict.lookup("sinteringModel"));
+
+    dictionaryConstructorTable::iterator cstrIter =
+        dictionaryConstructorTablePtr_->find(sinteringModelType);
+
+    if (cstrIter == dictionaryConstructorTablePtr_->end())
+    {
+        FatalErrorInFunction
+            << "Unknown sinteringModel type "
+            << sinteringModelType << endl << endl
+            << "Valid sinteringModel types are : " << endl
+            << dictionaryConstructorTablePtr_->sortedToc()
+            << exit(FatalError);
+    }
+
+    return cstrIter()(dict, fractalShape);
+}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Destructor  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+Foam::diameterModels::shapeModels::sinteringModel::~sinteringModel()
+{}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/diameterModels/velocityGroup/sizeGroup/shapeModels/fractal/sinteringModels/sinteringModel/sinteringModel.H b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/diameterModels/velocityGroup/sizeGroup/shapeModels/fractal/sinteringModels/sinteringModel/sinteringModel.H
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e186b14844
--- /dev/null
+++ b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/diameterModels/velocityGroup/sizeGroup/shapeModels/fractal/sinteringModels/sinteringModel/sinteringModel.H
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2019 OpenFOAM Foundation
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+Class
+    Foam::sinteringModel
+
+Description
+    Abstract base class for modeling sintering of primary particles in fractal
+    agglomerates.
+
+SourceFiles
+    sinteringModel.C
+    newsinteringModel.C
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef sinteringModel_H
+#define sinteringModel_H
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+#include "volFields.H"
+#include "dictionary.H"
+#include "runTimeSelectionTables.H"
+#include "fractal.H"
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+namespace diameterModels
+{
+namespace shapeModels
+{
+
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+                       Class sinteringModel Declaration
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+class sinteringModel
+{
+protected:
+
+    // Protected Data
+
+        //- Reference to fractal shapeModel class
+        const fractal& fractal_;
+
+
+public:
+
+    //- Runtime type information
+    TypeName("sinteringModel");
+
+
+    // Declare runtime construction
+
+        declareRunTimeSelectionTable
+        (
+            autoPtr,
+            sinteringModel,
+            dictionary,
+            (
+                const dictionary& dict,
+                const fractal& fractalShape
+            ),
+            (dict, fractalShape)
+        );
+
+
+    // Constructors
+
+        //- Construct from a dictionary and a phase pair
+        sinteringModel
+        (
+            const dictionary& dict,
+            const fractal& fractalShape
+        );
+
+
+    //- Destructor
+    virtual ~sinteringModel();
+
+
+    // Selectors
+
+        static autoPtr<sinteringModel> New
+        (
+            const dictionary& dict,
+            const fractal& fractalShape
+        );
+
+
+    // Member Functions
+
+        //- Sintering source term
+        virtual tmp<fvScalarMatrix> R() const = 0;
+};
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+} // End namespace shapeModels
+} // End namespace diameterModels
+} // End namespace Foam
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+#endif
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/diameterModels/velocityGroup/sizeGroup/shapeModels/shapeModel/shapeModel.C b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/diameterModels/velocityGroup/sizeGroup/shapeModels/shapeModel/shapeModel.C
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f25347f2fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/diameterModels/velocityGroup/sizeGroup/shapeModels/shapeModel/shapeModel.C
@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2019 OpenFOAM Foundation
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "shapeModel.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Static Data Members * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+namespace diameterModels
+{
+    defineTypeNameAndDebug(shapeModel, 0);
+    defineRunTimeSelectionTable(shapeModel, dictionary);
+}
+}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Constructors  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+Foam::diameterModels::shapeModel::shapeModel
+(
+    const dictionary& dict,
+    const sizeGroup& group
+)
+:
+    sizeGroup_(group)
+{}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Selectors * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+Foam::autoPtr<Foam::diameterModels::shapeModel>
+Foam::diameterModels::shapeModel::New
+(
+    const dictionary& dict,
+    const sizeGroup& group
+)
+{
+    word shapeModelType(dict.lookup("shapeModel"));
+
+    dictionaryConstructorTable::iterator cstrIter =
+        dictionaryConstructorTablePtr_->find(shapeModelType);
+
+    if (cstrIter == dictionaryConstructorTablePtr_->end())
+    {
+        FatalErrorInFunction
+            << "Unknown shapeModelType type "
+            << shapeModelType << endl << endl
+            << "Valid shapeModel types are : " << endl
+            << dictionaryConstructorTablePtr_->sortedToc()
+            << exit(FatalError);
+    }
+
+    return cstrIter()(dict, group);
+}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Destructor  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+Foam::diameterModels::shapeModel::~shapeModel()
+{}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Member Functions  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+const Foam::diameterModels::sizeGroup& Foam::diameterModels::shapeModel::
+SizeGroup() const
+{
+    return sizeGroup_;
+}
+
+
+void Foam::diameterModels::shapeModel::correct()
+{}
+
+
+void Foam::diameterModels::shapeModel::addCoalescence
+(
+    const volScalarField& Su,
+    const sizeGroup& fj,
+    const sizeGroup& fk
+)
+{}
+
+
+void Foam::diameterModels::shapeModel::addBreakup
+(
+    const volScalarField& Su,
+    const sizeGroup& fj
+)
+{}
+
+
+void Foam::diameterModels::shapeModel::addDrift
+(
+    const volScalarField& Su,
+    const sizeGroup& fu,
+    const driftModel& model
+)
+{}
+
+
+void Foam::diameterModels::shapeModel::addNucleation
+(
+    const volScalarField& Su,
+    const sizeGroup& fi,
+    const nucleationModel& model
+)
+{}
+
+
+void Foam::diameterModels::shapeModel::reset()
+{}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/diameterModels/velocityGroup/sizeGroup/shapeModels/shapeModel/shapeModel.H b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/diameterModels/velocityGroup/sizeGroup/shapeModels/shapeModel/shapeModel.H
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4cda7ad0d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/diameterModels/velocityGroup/sizeGroup/shapeModels/shapeModel/shapeModel.H
@@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2019 OpenFOAM Foundation
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+Class
+    Foam::shapeModel
+
+Description
+    Base class for modeling shape, i.e. a physical diameter of a sizeGroup.
+    This diameter may then be utilized for calculation of breakup, coalescence
+    or drift rates, depending on the model implementation.
+
+SourceFiles
+    shapeModel.C
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef shapeModel_H
+#define shapeModel_H
+
+#include "dictionary.H"
+#include "sizeGroup.H"
+#include "driftModel.H"
+#include "nucleationModel.H"
+#include "runTimeSelectionTables.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+namespace diameterModels
+{
+
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+                         Class shapeModel Declaration
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+class shapeModel
+{
+
+protected:
+
+    // Protected Data
+
+        //- Reference to sizeGroup
+        const sizeGroup& sizeGroup_;
+
+
+public:
+
+    //- Runtime type information
+    TypeName("shapeModel");
+
+
+    // Declare runtime construction
+
+        declareRunTimeSelectionTable
+        (
+            autoPtr,
+            shapeModel,
+            dictionary,
+            (
+                const dictionary& dict,
+                const sizeGroup& group
+            ),
+            (dict, group)
+        );
+
+
+    // Constructors
+
+        //- Construct from dictionary and sizeGroup
+        shapeModel
+        (
+            const dictionary& dict,
+            const sizeGroup& group
+        );
+
+        //- Disallow default bitwise copy construction
+        shapeModel(const shapeModel&) = delete;
+
+
+    // Selectors
+
+        static autoPtr<shapeModel> New
+        (
+            const dictionary& dict,
+            const sizeGroup& group
+        );
+
+
+    //- Destructor
+    virtual ~shapeModel();
+
+
+    // Member Functions
+
+        // Access
+
+            //- Return reference to size group
+            const sizeGroup& SizeGroup() const;
+
+            //- Return representative surface area of the sizeGroup
+            virtual const tmp<volScalarField> a() const = 0;
+
+            //- Return representative diameter of the sizeGroup
+            virtual const tmp<volScalarField> d() const = 0;
+
+        // Edit
+
+            //- Correct physical diameter
+            virtual void correct();
+
+            //- Add coalescence contribution to secondary property source
+            virtual void addCoalescence
+            (
+                const volScalarField& Su,
+                const sizeGroup& fj,
+                const sizeGroup& fk
+            );
+
+            //- Add breakup contribution to secondary property source
+            virtual void addBreakup
+            (
+                const volScalarField& Su,
+                const sizeGroup& fj
+            );
+
+            //- Add drift contribution to secondary property source
+            virtual void addDrift
+            (
+                const volScalarField& Su,
+                const sizeGroup& fu,
+                const driftModel& model
+            );
+
+            //- Add drift contribution to secondary property source
+            virtual void addNucleation
+            (
+                const volScalarField& Su,
+                const sizeGroup& fi,
+                const nucleationModel& model
+            );
+
+            //- Reset secondary property source
+            virtual void reset();
+
+
+    // Member Operators
+
+        //- Disallow default bitwise assignment
+        void operator=(const shapeModel&) = delete;
+};
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+} // End namespace diameterModels
+} // End namespace Foam
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+#endif
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/diameterModels/velocityGroup/sizeGroup/shapeModels/spherical/spherical.C b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/diameterModels/velocityGroup/sizeGroup/shapeModels/spherical/spherical.C
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2ac9c8326e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/diameterModels/velocityGroup/sizeGroup/shapeModels/spherical/spherical.C
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2019 OpenFOAM Foundation
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "spherical.H"
+#include "addToRunTimeSelectionTable.H"
+#include "mathematicalConstants.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Static Data Members * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+namespace diameterModels
+{
+namespace shapeModels
+{
+    defineTypeNameAndDebug(spherical, 0);
+    addToRunTimeSelectionTable
+    (
+        shapeModel,
+        spherical,
+        dictionary
+    );
+}
+}
+}
+
+using Foam::constant::mathematical::pi;
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Constructors  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+Foam::diameterModels::shapeModels::spherical::
+spherical
+(
+    const dictionary& dict,
+    const sizeGroup& group
+)
+:
+    shapeModel(dict, group)
+{}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Destructor  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+Foam::diameterModels::shapeModels::spherical::~spherical()
+{}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Member Functions  * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+const Foam::tmp<Foam::volScalarField>
+Foam::diameterModels::shapeModels::spherical::a() const
+{
+    return tmp<volScalarField>
+    (
+        volScalarField::New
+        (
+            "a",
+            sizeGroup_.mesh(),
+            6.0/sizeGroup_.dSph()*sizeGroup_.x()
+        )
+    );
+}
+
+
+const Foam::tmp<Foam::volScalarField>
+Foam::diameterModels::shapeModels::spherical::d() const
+{
+    return tmp<volScalarField>
+    (
+        volScalarField::New("d", sizeGroup_.mesh(), sizeGroup_.dSph())
+    );
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/diameterModels/velocityGroup/sizeGroup/shapeModels/spherical/spherical.H b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/diameterModels/velocityGroup/sizeGroup/shapeModels/spherical/spherical.H
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..30e39d1ddb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/diameterModels/velocityGroup/sizeGroup/shapeModels/spherical/spherical.H
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2019 OpenFOAM Foundation
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+Class
+    Foam::diameterModels::shapeModels::spherical
+
+Description
+    Uniform spherical shape.
+
+SourceFiles
+    constant.C
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef spherical_H
+#define spherical_H
+
+#include "shapeModel.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+namespace diameterModels
+{
+namespace shapeModels
+{
+
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+                          Class spherical Declaration
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+class spherical
+:
+    public shapeModel
+{
+public:
+
+    //- Runtime type information
+    TypeName("spherical");
+
+
+    // Constructors
+
+        //- Construct from dictionary and sizeGroup
+        spherical
+        (
+            const dictionary& dict,
+            const sizeGroup& group
+        );
+
+
+    //- Destructor
+    virtual ~spherical();
+
+
+    // Member Functions
+
+        //- Return representative surface area of the sizeGroup
+        virtual const tmp<volScalarField> a() const;
+
+        //- Return representative diameter of the sizeGroup
+        virtual const tmp<volScalarField> d() const;
+};
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+} // End namespace shapeModels
+} // End namespace diameterModels
+} // End namespace Foam
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+#endif
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/diameterModels/velocityGroup/sizeGroup/sizeGroup.C b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/diameterModels/velocityGroup/sizeGroup/sizeGroup.C
index e2b977ba04..5f75143b56 100644
--- a/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/diameterModels/velocityGroup/sizeGroup/sizeGroup.C
+++ b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/diameterModels/velocityGroup/sizeGroup/sizeGroup.C
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   =========                 |
   \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
    \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
-    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2017-2018 OpenFOAM Foundation
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2017-2019 OpenFOAM Foundation
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
@@ -26,6 +26,13 @@ License
 #include "sizeGroup.H"
 #include "populationBalanceModel.H"
 #include "mixedFvPatchField.H"
+#include "shapeModel.H"
+#include "mathematicalConstants.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Static Data Members * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+using Foam::constant::mathematical::pi;
+
 
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Constructors  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
@@ -60,10 +67,11 @@ Foam::diameterModels::sizeGroup::sizeGroup
         dimensionedScalar(name, dimless, readScalar(dict.lookup("value"))),
         velocityGroup.f().boundaryField().types()
     ),
+    dict_(dict),
     phase_(phase),
     velocityGroup_(velocityGroup),
-    d_("d", dimLength, dict),
-    x_("x", velocityGroup.formFactor()*pow3(d_)),
+    dSph_("dSph", dimLength, dict),
+    x_("x", pi/6.0*pow3(dSph_)),
     value_(readScalar(dict.lookup("value")))
 {
     // Adjust refValue at mixedFvPatchField boundaries
@@ -85,6 +93,8 @@ Foam::diameterModels::sizeGroup::sizeGroup
             f.refValue() = value_;
         }
     }
+
+    shapeModel_ = shapeModel::New(velocityGroup_.diameterProperties(), *this);
 }
 
 
@@ -104,4 +114,47 @@ Foam::diameterModels::sizeGroup::clone() const
 }
 
 
+const Foam::autoPtr<Foam::label>& Foam::diameterModels::sizeGroup::i() const
+{
+    if (!i_.valid())
+    {
+        const populationBalanceModel& popBal =
+            this->mesh().lookupObject<populationBalanceModel>
+            (
+                velocityGroup_.popBalName()
+            );
+
+        forAll(popBal.sizeGroups(), j)
+        {
+            if (&popBal.sizeGroups()[j] == &*this)
+            {
+                i_.set(new label(j));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    return i_;
+}
+
+
+const Foam::tmp<Foam::volScalarField>
+Foam::diameterModels::sizeGroup::a() const
+{
+    return shapeModel_->a();
+}
+
+
+const Foam::tmp<Foam::volScalarField>
+Foam::diameterModels::sizeGroup::d() const
+{
+    return shapeModel_->d();
+}
+
+
+void Foam::diameterModels::sizeGroup::correct()
+{
+    shapeModel_->correct();
+}
+
+
 // ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/diameterModels/velocityGroup/sizeGroup/sizeGroup.H b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/diameterModels/velocityGroup/sizeGroup/sizeGroup.H
index 959e0b6679..e7410c8221 100644
--- a/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/diameterModels/velocityGroup/sizeGroup/sizeGroup.H
+++ b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/diameterModels/velocityGroup/sizeGroup/sizeGroup.H
@@ -26,28 +26,32 @@ Class
 
 Description
     This class represents a single sizeGroup belonging to a velocityGroup.
-    The main property of a sizeGroup is its representative diameter. The
-    corresponding volScalarField f<number>.<phaseName>.<populationBalanceName>
+    The main property of a sizeGroup is its representative volume. The
+    corresponding volScalarField f'number'.'phaseName'.'populationBalanceName'
     gives the volume fraction of the sizeGroup such that all sizeGroup fractions
     over a velocityGroup must sum to unity. The field is either read from the
     startTime directory if present or constructed from a reference field called
-    f.<phaseName>.<populationBalanceName> where the boundary condition types
+    f.'phaseName'.'populationBalanceName' where the boundary condition types
     must be specified. All field and boundary condition values are reset to
-    match the "value" given in the sizeGroup subdictionary.
+    match the 'value' given in the sizeGroup subdictionary.
+
+    The corresponding physical diameter that is representative for the class is
+    computed by a separate shapeModel, specified in the velocityGroupCoeffs
+    dictionary.
 
 Usage
     \table
-        Property     | Description             | Required    | Default value
-        d            | Representative diameter | yes         |
-        value        | Field and BC value      | yes         |
+        Property     | Description                | Required    | Default value
+        dSph         | Sphere equivalent diameter | yes         | none
+        value        | Field and BC value         | yes         | none
     \endtable
 
     Example
     \verbatim
     f1
     {
-        d            3e-3;
-        value        1.0;
+        ds      3e-3;
+        value   1.0;
     }
     \endverbatim
 
@@ -73,6 +77,8 @@ namespace Foam
 namespace diameterModels
 {
 
+class shapeModel;
+
 /*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
                           Class sizeGroup Declaration
 \*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
@@ -81,16 +87,20 @@ class sizeGroup
 :
     public volScalarField
 {
+private:
+
     // Private Data
 
+        dictionary dict_;
+
         //- Phase this  sizeGroup belongs to
         const phaseModel& phase_;
 
         //- VelocityGroup this sizeGroup belongs to
         const velocityGroup& velocityGroup_;
 
-        //- Representative diameter of the sizeGroup
-        const dimensionedScalar d_;
+        //- Sphere equivalent diameter of the sizeGroup
+        const dimensionedScalar dSph_;
 
         //- Representative volume of the sizeGroup
         const dimensionedScalar x_;
@@ -98,6 +108,13 @@ class sizeGroup
         //- Initial value and value at boundaries
         const scalar value_;
 
+        //- Label of this sizeGroup within the corresponding populationBalance
+        mutable autoPtr<label> i_;
+
+        //- Model for describing the representative shape of the elements in the
+        //  sizeGroup
+        autoPtr<shapeModel> shapeModel_;
+
 
 public:
 
@@ -158,19 +175,38 @@ public:
 
     // Member Functions
 
-        inline const word& keyword() const;
+        //- Return const-reference to the dictionary
+        inline const dictionary& dict() const;
 
         //- Return const-reference to the phase
-        inline const phaseModel&  phase() const;
+        inline const phaseModel& phase() const;
 
         //- Return const-reference to the velocityGroup
         inline const velocityGroup& VelocityGroup() const;
 
-        //- Return representative diameter of the sizeGroup
-        inline const dimensionedScalar& d() const;
+        //- Return representative spherical diameter of the sizeGroup
+        inline const dimensionedScalar& dSph() const;
 
         //- Return representative volume of the sizeGroup
         inline const dimensionedScalar& x() const;
+
+        //- Return reference to diameterModel of the phase
+        inline autoPtr<shapeModel>& shapeModelPtr();
+
+        //- Return const-reference to diameterModel of the phase
+        inline const autoPtr<shapeModel>& shapeModelPtr() const;
+
+        //- Return label of the sizeGroup within the population balance
+        const autoPtr<label>& i() const;
+
+        //- Return representative surface area of the sizeGroup
+        const tmp<volScalarField> a() const;
+
+        //- Return representative diameter of the sizeGroup
+        const tmp<volScalarField> d() const;
+
+        //- Correct secondary properties
+        void correct();
 };
 
 
diff --git a/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/diameterModels/velocityGroup/sizeGroup/sizeGroupI.H b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/diameterModels/velocityGroup/sizeGroup/sizeGroupI.H
index 58f34f638a..e71c5c1dcf 100644
--- a/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/diameterModels/velocityGroup/sizeGroup/sizeGroupI.H
+++ b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/diameterModels/velocityGroup/sizeGroup/sizeGroupI.H
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   =========                 |
   \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
    \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
-    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2017-2018 OpenFOAM Foundation
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2017-2019 OpenFOAM Foundation
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
@@ -25,10 +25,10 @@ License
 
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Member Functions  * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
-inline const Foam::word&
-Foam::diameterModels::sizeGroup::keyword() const
+inline const Foam::dictionary&
+Foam::diameterModels::sizeGroup::dict() const
 {
-    return name();
+    return dict_;
 }
 
 
@@ -47,9 +47,9 @@ Foam::diameterModels::sizeGroup::VelocityGroup() const
 
 
 inline const Foam::dimensionedScalar&
-Foam::diameterModels::sizeGroup::d() const
+Foam::diameterModels::sizeGroup::dSph() const
 {
-    return d_;
+    return dSph_;
 }
 
 
@@ -60,4 +60,17 @@ Foam::diameterModels::sizeGroup::x() const
 }
 
 
+inline Foam::autoPtr<Foam::diameterModels::shapeModel>&
+Foam::diameterModels::sizeGroup::shapeModelPtr()
+{
+    return shapeModel_;
+}
+
+
+inline const Foam::autoPtr<Foam::diameterModels::shapeModel>&
+Foam::diameterModels::sizeGroup::shapeModelPtr() const
+{
+    return shapeModel_;
+}
+
 // ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/diameterModels/velocityGroup/velocityGroup.C b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/diameterModels/velocityGroup/velocityGroup.C
index fc693cd516..bfa3fc6cfc 100644
--- a/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/diameterModels/velocityGroup/velocityGroup.C
+++ b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/diameterModels/velocityGroup/velocityGroup.C
@@ -67,10 +67,33 @@ Foam::tmp<Foam::volScalarField> Foam::diameterModels::velocityGroup::dsm() const
     {
         const sizeGroup& fi = sizeGroups_[i];
 
-        invDsm += fi/fi.d();
+        invDsm += fi.a()*fi/fi.x();
     }
 
-    return 1.0/tInvDsm;
+    return 6.0/tInvDsm;
+}
+
+
+Foam::tmp<Foam::volScalarField> Foam::diameterModels::velocityGroup::N() const
+{
+    tmp<volScalarField> tN
+    (
+        volScalarField::New
+        (
+            "N",
+            phase_.mesh(),
+            dimensionedScalar(inv(dimVolume), 0)
+        )
+    );
+
+    volScalarField& N = tN.ref();
+
+    forAll(sizeGroups_, i)
+    {
+        N += phase_*sizeGroups_[i]/sizeGroups_[i].x();
+    }
+
+    return tN;
 }
 
 
@@ -167,7 +190,6 @@ Foam::diameterModels::velocityGroup::velocityGroup
         ),
         phase.mesh()
     ),
-    formFactor_("formFactor", dimless, diameterProperties),
     sizeGroups_
     (
         diameterProperties.lookup("sizeGroups"),
diff --git a/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/diameterModels/velocityGroup/velocityGroup.H b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/diameterModels/velocityGroup/velocityGroup.H
index 0c345ed2c7..0c4c04a805 100644
--- a/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/diameterModels/velocityGroup/velocityGroup.H
+++ b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/diameterModels/velocityGroup/velocityGroup.H
@@ -36,7 +36,6 @@ Usage
     \table
         Property          | Description
         populationBalance | Name of the corresponding populationBalance
-        formFactor        | Form factor for converting diameter into volume
         sizeGroups        | List of sizeGroups
     \endtable
 
@@ -47,16 +46,16 @@ Usage
     {
         populationBalance    bubbles;
 
-        formFactor      0.5235987756;
+        shapeModel           constant;
 
         sizeGroups
         (
-            f0{d  1.00e-3; value 0;}
-            f1{d  1.08e-3; value 0;}
-            f2{d  1.16e-3; value 0.25;}
-            f3{d  1.25e-3; value 0.5;}
-            f4{d  1.36e-3; value 0.25;}
-            f5{d  1.46e-3; value 0;}
+            f0{dSph  1.00e-3; value 0;}
+            f1{dSph  1.08e-3; value 0;}
+            f2{dSph  1.16e-3; value 0.25;}
+            f3{dSph  1.25e-3; value 0.5;}
+            f4{dSph  1.36e-3; value 0.25;}
+            f5{dSph  1.46e-3; value 0;}
             ...
         );
     }
@@ -85,6 +84,7 @@ namespace Foam
 namespace diameterModels
 {
 
+// Forward declaration of classes
 class sizeGroup;
 
 /*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
@@ -104,13 +104,10 @@ class velocityGroup
         //  the sizeGroup fields are derived
         volScalarField f_;
 
-        //- Form factor relating diameter and volume
-        dimensionedScalar formFactor_;
-
         //- sizeGroups belonging to this velocityGroup
         PtrList<sizeGroup> sizeGroups_;
 
-        //- Number-based Sauter-mean diameter of the phase
+        //- Sauter-mean diameter of the phase
         volScalarField d_;
 
         //- Multivariate convection scheme
@@ -129,6 +126,8 @@ class velocityGroup
 
         tmp<volScalarField> fSum() const;
 
+        tmp<volScalarField> N() const;
+
         void scale();
 
         tmp<Foam::fv::convectionScheme<Foam::scalar>> mvconvection() const;
@@ -162,9 +161,6 @@ public:
         //- Return reference field for sizeGroup's
         inline const volScalarField& f() const;
 
-        //- Return the form factor
-        inline const dimensionedScalar& formFactor() const;
-
         //- Return sizeGroups belonging to this velocityGroup
         inline const PtrList<sizeGroup>& sizeGroups() const;
 
diff --git a/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/diameterModels/velocityGroup/velocityGroupI.H b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/diameterModels/velocityGroup/velocityGroupI.H
index d91e6b2de5..00b68c4088 100644
--- a/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/diameterModels/velocityGroup/velocityGroupI.H
+++ b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/diameterModels/velocityGroup/velocityGroupI.H
@@ -39,13 +39,6 @@ Foam::diameterModels::velocityGroup::f() const
 }
 
 
-inline const Foam::dimensionedScalar&
-Foam::diameterModels::velocityGroup::formFactor() const
-{
-    return formFactor_;
-}
-
-
 inline const Foam::PtrList<Foam::diameterModels::sizeGroup>&
 Foam::diameterModels::velocityGroup::sizeGroups() const
 {
diff --git a/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/binaryBreakupModels/LehrMilliesMewes/LehrMilliesMewes.C b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/binaryBreakupModels/LehrMilliesMewes/LehrMilliesMewes.C
index cec2189177..917f00d0a1 100644
--- a/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/binaryBreakupModels/LehrMilliesMewes/LehrMilliesMewes.C
+++ b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/binaryBreakupModels/LehrMilliesMewes/LehrMilliesMewes.C
@@ -100,11 +100,11 @@ addToBinaryBreakupRate
     );
 
     binaryBreakupRate +=
-        0.5*pow(fj.d()/L, 5.0/3.0)
-       *exp(-sqrt(2.0)/pow3(fj.d()/L))
-       *6.0/pow(pi, 1.5)/pow3(fi.d()/L)
-       *exp(-9.0/4.0*sqr(log(pow(2.0, 0.4)*fi.d()/L)))
-       /max(1.0 + erf(1.5*log(pow(2.0, 1.0/15.0)*fj.d()/L)), SMALL)
+        0.5*pow(fj.dSph()/L, 5.0/3.0)
+       *exp(-sqrt(2.0)/pow3(fj.dSph()/L))
+       *6.0/pow(pi, 1.5)/pow3(fi.dSph()/L)
+       *exp(-9.0/4.0*sqr(log(pow(2.0, 0.4)*fi.dSph()/L)))
+       /max(1.0 + erf(1.5*log(pow(2.0, 1.0/15.0)*fj.dSph()/L)), SMALL)
        /(T*pow3(L));
 }
 
diff --git a/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/binaryBreakupModels/LuoSvendsen/LuoSvendsen.C b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/binaryBreakupModels/LuoSvendsen/LuoSvendsen.C
index 1f783a2e49..0b15ae2877 100644
--- a/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/binaryBreakupModels/LuoSvendsen/LuoSvendsen.C
+++ b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/binaryBreakupModels/LuoSvendsen/LuoSvendsen.C
@@ -178,12 +178,12 @@ Foam::diameterModels::binaryBreakupModels::LuoSvendsen::addToBinaryBreakupRate
     (
         12.0*cf*popBal_.sigmaWithContinuousPhase(fi.phase())
        /(
-            beta_*continuousPhase.rho()*pow(fj.d(), 5.0/3.0)
+            beta_*continuousPhase.rho()*pow(fj.dSph(), 5.0/3.0)
            *pow(popBal_.continuousTurbulence().epsilon(), 2.0/3.0)
         )
     );
 
-    const volScalarField xiMin(minEddyRatio_*kolmogorovLengthScale_/fj.d());
+    const volScalarField xiMin(minEddyRatio_*kolmogorovLengthScale_/fj.dSph());
 
     const volScalarField tMin(b/pow(xiMin, 11.0/3.0));
 
@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ Foam::diameterModels::binaryBreakupModels::LuoSvendsen::addToBinaryBreakupRate
        *cbrt
         (
             popBal_.continuousTurbulence().epsilon()
-           /sqr(fj.d())
+           /sqr(fj.dSph())
         )
        *integral;
 }
diff --git a/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/binaryBreakupModels/binaryBreakupModel/binaryBreakupModel.H b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/binaryBreakupModels/binaryBreakupModel/binaryBreakupModel.H
index 2c1ead740c..12e7cf2f18 100644
--- a/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/binaryBreakupModels/binaryBreakupModel/binaryBreakupModel.H
+++ b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/binaryBreakupModels/binaryBreakupModel/binaryBreakupModel.H
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   =========                 |
   \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
    \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
-    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2017-2018 OpenFOAM Foundation
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2017-2019 OpenFOAM Foundation
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ class binaryBreakupModel
 {
 protected:
 
-    // Protected data
+    // Protected Data
 
         //- Reference to the populationBalanceModel
         const populationBalanceModel& popBal_;
diff --git a/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/breakupModels/LaakkonenAlopaeusAittamaa/LaakkonenAlopaeusAittamaa.C b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/breakupModels/LaakkonenAlopaeusAittamaa/LaakkonenAlopaeusAittamaa.C
index d6805da323..355f217e8b 100644
--- a/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/breakupModels/LaakkonenAlopaeusAittamaa/LaakkonenAlopaeusAittamaa.C
+++ b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/breakupModels/LaakkonenAlopaeusAittamaa/LaakkonenAlopaeusAittamaa.C
@@ -92,14 +92,14 @@ Foam::diameterModels::breakupModels::LaakkonenAlopaeusAittamaa::setBreakupRate
             (
                 C2_*popBal_.sigmaWithContinuousPhase(fi.phase())
                /(
-                    continuousPhase.rho()*pow(fi.d(), 5.0/3.0)
+                    continuousPhase.rho()*pow(fi.dSph(), 5.0/3.0)
                    *pow(popBal_.continuousTurbulence().epsilon(), 2.0/3.0)
                 )
               + C3_*continuousPhase.mu()
                /(
                     sqrt(continuousPhase.rho()*fi.phase().rho())
                    *cbrt(popBal_.continuousTurbulence().epsilon())
-                   *pow(fi.d(), 4.0/3.0)
+                   *pow(fi.dSph(), 4.0/3.0)
                 )
             )
         );
diff --git a/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/breakupModels/breakupModel/breakupModel.H b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/breakupModels/breakupModel/breakupModel.H
index ce6a47c5da..2119fb3c5b 100644
--- a/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/breakupModels/breakupModel/breakupModel.H
+++ b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/breakupModels/breakupModel/breakupModel.H
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   =========                 |
   \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
    \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
-    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2017-2018 OpenFOAM Foundation
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2017-2019 OpenFOAM Foundation
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ class breakupModel
 {
 protected:
 
-    // Protected data
+    // Protected Data
 
         //- Reference to the populationBalanceModel
         const populationBalanceModel& popBal_;
diff --git a/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/coalescenceModels/DahnekeInterpolation/DahnekeInterpolation.C b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/coalescenceModels/DahnekeInterpolation/DahnekeInterpolation.C
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e7cf1a187d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/coalescenceModels/DahnekeInterpolation/DahnekeInterpolation.C
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2019 OpenFOAM Foundation
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "DahnekeInterpolation.H"
+#include "addToRunTimeSelectionTable.H"
+#include "brownianCollisions.H"
+#include "ballisticCollisions.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Static Data Members * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+namespace diameterModels
+{
+namespace coalescenceModels
+{
+    defineTypeNameAndDebug(DahnekeInterpolation, 0);
+    addToRunTimeSelectionTable
+    (
+        coalescenceModel,
+        DahnekeInterpolation,
+        dictionary
+    );
+}
+}
+}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Constructors  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+Foam::diameterModels::coalescenceModels::DahnekeInterpolation::
+DahnekeInterpolation
+(
+    const populationBalanceModel& popBal,
+    const dictionary& dict
+)
+:
+    coalescenceModel(popBal, dict),
+    brownian_(new brownianCollisions(popBal, dict)),
+    brownianCollisionRate_
+    (
+        IOobject
+        (
+            "brownianCollisionRate",
+            popBal_.mesh().time().timeName(),
+            popBal_.mesh()
+        ),
+        popBal_.mesh(),
+        dimensionedScalar("brownianCollisionRate", dimVolume/dimTime, 0.0)
+    ),
+    ballistic_(new ballisticCollisions(popBal, dict)),
+    ballisticCollisionRate_
+    (
+        IOobject
+        (
+            "ballisticCollisionRate",
+            popBal_.mesh().time().timeName(),
+            popBal_.mesh()
+        ),
+        popBal_.mesh(),
+        dimensionedScalar("ballisticCollisionRate", dimVolume/dimTime, 0.0)
+    )
+{}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Member Functions  * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+void
+Foam::diameterModels::coalescenceModels::DahnekeInterpolation::
+addToCoalescenceRate
+(
+    volScalarField& coalescenceRate,
+    const label i,
+    const label j
+)
+{
+    brownianCollisionRate_ = Zero;
+    ballisticCollisionRate_ = Zero;
+
+    brownian_().addToCoalescenceRate(brownianCollisionRate_, i, j);
+    ballistic_().addToCoalescenceRate(ballisticCollisionRate_, i, j);
+
+    const volScalarField KnD
+    (
+        brownianCollisionRate_/(2.0*ballisticCollisionRate_)
+    );
+
+    coalescenceRate +=
+        brownianCollisionRate_*(1.0 + KnD)/(1.0 + 2.0*KnD + 2.0*sqr(KnD));
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/coalescenceModels/DahnekeInterpolation/DahnekeInterpolation.H b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/coalescenceModels/DahnekeInterpolation/DahnekeInterpolation.H
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cacd9efb79
--- /dev/null
+++ b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/coalescenceModels/DahnekeInterpolation/DahnekeInterpolation.H
@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2019 OpenFOAM Foundation
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+Class
+    Foam::diameterModels::coalescenceModels::DahnekeInterpolation
+
+Description
+    Aggregation model of Dahneke (1983). Utilizes physical, i.e. collisional
+    diameters.
+
+    References:
+    \verbatim
+        Dahneke, B. (1983).
+        Simple kinetic theory of Brownian diffusion in vapors and aerosols.
+        In Theory of dispersed multiphase flow (pp. 97-133). Academic Press.
+    \endverbatim
+
+SourceFiles
+    DahnekeInterpolation.C
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef DahnekeInterpolation_H
+#define DahnekeInterpolation_H
+
+#include "coalescenceModel.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+namespace diameterModels
+{
+namespace coalescenceModels
+{
+
+class brownianCollisions;
+class ballisticCollisions;
+
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+                    Class DahnekeInterpolation Declaration
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+class DahnekeInterpolation
+:
+    public coalescenceModel
+{
+    // Private Data
+
+        //- Model for coagulation due to brownian collisions
+        autoPtr<brownianCollisions> brownian_;
+
+        //- Rate for coagulation due to brownian collisions
+        volScalarField brownianCollisionRate_;
+
+        //- Model for coagulation due to ballistic collisions
+        autoPtr<ballisticCollisions> ballistic_;
+
+        //- Rate for coagulation due to ballistic collisions
+        volScalarField ballisticCollisionRate_;
+
+
+public:
+
+    //- Runtime type information
+    TypeName("DahnekeInterpolation");
+
+    // Constructor
+
+        DahnekeInterpolation
+        (
+            const populationBalanceModel& popBal,
+            const dictionary& dict
+        );
+
+
+    //- Destructor
+    virtual ~DahnekeInterpolation()
+    {}
+
+
+    // Member Functions
+
+        //- Add to coalescenceRate
+        virtual void addToCoalescenceRate
+        (
+            volScalarField& coalescenceRate,
+            const label i,
+            const label j
+        );
+};
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+} // End namespace coalescenceModels
+} // End namespace diameterModels
+} // End namespace Foam
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+#endif
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/coalescenceModels/LehrMilliesMewesCoalescence/LehrMilliesMewesCoalescence.C b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/coalescenceModels/LehrMilliesMewesCoalescence/LehrMilliesMewesCoalescence.C
index 49cd5a4b7c..536cf497ff 100644
--- a/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/coalescenceModels/LehrMilliesMewesCoalescence/LehrMilliesMewesCoalescence.C
+++ b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/coalescenceModels/LehrMilliesMewesCoalescence/LehrMilliesMewesCoalescence.C
@@ -89,13 +89,13 @@ addToCoalescenceRate
         max
         (
             sqrt(2.0)*cbrt(popBal_.continuousTurbulence().epsilon())
-           *sqrt(cbrt(sqr(fi.d())) + cbrt(sqr(fj.d()))),
+           *sqrt(cbrt(sqr(fi.dSph())) + cbrt(sqr(fj.dSph()))),
             mag(fi.phase().U() - fj.phase().U())
         )
     );
 
     coalescenceRate +=
-        pi/4.0*sqr(fi.d() + fj.d())*min(uChar, uCrit_)
+        pi/4.0*sqr(fi.dSph() + fj.dSph())*min(uChar, uCrit_)
        *exp
         (
           - sqr(cbrt(alphaMax_)
diff --git a/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/coalescenceModels/Luo/Luo.C b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/coalescenceModels/Luo/Luo.C
index 7657e14c05..3894d833f4 100644
--- a/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/coalescenceModels/Luo/Luo.C
+++ b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/coalescenceModels/Luo/Luo.C
@@ -96,17 +96,17 @@ addToCoalescenceRate
                 popBal_.continuousPhase()
             );
 
-        const dimensionedScalar xi = fi.d()/fj.d();
+        const dimensionedScalar xi = fi.dSph()/fj.dSph();
 
         const volScalarField uij
         (
             sqrt(beta_)
-           *cbrt(popBal_.continuousTurbulence().epsilon()*fi.d())
+           *cbrt(popBal_.continuousTurbulence().epsilon()*fi.dSph())
            *sqrt(1.0 + pow(xi, -2.0/3.0))
         );
 
         coalescenceRate +=
-            pi/4.0*sqr(fi.d() + fj.d())*uij
+            pi/4.0*sqr(fi.dSph() + fj.dSph())*uij
            *exp
             (
               - C1_
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ addToCoalescenceRate
                 )
                *sqrt
                 (
-                    continuousPhase.rho()*fi.d()*sqr(uij)
+                    continuousPhase.rho()*fi.dSph()*sqr(uij)
                    /popBal_.sigmaWithContinuousPhase(fi.phase())
                 )
             );
diff --git a/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/coalescenceModels/PrinceBlanch/PrinceBlanch.C b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/coalescenceModels/PrinceBlanch/PrinceBlanch.C
index ac9e935056..3f8e1d5d1b 100644
--- a/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/coalescenceModels/PrinceBlanch/PrinceBlanch.C
+++ b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/coalescenceModels/PrinceBlanch/PrinceBlanch.C
@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@ namespace coalescenceModels
 
 using Foam::constant::mathematical::pi;
 
+
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Constructors  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
 Foam::diameterModels::coalescenceModels::PrinceBlanch::
@@ -102,7 +103,7 @@ addToCoalescenceRate
     const uniformDimensionedVectorField& g =
         popBal_.mesh().lookupObject<uniformDimensionedVectorField>("g");
 
-    const dimensionedScalar rij(1.0/(1.0/fi.d() + 1.0/fj.d()));
+    const dimensionedScalar rij(1.0/(1.0/fi.dSph() + 1.0/fj.dSph()));
 
     const volScalarField collisionEfficiency
     (
@@ -122,16 +123,16 @@ addToCoalescenceRate
     {
         coalescenceRate +=
             (
-                C1_*pi*sqr(fi.d() + fj.d())
+                C1_*pi*sqr(fi.dSph() + fj.dSph())
                *cbrt(popBal_.continuousTurbulence().epsilon())
-               *sqrt(pow(fi.d(), 2.0/3.0) + pow(fj.d(), 2.0/3.0))
+               *sqrt(pow(fi.dSph(), 2.0/3.0) + pow(fj.dSph(), 2.0/3.0))
             )
            *collisionEfficiency;
     }
 
     if (buoyancy_)
     {
-        const dimensionedScalar Sij(pi/4.0*sqr(fi.d() + fj.d()));
+        const dimensionedScalar Sij(pi/4.0*sqr(fi.dSph() + fj.dSph()));
 
         coalescenceRate +=
             (
@@ -141,12 +142,14 @@ addToCoalescenceRate
                     sqrt
                     (
                         2.14*popBal_.sigmaWithContinuousPhase(fi.phase())
-                       /(continuousPhase.rho()*fi.d()) + 0.505*mag(g)*fi.d()
+                       /(continuousPhase.rho()*fi.dSph())
+                      + 0.505*mag(g)*fi.dSph()
                     )
                   - sqrt
                     (
                         2.14*popBal_.sigmaWithContinuousPhase(fi.phase())
-                       /(continuousPhase.rho()*fj.d()) + 0.505*mag(g)*fj.d()
+                       /(continuousPhase.rho()*fj.dSph())
+                      + 0.505*mag(g)*fj.dSph()
                     )
                 )
             )
diff --git a/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/coalescenceModels/ballisticCollisions/ballisticCollisions.C b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/coalescenceModels/ballisticCollisions/ballisticCollisions.C
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..02efe7e87c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/coalescenceModels/ballisticCollisions/ballisticCollisions.C
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2019 OpenFOAM Foundation
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "ballisticCollisions.H"
+#include "addToRunTimeSelectionTable.H"
+#include "fundamentalConstants.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Static Data Members * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+namespace diameterModels
+{
+namespace coalescenceModels
+{
+    defineTypeNameAndDebug(ballisticCollisions, 0);
+    addToRunTimeSelectionTable
+    (
+        coalescenceModel,
+        ballisticCollisions,
+        dictionary
+    );
+}
+}
+}
+
+using Foam::constant::physicoChemical::k;
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Constructors  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+Foam::diameterModels::coalescenceModels::ballisticCollisions::
+ballisticCollisions
+(
+    const populationBalanceModel& popBal,
+    const dictionary& dict
+)
+:
+    coalescenceModel(popBal, dict)
+{}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Member Functions  * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+void
+Foam::diameterModels::coalescenceModels::ballisticCollisions::
+addToCoalescenceRate
+(
+    volScalarField& coalescenceRate,
+    const label i,
+    const label j
+)
+{
+    const sizeGroup& fi = popBal_.sizeGroups()[i];
+    const sizeGroup& fj = popBal_.sizeGroups()[j];
+
+    const volScalarField& T = popBal_.continuousPhase().thermo().T();
+    const volScalarField& rhoP = fi.phase().rho();
+
+    coalescenceRate +=
+        sqrt(3*k*T/rhoP)*sqr((fi.d() + fj.d()))
+       *sqrt(1.0/pow3(fi.d()) + 1.0/pow3(fj.d()));
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/coalescenceModels/ballisticCollisions/ballisticCollisions.H b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/coalescenceModels/ballisticCollisions/ballisticCollisions.H
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f28f4854a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/coalescenceModels/ballisticCollisions/ballisticCollisions.H
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2019 OpenFOAM Foundation
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+Class
+    Foam::diameterModels::coalescenceModels::ballisticCollisions
+
+Description
+    Model describing aggregation due to ballistic collisions. Utilizes physical,
+    i.e. collisional diameters.
+
+SourceFiles
+    ballisticCollisions.C
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef ballisticCollisions_H
+#define ballisticCollisions_H
+
+#include "coalescenceModel.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+namespace diameterModels
+{
+namespace coalescenceModels
+{
+
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+                     Class ballisticCollisions Declaration
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+class ballisticCollisions
+:
+    public coalescenceModel
+{
+public:
+
+    //- Runtime type information
+    TypeName("ballisticCollisions");
+
+    // Constructor
+
+        ballisticCollisions
+        (
+            const populationBalanceModel& popBal,
+            const dictionary& dict
+        );
+
+
+    //- Destructor
+    virtual ~ballisticCollisions()
+    {}
+
+
+    // Member Functions
+
+        //- Add to coalescenceRate
+        virtual void addToCoalescenceRate
+        (
+            volScalarField& coalescenceRate,
+            const label i,
+            const label j
+        );
+};
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+} // End namespace coalescenceModels
+} // End namespace diameterModels
+} // End namespace Foam
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+#endif
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/coalescenceModels/brownianCollisions/brownianCollisions.C b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/coalescenceModels/brownianCollisions/brownianCollisions.C
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c65681ac8d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/coalescenceModels/brownianCollisions/brownianCollisions.C
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2019 OpenFOAM Foundation
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "brownianCollisions.H"
+#include "addToRunTimeSelectionTable.H"
+#include "fundamentalConstants.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Static Data Members * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+namespace diameterModels
+{
+namespace coalescenceModels
+{
+    defineTypeNameAndDebug(brownianCollisions, 0);
+    addToRunTimeSelectionTable
+    (
+        coalescenceModel,
+        brownianCollisions,
+        dictionary
+    );
+}
+}
+}
+
+using Foam::constant::physicoChemical::k;
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Constructors  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+Foam::diameterModels::coalescenceModels::brownianCollisions::
+brownianCollisions
+(
+    const populationBalanceModel& popBal,
+    const dictionary& dict
+)
+:
+    coalescenceModel(popBal, dict)
+{}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Member Functions  * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+void
+Foam::diameterModels::coalescenceModels::brownianCollisions::
+addToCoalescenceRate
+(
+    volScalarField& coalescenceRate,
+    const label i,
+    const label j
+)
+{
+    const sizeGroup& fi = popBal_.sizeGroups()[i];
+    const sizeGroup& fj = popBal_.sizeGroups()[j];
+
+    const volScalarField& T = popBal_.continuousPhase().thermo().T();
+    const volScalarField& mu = popBal_.continuousPhase().mu();
+
+    coalescenceRate +=
+        8.0*k*T/(3*mu)*(fi.d() + fj.d())
+       *(1.0/fi.d() + 1.0/fj.d());
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/coalescenceModels/brownianCollisions/brownianCollisions.H b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/coalescenceModels/brownianCollisions/brownianCollisions.H
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..dcceaf55b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/coalescenceModels/brownianCollisions/brownianCollisions.H
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2019 OpenFOAM Foundation
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+Class
+    Foam::diameterModels::coalescenceModels::brownianCollisions
+
+Description
+    Model describing aggregation due to brownian motion. Utilizes physical, i.e.
+    collisional diameters.
+
+SourceFiles
+    brownianCollisions.C
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef brownianCollisions_H
+#define brownianCollisions_H
+
+#include "coalescenceModel.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+namespace diameterModels
+{
+namespace coalescenceModels
+{
+
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+                     Class brownianCollisions Declaration
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+class brownianCollisions
+:
+    public coalescenceModel
+{
+public:
+
+    //- Runtime type information
+    TypeName("brownianCollisions");
+
+    // Constructor
+
+        brownianCollisions
+        (
+            const populationBalanceModel& popBal,
+            const dictionary& dict
+        );
+
+
+    //- Destructor
+    virtual ~brownianCollisions()
+    {}
+
+
+    // Member Functions
+
+        //- Add to coalescenceRate
+        virtual void addToCoalescenceRate
+        (
+            volScalarField& coalescenceRate,
+            const label i,
+            const label j
+        );
+};
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+} // End namespace coalescenceModels
+} // End namespace diameterModels
+} // End namespace Foam
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+#endif
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/coalescenceModels/coalescenceModel/coalescenceModel.H b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/coalescenceModels/coalescenceModel/coalescenceModel.H
index e7b320253b..2a8f6589da 100644
--- a/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/coalescenceModels/coalescenceModel/coalescenceModel.H
+++ b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/coalescenceModels/coalescenceModel/coalescenceModel.H
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   =========                 |
   \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
    \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
-    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2017-2018 OpenFOAM Foundation
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2017-2019 OpenFOAM Foundation
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ class coalescenceModel
 {
 protected:
 
-    // Protected data
+    // Protected Data
 
         //- Reference to the populationBalanceModel
         const populationBalanceModel& popBal_;
diff --git a/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/coalescenceModels/hydrodynamic/hydrodynamic.C b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/coalescenceModels/hydrodynamic/hydrodynamic.C
index 0b95d027ea..6ff3c9c781 100644
--- a/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/coalescenceModels/hydrodynamic/hydrodynamic.C
+++ b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/coalescenceModels/hydrodynamic/hydrodynamic.C
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   =========                 |
   \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
    \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
-    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2017-2018 OpenFOAM Foundation
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2017-2019 OpenFOAM Foundation
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ void Foam::diameterModels::coalescenceModels::hydrodynamic::addToCoalescenceRate
     const sizeGroup& fj = popBal_.sizeGroups()[j];
 
     coalescenceRate.primitiveFieldRef() +=
-        pow3((fi.d().value() + fj.d().value()));
+        pow3((cbrt(fi.x().value()) + cbrt(fj.x().value())));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/coalescenceModels/turbulentShear/turbulentShear.C b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/coalescenceModels/turbulentShear/turbulentShear.C
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e7a4278418
--- /dev/null
+++ b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/coalescenceModels/turbulentShear/turbulentShear.C
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2019 OpenFOAM Foundation
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "turbulentShear.H"
+#include "addToRunTimeSelectionTable.H"
+#include "phaseCompressibleTurbulenceModel.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Static Data Members * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+namespace diameterModels
+{
+namespace coalescenceModels
+{
+    defineTypeNameAndDebug(turbulentShear, 0);
+    addToRunTimeSelectionTable
+    (
+        coalescenceModel,
+        turbulentShear,
+        dictionary
+    );
+}
+}
+}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Constructors  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+Foam::diameterModels::coalescenceModels::turbulentShear::
+turbulentShear
+(
+    const populationBalanceModel& popBal,
+    const dictionary& dict
+)
+:
+    coalescenceModel(popBal, dict),
+    C_("C", dimless, dict)
+{}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Member Functions  * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+void
+Foam::diameterModels::coalescenceModels::turbulentShear::
+addToCoalescenceRate
+(
+    volScalarField& coalescenceRate,
+    const label i,
+    const label j
+)
+{
+    const sizeGroup& fi = popBal_.sizeGroups()[i];
+    const sizeGroup& fj = popBal_.sizeGroups()[j];
+
+    const volScalarField& epsilon = popBal_.continuousTurbulence().epsilon();
+    const volScalarField& rho = popBal_.continuousPhase().rho();
+    const volScalarField& mu = popBal_.continuousPhase().mu();
+
+    coalescenceRate += C_*sqrt(epsilon*rho/mu)*pow3(fi.d() + fj.d());
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/coalescenceModels/turbulentShear/turbulentShear.H b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/coalescenceModels/turbulentShear/turbulentShear.H
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a3fea9361d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/coalescenceModels/turbulentShear/turbulentShear.H
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2019 OpenFOAM Foundation
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+Class
+    Foam::diameterModels::coalescenceModels::turbulentShear
+
+Description
+    Model describing aggregation due to turbulent shear. Utilizes physical, i.e.
+    collisional diameters.
+
+SourceFiles
+    turbulentShear.C
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef turbulentShear_H
+#define turbulentShear_H
+
+#include "coalescenceModel.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+namespace diameterModels
+{
+namespace coalescenceModels
+{
+
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+                       Class turbulentShear Declaration
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+class turbulentShear
+:
+    public coalescenceModel
+{
+    // Private Data
+
+        //- Constant coefficient
+        dimensionedScalar C_;
+
+
+public:
+
+    //- Runtime type information
+    TypeName("turbulentShear");
+
+    // Constructor
+
+        turbulentShear
+        (
+            const populationBalanceModel& popBal,
+            const dictionary& dict
+        );
+
+
+    //- Destructor
+    virtual ~turbulentShear()
+    {}
+
+
+    // Member Functions
+
+        //- Add to coalescenceRate
+        virtual void addToCoalescenceRate
+        (
+            volScalarField& coalescenceRate,
+            const label i,
+            const label j
+        );
+};
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+} // End namespace coalescenceModels
+} // End namespace diameterModels
+} // End namespace Foam
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+#endif
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/daughterSizeDistributionModels/daughterSizeDistributionModel/daughterSizeDistributionModel.H b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/daughterSizeDistributionModels/daughterSizeDistributionModel/daughterSizeDistributionModel.H
index 92864dca11..b8225bc760 100644
--- a/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/daughterSizeDistributionModels/daughterSizeDistributionModel/daughterSizeDistributionModel.H
+++ b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/daughterSizeDistributionModels/daughterSizeDistributionModel/daughterSizeDistributionModel.H
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ class daughterSizeDistributionModel
 {
 protected:
 
-    // Protected data
+    // Protected Data
 
         //- Reference to the breakupModel
         const breakupModel& breakup_;
diff --git a/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/driftModels/driftModel/driftModel.C b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/driftModels/driftModel/driftModel.C
index e75e49da58..47da6643a7 100644
--- a/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/driftModels/driftModel/driftModel.C
+++ b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/driftModels/driftModel/driftModel.C
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   =========                 |
   \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
    \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
-    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2017-2018 OpenFOAM Foundation
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2017-2019 OpenFOAM Foundation
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
@@ -73,7 +73,8 @@ Foam::diameterModels::driftModel::driftModel
     const dictionary& dict
 )
 :
-    popBal_(popBal)
+    popBal_(popBal),
+    dict_(dict)
 {}
 
 
diff --git a/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/driftModels/driftModel/driftModel.H b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/driftModels/driftModel/driftModel.H
index 145ebffb38..ac496ae03c 100644
--- a/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/driftModels/driftModel/driftModel.H
+++ b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/driftModels/driftModel/driftModel.H
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   =========                 |
   \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
    \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
-    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2017-2018 OpenFOAM Foundation
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2017-2019 OpenFOAM Foundation
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
@@ -52,11 +52,14 @@ class driftModel
 {
 protected:
 
-    // Protected data
+    // Protected Data
 
         //- Reference to the populationBalanceModel
         const populationBalanceModel& popBal_;
 
+        //- Model dictionary
+        const dictionary dict_;
+
 
 public:
 
@@ -139,6 +142,12 @@ public:
             return popBal_;
         }
 
+        //- Return reference to model dictionary
+        const dictionary& dict() const
+        {
+            return dict_;
+        }
+
         //- Correct diameter independent expressions
         virtual void correct();
 
diff --git a/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/driftModels/phaseChange/phaseChange.C b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/driftModels/phaseChange/phaseChange.C
index a28bff182b..93049b3ef0 100644
--- a/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/driftModels/phaseChange/phaseChange.C
+++ b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/driftModels/phaseChange/phaseChange.C
@@ -111,9 +111,14 @@ void Foam::diameterModels::driftModels::phaseChange::correct()
                     {
                         const sizeGroup& fi = vgj.sizeGroups()[i];
 
-                        W_[k] +=
-                            fi*max(fi.phase(), small)
-                           /(numberWeighted_ ? fi.x() : fi.d());
+                        if (numberWeighted_)
+                        {
+                            W_[k] += fi*max(fi.phase(), small)/fi.x();
+                        }
+                        else
+                        {
+                            W_[k] += fi*max(fi.phase(), small)/fi.x()*fi.a();
+                        }
                     }
                 }
             }
@@ -155,7 +160,7 @@ void Foam::diameterModels::driftModels::phaseChange::addToDriftRate
 
             if (!numberWeighted_)
             {
-                dDriftRate.ref() *= fi.x()/fi.d();
+                dDriftRate.ref() *= fi.a();
             }
 
             driftRate += dDriftRate;
diff --git a/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/nucleationModels/constantNucleation/constantNucleation.C b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/nucleationModels/constantNucleation/constantNucleation.C
index 0f26862591..714f088c59 100644
--- a/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/nucleationModels/constantNucleation/constantNucleation.C
+++ b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/nucleationModels/constantNucleation/constantNucleation.C
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   =========                 |
   \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
    \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
-    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2018 OpenFOAM Foundation
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2018-2019 OpenFOAM Foundation
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ License
 #include "constantNucleation.H"
 #include "phaseSystem.H"
 #include "addToRunTimeSelectionTable.H"
+#include "mathematicalConstants.H"
 
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Static Data Members * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
@@ -46,6 +47,8 @@ namespace nucleationModels
 }
 }
 
+using Foam::constant::mathematical::pi;
+
 
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Constructors  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
@@ -57,7 +60,7 @@ constantNucleation
 )
 :
     nucleationModel(popBal, dict),
-    d_("departureDiameter", dimLength, dict),
+    dNuc_("nucleationDiameter", dimLength, dict),
     velGroup_
     (
         refCast<const velocityGroup>
@@ -72,31 +75,24 @@ constantNucleation
             ).dPtr()()
         )
     )
-{}
-
-
-// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Member Functions  * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
-
-void Foam::diameterModels::nucleationModels::constantNucleation::correct()
 {
     if
     (
-        d_.value() < velGroup_.sizeGroups().first().d().value()
-     || d_.value() > velGroup_.sizeGroups().last().d().value()
+        dNuc_.value() < velGroup_.sizeGroups().first().dSph().value()
+     || dNuc_.value() > velGroup_.sizeGroups().last().dSph().value()
     )
     {
-        WarningInFunction
-            << "Departure diameter " << d_.value() << " m outside of range ["
-            << velGroup_.sizeGroups().first().d().value() << ", "
-            << velGroup_.sizeGroups().last().d().value() << "] m" << endl
-            << "    The nucleation rate is set to zero." << endl
-            << "    Adjust discretization over property space to suppress this"
-            << " warning."
-            << endl;
+        FatalIOErrorInFunction(dict)
+            << "Nucleation diameter " << dNuc_.value() << "m outside of range ["
+            << velGroup_.sizeGroups().first().dSph().value() << ", "
+            << velGroup_.sizeGroups().last().dSph().value() << "]." << nl
+            << exit(FatalIOError);
     }
 }
 
 
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Member Functions  * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
 void
 Foam::diameterModels::nucleationModels::constantNucleation::addToNucleationRate
 (
@@ -109,7 +105,7 @@ Foam::diameterModels::nucleationModels::constantNucleation::addToNucleationRate
     volScalarField& rho = phase.thermoRef().rho();
 
     nucleationRate +=
-        popBal_.gamma(i, velGroup_.formFactor()*pow3(d_))
+        popBal_.eta(i, pi/6.0*pow3(dNuc_))
        *(popBal_.fluid().fvOptions()(phase, rho)&rho)/rho/fi.x();
 }
 
diff --git a/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/nucleationModels/constantNucleation/constantNucleation.H b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/nucleationModels/constantNucleation/constantNucleation.H
index 71bda37b81..f32049e61e 100644
--- a/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/nucleationModels/constantNucleation/constantNucleation.H
+++ b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/nucleationModels/constantNucleation/constantNucleation.H
@@ -57,8 +57,8 @@ class constantNucleation
 {
     // Private Data
 
-        //- Departure diameter
-        dimensionedScalar d_;
+        //- Nucleation diameter
+        dimensionedScalar dNuc_;
 
         //- Velocity group in which the nucleation occurs
         const velocityGroup& velGroup_;
@@ -85,9 +85,6 @@ public:
 
     // Member Functions
 
-        //- Correct diameter independent expressions
-        virtual void correct();
-
         //- Add to nucleationRate
         virtual void addToNucleationRate
         (
diff --git a/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/nucleationModels/nucleationModel/nucleationModel.C b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/nucleationModels/nucleationModel/nucleationModel.C
index bac76d8a50..cfa5c81527 100644
--- a/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/nucleationModels/nucleationModel/nucleationModel.C
+++ b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/nucleationModels/nucleationModel/nucleationModel.C
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   =========                 |
   \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
    \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
-    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2018 OpenFOAM Foundation
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2018-2019 OpenFOAM Foundation
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
@@ -73,7 +73,8 @@ Foam::diameterModels::nucleationModel::nucleationModel
     const dictionary& dict
 )
 :
-    popBal_(popBal)
+    popBal_(popBal),
+    dict_(dict)
 {}
 
 
diff --git a/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/nucleationModels/nucleationModel/nucleationModel.H b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/nucleationModels/nucleationModel/nucleationModel.H
index 7d8768d117..c6cae959b7 100644
--- a/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/nucleationModels/nucleationModel/nucleationModel.H
+++ b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/nucleationModels/nucleationModel/nucleationModel.H
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   =========                 |
   \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
    \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
-    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2018 OpenFOAM Foundation
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2018-2019 OpenFOAM Foundation
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
@@ -52,11 +52,14 @@ class nucleationModel
 {
 protected:
 
-    // Protected data
+    // Protected Data
 
         //- Reference to the populationBalanceModel
         const populationBalanceModel& popBal_;
 
+        //- Model dictionary
+        const dictionary dict_;
+
 
 public:
 
@@ -139,6 +142,29 @@ public:
             return popBal_;
         }
 
+        //- Return reference to model dictionary
+        const dictionary& dict() const
+        {
+            return dict_;
+        }
+
+        //- Switch which determines, whether the nucleation model introduce mass
+        //  into the domain through the populationBalanceModel class, i.e. pDmdt
+        virtual bool pDmDt() const
+        {
+            return false;
+        };
+
+        //- If the nucleation model uses pDmdt, it has to ensure that the
+        //  relevant phasePair exists in the speciesDmdt-table
+        virtual void registerPair
+        (
+            populationBalanceModel::speciesDmdtTable& speciesDmdt
+        ) const
+        {
+            return;
+        };
+
         //- Correct diameter independent expressions
         virtual void correct();
 
@@ -148,6 +174,18 @@ public:
             volScalarField& nucleationRate,
             const label i
         ) = 0;
+
+        //- If the nucleation model uses pDmdt and is aware of species,
+        //  it should add the corresponding  mass transfer rates
+        //  to the speciesDmdt table.
+        virtual void addToSpeciesDmDt
+        (
+            populationBalanceModel::speciesDmdtTable& speciesDmdt
+        ) const
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
 };
 
 
diff --git a/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/nucleationModels/reactionDriven/reactionDriven.C b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/nucleationModels/reactionDriven/reactionDriven.C
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..76dba971e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/nucleationModels/reactionDriven/reactionDriven.C
@@ -0,0 +1,211 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2019 OpenFOAM Foundation
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "reactionDriven.H"
+#include "phaseSystem.H"
+#include "addToRunTimeSelectionTable.H"
+#include "mathematicalConstants.H"
+#include "fvmDdt.H"
+#include "fvcDdt.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Static Data Members * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+namespace diameterModels
+{
+namespace nucleationModels
+{
+    defineTypeNameAndDebug(reactionDriven, 0);
+    addToRunTimeSelectionTable
+    (
+        nucleationModel,
+        reactionDriven,
+        dictionary
+    );
+}
+}
+}
+
+using Foam::constant::mathematical::pi;
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Constructors  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+Foam::diameterModels::nucleationModels::reactionDriven::
+reactionDriven
+(
+    const populationBalanceModel& popBal,
+    const dictionary& dict
+)
+:
+    nucleationModel(popBal, dict),
+    dNuc_("nucleationDiameter", dimLength, dict),
+    velGroup_
+    (
+        refCast<const velocityGroup>
+        (
+            popBal.mesh().lookupObject<phaseModel>
+            (
+                IOobject::groupName
+                (
+                    "alpha",
+                    dict.lookup("velocityGroup")
+                )
+            ).dPtr()()
+        )
+    ),
+    reactingPhase_
+    (
+        popBal_.mesh().lookupObjectRef<reactingPhaseModel>
+        (
+            IOobject::groupName("alpha", dict.lookup("reactingPhase"))
+        )
+    ),
+    specie_
+    (
+        popBal_.mesh().lookupObjectRef<volScalarField>
+        (
+            IOobject::groupName
+            (
+                word(dict.lookup("specie")),
+                reactingPhase_.name()
+            )
+        )
+    ),
+    nDmdt_
+    (
+        IOobject
+        (
+            "massChange",
+            popBal.time().timeName(),
+            popBal.mesh()
+        ),
+        popBal.mesh(),
+        dimensionedScalar(dimDensity/dimTime, Zero)
+    )
+{
+    if
+    (
+        dNuc_.value() < velGroup_.sizeGroups().first().dSph().value()
+     || dNuc_.value() > velGroup_.sizeGroups().last().dSph().value()
+    )
+    {
+        FatalIOErrorInFunction(dict)
+            << "Nucleation diameter " << dNuc_.value() << "m outside of range ["
+            << velGroup_.sizeGroups().first().dSph().value() << ", "
+            << velGroup_.sizeGroups().last().dSph().value() << "]." << nl
+            << exit(FatalIOError);
+    }
+}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Member Functions  * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+//- Add the corresponding species sources
+void
+Foam::diameterModels::nucleationModels::reactionDriven::registerPair
+(
+    populationBalanceModel::speciesDmdtTable& speciesDmdt
+) const
+{
+    const phasePairKey key
+    (
+        velGroup_.phase().name(),
+        reactingPhase_.name(),
+        false
+    );
+
+    if (!speciesDmdt.found(key))
+    {
+        speciesDmdt.insert(key, new HashPtrTable<volScalarField>());
+    }
+
+    word specieName = IOobject::member(specie_.name());
+
+    if (!speciesDmdt[key]->found(specieName))
+    {
+        speciesDmdt[key]->insert
+        (
+            specieName,
+            new volScalarField
+            (
+                IOobject
+                (
+                    specieName+"NucleationSource",
+                    popBal_.mesh().time().timeName(),
+                    popBal_.mesh(),
+                    IOobject::NO_READ,
+                    IOobject::NO_WRITE,
+                    false
+                ),
+                nDmdt_
+            )
+        );
+    }
+}
+
+
+void Foam::diameterModels::nucleationModels::reactionDriven::correct()
+{
+    nDmdt_ = reactingPhase_*reactingPhase_.R(specie_) & specie_;
+}
+
+
+void
+Foam::diameterModels::nucleationModels::reactionDriven::addToNucleationRate
+(
+    volScalarField& nucleationRate,
+    const label i
+)
+{
+    const sizeGroup& fi = popBal_.sizeGroups()[i];
+    const volScalarField& rho = fi.phase().rho();
+
+    nucleationRate +=
+        popBal_.eta(i, pi/6.0*pow3(dNuc_))*nDmdt_/rho/fi.x();
+}
+
+
+void
+Foam::diameterModels::nucleationModels::reactionDriven::addToSpeciesDmDt
+(
+    populationBalanceModel::speciesDmdtTable& speciesDmdt
+) const
+{
+    const phasePairKey key
+    (
+        velGroup_.phase().name(),
+        reactingPhase_.name(),
+        false
+    );
+
+    word specieName = IOobject::member(specie_.name());
+
+    *(*speciesDmdt[key])[specieName] += nDmdt_;
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/nucleationModels/reactionDriven/reactionDriven.H b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/nucleationModels/reactionDriven/reactionDriven.H
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ae9ef540ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/nucleationModels/reactionDriven/reactionDriven.H
@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2019 OpenFOAM Foundation
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+Class
+    Foam::diameterModels::nucleationModels::constantNucleation
+
+Description
+    Applicable for irreversible reactions only.
+
+SourceFiles
+    constant.C
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef reactionDriven_H
+#define reactionDriven_H
+
+#include "nucleationModel.H"
+#include "rhoReactionThermo.H"
+#include "CombustionModel.H"
+#include "ReactingPhaseModel.H"
+#include "MovingPhaseModel.H"
+#include "ThermoPhaseModel.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+    typedef
+        ReactingPhaseModel
+        <
+            MovingPhaseModel
+            <
+                ThermoPhaseModel<phaseModel, rhoReactionThermo>
+            >,
+            CombustionModel<rhoReactionThermo>
+        >
+        reactingPhaseModel;
+
+namespace diameterModels
+{
+namespace nucleationModels
+{
+
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+                       Class reactionDriven Declaration
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+class reactionDriven
+:
+    public nucleationModel
+{
+    // Private Data
+
+        //- Sphere-eqivalent nucleation diameter
+        dimensionedScalar dNuc_;
+
+        //- Velocity group in which the nucleation occurs
+        const velocityGroup& velGroup_;
+
+        //- Phase in which the reaction occurs
+        const reactingPhaseModel& reactingPhase_;
+
+        //- Product species of the reaction
+        volScalarField& specie_;
+
+        //- Nucleation mass transfer rate
+        volScalarField nDmdt_;
+
+
+public:
+
+    //- Runtime type information
+    TypeName("reactionDriven");
+
+    // Constructor
+
+        reactionDriven
+        (
+            const populationBalanceModel& popBal,
+            const dictionary& dict
+        );
+
+
+    //- Destructor
+    virtual ~reactionDriven()
+    {}
+
+
+    // Member Functions
+
+        //- Switch which determines, whether the nucleation model introduce mass
+        //  into the domain through the populationBalanceModel class, i.e. pDmdt
+        virtual bool pDmDt() const
+        {
+            return true;
+        };
+
+        //- If the nucleation model uses pDmdt, it has to ensure that the
+        //  relevant phasePair exists in the speciesDmdt-table
+        virtual void registerPair
+        (
+            populationBalanceModel::speciesDmdtTable& speciesDmdt
+        ) const;
+
+        //- Correct diameter independent expressions
+        virtual void correct();
+
+        //- Add to nucleationRate
+        virtual void addToNucleationRate
+        (
+            volScalarField& nucleationRate,
+            const label i
+        );
+
+        //- Add the corresponding species sources
+        virtual void addToSpeciesDmDt
+        (
+            populationBalanceModel::speciesDmdtTable& speciesDmdt
+        ) const;
+};
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+} // End namespace nucleationModels
+} // End namespace diameterModels
+} // End namespace Foam
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+#endif
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/nucleationModels/wallBoiling/wallBoiling.C b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/nucleationModels/wallBoiling/wallBoiling.C
index 61ea7a0093..7b1e910f74 100644
--- a/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/nucleationModels/wallBoiling/wallBoiling.C
+++ b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/nucleationModels/wallBoiling/wallBoiling.C
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   =========                 |
   \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
    \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
-    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2018 OpenFOAM Foundation
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2018-2019 OpenFOAM Foundation
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
@@ -108,13 +108,13 @@ void Foam::diameterModels::nucleationModels::wallBoiling::correct()
 
             const scalarField& dDep = alphatw.dDeparture();
 
-            if (min(dDep) < velGroup_.sizeGroups().first().d().value())
+            if (min(dDep) < velGroup_.sizeGroups().first().dSph().value())
             {
                 Warning
                     << "Minimum departure diameter " << min(dDep)
                     << " m outside of range ["
-                    << velGroup_.sizeGroups().first().d().value() << ", "
-                    << velGroup_.sizeGroups().last().d().value() << "] m"
+                    << velGroup_.sizeGroups().first().dSph().value() << ", "
+                    << velGroup_.sizeGroups().last().dSph().value() << "] m"
                     << " at patch " << alphatw.patch().name()
                     << endl
                     << "    The nucleation rate in populationBalance "
@@ -123,13 +123,13 @@ void Foam::diameterModels::nucleationModels::wallBoiling::correct()
                     << " suppress this warning."
                     << endl;
             }
-            else if (max(dDep) > velGroup_.sizeGroups().last().d().value())
+            else if (max(dDep) > velGroup_.sizeGroups().last().dSph().value())
             {
                 Warning
                     << "Maximum departure diameter " << max(dDep)
                     << " m outside of range ["
-                    << velGroup_.sizeGroups().first().d().value() << ", "
-                    << velGroup_.sizeGroups().last().d().value() << "] m"
+                    << velGroup_.sizeGroups().first().dSph().value() << ", "
+                    << velGroup_.sizeGroups().last().dSph().value() << "] m"
                     << " at patch " << alphatw.patch().name()
                     << endl
                     << "    The nucleation rate in populationBalance "
@@ -183,10 +183,10 @@ Foam::diameterModels::nucleationModels::wallBoiling::addToNucleationRate
                     const label faceCelli = faceCells[facei];
 
                     nucleationRate[faceCelli] +=
-                        popBal_.gamma
+                        popBal_.eta
                         (
                             i,
-                            velGroup_.formFactor()*pow3(dDep[facei]*unitLength)
+                            fi.x()/pow3(fi.dSph())*pow3(dDep[facei]*unitLength)
                         ).value()
                        *dmdt[facei]/rho[faceCelli]/fi.x().value();
                 }
diff --git a/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/populationBalanceModel/populationBalanceModel.C b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/populationBalanceModel/populationBalanceModel.C
index be79aa9722..cb9b907c23 100644
--- a/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/populationBalanceModel/populationBalanceModel.C
+++ b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/populationBalanceModel/populationBalanceModel.C
@@ -37,6 +37,18 @@ License
 #include "fvcSup.H"
 #include "fvcDiv.H"
 #include "phaseCompressibleTurbulenceModel.H"
+#include "shapeModel.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Static Data Members * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+namespace diameterModels
+{
+    defineTypeNameAndDebug(populationBalanceModel, 0);
+}
+}
+
 
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * Private Member Functions * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
@@ -212,6 +224,49 @@ void Foam::diameterModels::populationBalanceModel::createPhasePairs()
             }
         }
     }
+
+    forAll(nucleation_, model)
+    {
+        nucleation_[model].registerPair(speciesDmdt_);
+    }
+
+    forAllConstIter
+    (
+        speciesDmdtTable,
+        speciesDmdt_,
+        sDmdtIter
+    )
+    {
+        const phasePairKey& key = sDmdtIter.key();
+
+        if (!phasePairs_.found(key))
+        {
+            const phaseModel& phasei =
+                mesh_.lookupObject<phaseModel>
+                (
+                    IOobject::groupName("alpha", key.first())
+                );
+
+            const phaseModel& phasej =
+                mesh_.lookupObject<phaseModel>
+                (
+                    IOobject::groupName("alpha", key.second())
+                );
+
+            phasePairs_.insert
+            (
+                key,
+                autoPtr<phasePair>
+                (
+                    new phasePair
+                    (
+                        phasei,
+                        phasej
+                    )
+                )
+            );
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 
@@ -263,15 +318,15 @@ birthByCoalescence
     const sizeGroup& fj = sizeGroups_[j];
     const sizeGroup& fk = sizeGroups_[k];
 
-    dimensionedScalar Gamma;
+    dimensionedScalar Eta;
     dimensionedScalar v = fj.x() + fk.x();
 
     for (label i = j; i < sizeGroups_.size(); i++)
     {
         // Calculate fraction for intra-interval events
-        Gamma = gamma(i, v);
+        Eta = eta(i, v);
 
-        if (Gamma.value() == 0) continue;
+        if (Eta.value() == 0) continue;
 
         const sizeGroup& fi = sizeGroups_[i];
 
@@ -279,14 +334,14 @@ birthByCoalescence
         if (j == k)
         {
             Sui_ =
-                0.5*fi.x()*coalescenceRate_()*Gamma
+                0.5*fi.x()*coalescenceRate_()*Eta
                *fj*fj.phase()/fj.x()
                *fk*fk.phase()/fk.x();
         }
         else
         {
             Sui_ =
-                fi.x()*coalescenceRate_()*Gamma
+                fi.x()*coalescenceRate_()*Eta
                *fj*fj.phase()/fj.x()
                *fk*fk.phase()/fk.x();
         }
@@ -324,6 +379,8 @@ birthByCoalescence
 
             pDmdt_[pairik]->ref() += dmdtSign*fk.x()/v*Sui_*fi.phase().rho();
         }
+
+        sizeGroups_[i].shapeModelPtr()->addCoalescence(Sui_, fj, fk);
     }
 }
 
@@ -381,6 +438,8 @@ birthByBreakup
 
             pDmdt_[pair]->ref() += dmdtSign*Sui_*fi.phase().rho();
         }
+
+        sizeGroups_[i].shapeModelPtr()->addBreakup(Sui_, fk);
     }
 }
 
@@ -444,6 +503,8 @@ birthByBinaryBreakup
 
     Su_[i] += Sui_;
 
+    sizeGroups_[i].shapeModelPtr()->addBreakup(Sui_, fj);
+
     const phasePairKey pairij
     (
         fi.phase().name(),
@@ -460,22 +521,22 @@ birthByBinaryBreakup
         pDmdt_[pairij]->ref() += dmdtSign*Sui_*fi.phase().rho();
     }
 
-    dimensionedScalar Gamma;
+    dimensionedScalar Eta;
     dimensionedScalar v = fj.x() - fi.x();
 
     for (label k = 0; k <= j; k++)
     {
         // Calculate fraction for intra-interval events
-        Gamma = gamma(k, v);
+        Eta = eta(k, v);
 
-        if (Gamma.value() == 0) continue;
+        if (Eta.value() == 0) continue;
 
         const sizeGroup& fk = sizeGroups_[k];
 
         volScalarField& Suk = Sui_;
 
         Suk =
-            sizeGroups_[k].x()*binaryBreakupRate_()*delta_[i][j]*Gamma
+            sizeGroups_[k].x()*binaryBreakupRate_()*delta_[i][j]*Eta
            *fj*fj.phase()/fj.x();
 
         Su_[k] += Suk;
@@ -499,6 +560,8 @@ birthByBinaryBreakup
 
             pDmdt_[pairkj]->ref() += dmdtSign*Suk*fi.phase().rho();
         }
+
+        sizeGroups_[i].shapeModelPtr()->addBreakup(Suk, fj);
     }
 }
 
@@ -516,8 +579,14 @@ deathByBinaryBreakup
 }
 
 
-void Foam::diameterModels::populationBalanceModel::drift(const label i)
+void Foam::diameterModels::populationBalanceModel::drift
+(
+    const label i,
+    driftModel& model
+)
 {
+    model.addToDriftRate(driftRate_(), i);
+
     const sizeGroup& fp = sizeGroups_[i];
 
     if (i == 0)
@@ -607,6 +676,8 @@ void Foam::diameterModels::populationBalanceModel::drift(const label i)
 
             pDmdt_[pairij]->ref() -= dmdtSign*Sue*fp.phase().rho();
         }
+
+        sizeGroups_[i+1].shapeModelPtr()->addDrift(Sue, fp, model);
     }
 
     if (i != 0)
@@ -636,13 +707,46 @@ void Foam::diameterModels::populationBalanceModel::drift(const label i)
 
             pDmdt_[pairih]->ref() -= dmdtSign*Suw*fp.phase().rho();
         }
+
+        sizeGroups_[i-1].shapeModelPtr()->addDrift(Suw, fp, model);
     }
 }
 
 
-void Foam::diameterModels::populationBalanceModel::nucleation(const label i)
+void Foam::diameterModels::populationBalanceModel::
+nucleation
+(
+    const label i,
+    nucleationModel& model
+)
 {
-    Su_[i] += sizeGroups_[i].x()*nucleationRate_();
+    const sizeGroup& fi = sizeGroups_[i];
+
+    model.addToNucleationRate(nucleationRate_(), i);
+
+    Sui_ = sizeGroups_[i].x()*nucleationRate_();
+
+    Su_[i] += Sui_;
+
+    const phasePairKey pair
+    (
+        fi.phase().name(),
+        continuousPhase_.name()
+    );
+
+    if (pDmdt_.found(pair) && model.pDmDt())
+    {
+        const scalar dmdtSign
+        (
+            Pair<word>::compare(pDmdt_.find(pair).key(), pair)
+        );
+
+        pDmdt_[pair]->ref() += dmdtSign*Sui_*fi.phase().rho();
+
+        model.addToSpeciesDmDt(speciesDmdt_);
+    }
+
+    sizeGroups_[i].shapeModelPtr()->addNucleation(Sui_, fi, model);
 }
 
 
@@ -650,6 +754,7 @@ void Foam::diameterModels::populationBalanceModel::sources()
 {
     forAll(sizeGroups_, i)
     {
+        sizeGroups_[i].shapeModelPtr()->reset();
         Su_[i] = Zero;
         SuSp_[i] = Zero;
     }
@@ -662,6 +767,19 @@ void Foam::diameterModels::populationBalanceModel::sources()
     )
     {
         pDmdt_(phasePairIter())->ref() = Zero;
+
+        if (speciesDmdt_.found(phasePairIter()))
+        {
+            forAllIter
+            (
+                HashPtrTable<volScalarField>,
+                *speciesDmdt_(phasePairIter()),
+                sDmdtIter
+            )
+            {
+                (sDmdtIter())->ref() = Zero;
+            }
+        }
     }
 
     // Since the calculation of the rates is computationally expensive,
@@ -731,26 +849,20 @@ void Foam::diameterModels::populationBalanceModel::sources()
 
         if (drift_.size() != 0)
         {
-            driftRate_() = Zero;
-
             forAll(drift_, model)
             {
-                drift_[model].addToDriftRate(driftRate_(), i);
+                driftRate_() = Zero;
+                drift(i, drift_[model]);
             }
-
-            drift(i);
         }
 
         if (nucleation_.size() != 0)
         {
-            nucleationRate_() = Zero;
-
             forAll(nucleation_, model)
             {
-                nucleation_[model].addToNucleationRate(nucleationRate_(), i);
+                nucleationRate_() = Zero;
+                nucleation(i, nucleation_[model]);
             }
-
-            nucleation(i);
         }
     }
 }
@@ -1149,7 +1261,7 @@ bool Foam::diameterModels::populationBalanceModel::writeData(Ostream& os) const
 
 
 const Foam::dimensionedScalar
-Foam::diameterModels::populationBalanceModel::gamma
+Foam::diameterModels::populationBalanceModel::eta
 (
     const label i,
     const dimensionedScalar& v
@@ -1165,11 +1277,7 @@ Foam::diameterModels::populationBalanceModel::gamma
 
     if (i != sizeGroups_.size() - 1) upperBoundary = sizeGroups_[i+1].x();
 
-    if (i == 0 && v < x0)
-    {
-        return xi/v;
-    }
-    else if (i == sizeGroups_.size() - 1 && v > xm)
+    if ((i == 0 && v < x0) || (i == sizeGroups_.size() - 1 && v > xm))
     {
         return v/xi;
     }
@@ -1177,6 +1285,10 @@ Foam::diameterModels::populationBalanceModel::gamma
     {
         return 0;
     }
+    else if (v.value() == xi.value())
+    {
+        return 1.0;
+    }
     else if (v > xi)
     {
         return (upperBoundary - v)/(upperBoundary - xi);
@@ -1295,6 +1407,11 @@ void Foam::diameterModels::populationBalanceModel::solve()
 
         if (nCorr > 0)
         {
+            forAll(sizeGroups_, i)
+            {
+                sizeGroups_[i].correct();
+            }
+
             forAll(velocityGroups_, i)
             {
                 velocityGroups_[i].postSolve();
diff --git a/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/populationBalanceModel/populationBalanceModel.H b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/populationBalanceModel/populationBalanceModel.H
index 11ff379c2e..1f07c3adca 100644
--- a/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/populationBalanceModel/populationBalanceModel.H
+++ b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/populationBalanceModel/populationBalanceModel.H
@@ -82,16 +82,16 @@ Usage
         {
             populationBalance    bubbles;
 
-            formFactor      0.5235987756;
+            shapeModel           constant;
 
             sizeGroups
             (
-                f0{d  1.00e-3; value 0;}
-                f1{d  1.08e-3; value 0;}
-                f2{d  1.16e-3; value 0.25;}
-                f3{d  1.25e-3; value 0.5;}
-                f4{d  1.36e-3; value 0.25;}
-                f5{d  1.46e-3; value 0;}
+                f0{dSph  1.00e-3; value 0;}
+                f1{dSph  1.08e-3; value 0;}
+                f2{dSph  1.16e-3; value 0.25;}
+                f3{dSph  1.25e-3; value 0.5;}
+                f4{dSph  1.36e-3; value 0.25;}
+                f5{dSph  1.46e-3; value 0;}
                 ...
             );
         }
@@ -153,6 +153,7 @@ SourceFiles
 #include "phasePair.H"
 #include "pimpleControl.H"
 #include "phaseCompressibleTurbulenceModelFwd.H"
+#include "HashPtrTable.H"
 
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
@@ -178,20 +179,39 @@ class populationBalanceModel
 :
     public regIOobject
 {
+public:
+
+    // Public Typedefs
+
+        typedef HashPtrTable
+        <
+            HashPtrTable<volScalarField>,
+            phasePairKey,
+            phasePairKey::hash
+        >
+        speciesDmdtTable;
+
+
+private:
+
     // Private Typedefs
 
         typedef
             HashTable<autoPtr<phasePair>, phasePairKey, phasePairKey::hash>
             phasePairTable;
 
+        typedef
+            HashPtrTable<volScalarField, phasePairKey, phasePairKey::hash>
+            pDmdtTable;
+
 
     // Private Data
 
         //- Reference to the phaseSystem
         const phaseSystem& fluid_;
 
-        //- Interfacial Mass transfer rate between velocityGroups
-        HashPtrTable<volScalarField, phasePairKey, phasePairKey::hash>& pDmdt_;
+        //- Interfacial mass transfer rates
+        pDmdtTable& pDmdt_;
 
         //- Reference to the mesh
         const fvMesh& mesh_;
@@ -217,6 +237,9 @@ class populationBalanceModel
         //- List of unordered phasePairs in this populationBalance
         phasePairTable phasePairs_;
 
+        //- Table of species dmdt terms involving this pobulationBalance
+        speciesDmdtTable speciesDmdt_;
+
         //- sizeGroup boundaries
         PtrList<dimensionedScalar> v_;
 
@@ -305,9 +328,9 @@ class populationBalanceModel
 
         void deathByBinaryBreakup(const label j, const label i);
 
-        void drift(const label i);
+        void drift(const label i, driftModel& model);
 
-        void nucleation(const label i);
+        void nucleation(const label i, nucleationModel& model);
 
         void sources();
 
@@ -330,8 +353,9 @@ class populationBalanceModel
 
 public:
 
-    friend class sizeGroup;
-    friend class velocityGroup;
+    //- Runtime type information
+    TypeName("populationBalanceModel");
+
 
     // Constructor
 
@@ -408,9 +432,22 @@ public:
         //- Return the sizeGroups belonging to this populationBalance
         inline const UPtrList<sizeGroup>& sizeGroups() const;
 
+        //- Return semi-implicit source terms
+        inline const volScalarField& SuSp(const label i) const;
+
         //- Return list of unordered phasePairs in this populationBalance
         inline const phasePairTable& phasePairs() const;
 
+        //- Return the list of species specific source terms for the given pair
+        inline const HashPtrTable<volScalarField>& speciesDmdt
+        (
+            const phasePairKey& pair
+        ) const;
+
+        //- Returns true if both phases are velocity groups and
+        //  belong to this populationBalance
+        inline bool isVelocityGroupPair(const phasePair& pair) const;
+
         //- Return the sizeGroup boundaries
         inline const PtrList<dimensionedScalar>& v() const;
 
@@ -421,7 +458,7 @@ public:
         inline const volVectorField& U() const;
 
         //- Return allocation coefficient
-        const dimensionedScalar gamma
+        const dimensionedScalar eta
         (
             const label i,
             const dimensionedScalar& v
diff --git a/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/populationBalanceModel/populationBalanceModelI.H b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/populationBalanceModel/populationBalanceModelI.H
index 1de910ecf4..f1d99e88bc 100644
--- a/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/populationBalanceModel/populationBalanceModelI.H
+++ b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/populationBalanceModel/populationBalanceModel/populationBalanceModelI.H
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   =========                 |
   \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
    \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
-    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2017-2018 OpenFOAM Foundation
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2017-2019 OpenFOAM Foundation
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
@@ -84,6 +84,13 @@ Foam::diameterModels::populationBalanceModel::sizeGroups() const
 }
 
 
+inline const Foam::volScalarField&
+Foam::diameterModels::populationBalanceModel::SuSp(const label i) const
+{
+    return SuSp_[i];
+}
+
+
 inline const Foam::diameterModels::populationBalanceModel::phasePairTable&
 Foam::diameterModels::populationBalanceModel::phasePairs() const
 {
@@ -91,6 +98,41 @@ Foam::diameterModels::populationBalanceModel::phasePairs() const
 }
 
 
+inline const Foam::HashPtrTable<Foam::volScalarField>&
+Foam::diameterModels::populationBalanceModel::speciesDmdt
+(
+    const phasePairKey& pair
+) const
+{
+    return *speciesDmdt_[pair];
+}
+
+
+inline bool Foam::diameterModels::populationBalanceModel::isVelocityGroupPair
+(
+    const phasePair& pair
+) const
+{
+    if
+    (
+        isA<velocityGroup>(pair.phase1().dPtr()())
+        &&
+        isA<velocityGroup>(pair.phase2().dPtr()())
+    )
+    {
+        const velocityGroup& velGroup1 =
+            refCast<const velocityGroup>(pair.phase1().dPtr()());
+
+        const velocityGroup& velGroup2 =
+            refCast<const velocityGroup>(pair.phase2().dPtr()());
+
+        return velGroup1.popBalName() == velGroup2.popBalName();
+    }
+
+    return false;
+}
+
+
 inline const Foam::PtrList<Foam::dimensionedScalar>&
 Foam::diameterModels::populationBalanceModel::v() const
 {
diff --git a/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/reactionThermo/hRefConstThermos.C b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/reactionThermo/hRefConstThermos.C
index a8b5d68230..9758c0640d 100644
--- a/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/reactionThermo/hRefConstThermos.C
+++ b/applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/reactionThermo/hRefConstThermos.C
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   =========                 |
   \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
    \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
-    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2015-2018 OpenFOAM Foundation
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2015-2019 OpenFOAM Foundation
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ License
 
 #include "hRefConstThermo.H"
 #include "eRefConstThermo.H"
+#include "janafThermo.H"
 
 #include "constTransport.H"
 
@@ -134,6 +135,19 @@ constTransport
     >
 > constRefRhoConstHThermoPhysics;
 
+typedef
+constTransport
+<
+    species::thermo
+    <
+        janafThermo
+        <
+            rhoConst<specie>
+        >,
+        sensibleInternalEnergy
+    >
+> constJanafRhoConstEThermoPhysics;
+
 
 // pureMixture, sensibleEnthalpy:
 
@@ -242,6 +256,15 @@ makeThermoPhysicsReactionThermos
     constRefRhoConstEThermoPhysics
 );
 
+makeThermoPhysicsReactionThermos
+(
+    rhoThermo,
+    rhoReactionThermo,
+    heRhoThermo,
+    multiComponentMixture,
+    constJanafRhoConstEThermoPhysics
+);
+
 
 // multiComponentMixture, sensibleEnthalpy:
 
diff --git a/bin/tools/RunFunctions b/bin/tools/RunFunctions
index 02c1b174cb..fc1692ebea 100644
--- a/bin/tools/RunFunctions
+++ b/bin/tools/RunFunctions
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 # =========                 |
 # \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
 #  \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
-#   \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011-2018 OpenFOAM Foundation
+#   \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011-2019 OpenFOAM Foundation
 #    \\/     M anipulation  |
 #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # License
@@ -168,31 +168,4 @@ cloneCase()
     fi
 }
 
-transposeFile()
-{
-    awk '
-    {
-        for (i = 1; i <= NF; i++)
-        {
-            a[NR, i] = $i
-        }
-    }
-
-    NF > p {p = NF}
-
-    END {
-            for (j = 1; j <= p; j++)
-            {
-                str = a[1,j]
-
-                for(i = 2; i <= NR; i++)
-                {
-                    str = str" "a[i,j];
-                }
-
-                print str
-            }
-        }' $1
-}
-
 #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/README b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/README
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/README
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/README
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/binaryBreakup/0/T.air1 b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/binaryBreakup/0/T.air1
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/binaryBreakup/0/T.air1
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/binaryBreakup/0/T.air1
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/binaryBreakup/0/T.air2 b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/binaryBreakup/0/T.air2
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/binaryBreakup/0/T.air2
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/binaryBreakup/0/T.air2
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/binaryBreakup/0/T.air3 b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/binaryBreakup/0/T.air3
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/binaryBreakup/0/T.air3
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/binaryBreakup/0/T.air3
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/binaryBreakup/0/T.water b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/binaryBreakup/0/T.water
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/binaryBreakup/0/T.water
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/binaryBreakup/0/T.water
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/binaryBreakup/0/U.air1 b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/binaryBreakup/0/U.air1
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/binaryBreakup/0/U.air1
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/binaryBreakup/0/U.air1
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/binaryBreakup/0/U.air2 b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/binaryBreakup/0/U.air2
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/binaryBreakup/0/U.air2
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/binaryBreakup/0/U.air2
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/binaryBreakup/0/U.air3 b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/binaryBreakup/0/U.air3
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/binaryBreakup/0/U.air3
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/binaryBreakup/0/U.air3
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/binaryBreakup/0/U.water b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/binaryBreakup/0/U.water
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/binaryBreakup/0/U.water
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/binaryBreakup/0/U.water
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/binaryBreakup/0/alpha.air1 b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/binaryBreakup/0/alpha.air1
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/binaryBreakup/0/alpha.air1
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/binaryBreakup/0/alpha.air1
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/binaryBreakup/0/alpha.air2 b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/binaryBreakup/0/alpha.air2
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/binaryBreakup/0/alpha.air2
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/binaryBreakup/0/alpha.air2
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/binaryBreakup/0/alpha.air3 b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/binaryBreakup/0/alpha.air3
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/binaryBreakup/0/alpha.air3
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/binaryBreakup/0/alpha.air3
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/binaryBreakup/0/alpha.water b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/binaryBreakup/0/alpha.water
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/binaryBreakup/0/alpha.water
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/binaryBreakup/0/alpha.water
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/binaryBreakup/0/f.air1.bubbles b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/binaryBreakup/0/f.air1.bubbles
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/binaryBreakup/0/f.air1.bubbles
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/binaryBreakup/0/f.air1.bubbles
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/binaryBreakup/0/f.air2.bubbles b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/binaryBreakup/0/f.air2.bubbles
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/binaryBreakup/0/f.air2.bubbles
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/binaryBreakup/0/f.air2.bubbles
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/binaryBreakup/0/f.air3.bubbles b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/binaryBreakup/0/f.air3.bubbles
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/binaryBreakup/0/f.air3.bubbles
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/binaryBreakup/0/f.air3.bubbles
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/binaryBreakup/0/p b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/binaryBreakup/0/p
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/binaryBreakup/0/p
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/binaryBreakup/0/p
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/binaryBreakup/0/p_rgh b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/binaryBreakup/0/p_rgh
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/binaryBreakup/0/p_rgh
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/binaryBreakup/0/p_rgh
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/binaryBreakup/Allrun b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/binaryBreakup/Allrun
similarity index 63%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/binaryBreakup/Allrun
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/binaryBreakup/Allrun
index 5201cba7fa..10a9274540 100755
--- a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/binaryBreakup/Allrun
+++ b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/binaryBreakup/Allrun
@@ -10,12 +10,6 @@ application=$(getApplication)
 runApplication blockMesh
 runApplication $application
 
-# Get and transpose results
-cp postProcessing/numberDensity/0/numberDensity.dat .
-sed -i -e '1d' -e 's/# /#/g' numberDensity.dat
-transposeFile numberDensity.dat > numberDensity.transposed.dat
-
-# Create plot
 ( cd validation && ./createGraphs )
 
 #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/binaryBreakup/constant/g b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/binaryBreakup/constant/g
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/binaryBreakup/constant/g
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/binaryBreakup/constant/g
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/binaryBreakup/constant/phaseProperties b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/binaryBreakup/constant/phaseProperties
similarity index 57%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/binaryBreakup/constant/phaseProperties
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/binaryBreakup/constant/phaseProperties
index 7153fe62d6..883e06af08 100644
--- a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/binaryBreakup/constant/phaseProperties
+++ b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/binaryBreakup/constant/phaseProperties
@@ -27,32 +27,32 @@ air1
     diameterModel   velocityGroup;
     velocityGroupCoeffs
     {
-        populationBalance    bubbles;
+        populationBalance   bubbles;
 
-        formFactor      1;
+        shapeModel          spherical;
 
         sizeGroups
         (
-            f0 {d  2.2723832645E-02; value 0.0;}
-            f1 {d  2.6012294874E-02; value 0.0;}
-            f2 {d  2.9776644423E-02; value 0.0;}
-            f3 {d  3.4085748967E-02; value 0.0;}
-            f4 {d  3.9018442311E-02; value 0.0;}
-            f5 {d  4.4664966635E-02; value 0.0;}
-            f6 {d  5.1128623451E-02; value 0.0;}
-            f7 {d  5.8527663466E-02; value 0.0;}
-            f8 {d  6.6997449953E-02; value 0.0;}
-            f9 {d  7.6692935176E-02; value 0.0;}
-            f10{d  8.7791495199E-02; value 0.0;}
-            f11{d  1.0049617493E-01; value 0.0;}
-            f12{d  1.1503940276E-01; value 0.0;}
-            f13{d  1.3168724280E-01; value 0.0;}
-            f14{d  1.5074426239E-01; value 0.0;}
-            f15{d  1.7255910415E-01; value 0.0;}
-            f16{d  1.9753086420E-01; value 0.0;}
-            f17{d  2.2611639359E-01; value 0.0;}
-            f18{d  2.5883865622E-01; value 0.0;}
-            f19{d  2.9629629630E-01; value 1.0;}
+            f0 {dSph 2.8193481473E-02; value 0.0;}
+            f1 {dSph 3.2273479789E-02; value 0.0;}
+            f2 {dSph 3.6943911970E-02; value 0.0;}
+            f3 {dSph 4.2290222209E-02; value 0.0;}
+            f4 {dSph 4.8410219684E-02; value 0.0;}
+            f5 {dSph 5.5415867956E-02; value 0.0;}
+            f6 {dSph 6.3435333314E-02; value 0.0;}
+            f7 {dSph 7.2615329525E-02; value 0.0;}
+            f8 {dSph 8.3123801935E-02; value 0.0;}
+            f9 {dSph 9.5152999970E-02; value 0.0;}
+            f10{dSph 1.0892299429E-01; value 0.0;}
+            f11{dSph 1.2468570290E-01; value 0.0;}
+            f12{dSph 1.4272949995E-01; value 0.0;}
+            f13{dSph 1.6338449143E-01; value 0.0;}
+            f14{dSph 1.8702855435E-01; value 0.0;}
+            f15{dSph 2.1409424994E-01; value 0.0;}
+            f16{dSph 2.4507673715E-01; value 0.0;}
+            f17{dSph 2.8054283153E-01; value 0.0;}
+            f18{dSph 3.2114137490E-01; value 0.0;}
+            f19{dSph 3.6761510572E-01; value 1.0;}
         );
     }
 
@@ -65,17 +65,17 @@ air2
     diameterModel   velocityGroup;
     velocityGroupCoeffs
     {
-        populationBalance    bubbles;
+        populationBalance   bubbles;
 
-        formFactor      1;
+        shapeModel          spherical;
 
         sizeGroups
         (
-            f20{d  3.3917459039E-01; value 1.0;}
-            f21{d  3.8825798433E-01; value 0.0;}
-            f22{d  4.4444444444E-01; value 0.0;}
-            f23{d  5.0876188558E-01; value 0.0;}
-            f24{d  5.8238697649E-01; value 0.0;}
+            f20{dSph 4.2081424730E-01; value 1.0;}
+            f21{dSph 4.8171206235E-01; value 0.0;}
+            f22{dSph 5.5142265857E-01; value 0.0;}
+            f23{dSph 6.3122137094E-01; value 0.0;}
+            f24{dSph 7.2256809352E-01; value 0.0;}
         );
     }
 
@@ -88,16 +88,16 @@ air3
     diameterModel   velocityGroup;
     velocityGroupCoeffs
     {
-        populationBalance    bubbles;
+        populationBalance   bubbles;
 
-        formFactor      1;
+        shapeModel          spherical;
 
         sizeGroups
         (
-            f25{d  6.6666666667E-01; value 0.0;}
-            f26{d  7.6314282837E-01; value 0.0;}
-            f27{d  8.7358046474E-01; value 0.0;}
-            f28{d  1.0;              value 1.0;}
+            f25{dSph 8.2713398787E-01; value 0.0;}
+            f26{dSph 9.4683205641E-01; value 0.0;}
+            f27{dSph 1.0838521403E+00; value 0.0;}
+            f28{dSph 1.2407009818E+00; value 1.0;}
         );
     }
 
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/binaryBreakup/constant/thermophysicalProperties.air1 b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/binaryBreakup/constant/thermophysicalProperties.air1
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/binaryBreakup/constant/thermophysicalProperties.air1
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/binaryBreakup/constant/thermophysicalProperties.air1
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/binaryBreakup/constant/thermophysicalProperties.air2 b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/binaryBreakup/constant/thermophysicalProperties.air2
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/binaryBreakup/constant/thermophysicalProperties.air2
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/binaryBreakup/constant/thermophysicalProperties.air2
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/binaryBreakup/constant/thermophysicalProperties.air3 b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/binaryBreakup/constant/thermophysicalProperties.air3
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/binaryBreakup/constant/thermophysicalProperties.air3
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/binaryBreakup/constant/thermophysicalProperties.air3
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/binaryBreakup/constant/thermophysicalProperties.water b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/binaryBreakup/constant/thermophysicalProperties.water
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/binaryBreakup/constant/thermophysicalProperties.water
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/binaryBreakup/constant/thermophysicalProperties.water
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/binaryBreakup/constant/turbulenceProperties.air1 b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/binaryBreakup/constant/turbulenceProperties.air1
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/binaryBreakup/constant/turbulenceProperties.air1
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/binaryBreakup/constant/turbulenceProperties.air1
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/binaryBreakup/constant/turbulenceProperties.air2 b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/binaryBreakup/constant/turbulenceProperties.air2
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/binaryBreakup/constant/turbulenceProperties.air2
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/binaryBreakup/constant/turbulenceProperties.air2
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/binaryBreakup/constant/turbulenceProperties.air3 b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/binaryBreakup/constant/turbulenceProperties.air3
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/binaryBreakup/constant/turbulenceProperties.air3
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/binaryBreakup/constant/turbulenceProperties.air3
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/binaryBreakup/constant/turbulenceProperties.water b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/binaryBreakup/constant/turbulenceProperties.water
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/binaryBreakup/constant/turbulenceProperties.water
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/binaryBreakup/constant/turbulenceProperties.water
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/binaryBreakup/system/blockMeshDict b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/binaryBreakup/system/blockMeshDict
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/binaryBreakup/system/blockMeshDict
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/binaryBreakup/system/blockMeshDict
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/breakup/system/controlDict b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/binaryBreakup/system/controlDict
similarity index 90%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/breakup/system/controlDict
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/binaryBreakup/system/controlDict
index dd7022d875..5a331bb087 100644
--- a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/breakup/system/controlDict
+++ b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/binaryBreakup/system/controlDict
@@ -60,12 +60,11 @@ functions
 
         writeControl        outputTime;
         writeInterval       1;
-        log                 yes;
 
-        functionType        numberDensity;
-        abszissaType        volume;
-        selectionMode       all;
         populationBalance   bubbles;
+        functionType        number;
+        coordinateType      volume;
+        densityFunction     yes;
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/binaryBreakup/system/fvSchemes b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/binaryBreakup/system/fvSchemes
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/binaryBreakup/system/fvSchemes
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/binaryBreakup/system/fvSchemes
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/binaryBreakup/system/fvSolution b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/binaryBreakup/system/fvSolution
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/binaryBreakup/system/fvSolution
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/binaryBreakup/system/fvSolution
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/breakup/validation/createGraphs b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/binaryBreakup/validation/createGraphs
similarity index 76%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/breakup/validation/createGraphs
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/binaryBreakup/validation/createGraphs
index eb78b6504e..726eefb621 100755
--- a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/breakup/validation/createGraphs
+++ b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/binaryBreakup/validation/createGraphs
@@ -27,11 +27,13 @@ gnuplot<<EOF
 
     n(x,t) = N0*exp(-t*x**2.0)*2.0*t*v0
 
+    numberDensity = '../postProcessing/numberDensity/10/numberDensity.dat'
+
     plot '<printf "1 0.05\n1 0\n"' w l t 'Init. Cond.',\
     n(x,10.0) ls 2 lc rgb 'black' t '[Ziff and McGrady, J. Phys. A: Math. Gen., 18: 3027-3037, 1985]',\
-    '../numberDensity.transposed.dat' every ::0::19 u 1:2 w p pt 1 t 'air1',\
-    '../numberDensity.transposed.dat' every ::20::24 u 1:2 w p pt 5 t 'air2',\
-    '../numberDensity.transposed.dat' every ::25::28 u 1:2 w p pt 9 t 'air3'
+    numberDensity every ::0::19 u 1:4 w p pt 1 t 'air1',\
+    numberDensity every ::20::24 u 1:4 w p pt 5 t 'air2',\
+    numberDensity every ::25::28 u 1:4 w p pt 9 t 'air3'
 EOF
 
 #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/breakup/0/T.air1 b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/breakup/0/T.air1
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/breakup/0/T.air1
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/breakup/0/T.air1
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/breakup/0/T.air2 b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/breakup/0/T.air2
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/breakup/0/T.air2
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/breakup/0/T.air2
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/breakup/0/T.air3 b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/breakup/0/T.air3
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/breakup/0/T.air3
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/breakup/0/T.air3
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/breakup/0/T.water b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/breakup/0/T.water
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/breakup/0/T.water
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/breakup/0/T.water
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/breakup/0/U.air1 b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/breakup/0/U.air1
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/breakup/0/U.air1
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/breakup/0/U.air1
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/breakup/0/U.air2 b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/breakup/0/U.air2
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/breakup/0/U.air2
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/breakup/0/U.air2
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/breakup/0/U.air3 b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/breakup/0/U.air3
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/breakup/0/U.air3
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/breakup/0/U.air3
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/breakup/0/U.water b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/breakup/0/U.water
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/breakup/0/U.water
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/breakup/0/U.water
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/breakup/0/alpha.air1 b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/breakup/0/alpha.air1
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/breakup/0/alpha.air1
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/breakup/0/alpha.air1
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/breakup/0/alpha.air2 b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/breakup/0/alpha.air2
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/breakup/0/alpha.air2
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/breakup/0/alpha.air2
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/breakup/0/alpha.air3 b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/breakup/0/alpha.air3
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/breakup/0/alpha.air3
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/breakup/0/alpha.air3
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/breakup/0/alpha.water b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/breakup/0/alpha.water
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/breakup/0/alpha.water
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/breakup/0/alpha.water
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/breakup/0/f.air1.bubbles b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/breakup/0/f.air1.bubbles
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/breakup/0/f.air1.bubbles
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/breakup/0/f.air1.bubbles
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/breakup/0/f.air2.bubbles b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/breakup/0/f.air2.bubbles
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/breakup/0/f.air2.bubbles
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/breakup/0/f.air2.bubbles
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/breakup/0/f.air3.bubbles b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/breakup/0/f.air3.bubbles
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/breakup/0/f.air3.bubbles
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/breakup/0/f.air3.bubbles
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/breakup/0/p b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/breakup/0/p
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/breakup/0/p
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/breakup/0/p
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/breakup/0/p_rgh b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/breakup/0/p_rgh
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/breakup/0/p_rgh
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/breakup/0/p_rgh
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/breakup/Allrun b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/breakup/Allrun
similarity index 63%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/breakup/Allrun
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/breakup/Allrun
index 5201cba7fa..10a9274540 100755
--- a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/breakup/Allrun
+++ b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/breakup/Allrun
@@ -10,12 +10,6 @@ application=$(getApplication)
 runApplication blockMesh
 runApplication $application
 
-# Get and transpose results
-cp postProcessing/numberDensity/0/numberDensity.dat .
-sed -i -e '1d' -e 's/# /#/g' numberDensity.dat
-transposeFile numberDensity.dat > numberDensity.transposed.dat
-
-# Create plot
 ( cd validation && ./createGraphs )
 
 #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/breakup/constant/g b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/breakup/constant/g
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/breakup/constant/g
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/breakup/constant/g
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/breakup/constant/phaseProperties b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/breakup/constant/phaseProperties
similarity index 57%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/breakup/constant/phaseProperties
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/breakup/constant/phaseProperties
index aaf453d0fd..a197c17cb4 100644
--- a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/breakup/constant/phaseProperties
+++ b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/breakup/constant/phaseProperties
@@ -27,32 +27,32 @@ air1
     diameterModel   velocityGroup;
     velocityGroupCoeffs
     {
-        populationBalance    bubbles;
+        populationBalance   bubbles;
 
-        formFactor      1;
+        shapeModel          spherical;
 
         sizeGroups
         (
-            f0 {d  2.2723832645E-02; value 0.0;}
-            f1 {d  2.6012294874E-02; value 0.0;}
-            f2 {d  2.9776644423E-02; value 0.0;}
-            f3 {d  3.4085748967E-02; value 0.0;}
-            f4 {d  3.9018442311E-02; value 0.0;}
-            f5 {d  4.4664966635E-02; value 0.0;}
-            f6 {d  5.1128623451E-02; value 0.0;}
-            f7 {d  5.8527663466E-02; value 0.0;}
-            f8 {d  6.6997449953E-02; value 0.0;}
-            f9 {d  7.6692935176E-02; value 0.0;}
-            f10{d  8.7791495199E-02; value 0.0;}
-            f11{d  1.0049617493E-01; value 0.0;}
-            f12{d  1.1503940276E-01; value 0.0;}
-            f13{d  1.3168724280E-01; value 0.0;}
-            f14{d  1.5074426239E-01; value 0.0;}
-            f15{d  1.7255910415E-01; value 0.0;}
-            f16{d  1.9753086420E-01; value 0.0;}
-            f17{d  2.2611639359E-01; value 0.0;}
-            f18{d  2.5883865622E-01; value 0.0;}
-            f19{d  2.9629629630E-01; value 1.0;}
+            f0 {dSph 2.8193481473E-02; value 0.0;}
+            f1 {dSph 3.2273479789E-02; value 0.0;}
+            f2 {dSph 3.6943911970E-02; value 0.0;}
+            f3 {dSph 4.2290222209E-02; value 0.0;}
+            f4 {dSph 4.8410219684E-02; value 0.0;}
+            f5 {dSph 5.5415867956E-02; value 0.0;}
+            f6 {dSph 6.3435333314E-02; value 0.0;}
+            f7 {dSph 7.2615329525E-02; value 0.0;}
+            f8 {dSph 8.3123801935E-02; value 0.0;}
+            f9 {dSph 9.5152999970E-02; value 0.0;}
+            f10{dSph 1.0892299429E-01; value 0.0;}
+            f11{dSph 1.2468570290E-01; value 0.0;}
+            f12{dSph 1.4272949995E-01; value 0.0;}
+            f13{dSph 1.6338449143E-01; value 0.0;}
+            f14{dSph 1.8702855435E-01; value 0.0;}
+            f15{dSph 2.1409424994E-01; value 0.0;}
+            f16{dSph 2.4507673715E-01; value 0.0;}
+            f17{dSph 2.8054283153E-01; value 0.0;}
+            f18{dSph 3.2114137490E-01; value 0.0;}
+            f19{dSph 3.6761510572E-01; value 1.0;}
         );
     }
 
@@ -65,17 +65,17 @@ air2
     diameterModel   velocityGroup;
     velocityGroupCoeffs
     {
-        populationBalance    bubbles;
+        populationBalance   bubbles;
 
-        formFactor      1;
+        shapeModel          spherical;
 
         sizeGroups
         (
-            f20{d  3.3917459039E-01; value 1.0;}
-            f21{d  3.8825798433E-01; value 0.0;}
-            f22{d  4.4444444444E-01; value 0.0;}
-            f23{d  5.0876188558E-01; value 0.0;}
-            f24{d  5.8238697649E-01; value 0.0;}
+            f20{dSph 4.2081424730E-01; value 1.0;}
+            f21{dSph 4.8171206235E-01; value 0.0;}
+            f22{dSph 5.5142265857E-01; value 0.0;}
+            f23{dSph 6.3122137094E-01; value 0.0;}
+            f24{dSph 7.2256809352E-01; value 0.0;}
         );
     }
 
@@ -88,16 +88,16 @@ air3
     diameterModel   velocityGroup;
     velocityGroupCoeffs
     {
-        populationBalance    bubbles;
+        populationBalance   bubbles;
 
-        formFactor      1;
+        shapeModel          spherical;
 
         sizeGroups
         (
-            f25{d  6.6666666667E-01; value 0.0;}
-            f26{d  7.6314282837E-01; value 0.0;}
-            f27{d  8.7358046474E-01; value 0.0;}
-            f28{d  1.0;              value 1.0;}
+            f25{dSph 8.2713398787E-01; value 0.0;}
+            f26{dSph 9.4683205641E-01; value 0.0;}
+            f27{dSph 1.0838521403E+00; value 0.0;}
+            f28{dSph 1.2407009818E+00; value 1.0;}
         );
     }
 
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/breakup/constant/thermophysicalProperties.air1 b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/breakup/constant/thermophysicalProperties.air1
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/breakup/constant/thermophysicalProperties.air1
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/breakup/constant/thermophysicalProperties.air1
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/breakup/constant/thermophysicalProperties.air2 b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/breakup/constant/thermophysicalProperties.air2
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/breakup/constant/thermophysicalProperties.air2
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/breakup/constant/thermophysicalProperties.air2
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/breakup/constant/thermophysicalProperties.air3 b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/breakup/constant/thermophysicalProperties.air3
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/breakup/constant/thermophysicalProperties.air3
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/breakup/constant/thermophysicalProperties.air3
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/breakup/constant/thermophysicalProperties.water b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/breakup/constant/thermophysicalProperties.water
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/breakup/constant/thermophysicalProperties.water
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/breakup/constant/thermophysicalProperties.water
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/breakup/constant/turbulenceProperties.air1 b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/breakup/constant/turbulenceProperties.air1
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/breakup/constant/turbulenceProperties.air1
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/breakup/constant/turbulenceProperties.air1
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/breakup/constant/turbulenceProperties.air2 b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/breakup/constant/turbulenceProperties.air2
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/breakup/constant/turbulenceProperties.air2
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/breakup/constant/turbulenceProperties.air2
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/breakup/constant/turbulenceProperties.air3 b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/breakup/constant/turbulenceProperties.air3
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/breakup/constant/turbulenceProperties.air3
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/breakup/constant/turbulenceProperties.air3
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/breakup/constant/turbulenceProperties.water b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/breakup/constant/turbulenceProperties.water
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/breakup/constant/turbulenceProperties.water
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/breakup/constant/turbulenceProperties.water
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/breakup/system/blockMeshDict b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/breakup/system/blockMeshDict
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/breakup/system/blockMeshDict
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/breakup/system/blockMeshDict
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/binaryBreakup/system/controlDict b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/breakup/system/controlDict
similarity index 90%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/binaryBreakup/system/controlDict
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/breakup/system/controlDict
index dd7022d875..5a331bb087 100644
--- a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/binaryBreakup/system/controlDict
+++ b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/breakup/system/controlDict
@@ -60,12 +60,11 @@ functions
 
         writeControl        outputTime;
         writeInterval       1;
-        log                 yes;
 
-        functionType        numberDensity;
-        abszissaType        volume;
-        selectionMode       all;
         populationBalance   bubbles;
+        functionType        number;
+        coordinateType      volume;
+        densityFunction     yes;
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/breakup/system/fvSchemes b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/breakup/system/fvSchemes
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/breakup/system/fvSchemes
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/breakup/system/fvSchemes
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/breakup/system/fvSolution b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/breakup/system/fvSolution
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/breakup/system/fvSolution
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/breakup/system/fvSolution
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/binaryBreakup/validation/createGraphs b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/breakup/validation/createGraphs
similarity index 76%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/binaryBreakup/validation/createGraphs
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/breakup/validation/createGraphs
index eb78b6504e..726eefb621 100755
--- a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/binaryBreakup/validation/createGraphs
+++ b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/breakup/validation/createGraphs
@@ -27,11 +27,13 @@ gnuplot<<EOF
 
     n(x,t) = N0*exp(-t*x**2.0)*2.0*t*v0
 
+    numberDensity = '../postProcessing/numberDensity/10/numberDensity.dat'
+
     plot '<printf "1 0.05\n1 0\n"' w l t 'Init. Cond.',\
     n(x,10.0) ls 2 lc rgb 'black' t '[Ziff and McGrady, J. Phys. A: Math. Gen., 18: 3027-3037, 1985]',\
-    '../numberDensity.transposed.dat' every ::0::19 u 1:2 w p pt 1 t 'air1',\
-    '../numberDensity.transposed.dat' every ::20::24 u 1:2 w p pt 5 t 'air2',\
-    '../numberDensity.transposed.dat' every ::25::28 u 1:2 w p pt 9 t 'air3'
+    numberDensity every ::0::19 u 1:4 w p pt 1 t 'air1',\
+    numberDensity every ::20::24 u 1:4 w p pt 5 t 'air2',\
+    numberDensity every ::25::28 u 1:4 w p pt 9 t 'air3'
 EOF
 
 #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/coalescence/0/T.air1 b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/coalescence/0/T.air1
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/coalescence/0/T.air1
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/coalescence/0/T.air1
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/coalescence/0/T.air2 b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/coalescence/0/T.air2
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/coalescence/0/T.air2
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/coalescence/0/T.air2
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/coalescence/0/T.air3 b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/coalescence/0/T.air3
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/coalescence/0/T.air3
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/coalescence/0/T.air3
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/coalescence/0/T.water b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/coalescence/0/T.water
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/coalescence/0/T.water
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/coalescence/0/T.water
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/coalescence/0/U.air1 b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/coalescence/0/U.air1
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/coalescence/0/U.air1
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/coalescence/0/U.air1
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/coalescence/0/U.air2 b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/coalescence/0/U.air2
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/coalescence/0/U.air2
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/coalescence/0/U.air2
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/coalescence/0/U.air3 b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/coalescence/0/U.air3
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/coalescence/0/U.air3
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/coalescence/0/U.air3
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/coalescence/0/U.water b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/coalescence/0/U.water
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/coalescence/0/U.water
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/coalescence/0/U.water
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/coalescence/0/alpha.air1 b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/coalescence/0/alpha.air1
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/coalescence/0/alpha.air1
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/coalescence/0/alpha.air1
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/coalescence/0/alpha.air2 b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/coalescence/0/alpha.air2
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/coalescence/0/alpha.air2
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/coalescence/0/alpha.air2
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/coalescence/0/alpha.air3 b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/coalescence/0/alpha.air3
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/coalescence/0/alpha.air3
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/coalescence/0/alpha.air3
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/coalescence/0/alpha.water b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/coalescence/0/alpha.water
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/coalescence/0/alpha.water
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/coalescence/0/alpha.water
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/coalescence/0/f.air1.bubbles b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/coalescence/0/f.air1.bubbles
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/coalescence/0/f.air1.bubbles
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/coalescence/0/f.air1.bubbles
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/coalescence/0/f.air2.bubbles b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/coalescence/0/f.air2.bubbles
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/coalescence/0/f.air2.bubbles
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/coalescence/0/f.air2.bubbles
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/coalescence/0/f.air3.bubbles b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/coalescence/0/f.air3.bubbles
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/coalescence/0/f.air3.bubbles
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/coalescence/0/f.air3.bubbles
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/coalescence/0/p b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/coalescence/0/p
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/coalescence/0/p
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/coalescence/0/p
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/coalescence/0/p_rgh b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/coalescence/0/p_rgh
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/coalescence/0/p_rgh
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/coalescence/0/p_rgh
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/coalescence/Allrun b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/coalescence/Allrun
similarity index 63%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/coalescence/Allrun
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/coalescence/Allrun
index 5201cba7fa..10a9274540 100755
--- a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/coalescence/Allrun
+++ b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/coalescence/Allrun
@@ -10,12 +10,6 @@ application=$(getApplication)
 runApplication blockMesh
 runApplication $application
 
-# Get and transpose results
-cp postProcessing/numberDensity/0/numberDensity.dat .
-sed -i -e '1d' -e 's/# /#/g' numberDensity.dat
-transposeFile numberDensity.dat > numberDensity.transposed.dat
-
-# Create plot
 ( cd validation && ./createGraphs )
 
 #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/coalescence/constant/g b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/coalescence/constant/g
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/coalescence/constant/g
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/coalescence/constant/g
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/coalescence/constant/phaseProperties b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/coalescence/constant/phaseProperties
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5873430209
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/coalescence/constant/phaseProperties
@@ -0,0 +1,233 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
+    \\  /    A nd           | Version:  dev
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+    version     2.0;
+    format      ascii;
+    class       dictionary;
+    location    "constant";
+    object      phaseProperties;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+type populationBalanceMultiphaseSystem;
+
+phases (air1 air2 air3 water);
+
+populationBalances (bubbles);
+
+air1
+{
+    type            pureIsothermalPhaseModel;
+    diameterModel   velocityGroup;
+    velocityGroupCoeffs
+    {
+        populationBalance   bubbles;
+
+        shapeModel          spherical;
+
+        sizeGroups
+        (
+            f0 {dSph 2.6472201610E-02; value 5.0000000000E-10;}
+            f1 {dSph 2.8516314790E-02; value 2.0000000000E-10;}
+            f2 {dSph 3.0718268709E-02; value 4.0000000000E-10;}
+            f3 {dSph 3.3090252012E-02; value 8.0000000000E-10;}
+            f4 {dSph 3.5645392557E-02; value 1.5000000000E-09;}
+            f5 {dSph 3.8397835576E-02; value 2.9000000000E-09;}
+            f6 {dSph 4.1362814395E-02; value 5.7000000000E-09;}
+            f7 {dSph 4.4556741007E-02; value 1.1000000000E-08;}
+            f8 {dSph 4.7997294160E-02; value 2.1500000000E-08;}
+            f9 {dSph 5.1703518614E-02; value 4.2000000000E-08;}
+            f10{dSph 5.5695926879E-02; value 8.1900000000E-08;}
+            f11{dSph 5.9996618320E-02; value 1.5950000000E-07;}
+            f12{dSph 6.4629397027E-02; value 3.1070000000E-07;}
+            f13{dSph 6.9619908288E-02; value 6.0460000000E-07;}
+            f14{dSph 7.4995772590E-02; value 1.1757000000E-06;}
+            f15{dSph 8.0786746904E-02; value 2.2836000000E-06;}
+            f16{dSph 8.7024884740E-02; value 4.4295000000E-06;}
+            f17{dSph 9.3744716047E-02; value 8.5770000000E-06;}
+            f18{dSph 1.0098343332E-01; value 1.6572400000E-05;}
+            f19{dSph 1.0878110624E-01; value 3.1934500000E-05;}
+            f20{dSph 1.1718089506E-01; value 6.1329900000E-05;}
+            f21{dSph 1.2622929258E-01; value 1.1728840000E-04;}
+            f22{dSph 1.3597638341E-01; value 2.2312640000E-04;}
+            f23{dSph 1.4647611820E-01; value 4.2168510000E-04;}
+            f24{dSph 1.5778661510E-01; value 7.9041010000E-04;}
+            f25{dSph 1.6997047865E-01; value 1.4663924000E-03;}
+            f26{dSph 1.8309514838E-01; value 2.6857456000E-03;}
+            f27{dSph 1.9723326857E-01; value 4.8406166000E-03;}
+            f28{dSph 2.1246309893E-01; value 8.5509222000E-03;}
+            f29{dSph 2.2886893516E-01; value 1.4730611700E-02;}
+            f30{dSph 2.4654158664E-01; value 2.4592238100E-02;}
+            f31{dSph 2.6557887273E-01; value 3.9476363300E-02;}
+            f32{dSph 2.8608616864E-01; value 6.0336272800E-02;}
+            f33{dSph 3.0817698237E-01; value 8.6735651800E-02;}
+            f34{dSph 3.3197359122E-01; value 1.1548859450E-01;}
+            f35{dSph 3.5760771049E-01; value 1.3972798580E-01;}
+            f36{dSph 3.8522122921E-01; value 1.4997928090E-01;}
+            f37{dSph 4.1496698934E-01; value 1.3860649860E-01;}
+            f38{dSph 4.4700963811E-01; value 1.0624083860E-01;}
+            f39{dSph 4.8152653620E-01; value 6.4453106200E-02;}
+            f40{dSph 5.1870873668E-01; value 2.9191189700E-02;}
+            f41{dSph 5.5876204826E-01; value 9.1744326000E-03;}
+            f42{dSph 6.0190816932E-01; value 1.8262321000E-03;}
+            f43{dSph 6.4838592116E-01; value 2.0539720000E-04;}
+            f44{dSph 6.9845255939E-01; value 1.1316400000E-05;}
+            f45{dSph 7.5238521196E-01; value 2.5550000000E-07;}
+            f46{dSph 8.1048240020E-01; value 1.9000000000E-09;}
+
+        );
+    }
+
+    residualAlpha   1e-6;
+}
+
+air2
+{
+    type            pureIsothermalPhaseModel;
+    diameterModel   velocityGroup;
+    velocityGroupCoeffs
+    {
+        populationBalance   bubbles;
+
+        shapeModel          spherical;
+
+        sizeGroups
+        (
+            f47{dSph 8.7306570017E-01; value 1.0000000000E+00;}
+            f48{dSph 9.4048151557E-01; value 0.0000000000E+00;}
+            f49{dSph 1.0131030009E+00; value 0.0000000000E+00;}
+            f50{dSph 1.0913321246E+00; value 0.0000000000E+00;}
+            f51{dSph 1.1756018938E+00; value 0.0000000000E+00;}
+            f52{dSph 1.2663787514E+00; value 0.0000000000E+00;}
+            f53{dSph 1.3641651564E+00; value 0.0000000000E+00;}
+            f54{dSph 1.4695023670E+00; value 0.0000000000E+00;}
+            f55{dSph 1.5829734383E+00; value 0.0000000000E+00;}
+        );
+    }
+
+    residualAlpha   1e-6;
+}
+
+air3
+{
+    type            pureIsothermalPhaseModel;
+    diameterModel   velocityGroup;
+    velocityGroupCoeffs
+    {
+        populationBalance   bubbles;
+
+        shapeModel          spherical;
+
+        sizeGroups
+        (
+            f56{dSph 1.7052064454E+00; value 1.0000000000E+00;}
+            f57{dSph 1.8368779600E+00; value 0.0000000000E+00;}
+            f58{dSph 1.9787167982E+00; value 0.0000000000E+00;}
+            f59{dSph 2.1315080559E+00; value 0.0000000000E+00;}
+            f60{dSph 2.2960974494E+00; value 0.0000000000E+00;}
+            f61{dSph 2.4733959981E+00; value 0.0000000000E+00;}
+            f62{dSph 2.6643850705E+00; value 0.0000000000E+00;}
+            f63{dSph 2.8701218120E+00; value 0.0000000000E+00;}
+            f64{dSph 3.0917449976E+00; value 0.0000000000E+00;}
+            f65{dSph 3.3304813381E+00; value 0.0000000000E+00;}
+            f66{dSph 3.5876522644E+00; value 0.0000000000E+00;}
+            f67{dSph 3.8646812476E+00; value 0.0000000000E+00;}
+            f68{dSph 4.1631016726E+00; value 0.0000000000E+00;}
+            f69{dSph 4.4845653305E+00; value 0.0000000000E+00;}
+            f70{dSph 4.8308515589E+00; value 0.0000000000E+00;}
+        );
+    }
+
+    residualAlpha   1e-6;
+}
+
+water
+{
+    type            pureIsothermalPhaseModel;
+    diameterModel   constant;
+    constantCoeffs
+    {
+        d               1e-4;
+    }
+
+    residualAlpha   1e-6;
+}
+
+populationBalanceCoeffs
+{
+    bubbles
+    {
+        continuousPhase water;
+
+        coalescenceModels
+        (
+            constant
+            {
+                rate 1.0;
+            }
+        );
+
+        binaryBreakupModels
+        ();
+
+        breakupModels
+        ();
+
+        driftModels
+        ();
+
+        nucleationModels
+        ();
+    }
+}
+
+blending
+{
+    default
+    {
+        type            none;
+        continuousPhase water;
+    }
+}
+
+surfaceTension
+();
+
+interfaceCompression
+();
+
+aspectRatio
+();
+
+drag
+();
+
+virtualMass
+();
+
+heatTransfer
+();
+
+phaseTransfer
+();
+
+lift
+();
+
+wallLubrication
+();
+
+turbulentDispersion
+();
+
+// Minimum allowable pressure
+pMin            10000;
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/coalescence/constant/thermophysicalProperties.air1 b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/coalescence/constant/thermophysicalProperties.air1
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/coalescence/constant/thermophysicalProperties.air1
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/coalescence/constant/thermophysicalProperties.air1
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/coalescence/constant/thermophysicalProperties.air2 b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/coalescence/constant/thermophysicalProperties.air2
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/coalescence/constant/thermophysicalProperties.air2
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/coalescence/constant/thermophysicalProperties.air2
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/coalescence/constant/thermophysicalProperties.air3 b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/coalescence/constant/thermophysicalProperties.air3
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/coalescence/constant/thermophysicalProperties.air3
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/coalescence/constant/thermophysicalProperties.air3
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/coalescence/constant/thermophysicalProperties.water b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/coalescence/constant/thermophysicalProperties.water
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/coalescence/constant/thermophysicalProperties.water
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/coalescence/constant/thermophysicalProperties.water
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/coalescence/constant/turbulenceProperties.air1 b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/coalescence/constant/turbulenceProperties.air1
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/coalescence/constant/turbulenceProperties.air1
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/coalescence/constant/turbulenceProperties.air1
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/coalescence/constant/turbulenceProperties.air2 b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/coalescence/constant/turbulenceProperties.air2
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/coalescence/constant/turbulenceProperties.air2
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/coalescence/constant/turbulenceProperties.air2
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/coalescence/constant/turbulenceProperties.air3 b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/coalescence/constant/turbulenceProperties.air3
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/coalescence/constant/turbulenceProperties.air3
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/coalescence/constant/turbulenceProperties.air3
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/coalescence/constant/turbulenceProperties.water b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/coalescence/constant/turbulenceProperties.water
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/coalescence/constant/turbulenceProperties.water
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/coalescence/constant/turbulenceProperties.water
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/coalescence/system/blockMeshDict b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/coalescence/system/blockMeshDict
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/coalescence/system/blockMeshDict
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/coalescence/system/blockMeshDict
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/coalescence/system/controlDict b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/coalescence/system/controlDict
similarity index 90%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/coalescence/system/controlDict
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/coalescence/system/controlDict
index 028b504bf2..e38f5900a3 100644
--- a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/coalescence/system/controlDict
+++ b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/coalescence/system/controlDict
@@ -60,12 +60,11 @@ functions
 
         writeControl        outputTime;
         writeInterval       1;
-        log                 yes;
 
-        functionType        numberDensity;
-        abszissaType        volume;
-        selectionMode       all;
         populationBalance   bubbles;
+        functionType        number;
+        coordinateType      volume;
+        densityFunction     yes;
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/coalescence/system/fvSchemes b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/coalescence/system/fvSchemes
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/coalescence/system/fvSchemes
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/coalescence/system/fvSchemes
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/coalescence/system/fvSolution b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/coalescence/system/fvSolution
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/coalescence/system/fvSolution
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/coalescence/system/fvSolution
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/coalescence/validation/createGraphs b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/coalescence/validation/createGraphs
similarity index 83%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/coalescence/validation/createGraphs
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/coalescence/validation/createGraphs
index a8290721d9..9eb0c9e7c6 100755
--- a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/coalescence/validation/createGraphs
+++ b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/coalescence/validation/createGraphs
@@ -47,11 +47,13 @@ gnuplot<<EOF
     # Number density at time t
     n(x,t) = (N0/v0)*phi(x,t)
 
+    numberDensity = '../postProcessing/numberDensity/10/numberDensity.dat'
+
     plot n0(x) ls -1 t 'Initial Condition',\
     n(x,10.0) ls 2 lc rgb 'black' t '[Scott, J. Atmos. Sci., 25: 54-65, 1968]',\
-    '../numberDensity.transposed.dat' every ::0::46 u 1:2 w p pt 1 t 'air1',\
-    '../numberDensity.transposed.dat' every ::47::55 u 1:2 w p pt 5 t 'air2',\
-    '../numberDensity.transposed.dat' every ::56::70 u 1:2 w p pt 9 t 'air3'
+    numberDensity every ::0::46 u 1:4 w p pt 1 t 'air1',\
+    numberDensity every ::47::55 u 1:4 w p pt 5 t 'air2',\
+    numberDensity every ::56::70 u 1:4 w p pt 9 t 'air3'
 EOF
 
 #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/0/T.air1 b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/0/T.air1
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/0/T.air1
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/0/T.air1
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/0/T.air2 b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/0/T.air2
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/0/T.air2
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/0/T.air2
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/0/T.air3 b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/0/T.air3
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/0/T.air3
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/0/T.air3
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/0/T.water b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/0/T.water
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/0/T.water
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/0/T.water
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/0/U.air1 b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/0/U.air1
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/0/U.air1
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/0/U.air1
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/0/U.air2 b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/0/U.air2
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/0/U.air2
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/0/U.air2
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/0/U.air3 b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/0/U.air3
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/0/U.air3
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/0/U.air3
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/0/U.water b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/0/U.water
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/0/U.water
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/0/U.water
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/0/alpha.air1 b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/0/alpha.air1
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/0/alpha.air1
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/0/alpha.air1
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/0/alpha.air2 b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/0/alpha.air2
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/0/alpha.air2
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/0/alpha.air2
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/0/alpha.air3 b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/0/alpha.air3
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/0/alpha.air3
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/0/alpha.air3
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/0/alpha.water b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/0/alpha.water
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/0/alpha.water
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/0/alpha.water
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/0/f.air1.bubbles b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/0/f.air1.bubbles
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/0/f.air1.bubbles
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/0/f.air1.bubbles
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/0/f.air2.bubbles b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/0/f.air2.bubbles
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/0/f.air2.bubbles
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/0/f.air2.bubbles
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/0/f.air3.bubbles b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/0/f.air3.bubbles
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/0/f.air3.bubbles
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/0/f.air3.bubbles
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/0/p b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/0/p
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/0/p
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/0/p
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/0/p_rgh b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/0/p_rgh
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/0/p_rgh
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/0/p_rgh
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/drift/Allrun b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/Allrun
similarity index 63%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/drift/Allrun
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/Allrun
index 5201cba7fa..10a9274540 100755
--- a/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/drift/Allrun
+++ b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/Allrun
@@ -10,12 +10,6 @@ application=$(getApplication)
 runApplication blockMesh
 runApplication $application
 
-# Get and transpose results
-cp postProcessing/numberDensity/0/numberDensity.dat .
-sed -i -e '1d' -e 's/# /#/g' numberDensity.dat
-transposeFile numberDensity.dat > numberDensity.transposed.dat
-
-# Create plot
 ( cd validation && ./createGraphs )
 
 #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/constant/g b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/constant/g
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/constant/g
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/constant/g
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/constant/phaseProperties b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/constant/phaseProperties
similarity index 57%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/constant/phaseProperties
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/constant/phaseProperties
index 43ed5dfad4..b1179921a4 100644
--- a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/constant/phaseProperties
+++ b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/constant/phaseProperties
@@ -27,25 +27,25 @@ air1
     diameterModel   velocityGroup;
     velocityGroupCoeffs
     {
-        populationBalance    bubbles;
+        populationBalance   bubbles;
 
-        formFactor      1;
+        shapeModel          spherical;
 
         sizeGroups
         (
-            f0 {d  1;           value 1.0;}
-            f1 {d  1.080059739; value 0.0;}
-            f2 {d  1.16652904;  value 0.0;}
-            f3 {d  1.25992105;  value 0.0;}
-            f4 {d  1.36079;     value 0.0;}
-            f5 {d  1.469734492; value 0.0;}
-            f6 {d  1.587401052; value 0.0;}
-            f7 {d  1.714487966; value 0.0;}
-            f8 {d  1.851749425; value 0.0;}
-            f9 {d  2;           value 0.0;}
-            f10{d  2.160119478; value 0.0;}
-            f11{d  2.333058079; value 0.0;}
-            f12{d  2.5198421;   value 0.0;}
+           f0 {dSph 1.2407009818E+00; value 1.0;}
+           f1 {dSph 1.3400311786E+00; value 0.0;}
+           f2 {dSph 1.4473137252E+00; value 0.0;}
+           f3 {dSph 1.5631852837E+00; value 0.0;}
+           f4 {dSph 1.6883334890E+00; value 0.0;}
+           f5 {dSph 1.8235010272E+00; value 0.0;}
+           f6 {dSph 1.9694900437E+00; value 0.0;}
+           f7 {dSph 2.1271669027E+00; value 0.0;}
+           f8 {dSph 2.2974673296E+00; value 0.0;}
+           f9 {dSph 2.4814019636E+00; value 0.0;}
+           f10{dSph 2.6800623572E+00; value 0.0;}
+           f11{dSph 2.8946274492E+00; value 0.0;}
+           f12{dSph 3.1263705674E+00; value 0.0;}
         );
     }
 
@@ -58,22 +58,22 @@ air2
     diameterModel   velocityGroup;
     velocityGroupCoeffs
     {
-        populationBalance    bubbles;
+        populationBalance   bubbles;
 
-        formFactor      1;
+        shapeModel          spherical;
 
         sizeGroups
         (
-            f13{d  2.72158;     value 1.0;}
-            f14{d  2.939468985; value 0.0;}
-            f15{d  3.174802104; value 0.0;}
-            f16{d  3.428975931; value 0.0;}
-            f17{d  3.703498849; value 0.0;}
-            f18{d  4;           value 0.0;}
-            f19{d  4.320238956; value 0.0;}
-            f20{d  4.666116158; value 0.0;}
-            f21{d  5.0396842;   value 0.0;}
-            f22{d  5.443160001; value 0.0;}
+           f13{dSph 3.3766669780E+00; value 1.0;}
+           f14{dSph 3.6470020557E+00; value 0.0;}
+           f15{dSph 3.9389800874E+00; value 0.0;}
+           f16{dSph 4.2543338042E+00; value 0.0;}
+           f17{dSph 4.5949346580E+00; value 0.0;}
+           f18{dSph 4.9628039272E+00; value 0.0;}
+           f19{dSph 5.3601247143E+00; value 0.0;}
+           f20{dSph 5.7892548984E+00; value 0.0;}
+           f21{dSph 6.2527411349E+00; value 0.0;}
+           f22{dSph 6.7533339573E+00; value 0.0;}
         );
     }
 
@@ -86,20 +86,20 @@ air3
     diameterModel   velocityGroup;
     velocityGroupCoeffs
     {
-        populationBalance    bubbles;
+        populationBalance   bubbles;
 
-        formFactor      1;
+        shapeModel          spherical;
 
         sizeGroups
         (
-            f23{d  5.878937969; value 1.0;}
-            f24{d  6.349604208; value 0.0;}
-            f25{d  6.857951863; value 0.0;}
-            f26{d  7.406997698; value 0.0;}
-            f27{d  8;           value 0.0;}
-            f28{d  8.640477911; value 0.0;}
-            f29{d  9.332232317; value 0.0;}
-            f30{d  10.0793684 ; value 0.0;}
+           f23{dSph 7.2940041101E+00; value 1.0;}
+           f24{dSph 7.8779601749E+00; value 0.0;}
+           f25{dSph 8.5086676096E+00; value 0.0;}
+           f26{dSph 9.1898693161E+00; value 0.0;}
+           f27{dSph 9.9256078544E+00; value 0.0;}
+           f28{dSph 1.0720249427E+01; value 0.0;}
+           f29{dSph 1.1578509798E+01; value 0.0;}
+           f30{dSph 1.2505482270E+01; value 0.0;}
         );
     }
 
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/constant/thermophysicalProperties.air1 b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/constant/thermophysicalProperties.air1
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/constant/thermophysicalProperties.air1
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/constant/thermophysicalProperties.air1
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/constant/thermophysicalProperties.air2 b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/constant/thermophysicalProperties.air2
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/constant/thermophysicalProperties.air2
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/constant/thermophysicalProperties.air2
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/constant/thermophysicalProperties.air3 b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/constant/thermophysicalProperties.air3
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/constant/thermophysicalProperties.air3
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/constant/thermophysicalProperties.air3
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/constant/thermophysicalProperties.water b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/constant/thermophysicalProperties.water
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/constant/thermophysicalProperties.water
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/constant/thermophysicalProperties.water
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/constant/turbulenceProperties.air1 b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/constant/turbulenceProperties.air1
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/constant/turbulenceProperties.air1
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/constant/turbulenceProperties.air1
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/constant/turbulenceProperties.air2 b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/constant/turbulenceProperties.air2
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/constant/turbulenceProperties.air2
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/constant/turbulenceProperties.air2
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/constant/turbulenceProperties.air3 b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/constant/turbulenceProperties.air3
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/constant/turbulenceProperties.air3
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/constant/turbulenceProperties.air3
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/constant/turbulenceProperties.water b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/constant/turbulenceProperties.water
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/constant/turbulenceProperties.water
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/constant/turbulenceProperties.water
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/system/blockMeshDict b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/system/blockMeshDict
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/system/blockMeshDict
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/system/blockMeshDict
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/system/controlDict b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/system/controlDict
similarity index 82%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/system/controlDict
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/system/controlDict
index 9373f66bf1..96842c2602 100644
--- a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/system/controlDict
+++ b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/system/controlDict
@@ -60,13 +60,12 @@ functions
 
         writeControl        outputTime;
         writeInterval       1;
-        log                 yes;
 
-        functionType        numberDensity;
-        abszissaType        diameter;
-        selectionMode       all;
         populationBalance   bubbles;
-        normalize           true;
+        functionType        number;
+        coordinateType      diameter;
+        normalize           yes;
+        densityFunction     yes;
     }
 
     volumeDensity
@@ -76,13 +75,12 @@ functions
 
         writeControl        outputTime;
         writeInterval       1;
-        log                 yes;
 
-        functionType        volumeDensity;
-        abszissaType        diameter;
-        selectionMode       all;
         populationBalance   bubbles;
-        normalize           true;
+        functionType        volume;
+        coordinateType      diameter;
+        normalize           yes;
+        densityFunction     yes;
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/system/fvSchemes b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/system/fvSchemes
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/system/fvSchemes
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/system/fvSchemes
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/system/fvSolution b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/system/fvSolution
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/system/fvSolution
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/system/fvSolution
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/validation/createGraphs b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/validation/createGraphs
similarity index 65%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/validation/createGraphs
rename to test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/validation/createGraphs
index aeff07a890..41104b40f0 100755
--- a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/validation/createGraphs
+++ b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/validation/createGraphs
@@ -14,22 +14,26 @@ gnuplot<<EOF
     set format x '%g'
     set format y '%.1f'
     set xtics 1 mirror
-    set xlabel 'd(m)'
+    set xlabel 'd (m)'
     set ytics 0.1 mirror
     set ylabel 'Probability density function (m^{-3})'
 
     set xrange [1:10]
-    set yrange [0:0.4]
-    set key below
+    set yrange [0:0.5]
+
+    numberDensity = '../postProcessing/numberDensity/10/numberDensity.dat'
+    volumeDensity = '../postProcessing/volumeDensity/10/volumeDensity.dat'
+
+    kVConversion = (6/pi)**(1./3.)
 
     plot '-' w l t 'Number density, [Vanni, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 221: 143-160, 2000]',\
     '-' w l t 'Volume density, [Vanni, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 221: 143-160, 2000]',\
-    '../numberDensity.transposed.dat' every ::0::12 u 1:2 w p pt 1 t 'Number density, air1',\
-    '../numberDensity.transposed.dat' every ::13::22 u 1:2 w p pt 5 t 'Number density, air2',\
-    '../numberDensity.transposed.dat' every ::23::30 u 1:2 w p pt 9 t 'Number density, air3',\
-    '../volumeDensity.transposed.dat' every ::0::12 u 1:2 w p pt 2 t 'Volume density, air1',\
-    '../volumeDensity.transposed.dat' every ::13::22 u 1:2 w p pt 6 t 'Volume density, air2',\
-    '../volumeDensity.transposed.dat' every ::23::30 u 1:2 w p pt 10 t 'Volume density, air3'
+    numberDensity every ::0::12 u (\$3/kVConversion):(\$4*kVConversion) w p pt 1 t 'Number density, air1',\
+    numberDensity every ::13::22 u (\$3/kVConversion):(\$4*kVConversion) w p pt 5 t 'Number density, air2',\
+    numberDensity every ::23::30 u (\$3/kVConversion):(\$4*kVConversion) w p pt 9 t 'Number density, air3',\
+    volumeDensity every ::0::12 u (\$3/kVConversion):(\$4*kVConversion) w p pt 2 t 'Volume density, air1',\
+    volumeDensity every ::13::22 u (\$3/kVConversion):(\$4*kVConversion) w p pt 6 t 'Volume density, air2',\
+    volumeDensity every ::23::30 u (\$3/kVConversion):(\$4*kVConversion) w p pt 10 t 'Volume density, air3'
     1.000   0.042
     1.460   0.062
     1.950   0.083
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/coalescence/constant/phaseProperties b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/coalescence/constant/phaseProperties
deleted file mode 100644
index fbc2ab70bc..0000000000
--- a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/coalescence/constant/phaseProperties
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,232 +0,0 @@
-/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
-  =========                 |
-  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
-   \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
-    \\  /    A nd           | Version:  dev
-     \\/     M anipulation  |
-\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-FoamFile
-{
-    version     2.0;
-    format      ascii;
-    class       dictionary;
-    location    "constant";
-    object      phaseProperties;
-}
-// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
-
-type populationBalanceMultiphaseSystem;
-
-phases (air1 air2 air3 water);
-
-populationBalances (bubbles);
-
-air1
-{
-    type            pureIsothermalPhaseModel;
-    diameterModel   velocityGroup;
-    velocityGroupCoeffs
-    {
-        populationBalance    bubbles;
-
-        formFactor      1;
-
-        sizeGroups
-        (
-            f0  {d  0.021336488 ; value 0.0000000005    ;}
-            f1  {d  0.022984035 ; value 0.0000000002    ;}
-            f2  {d  0.024758801 ; value 0.0000000004    ;}
-            f3  {d  0.02667061  ; value 0.0000000008    ;}
-            f4  {d  0.028730043 ; value 0.0000000015    ;}
-            f5  {d  0.030948501 ; value 0.0000000029    ;}
-            f6  {d  0.033338262 ; value 0.0000000057    ;}
-            f7  {d  0.035912554 ; value 0.0000000110    ;}
-            f8  {d  0.038685626 ; value 0.0000000215    ;}
-            f9  {d  0.041672828 ; value 0.0000000420    ;}
-            f10 {d  0.044890693 ; value 0.0000000819    ;}
-            f11 {d  0.048357033 ; value 0.0000001595    ;}
-            f12 {d  0.052091034 ; value 0.0000003107    ;}
-            f13 {d  0.056113366 ; value 0.0000006046    ;}
-            f14 {d  0.060446291 ; value 0.0000011757    ;}
-            f15 {d  0.065113793 ; value 0.0000022836    ;}
-            f16 {d  0.070141707 ; value 0.0000044295    ;}
-            f17 {d  0.075557864 ; value 0.0000085770    ;}
-            f18 {d  0.081392241 ; value 0.0000165724    ;}
-            f19 {d  0.087677134 ; value 0.0000319345    ;}
-            f20 {d  0.09444733  ; value 0.0000613299    ;}
-            f21 {d  0.101740302 ; value 0.0001172884    ;}
-            f22 {d  0.109596418 ; value 0.0002231264    ;}
-            f23 {d  0.118059162 ; value 0.0004216851    ;}
-            f24 {d  0.127175377 ; value 0.0007904101    ;}
-            f25 {d  0.136995522 ; value 0.0014663924    ;}
-            f26 {d  0.147573953 ; value 0.0026857456    ;}
-            f27 {d  0.158969221 ; value 0.0048406166    ;}
-            f28 {d  0.171244403 ; value 0.0085509222    ;}
-            f29 {d  0.184467441 ; value 0.0147306117    ;}
-            f30 {d  0.198711527 ; value 0.0245922381    ;}
-            f31 {d  0.214055503 ; value 0.0394763633    ;}
-            f32 {d  0.230584301 ; value 0.0603362728    ;}
-            f33 {d  0.248389408 ; value 0.0867356518    ;}
-            f34 {d  0.267569379 ; value 0.1154885945    ;}
-            f35 {d  0.288230376 ; value 0.1397279858    ;}
-            f36 {d  0.310486761 ; value 0.1499792809    ;}
-            f37 {d  0.334461724 ; value 0.1386064986    ;}
-            f38 {d  0.36028797  ; value 0.1062408386    ;}
-            f39 {d  0.388108451 ; value 0.0644531062    ;}
-            f40 {d  0.418077155 ; value 0.0291911897    ;}
-            f41 {d  0.450359963 ; value 0.0091744326    ;}
-            f42 {d  0.485135563 ; value 0.0018262321    ;}
-            f43 {d  0.522596444 ; value 0.0002053972    ;}
-            f44 {d  0.562949953 ; value 0.0000113164    ;}
-            f45 {d  0.606419454 ; value 0.0000002555    ;}
-            f46 {d  0.653245554 ; value 0.0000000019    ;}
-        );
-    }
-
-    residualAlpha   1e-6;
-}
-
-air2
-{
-    type            pureIsothermalPhaseModel;
-    diameterModel   velocityGroup;
-    velocityGroupCoeffs
-    {
-        populationBalance    bubbles;
-
-        formFactor      1;
-
-        sizeGroups
-        (
-            f47 {d  0.703687442 ; value 1.0000000000    ;}
-            f48 {d  0.758024318 ; value 0.0000000000    ;}
-            f49 {d  0.816556943 ; value 0.0000000000    ;}
-            f50 {d  0.879609302 ; value 0.0000000000    ;}
-            f51 {d  0.947530397 ; value 0.0000000000    ;}
-            f52 {d  1.020696179 ; value 0.0000000000    ;}
-            f53 {d  1.099511628 ; value 0.0000000000    ;}
-            f54 {d  1.184412996 ; value 0.0000000000    ;}
-            f55 {d  1.275870223 ; value 0.0000000000    ;}
-        );
-    }
-
-    residualAlpha   1e-6;
-}
-
-air3
-{
-    type            pureIsothermalPhaseModel;
-    diameterModel   velocityGroup;
-    velocityGroupCoeffs
-    {
-        populationBalance    bubbles;
-
-        formFactor      1;
-
-        sizeGroups
-        (
-            f56 {d  1.374389535 ; value 1.0000000000    ;}
-            f57 {d  1.480516246 ; value 0.0000000000    ;}
-            f58 {d  1.594837779 ; value 0.0000000000    ;}
-            f59 {d  1.717986918 ; value 0.0000000000    ;}
-            f60 {d  1.850645307 ; value 0.0000000000    ;}
-            f61 {d  1.993547224 ; value 0.0000000000    ;}
-            f62 {d  2.147483648 ; value 0.0000000000    ;}
-            f63 {d  2.313306634 ; value 0.0000000000    ;}
-            f64 {d  2.49193403  ; value 0.0000000000    ;}
-            f65 {d  2.68435456  ; value 0.0000000000    ;}
-            f66 {d  2.891633292 ; value 0.0000000000    ;}
-            f67 {d  3.114917538 ; value 0.0000000000    ;}
-            f68 {d  3.3554432   ; value 0.0000000000    ;}
-            f69 {d  3.614541615 ; value 0.0000000000    ;}
-            f70 {d  3.893646922 ; value 0.0000000000    ;}
-        );
-    }
-
-    residualAlpha   1e-6;
-}
-
-water
-{
-    type            pureIsothermalPhaseModel;
-    diameterModel   constant;
-    constantCoeffs
-    {
-        d               1e-4;
-    }
-
-    residualAlpha   1e-6;
-}
-
-populationBalanceCoeffs
-{
-    bubbles
-    {
-        continuousPhase water;
-
-        coalescenceModels
-        (
-            constant
-            {
-                rate 1.0;
-            }
-        );
-
-        binaryBreakupModels
-        ();
-
-        breakupModels
-        ();
-
-        driftModels
-        ();
-
-        nucleationModels
-        ();
-    }
-}
-
-blending
-{
-    default
-    {
-        type            none;
-        continuousPhase water;
-    }
-}
-
-surfaceTension
-();
-
-interfaceCompression
-();
-
-aspectRatio
-();
-
-drag
-();
-
-virtualMass
-();
-
-heatTransfer
-();
-
-phaseTransfer
-();
-
-lift
-();
-
-wallLubrication
-();
-
-turbulentDispersion
-();
-
-// Minimum allowable pressure
-pMin            10000;
-
-
-// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/Allrun b/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/Allrun
deleted file mode 100755
index 112160dcdb..0000000000
--- a/test/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/simultaneousCoalescenceAndBreakup/Allrun
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-cd ${0%/*} || exit 1    # run from this directory
-
-# Source tutorial run functions
-. $WM_PROJECT_DIR/bin/tools/RunFunctions
-
-# Set application name
-application=$(getApplication)
-
-runApplication blockMesh
-runApplication $application
-
-# Get and transpose results
-cp postProcessing/numberDensity/0/numberDensity.dat .
-sed -i -e '1d' -e 's/# /#/g' numberDensity.dat
-transposeFile numberDensity.dat > numberDensity.transposed.dat
-
-cp postProcessing/volumeDensity/0/volumeDensity.dat .
-sed -i -e '1d' -e 's/# /#/g' volumeDensity.dat
-transposeFile volumeDensity.dat > volumeDensity.transposed.dat
-
-# Create plot
-( cd validation && ./createGraphs )
-
-#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/README b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/README
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/README
rename to test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/README
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/drift/0/T.air b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/drift/0/T.air
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/drift/0/T.air
rename to test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/drift/0/T.air
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/drift/0/T.water b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/drift/0/T.water
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/drift/0/T.water
rename to test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/drift/0/T.water
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/drift/0/U.air b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/drift/0/U.air
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/drift/0/U.air
rename to test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/drift/0/U.air
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/drift/0/U.water b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/drift/0/U.water
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/drift/0/U.water
rename to test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/drift/0/U.water
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/drift/0/alpha.air b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/drift/0/alpha.air
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/drift/0/alpha.air
rename to test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/drift/0/alpha.air
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/drift/0/f.air.bubbles b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/drift/0/f.air.bubbles
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/drift/0/f.air.bubbles
rename to test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/drift/0/f.air.bubbles
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/drift/0/p b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/drift/0/p
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/drift/0/p
rename to test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/drift/0/p
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/drift/0/p_rgh b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/drift/0/p_rgh
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/drift/0/p_rgh
rename to test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/drift/0/p_rgh
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/drift/Allrun b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/drift/Allrun
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..10a9274540
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/drift/Allrun
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+cd ${0%/*} || exit 1    # run from this directory
+
+# Source tutorial run functions
+. $WM_PROJECT_DIR/bin/tools/RunFunctions
+
+# Set application name
+application=$(getApplication)
+
+runApplication blockMesh
+runApplication $application
+
+( cd validation && ./createGraphs )
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/drift/constant/fvOptions b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/drift/constant/fvOptions
similarity index 83%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/drift/constant/fvOptions
rename to test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/drift/constant/fvOptions
index 11de2a0b00..0a4c60bcca 100644
--- a/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/drift/constant/fvOptions
+++ b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/drift/constant/fvOptions
@@ -15,25 +15,18 @@ FoamFile
 }
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
-injector1
-{
-    timeStart       0;
-    duration        6;
-    selectionMode   all;
-}
-
 options
 {
-    massSource1
+    massSource
     {
         type            scalarSemiImplicitSource;
 
-        $injector1;
-
+        selectionMode   all;
         volumeMode      specific;
+
         injectionRateSuSp
         {
-            thermo:rho.air     (0.024535 0); // kg/s/m³
+            thermo:rho.air      (0.024535 0);// kg/s/m³
             thermo:rho.water    (-24.535 0); // kg/s/m³
         }
     }
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/drift/constant/g b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/drift/constant/g
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/drift/constant/g
rename to test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/drift/constant/g
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/negativeDrift/constant/phaseProperties b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/drift/constant/phaseProperties
similarity index 52%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/negativeDrift/constant/phaseProperties
rename to test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/drift/constant/phaseProperties
index f7ab0b343e..95ba3304e6 100644
--- a/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/negativeDrift/constant/phaseProperties
+++ b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/drift/constant/phaseProperties
@@ -27,37 +27,43 @@ air
     diameterModel   velocityGroup;
     velocityGroupCoeffs
     {
-        populationBalance    bubbles;
+        populationBalance   bubbles;
 
-        formFactor      1;
+        shapeModel          spherical;
 
         sizeGroups
         (
-            f0  {d  1.0000000   ; value 0.0000000   ;}
-            f1  {d  1.0500000   ; value 0.0000000   ;}
-            f2  {d  1.1000000   ; value 0.0000000   ;}
-            f3  {d  1.1500000   ; value 0.0000000   ;}
-            f4  {d  1.2000000   ; value 0.0000000   ;}
-            f5  {d  1.2500000   ; value 0.0000000   ;}
-            f6  {d  1.3000000   ; value 0.0000000   ;}
-            f7  {d  1.3500000   ; value 0.0000000   ;}
-            f8  {d  1.4000000   ; value 0.0000000   ;}
-            f9  {d  1.4500000   ; value 0.0000000   ;}
-            f10 {d  1.5000000   ; value 0.0000000   ;}
-            f11 {d  1.5500000   ; value 0.0000000   ;}
-            f12 {d  1.6000000   ; value 0.0000000   ;}
-            f13 {d  1.6500000   ; value 0.0000000   ;}
-            f14 {d  1.7000000   ; value 0.0000000   ;}
-            f15 {d  1.7500000   ; value 0.0000000   ;}
-            f16 {d  1.8000000   ; value 0.0000000   ;}
-            f17 {d  1.8500000   ; value 0.0000000   ;}
-            f18 {d  1.9000000   ; value 0.0000000   ;}
-            f19 {d  1.9500000   ; value 0.0000000   ;}
-            f20 {d  2.0000000   ; value 0.2064732   ;}
-            f21 {d  2.0500000   ; value 0.2336032   ;}
-            f22 {d  2.1000000   ; value 0.2635129   ;}
-            f23 {d  2.1500000   ; value 0.2964107   ;}
-            f24 {d  2.2000000   ; value 0.0000000   ;}
+            f0 {dSph 1.240700982; value 0;}
+            f1 {dSph 1.302736031; value 0;}
+            f2 {dSph 1.364771080; value 0;}
+            f3 {dSph 1.426806129; value 0;}
+            f4 {dSph 1.488841178; value 0;}
+            f5 {dSph 1.550876227; value 0.0609671;}
+            f6 {dSph 1.612911276; value 0.0741729;}
+            f7 {dSph 1.674946325; value 0.0895739;}
+            f8 {dSph 1.736981375; value 0.1074333;}
+            f9 {dSph 1.799016424; value 0.1280343;}
+            f10{dSph 1.861051473; value 0.151681;}
+            f11{dSph 1.923086522; value 0.1786995;}
+            f12{dSph 1.985121571; value 0.209438;}
+            f13{dSph 2.047156620; value 0;}
+            f14{dSph 2.109191669; value 0;}
+            f15{dSph 2.171226718; value 0;}
+            f16{dSph 2.233261767; value 0;}
+            f17{dSph 2.295296816; value 0;}
+            f18{dSph 2.357331865; value 0;}
+            f19{dSph 2.419366915; value 0;}
+            f20{dSph 2.481401964; value 0;}
+            f21{dSph 2.543437013; value 0;}
+            f22{dSph 2.605472062; value 0;}
+            f23{dSph 2.667507111; value 0;}
+            f24{dSph 2.729542160; value 0;}
+            f25{dSph 2.791577209; value 0;}
+            f26{dSph 2.853612258; value 0;}
+            f27{dSph 2.915647307; value 0;}
+            f28{dSph 2.977682356; value 0;}
+            f29{dSph 3.039717405; value 0;}
+            f30{dSph 3.101752454; value 0;}
         );
     }
 
@@ -120,17 +126,7 @@ aspectRatio
 ();
 
 drag
-(
-    (air in water)
-    {
-        type            SchillerNaumann;
-        residualRe      1e-3;
-        swarmCorrection
-        {
-            type        none;
-        }
-    }
-);
+();
 
 virtualMass
 ();
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/drift/constant/thermophysicalProperties.air b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/drift/constant/thermophysicalProperties.air
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/drift/constant/thermophysicalProperties.air
rename to test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/drift/constant/thermophysicalProperties.air
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/drift/constant/thermophysicalProperties.water b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/drift/constant/thermophysicalProperties.water
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/drift/constant/thermophysicalProperties.water
rename to test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/drift/constant/thermophysicalProperties.water
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/drift/constant/turbulenceProperties.air b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/drift/constant/turbulenceProperties.air
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/drift/constant/turbulenceProperties.air
rename to test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/drift/constant/turbulenceProperties.air
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/drift/constant/turbulenceProperties.water b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/drift/constant/turbulenceProperties.water
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/drift/constant/turbulenceProperties.water
rename to test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/drift/constant/turbulenceProperties.water
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/drift/system/blockMeshDict b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/drift/system/blockMeshDict
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/drift/system/blockMeshDict
rename to test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/drift/system/blockMeshDict
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/drift/system/controlDict b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/drift/system/controlDict
similarity index 85%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/drift/system/controlDict
rename to test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/drift/system/controlDict
index 8e9a8cc9d6..f556111c5f 100644
--- a/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/drift/system/controlDict
+++ b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/drift/system/controlDict
@@ -60,12 +60,11 @@ functions
 
         writeControl        outputTime;
         writeInterval       1;
-        log                 yes;
 
-        functionType        numberDensity;
-        abszissaType        volume;
-        selectionMode       all;
         populationBalance   bubbles;
+        functionType        number;
+        coordinateType      volume;
+        densityFunction     yes;
     }
 
     moments
@@ -75,13 +74,11 @@ functions
 
         writeControl        runTime;
         writeInterval       0.1;
-        log                 yes;
 
-        functionType        moments;
-        momentOrder         2;
-        abszissaType        volume;
-        selectionMode       all;
         populationBalance   bubbles;
+        functionType        moments;
+        coordinateType      volume;
+        maxOrder            1;
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/drift/system/fvSchemes b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/drift/system/fvSchemes
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/drift/system/fvSchemes
rename to test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/drift/system/fvSchemes
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/drift/system/fvSolution b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/drift/system/fvSolution
similarity index 95%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/drift/system/fvSolution
rename to test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/drift/system/fvSolution
index a39be34d27..9064c12792 100644
--- a/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/drift/system/fvSolution
+++ b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/drift/system/fvSolution
@@ -63,12 +63,7 @@ PIMPLE
 }
 
 relaxationFactors
-{
-    equations
-    {
-        "f.*"              1.0;
-    }
-}
+{}
 
 
 // ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/drift/validation/createGraphs b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/drift/validation/createGraphs
similarity index 94%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/drift/validation/createGraphs
rename to test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/drift/validation/createGraphs
index d6b779d843..57d77f2823 100755
--- a/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/drift/validation/createGraphs
+++ b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/drift/validation/createGraphs
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ gnuplot<<EOF
 
     plot '<printf "2 0\n2 0.01\n4 0.01\n4 0\n"' w l t 'Initial Condition',\
     '<printf "8 0\n8 0.01\n10 0.01\n10 0\n"' w l t '[Kumar J., PhD thesis, Magdeburg, 2006]',\
-    '../numberDensity.transposed.dat' u 1:2 w lp t 'air'
+    '../postProcessing/numberDensity/6/numberDensity.dat' u 1:4 w lp t 'air'
 
     set output '../moments.eps'
 
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/negativeDrift/0/T.air b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/negativeDrift/0/T.air
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/negativeDrift/0/T.air
rename to test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/negativeDrift/0/T.air
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/negativeDrift/0/T.water b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/negativeDrift/0/T.water
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/negativeDrift/0/T.water
rename to test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/negativeDrift/0/T.water
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/negativeDrift/0/U.air b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/negativeDrift/0/U.air
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/negativeDrift/0/U.air
rename to test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/negativeDrift/0/U.air
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/negativeDrift/0/U.water b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/negativeDrift/0/U.water
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/negativeDrift/0/U.water
rename to test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/negativeDrift/0/U.water
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/negativeDrift/0/alpha.air b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/negativeDrift/0/alpha.air
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/negativeDrift/0/alpha.air
rename to test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/negativeDrift/0/alpha.air
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/negativeDrift/0/f.air.bubbles b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/negativeDrift/0/f.air.bubbles
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/negativeDrift/0/f.air.bubbles
rename to test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/negativeDrift/0/f.air.bubbles
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/negativeDrift/0/p b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/negativeDrift/0/p
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/negativeDrift/0/p
rename to test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/negativeDrift/0/p
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/negativeDrift/0/p_rgh b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/negativeDrift/0/p_rgh
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/negativeDrift/0/p_rgh
rename to test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/negativeDrift/0/p_rgh
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/negativeDrift/Allrun b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/negativeDrift/Allrun
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..10a9274540
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/negativeDrift/Allrun
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+cd ${0%/*} || exit 1    # run from this directory
+
+# Source tutorial run functions
+. $WM_PROJECT_DIR/bin/tools/RunFunctions
+
+# Set application name
+application=$(getApplication)
+
+runApplication blockMesh
+runApplication $application
+
+( cd validation && ./createGraphs )
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/negativeDrift/constant/fvOptions b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/negativeDrift/constant/fvOptions
similarity index 90%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/negativeDrift/constant/fvOptions
rename to test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/negativeDrift/constant/fvOptions
index 5f1a314b6f..a20163b5c6 100644
--- a/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/negativeDrift/constant/fvOptions
+++ b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/negativeDrift/constant/fvOptions
@@ -15,22 +15,15 @@ FoamFile
 }
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
-injector1
-{
-    timeStart       0;
-    duration        4;
-    selectionMode   all;
-}
-
 options
 {
     massSource1
     {
         type            scalarSemiImplicitSource;
 
-        $injector1;
-
+        selectionMode   all;
         volumeMode      specific;
+
         injectionRateSuSp
         {
             thermo:rho.air     (-0.0258575 0); // kg/s/m³
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/negativeDrift/constant/g b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/negativeDrift/constant/g
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/negativeDrift/constant/g
rename to test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/negativeDrift/constant/g
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/negativeDrift/constant/phaseProperties b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/negativeDrift/constant/phaseProperties
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0c8bcfa06d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/negativeDrift/constant/phaseProperties
@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
+    \\  /    A nd           | Version:  dev
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+    version     2.0;
+    format      ascii;
+    class       dictionary;
+    location    "constant";
+    object      phaseProperties;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+type populationBalanceTwoPhaseSystem;
+
+phases (air water);
+
+populationBalances (bubbles);
+
+air
+{
+    type            pureIsothermalPhaseModel;
+    diameterModel   velocityGroup;
+    velocityGroupCoeffs
+    {
+        populationBalance   bubbles;
+
+        shapeModel          spherical;
+
+        sizeGroups
+        (
+            f0 {dSph 1.240700982; value 0;}
+            f1 {dSph 1.302736031; value 0;}
+            f2 {dSph 1.364771080; value 0;}
+            f3 {dSph 1.426806129; value 0;}
+            f4 {dSph 1.488841178; value 0;}
+            f5 {dSph 1.550876227; value 0;}
+            f6 {dSph 1.612911276; value 0;}
+            f7 {dSph 1.674946325; value 0;}
+            f8 {dSph 1.736981375; value 0;}
+            f9 {dSph 1.799016424; value 0;}
+            f10{dSph 1.861051473; value 0;}
+            f11{dSph 1.923086522; value 0;}
+            f12{dSph 1.985121571; value 0;}
+            f13{dSph 2.047156620; value 0;}
+            f14{dSph 2.109191669; value 0;}
+            f15{dSph 2.171226718; value 0;}
+            f16{dSph 2.233261767; value 0;}
+            f17{dSph 2.295296816; value 0;}
+            f18{dSph 2.357331865; value 0;}
+            f19{dSph 2.419366915; value 0;}
+            f20{dSph 2.481401964; value 0.2064732;}
+            f21{dSph 2.543437013; value 0.2336032;}
+            f22{dSph 2.605472062; value 0.2635129;}
+            f23{dSph 2.667507111; value 0.2964107;}
+            f24{dSph 2.729542160; value 0;}
+        );
+    }
+
+    residualAlpha   1e-6;
+}
+
+water
+{
+    type            pureIsothermalPhaseModel;
+    diameterModel   constant;
+    constantCoeffs
+    {
+        d               1e-4;
+    }
+
+    residualAlpha   1e-6;
+}
+
+populationBalanceCoeffs
+{
+    bubbles
+    {
+        continuousPhase water;
+
+        coalescenceModels
+        ();
+
+        binaryBreakupModels
+        ();
+
+        breakupModels
+        ();
+
+        driftModels
+        (
+            constant{}
+        );
+
+        nucleationModels
+        ();
+    }
+}
+
+blending
+{
+    default
+    {
+        type            none;
+        continuousPhase water;
+    }
+}
+
+surfaceTension
+();
+
+interfaceCompression
+();
+
+aspectRatio
+();
+
+drag
+();
+
+virtualMass
+();
+
+heatTransfer
+();
+
+phaseTransfer
+();
+
+lift
+();
+
+wallLubrication
+();
+
+turbulentDispersion
+();
+
+// Minimum allowable pressure
+pMin            10000;
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/negativeDrift/constant/thermophysicalProperties.air b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/negativeDrift/constant/thermophysicalProperties.air
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/negativeDrift/constant/thermophysicalProperties.air
rename to test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/negativeDrift/constant/thermophysicalProperties.air
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/negativeDrift/constant/thermophysicalProperties.water b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/negativeDrift/constant/thermophysicalProperties.water
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/negativeDrift/constant/thermophysicalProperties.water
rename to test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/negativeDrift/constant/thermophysicalProperties.water
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/negativeDrift/constant/turbulenceProperties.air b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/negativeDrift/constant/turbulenceProperties.air
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/negativeDrift/constant/turbulenceProperties.air
rename to test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/negativeDrift/constant/turbulenceProperties.air
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/negativeDrift/constant/turbulenceProperties.water b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/negativeDrift/constant/turbulenceProperties.water
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/negativeDrift/constant/turbulenceProperties.water
rename to test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/negativeDrift/constant/turbulenceProperties.water
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/negativeDrift/system/blockMeshDict b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/negativeDrift/system/blockMeshDict
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/negativeDrift/system/blockMeshDict
rename to test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/negativeDrift/system/blockMeshDict
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/negativeDrift/system/controlDict b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/negativeDrift/system/controlDict
similarity index 83%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/negativeDrift/system/controlDict
rename to test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/negativeDrift/system/controlDict
index 8e9a8cc9d6..11bb47e37f 100644
--- a/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/negativeDrift/system/controlDict
+++ b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/negativeDrift/system/controlDict
@@ -23,13 +23,13 @@ startTime       0;
 
 stopAt          endTime;
 
-endTime         6;
+endTime         4;
 
 deltaT          0.01;
 
 writeControl    runTime;
 
-writeInterval   6;
+writeInterval   4;
 
 purgeWrite      0;
 
@@ -60,12 +60,11 @@ functions
 
         writeControl        outputTime;
         writeInterval       1;
-        log                 yes;
 
-        functionType        numberDensity;
-        abszissaType        volume;
-        selectionMode       all;
         populationBalance   bubbles;
+        functionType        number;
+        coordinateType      volume;
+        densityFunction     yes;
     }
 
     moments
@@ -75,13 +74,11 @@ functions
 
         writeControl        runTime;
         writeInterval       0.1;
-        log                 yes;
 
-        functionType        moments;
-        momentOrder         2;
-        abszissaType        volume;
-        selectionMode       all;
         populationBalance   bubbles;
+        functionType        moments;
+        coordinateType      volume;
+        maxOrder            1;
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/negativeDrift/system/fvSchemes b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/negativeDrift/system/fvSchemes
similarity index 100%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/negativeDrift/system/fvSchemes
rename to test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/negativeDrift/system/fvSchemes
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/negativeDrift/system/fvSolution b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/negativeDrift/system/fvSolution
similarity index 95%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/negativeDrift/system/fvSolution
rename to test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/negativeDrift/system/fvSolution
index a39be34d27..9064c12792 100644
--- a/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/negativeDrift/system/fvSolution
+++ b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/negativeDrift/system/fvSolution
@@ -63,12 +63,7 @@ PIMPLE
 }
 
 relaxationFactors
-{
-    equations
-    {
-        "f.*"              1.0;
-    }
-}
+{}
 
 
 // ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/negativeDrift/validation/createGraphs b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/negativeDrift/validation/createGraphs
similarity index 94%
rename from test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/negativeDrift/validation/createGraphs
rename to test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/negativeDrift/validation/createGraphs
index 56f11075c8..270c2b51d9 100755
--- a/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/negativeDrift/validation/createGraphs
+++ b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/negativeDrift/validation/createGraphs
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ gnuplot<<EOF
 
     plot '<printf "4 0\n4 0.01\n6 0.01\n6 0\n"' w l t '[Kumar J., PhD thesis, Magdeburg, 2006]',\
     '<printf "8 0\n8 0.01\n10 0.01\n10 0\n"' w l t 'Initial Condition',\
-    '../numberDensity.transposed.dat' u 1:2 w lp t 'air'
+    '../postProcessing/numberDensity/4/numberDensity.dat' u 1:4 w lp t 'air'
 
     set output '../moments.eps'
 
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/titaniaSynthesis/0/Ar.vapor.orig b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/titaniaSynthesis/0/Ar.vapor.orig
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7500d4a74f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/titaniaSynthesis/0/Ar.vapor.orig
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
+    \\  /    A nd           | Version:  dev
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+    version     2.0;
+    format      ascii;
+    class       volScalarField;
+    object      Ar.vapor;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+dimensions      [0 0 0 0 0 0 0];
+
+internalField   uniform 9.759118E-01;
+
+boundaryField
+{
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/titaniaSynthesis/0/Cl2.vapor.orig b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/titaniaSynthesis/0/Cl2.vapor.orig
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d0ec23d334
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/titaniaSynthesis/0/Cl2.vapor.orig
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
+    \\  /    A nd           | Version:  dev
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+    version     2.0;
+    format      ascii;
+    class       volScalarField;
+    object      Cl2.vapor;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+dimensions      [0 0 0 0 0 0 0];
+
+internalField   uniform 0.0;
+
+boundaryField
+{
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/titaniaSynthesis/0/N2.vapor.orig b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/titaniaSynthesis/0/N2.vapor.orig
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..aa67c9b731
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/titaniaSynthesis/0/N2.vapor.orig
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
+    \\  /    A nd           | Version:  dev
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+    version     2.0;
+    format      ascii;
+    class       volScalarField;
+    object      N2.vapor;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+dimensions      [0 0 0 0 0 0 0];
+
+internalField   uniform 0.0;
+
+boundaryField
+{
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/titaniaSynthesis/0/O2.vapor.orig b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/titaniaSynthesis/0/O2.vapor.orig
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6cc0029a54
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/titaniaSynthesis/0/O2.vapor.orig
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
+    \\  /    A nd           | Version:  dev
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+    version     2.0;
+    format      ascii;
+    class       volScalarField;
+    object      O2.vapor;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+dimensions      [0 0 0 0 0 0 0];
+
+internalField   uniform 1.551577E-02;
+
+boundaryField
+{
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/titaniaSynthesis/0/T.particles b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/titaniaSynthesis/0/T.particles
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3c3851d345
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/titaniaSynthesis/0/T.particles
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
+    \\  /    A nd           | Version:  dev
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+    version     2.0;
+    format      ascii;
+    class       volScalarField;
+    object      T.particles;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+dimensions      [0 0 0 1 0 0 0];
+
+internalField   uniform 1400;
+
+boundaryField
+{
+}
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/titaniaSynthesis/0/T.vapor b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/titaniaSynthesis/0/T.vapor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..19c8209626
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/titaniaSynthesis/0/T.vapor
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
+    \\  /    A nd           | Version:  dev
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+    version     2.0;
+    format      ascii;
+    class       volScalarField;
+    object      T.vapor;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+dimensions      [0 0 0 1 0 0 0];
+
+internalField   uniform 1400;
+
+boundaryField
+{
+}
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/titaniaSynthesis/0/TiCl4.vapor.orig b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/titaniaSynthesis/0/TiCl4.vapor.orig
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e245866773
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/titaniaSynthesis/0/TiCl4.vapor.orig
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
+    \\  /    A nd           | Version:  dev
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+    version     2.0;
+    format      ascii;
+    class       volScalarField;
+    object      TiCl4.vapor;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+dimensions      [0 0 0 0 0 0 0];
+
+internalField   uniform 8.572434E-03;
+
+boundaryField
+{
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/titaniaSynthesis/0/TiO2.particles.orig b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/titaniaSynthesis/0/TiO2.particles.orig
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c068163ccd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/titaniaSynthesis/0/TiO2.particles.orig
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
+    \\  /    A nd           | Version:  dev
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+    version     2.0;
+    format      ascii;
+    class       volScalarField;
+    object      TiO2.particles;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+dimensions      [0 0 0 0 0 0 0];
+
+internalField   uniform 1.0;
+
+boundaryField
+{
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/titaniaSynthesis/0/TiO2.vapor.orig b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/titaniaSynthesis/0/TiO2.vapor.orig
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..14d9854027
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/titaniaSynthesis/0/TiO2.vapor.orig
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
+    \\  /    A nd           | Version:  dev
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+    version     2.0;
+    format      ascii;
+    class       volScalarField;
+    object      TiO2.vapor;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+dimensions      [0 0 0 0 0 0 0];
+
+internalField   uniform 0.0;
+
+boundaryField
+{
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/titaniaSynthesis/0/U.particles b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/titaniaSynthesis/0/U.particles
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1c104e9be2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/titaniaSynthesis/0/U.particles
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
+    \\  /    A nd           | Version:  dev
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+    version     2.0;
+    format      ascii;
+    class       volVectorField;
+    object      U.particles;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+dimensions      [0 1 -1 0 0 0 0];
+
+internalField   uniform (0 0 0);
+
+boundaryField
+{
+}
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/titaniaSynthesis/0/U.vapor b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/titaniaSynthesis/0/U.vapor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..73423c6a8a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/titaniaSynthesis/0/U.vapor
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
+    \\  /    A nd           | Version:  dev
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+    version     2.0;
+    format      ascii;
+    class       volVectorField;
+    object      U.vapor;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+dimensions      [0 1 -1 0 0 0 0];
+
+internalField   uniform (0 0 0);
+
+boundaryField
+{
+}
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/titaniaSynthesis/0/alpha.particles.orig b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/titaniaSynthesis/0/alpha.particles.orig
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..70c884be90
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/titaniaSynthesis/0/alpha.particles.orig
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
+    \\  /    A nd           | Version:  dev
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+    version     2.0;
+    format      ascii;
+    class       volScalarField;
+    object      alpha.particles;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+dimensions      [0 0 0 0 0 0 0];
+
+internalField   uniform 0;
+
+boundaryField
+{
+}
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/titaniaSynthesis/0/alpha.vapor.orig b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/titaniaSynthesis/0/alpha.vapor.orig
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9beb6c939b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/titaniaSynthesis/0/alpha.vapor.orig
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
+    \\  /    A nd           | Version:  dev
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+    version     2.0;
+    format      ascii;
+    class       volScalarField;
+    object      alpha.particles;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+dimensions      [0 0 0 0 0 0 0];
+
+internalField   uniform 1.0;
+
+boundaryField
+{
+}
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/titaniaSynthesis/0/f.particles.aggregates b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/titaniaSynthesis/0/f.particles.aggregates
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c55c6b9211
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/titaniaSynthesis/0/f.particles.aggregates
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
+    \\  /    A nd           | Version:  dev
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+    version     2.0;
+    format      ascii;
+    class       volScalarField;
+    object      f.particles.aggregates;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+dimensions      [0 0 0 0 0 0 0];
+
+internalField   uniform 1.0;
+
+boundaryField
+{
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/titaniaSynthesis/0/p b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/titaniaSynthesis/0/p
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ad2fea5bce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/titaniaSynthesis/0/p
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
+    \\  /    A nd           | Version:  dev
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+    version     2.0;
+    format      ascii;
+    class       volScalarField;
+    object      p;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+dimensions      [1 -1 -2 0 0 0 0];
+
+internalField   uniform 1e5;
+
+boundaryField
+{
+}
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/titaniaSynthesis/0/p_rgh b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/titaniaSynthesis/0/p_rgh
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3e82e974a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/titaniaSynthesis/0/p_rgh
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
+    \\  /    A nd           | Version:  dev
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+    version     2.0;
+    format      ascii;
+    class       volScalarField;
+    object      p_rgh;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+dimensions      [1 -1 -2 0 0 0 0];
+
+internalField   uniform 1e5;
+
+boundaryField
+{
+}
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/titaniaSynthesis/Allrun b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/titaniaSynthesis/Allrun
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..10a9274540
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/titaniaSynthesis/Allrun
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+cd ${0%/*} || exit 1    # run from this directory
+
+# Source tutorial run functions
+. $WM_PROJECT_DIR/bin/tools/RunFunctions
+
+# Set application name
+application=$(getApplication)
+
+runApplication blockMesh
+runApplication $application
+
+( cd validation && ./createGraphs )
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/titaniaSynthesis/constant/chemistryProperties.vapor b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/titaniaSynthesis/constant/chemistryProperties.vapor
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..d726e3d637
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/titaniaSynthesis/constant/chemistryProperties.vapor
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
+    \\  /    A nd           | Version:  dev
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+    version     2.0;
+    format      ascii;
+    class       dictionary;
+    location    "constant";
+    object      chemistryProperties.gas;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+chemistryType
+{
+    solver  EulerImplicit;
+}
+
+chemistry   on;
+
+initialChemicalTimeStep 1e-07;
+
+EulerImplicitCoeffs
+{
+    cTauChem                1;
+    equilibriumRateLimiter  off;
+}
+
+odeCoeffs
+{
+    solver      Rosenbrock43;
+    absTol      1e-8;
+    relTol      0.01;
+}
+
+#include "reactions.vapor"
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/titaniaSynthesis/constant/combustionProperties.vapor b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/titaniaSynthesis/constant/combustionProperties.vapor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..47c1783d57
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/titaniaSynthesis/constant/combustionProperties.vapor
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
+    \\  /    A nd           | Version:  dev
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+    version     2.0;
+    format      ascii;
+    class       dictionary;
+    location    "constant";
+    object      combustionProperties.vapor;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+combustionModel  laminar;
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/titaniaSynthesis/constant/g b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/titaniaSynthesis/constant/g
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0577d07b8c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/titaniaSynthesis/constant/g
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
+    \\  /    A nd           | Version:  dev
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+    version     2.0;
+    format      ascii;
+    class       uniformDimensionedVectorField;
+    location    "constant";
+    object      g;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+dimensions      [0 1 -2 0 0 0 0];
+
+value           (0 0 0);
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/titaniaSynthesis/constant/phaseProperties b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/titaniaSynthesis/constant/phaseProperties
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0e7ef64616
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/titaniaSynthesis/constant/phaseProperties
@@ -0,0 +1,191 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
+    \\  /    A nd           | Version:  dev
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+    version     2.0;
+    format      ascii;
+    class       dictionary;
+    location    "constant";
+    object      phaseProperties;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+type populationBalanceTwoPhaseSystem;
+
+phases (particles vapor);
+
+populationBalances (aggregates);
+
+particles
+{
+    type            multiComponentPhaseModel;
+
+    diameterModel   velocityGroup;
+
+    velocityGroupCoeffs
+    {
+        populationBalance   aggregates;
+
+        shapeModel          fractal;
+
+        fractalCoeffs
+        {
+            sinteringModel  KochFriedlander;
+
+            KochFriedlanderCoeffs
+            {
+                Cs 8.3e24;
+                n  4.0;
+                m  1.0;
+                Ta 3700.0;
+            }
+        }
+
+        sizeGroups
+        (
+            f01{dSph 4.000E-10; value 1.0; kappa 1.5E+10; Df 1.8; alphaC 1;}
+            f02{dSph 5.769E-10; value 0.0; kappa 1.5E+10; Df 1.8; alphaC 1;}
+            f03{dSph 8.320E-10; value 0.0; kappa 1.5E+10; Df 1.8; alphaC 1;}
+            f04{dSph 1.200E-09; value 0.0; kappa 1.5E+10; Df 1.8; alphaC 1;}
+            f05{dSph 1.731E-09; value 0.0; kappa 1.5E+10; Df 1.8; alphaC 1;}
+            f06{dSph 2.496E-09; value 0.0; kappa 1.5E+10; Df 1.8; alphaC 1;}
+            f07{dSph 3.600E-09; value 0.0; kappa 1.5E+10; Df 1.8; alphaC 1;}
+            f08{dSph 5.192E-09; value 0.0; kappa 1.5E+10; Df 1.8; alphaC 1;}
+            f09{dSph 7.488E-09; value 0.0; kappa 1.5E+10; Df 1.8; alphaC 1;}
+            f10{dSph 1.080E-08; value 0.0; kappa 1.5E+10; Df 1.8; alphaC 1;}
+            f11{dSph 1.558E-08; value 0.0; kappa 1.5E+10; Df 1.8; alphaC 1;}
+            f12{dSph 2.246E-08; value 0.0; kappa 1.5E+10; Df 1.8; alphaC 1;}
+            f13{dSph 3.240E-08; value 0.0; kappa 1.5E+10; Df 1.8; alphaC 1;}
+            f14{dSph 4.673E-08; value 0.0; kappa 1.5E+10; Df 1.8; alphaC 1;}
+            f15{dSph 6.739E-08; value 0.0; kappa 1.5E+10; Df 1.8; alphaC 1;}
+            f16{dSph 9.720E-08; value 0.0; kappa 1.5E+10; Df 1.8; alphaC 1;}
+            f17{dSph 1.402E-07; value 0.0; kappa 1.5E+10; Df 1.8; alphaC 1;}
+            f18{dSph 2.022E-07; value 0.0; kappa 1.5E+10; Df 1.8; alphaC 1;}
+            f19{dSph 2.916E-07; value 0.0; kappa 1.5E+10; Df 1.8; alphaC 1;}
+            f20{dSph 4.206E-07; value 0.0; kappa 1.5E+10; Df 1.8; alphaC 1;}
+            f21{dSph 6.066E-07; value 0.0; kappa 1.5E+10; Df 1.8; alphaC 1;}
+            f22{dSph 8.748E-07; value 0.0; kappa 1.5E+10; Df 1.8; alphaC 1;}
+            f23{dSph 1.262E-06; value 0.0; kappa 1.5E+10; Df 1.8; alphaC 1;}
+            f24{dSph 1.820E-06; value 0.0; kappa 1.5E+10; Df 1.8; alphaC 1;}
+            f25{dSph 2.624E-06; value 0.0; kappa 1.5E+10; Df 1.8; alphaC 1;}
+            f26{dSph 3.785E-06; value 0.0; kappa 1.5E+10; Df 1.8; alphaC 1;}
+            f27{dSph 5.459E-06; value 0.0; kappa 1.5E+10; Df 1.8; alphaC 1;}
+            f28{dSph 7.873E-06; value 0.0; kappa 1.5E+10; Df 1.8; alphaC 1;}
+            f29{dSph 1.136E-05; value 0.0; kappa 1.5E+10; Df 1.8; alphaC 1;}
+        );
+    }
+
+    Sct             1.0;
+
+    residualAlpha   1e-15;
+}
+
+vapor
+{
+    type            reactingPhaseModel;
+
+    diameterModel   constant;
+    constantCoeffs
+    {
+        d           1;
+    }
+
+    Sct             1.0;
+
+    residualAlpha   1e-5;
+}
+
+populationBalanceCoeffs
+{
+    aggregates
+    {
+        continuousPhase vapor;
+
+        coalescenceModels
+        (
+            DahnekeInterpolation{}
+        );
+
+        binaryBreakupModels
+        ();
+
+        breakupModels
+        ();
+
+        driftModels
+        ();
+
+        nucleationModels
+        (
+            reactionDriven
+            {
+                nucleationDiameter  4E-10;
+                velocityGroup       particles;
+                reactingPhase       vapor;
+                specie              TiO2;
+            }
+        );
+    }
+}
+
+blending
+{
+    default
+    {
+        type            none;
+        continuousPhase vapor;
+    }
+}
+
+interfaceCompression
+();
+
+surfaceTension
+();
+
+aspectRatio
+();
+
+drag
+();
+
+virtualMass
+();
+
+heatTransfer
+(
+    (particles in vapor)
+    {
+        type            timeScaleFiltered;
+        minRelaxTime    1e-4;
+
+        heatTransferModel
+        {
+            type            constantNu;
+            Nu              1;
+        }
+    }
+);
+
+phaseTransfer
+();
+
+lift
+();
+
+wallLubrication
+();
+
+turbulentDispersion
+();
+
+// Minimum allowable pressure
+pMin            10000;
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/titaniaSynthesis/constant/reactions.vapor b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/titaniaSynthesis/constant/reactions.vapor
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..c83e8dda91
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/titaniaSynthesis/constant/reactions.vapor
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
+    \\  /    A nd           | Version:  dev
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+Reference:
+    Akhtar, M. K., Xiong, Y., & Pratsinis, S. E. (1991).
+    Vapor synthesis of titania powder by titanium tetrachloride oxidation.
+    AIChE Journal, 37(10), 1561-1570.
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+    version     2.0;
+    format      ascii;
+    class       dictionary;
+    location    "constant";
+    object      reactions.vapor;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+reactions
+{
+    oxidation
+    {
+        type        irreversibleArrheniusReaction;
+
+        reaction    "O2^0 + TiCl4 = TiO2 + 2Cl2";
+
+        A           8.29e4;
+        beta        0.0;
+        Ta          10680;
+    }
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/titaniaSynthesis/constant/thermo.vapor b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/titaniaSynthesis/constant/thermo.vapor
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..076d9304b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/titaniaSynthesis/constant/thermo.vapor
@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
+    \\  /    A nd           | Version:  dev
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+    version     2.0;
+    format      ascii;
+    class       dictionary;
+    location    "constant";
+    object      thermo.vapor;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+species
+(
+    O2
+    TiCl4
+    TiO2
+    Cl2
+    Ar
+    N2
+);
+
+Ar
+{
+    specie
+    {
+        molWeight   39.948;
+    }
+    thermodynamics
+    {
+        Tlow            200;
+        Thigh           6000;
+        Tcommon         1000;
+        highCpCoeffs    ( 2.50000000e+00 0.00000000e+00 0.00000000e+00 0.00000000e+00 0.00000000e+00 -7.4537500e+02 4.37967491e+00 );
+        lowCpCoeffs     ( 2.50000000e+00 0.00000000e+00 0.00000000e+00 0.00000000e+00 0.00000000e+00 -7.4537500e+02 4.37967491e+00 );
+    }
+    transport
+    {
+        As          2.038169524e-06;
+        Ts          165;
+    }
+}
+
+N2
+{
+    specie
+    {
+        molWeight   28.0134;
+    }
+    thermodynamics
+    {
+        Tlow            0;
+        Thigh           5000;
+        Tcommon         1000;
+        highCpCoeffs    ( 2.92664 0.00148798 -5.68476e-07 1.0097e-10 -6.75335e-15 -922.798 5.98053 );
+        lowCpCoeffs     ( 3.29868 0.00140824 -3.96322e-06 5.64152e-09 -2.44485e-12 -1020.9 3.95037 );
+    }
+    transport
+    {
+        As          1.406732195e-06;
+        Ts          111;
+    }
+}
+
+O2
+{
+    specie
+    {
+        molWeight   31.99825;
+    }
+    thermodynamics
+    {
+        Tlow            200;
+        Thigh           6000;
+        Tcommon         1000;
+        highCpCoeffs    ( 3.66096083e+00 6.56365523e-04 -1.41149485e-07 2.05797658e-11 -1.29913248e-15 -1.21597725e+03 3.41536184e+00 );
+        lowCpCoeffs     ( 3.78245636e+00 -2.99673415e-03 9.84730200e-06 -9.68129508e-09 3.24372836e-12 -1.06394356e+03 3.65767573e+00 );
+    }
+    transport
+    {
+        As          1.6934113e-06;
+        Ts          127;
+    }
+}
+
+
+TiCl4
+{
+    specie
+    {
+        molWeight   189.6908;
+    }
+    thermodynamics
+    {
+        Tlow            280;
+        Thigh           5000;
+        Tcommon         1000;
+        highCpCoeffs    ( 1.71426430e+01 1.09370870e-03 -1.06903110e-09 2.66167570e-13 -2.27944800e-17 -1.01880270e+05 -6.76401420e+01 );
+        lowCpCoeffs     ( 1.70660420e+01 1.57771680e-03 -1.08703760e-06 1.03903080e-09 -3.60225300e-13 -1.01871340e+05 -6.73082280e+01 );
+    }
+    transport
+    {
+        As          1.6934113e-06; // Taken from oxygen
+        Ts          127;
+    }
+}
+
+TiO2
+{
+    specie
+    {
+        molWeight   79.87880;
+    }
+    thermodynamics
+    {
+        Tlow            280;
+        Thigh           5000;
+        Tcommon         1000;
+        highCpCoeffs    (  6.84891510e+00 4.24634610e-03 -3.00889840e-06 1.06025190e-09 -1.43795970e-13 -1.15992460e+05 -3.45141060e+01 );
+        lowCpCoeffs     ( -1.61175170e-01 3.79666600e-02 -6.51547500e-05 5.25521360e-08 -1.62000510e-11 -1.14788970e+05 -1.88740350e+00 );
+    }
+    transport
+    {
+        As          1.6934113e-06; // Taken from oxygen
+        Ts          127;
+    }
+}
+
+Cl2
+{
+    specie
+    {
+        molWeight   35.45270;
+    }
+    thermodynamics
+    {
+        Tlow            200;
+        Thigh           6000;
+        Tcommon         1000;
+        highCpCoeffs    ( 2.94658358e+00 -3.85985408e-04 1.36139388e-07 -2.17032923e-11 1.28751025e-15 1.36970327e+04 3.11330136e+00 );
+        lowCpCoeffs     ( 2.26062480e+00 1.54154399e-03 -6.80283622e-07 -1.59972975e-09 1.15416636e-12 1.38552986e+04 6.57020799e+00 );
+    }
+    transport
+    {
+        As          1.6934113e-06; // Taken from oxygen
+        Ts          127;
+    }
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/titaniaSynthesis/constant/thermophysicalProperties.particles b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/titaniaSynthesis/constant/thermophysicalProperties.particles
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..05e52e4690
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/titaniaSynthesis/constant/thermophysicalProperties.particles
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
+    \\  /    A nd           | Version:  dev
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+    version     2.0;
+    format      ascii;
+    class       dictionary;
+    location    "constant";
+    object      thermophysicalProperties.particles;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+thermoType
+{
+    type            heRhoThermo;
+    mixture         multiComponentMixture;
+    transport       const;
+    thermo          janaf;
+    equationOfState rhoConst;
+    specie          specie;
+    energy          sensibleInternalEnergy;
+}
+
+species (TiO2);
+
+inertSpecie TiO2;
+
+TiO2
+{
+    specie
+    {
+        molWeight   79.87880;
+    }
+    equationOfState
+    {
+        rho         4230;
+    }
+    thermodynamics
+    {
+        Tlow            280;
+        Thigh           5000;
+        Tcommon         1000;
+        highCpCoeffs    (  6.84891510e+00 4.24634610e-03 -3.00889840e-06 1.06025190e-09 -1.43795970e-13 -1.15992460e+05 -3.45141060e+01 );
+        lowCpCoeffs     ( -1.61175170e-01 3.79666600e-02 -6.51547500e-05 5.25521360e-08 -1.62000510e-11 -1.14788970e+05 -1.88740350e+00 ); // Check heat capacities
+    }
+    transport
+    {
+        mu          1e-7;
+        Pr          8.0e-6;
+    }
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/titaniaSynthesis/constant/thermophysicalProperties.vapor b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/titaniaSynthesis/constant/thermophysicalProperties.vapor
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..1a8c5f4b10
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/titaniaSynthesis/constant/thermophysicalProperties.vapor
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
+    \\  /    A nd           | Version:  dev
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+    version     2.0;
+    format      ascii;
+    class       dictionary;
+    location    "constant";
+    object      thermophysicalProperties.vapor;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+thermoType
+{
+    type            heRhoThermo;
+    mixture         multiComponentMixture;
+    transport       sutherland;
+    thermo          janaf;
+    equationOfState perfectGas;
+    specie          specie;
+    energy          sensibleEnthalpy;
+}
+
+inertSpecie Ar;
+
+#include "$FOAM_CASE/constant/thermo.vapor"
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/titaniaSynthesis/constant/turbulenceProperties.particles b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/titaniaSynthesis/constant/turbulenceProperties.particles
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..49941334ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/titaniaSynthesis/constant/turbulenceProperties.particles
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
+    \\  /    A nd           | Version:  dev
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+    version     2.0;
+    format      ascii;
+    class       dictionary;
+    location    "constant";
+    object      turbulenceProperties.particles;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+simulationType  laminar;
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/titaniaSynthesis/constant/turbulenceProperties.vapor b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/titaniaSynthesis/constant/turbulenceProperties.vapor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..afa9b8486c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/titaniaSynthesis/constant/turbulenceProperties.vapor
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
+    \\  /    A nd           | Version:  dev
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+    version     2.0;
+    format      ascii;
+    class       dictionary;
+    location    "constant";
+    object      turbulenceProperties.vapor;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+simulationType  laminar;
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/titaniaSynthesis/system/blockMeshDict b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/titaniaSynthesis/system/blockMeshDict
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4e1960a31c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/titaniaSynthesis/system/blockMeshDict
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
+    \\  /    A nd           | Version:  dev
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+    version     2.0;
+    format      ascii;
+    class       dictionary;
+    object      blockMeshDict;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+convertToMeters 1;
+
+vertices
+(
+    (0 0 0)
+    (1 0 0)
+    (1 1 0)
+    (0 1 0)
+    (0 0 1)
+    (1 0 1)
+    (1 1 1)
+    (0 1 1)
+);
+
+blocks
+(
+    hex (0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7) (1 1 1) simpleGrading (1 1 1)
+);
+
+edges
+(
+);
+
+patches
+(
+);
+
+mergePatchPairs
+(
+);
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/titaniaSynthesis/system/controlDict b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/titaniaSynthesis/system/controlDict
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a90d9ebf9d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/titaniaSynthesis/system/controlDict
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
+    \\  /    A nd           | Version:  dev
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+    version     2.0;
+    format      ascii;
+    class       dictionary;
+    location    "system";
+    object      controlDict;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+application     reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam;
+
+startFrom       startTime;
+
+startTime       0;
+
+stopAt          endTime;
+
+endTime         1.0;
+
+deltaT          1e-3;
+
+writeControl    runTime;
+
+writeInterval   1.0;
+
+purgeWrite      0;
+
+writeFormat     ascii;
+
+writePrecision  9;
+
+writeCompression off;
+
+timeFormat      general;
+
+timePrecision   8;
+
+runTimeModifiable yes;
+
+adjustTimeStep  no;
+
+maxCo           0.8;
+
+maxDeltaT       0.01;
+
+functions
+{
+    #includeFunc        probes
+
+    numberConcentration
+    {
+        type                sizeDistribution;
+        functionObjectLibs  ("libreactingEulerFoamFunctionObjects.so");
+
+        writeControl        outputTime;
+        writeInterval       1;
+        log                 yes;
+
+        regionType          all;
+
+        populationBalance   aggregates;
+        functionType        number;
+        coordinateType      projectedAreaDiameter;
+        densityFunction     yes;
+        normalize           yes;
+        geometric           yes;
+    }
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/titaniaSynthesis/system/fvSchemes b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/titaniaSynthesis/system/fvSchemes
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..82078f77b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/titaniaSynthesis/system/fvSchemes
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
+    \\  /    A nd           | Version:  dev
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+    version     2.0;
+    format      ascii;
+    class       dictionary;
+    location    "system";
+    object      fvSchemes;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+ddtSchemes
+{
+    default     Euler;
+}
+
+gradSchemes
+{
+    default     Gauss linear;
+}
+
+divSchemes
+{
+    default                                 none;
+
+    "div\(phi,alpha.*\)"                    Gauss vanLeer;
+    "div\(phir,alpha.*\)"                   Gauss vanLeer;
+
+    "div\(alphaRhoPhi.*,U.*\)"              Gauss limitedLinearV 1;
+    "div\(phi.*,U.*\)"                      Gauss limitedLinearV 1;
+
+    "div\(alphaRhoPhi.*,(k|epsilon|h|e).*\)"          Gauss limitedLinear 1;
+    "div\(alphaRhoPhi.*,K.*\)"              Gauss limitedLinear 1;
+    "div\(alphaRhoPhi.*,Y.*\)"              Gauss limitedLinear 1;
+    "div\(alphaPhi.*,p\)"                   Gauss limitedLinear 1;
+
+    "div\(alphaRhoPhi.*,f.*\)"              Gauss upwind;
+    "div\(fAlphaRhoPhi.*,kappa.*\)"         Gauss limitedLinear 1;
+
+    "div\(\(\(\(alpha.*\*thermo:rho.*\)\*nuEff.*\)\*dev2\(T\(grad\(U.*\)\)\)\)\)" Gauss linear;
+}
+
+laplacianSchemes
+{
+    default     Gauss linear corrected;
+}
+
+interpolationSchemes
+{
+    default     linear;
+
+    fi          upwind alphaRhoPhi.particles;
+}
+
+snGradSchemes
+{
+    default    corrected;
+}
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/titaniaSynthesis/system/fvSolution b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/titaniaSynthesis/system/fvSolution
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..227cd3f28c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/titaniaSynthesis/system/fvSolution
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
+    \\  /    A nd           | Version:  dev
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+    version     2.0;
+    format      ascii;
+    class       dictionary;
+    location    "system";
+    object      fvSolution;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+solvers
+{
+    "alpha.*"
+    {
+        nAlphaCorr      1;
+        nAlphaSubCycles 1;
+    }
+
+    aggregates
+    {
+        nCorr                1;
+        tolerance            1e-4;
+        scale                true;
+        sourceUpdateInterval 1;
+        solveOnFinalIterOnly false;
+    }
+
+    p_rgh
+    {
+        solver          PCG;
+        preconditioner  DIC;
+        tolerance       1e-7;
+        relTol          0;
+        maxIter         20;
+    }
+
+    p_rghFinal
+    {
+        $p_rgh;
+        relTol          0;
+    }
+
+    "(h|e).*"
+    {
+        solver          smoothSolver;
+        smoother        symGaussSeidel;
+        tolerance       1e-7;
+        relTol          0;
+        minIter         1;
+        maxIter         10;
+    }
+
+    "(k|epsilon).*"
+    {
+        solver          smoothSolver;
+        smoother        symGaussSeidel;
+        tolerance       1e-5;
+        relTol          0;
+        minIter         1;
+    }
+
+    "(Yi|f|kappa).*"
+    {
+        solver          PBiCGStab;
+        preconditioner  DILU;
+        tolerance       1e-7;
+        relTol          0;
+        residualAlpha   1e-5;
+    }
+}
+
+PIMPLE
+{
+    nOuterCorrectors    1;
+    nCorrectors         1;
+    nEnergyCorrectors   1;
+    nNonOrthogonalCorrectors 0;
+
+    pRefCell 0;
+    pRefValue 1e5;
+}
+
+relaxationFactors
+{
+    equations
+    {
+        ".*"                          1.0;
+    }
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/titaniaSynthesis/system/probes b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/titaniaSynthesis/system/probes
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7f88c8dc95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/titaniaSynthesis/system/probes
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
+    \\  /    A nd           | Version:  dev
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+Description
+    Writes out values of fields from cells nearest to specified locations.
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#includeEtc "caseDicts/postProcessing/probes/probes.cfg"
+
+fields
+(
+    alpha.particles
+    TiCl4.vapor
+    O2.vapor
+    Cl2.vapor
+);
+
+probeLocations
+(
+    (0.5 0.5 0.5)
+);
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/titaniaSynthesis/validation/createGraphs b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/titaniaSynthesis/validation/createGraphs
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..ec2c07bce7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalance/titaniaSynthesis/validation/createGraphs
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+if ! which gnuplot > /dev/null 2>&1
+then
+    echo 'gnuplot not found - skipping graph creation' >&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+gnuplot<<EOF
+    set terminal postscript eps color enhanced font "Helvetica,20"
+    set output '../species.eps'
+
+    set xlabel 't (s)'
+    set ylabel 'Y (-)'
+    set y2label '{/Symbol a} (-)'
+    set ytics nomirror
+    set y2tics nomirror
+    set key center
+
+    dir = '../postProcessing/probes/0'
+
+    plot ''.dir.'/TiCl4.vapor' w l t 'TiCl4',\
+    ''.dir.'/O2.vapor' w l t 'O2',\
+    ''.dir.'/Cl2.vapor' w l t 'Cl2',\
+    ''.dir.'/alpha.particles' axis x1y2 w l t '{/Symbol a}_{particles}'
+EOF
+
+gnuplot<<EOF
+    set terminal postscript eps color enhanced font "Helvetica,20"
+    set output '../sizeDistribution.eps'
+
+    set xlabel 'Mobility diameter ({/Symbol m}m)'
+    set ylabel 'N_i/N_t/{/Symbol D}ln d'
+    set y2label '{/Symbol k} (m^{-1})'
+    set logscale xyy2
+    set tics format '%1.e'
+    set ytics nomirror
+    set y2tics nomirror
+    set xrange [1e-3:1]
+    set yrange [1e-3:3]
+
+    result = system("ls ../postProcessing/numberConcentration/$(foamListTimes -case .. | tail -1)/numberConcentration.dat")
+
+    plot result u (\$3/1e-6):4 w lp t 'Size distribution',\
+    result u (\$3/1e-6):(\$2/\$1) axis x1y2 w l t '{/Symbol k}',\
+    result u (\$3/1e-6):(6./((6./pi*\$1)**(1./3.))) axis x1y2 w l t '{/Symbol k} lower bound'
+EOF
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/drift/constant/phaseProperties b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/drift/constant/phaseProperties
deleted file mode 100644
index 188285743c..0000000000
--- a/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/drift/constant/phaseProperties
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,163 +0,0 @@
-/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
-  =========                 |
-  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
-   \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
-    \\  /    A nd           | Version:  dev
-     \\/     M anipulation  |
-\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-FoamFile
-{
-    version     2.0;
-    format      ascii;
-    class       dictionary;
-    location    "constant";
-    object      phaseProperties;
-}
-// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
-
-type populationBalanceTwoPhaseSystem;
-
-phases (air water);
-
-populationBalances (bubbles);
-
-air
-{
-    type            pureIsothermalPhaseModel;
-    diameterModel   velocityGroup;
-    velocityGroupCoeffs
-    {
-        populationBalance    bubbles;
-
-        formFactor      1;
-
-        sizeGroups
-        (
-            f0  {d  1.0000000   ; value 0.0000000   ;}
-            f1  {d  1.0500000   ; value 0.0000000   ;}
-            f2  {d  1.1000000   ; value 0.0000000   ;}
-            f3  {d  1.1500000   ; value 0.0000000   ;}
-            f4  {d  1.2000000   ; value 0.0000000   ;}
-            f5  {d  1.2500000   ; value 0.0609671   ;}
-            f6  {d  1.3000000   ; value 0.0741729   ;}
-            f7  {d  1.3500000   ; value 0.0895739   ;}
-            f8  {d  1.4000000   ; value 0.1074333   ;}
-            f9  {d  1.4500000   ; value 0.1280343   ;}
-            f10 {d  1.5000000   ; value 0.1516810   ;}
-            f11 {d  1.5500000   ; value 0.1786995   ;}
-            f12 {d  1.6000000   ; value 0.2094380   ;}
-            f13 {d  1.6500000   ; value 0.0000000   ;}
-            f14 {d  1.7000000   ; value 0.0000000   ;}
-            f15 {d  1.7500000   ; value 0.0000000   ;}
-            f16 {d  1.8000000   ; value 0.0000000   ;}
-            f17 {d  1.8500000   ; value 0.0000000   ;}
-            f18 {d  1.9000000   ; value 0.0000000   ;}
-            f19 {d  1.9500000   ; value 0.0000000   ;}
-            f20 {d  2.0000000   ; value 0.0000000   ;}
-            f21 {d  2.0500000   ; value 0.0000000   ;}
-            f22 {d  2.1000000   ; value 0.0000000   ;}
-            f23 {d  2.1500000   ; value 0.0000000   ;}
-            f24 {d  2.2000000   ; value 0.0000000   ;}
-            f25 {d  2.2500000   ; value 0.0000000   ;}
-            f26 {d  2.3000000   ; value 0.0000000   ;}
-            f27 {d  2.3500000   ; value 0.0000000   ;}
-            f28 {d  2.4000000   ; value 0.0000000   ;}
-            f29 {d  2.4500000   ; value 0.0000000   ;}
-            f30 {d  2.5000000   ; value 0.0000000   ;}
-        );
-    }
-
-    residualAlpha   1e-6;
-}
-
-water
-{
-    type            pureIsothermalPhaseModel;
-    diameterModel   constant;
-    constantCoeffs
-    {
-        d               1e-4;
-    }
-
-    residualAlpha   1e-6;
-}
-
-populationBalanceCoeffs
-{
-    bubbles
-    {
-        continuousPhase water;
-
-        coalescenceModels
-        ();
-
-        binaryBreakupModels
-        ();
-
-        breakupModels
-        ();
-
-        driftModels
-        (
-            constant{}
-        );
-
-        nucleationModels
-        ();
-    }
-}
-
-blending
-{
-    default
-    {
-        type            none;
-        continuousPhase water;
-    }
-}
-
-surfaceTension
-();
-
-interfaceCompression
-();
-
-aspectRatio
-();
-
-drag
-(
-    (air in water)
-    {
-        type            SchillerNaumann;
-        residualRe      1e-3;
-        swarmCorrection
-        {
-            type        none;
-        }
-    }
-);
-
-virtualMass
-();
-
-heatTransfer
-();
-
-phaseTransfer
-();
-
-lift
-();
-
-wallLubrication
-();
-
-turbulentDispersion
-();
-
-// Minimum allowable pressure
-pMin            10000;
-
-
-// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/negativeDrift/Allrun b/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/negativeDrift/Allrun
deleted file mode 100755
index 5201cba7fa..0000000000
--- a/test/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/populationBalanceModeling/negativeDrift/Allrun
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-cd ${0%/*} || exit 1    # run from this directory
-
-# Source tutorial run functions
-. $WM_PROJECT_DIR/bin/tools/RunFunctions
-
-# Set application name
-application=$(getApplication)
-
-runApplication blockMesh
-runApplication $application
-
-# Get and transpose results
-cp postProcessing/numberDensity/0/numberDensity.dat .
-sed -i -e '1d' -e 's/# /#/g' numberDensity.dat
-transposeFile numberDensity.dat > numberDensity.transposed.dat
-
-# Create plot
-( cd validation && ./createGraphs )
-
-#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/tutorials/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/RAS/wallBoilingPolydisperseTwoGroups/constant/phaseProperties b/tutorials/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/RAS/wallBoilingPolydisperseTwoGroups/constant/phaseProperties
index 93771e9665..b1ce4ffc37 100644
--- a/tutorials/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/RAS/wallBoilingPolydisperseTwoGroups/constant/phaseProperties
+++ b/tutorials/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/RAS/wallBoilingPolydisperseTwoGroups/constant/phaseProperties
@@ -32,20 +32,20 @@ gas
     {
         populationBalance    bubbles;
 
-        formFactor      0.5235987756;
+        shapeModel  spherical;
 
         sizeGroups
         (
-            f1  {d  1.0e-4; value 0    ;}
-            f2  {d  1.2e-4; value 0    ;}
-            f3  {d  1.44e-4; value 0    ;}
-            f4  {d  1.728e-4; value 0    ;}
-            f5  {d  2.074e-4; value 0    ;}
-            f6  {d  2.49e-4; value 0    ;}
-            f7 {d  2.99e-4; value 0    ;}
-            f8 {d  3.6e-4; value 0  ;}
-            f9 {d  4.3e-4; value 0    ;}
-            f10  {d  5.16e-4; value 1    ;}
+            f1  {dSph  1.0e-4; value 0    ;}
+            f2  {dSph  1.2e-4; value 0    ;}
+            f3  {dSph  1.44e-4; value 0    ;}
+            f4  {dSph  1.728e-4; value 0    ;}
+            f5  {dSph  2.074e-4; value 0    ;}
+            f6  {dSph  2.49e-4; value 0    ;}
+            f7 {dSph  2.99e-4; value 0    ;}
+            f8 {dSph  3.6e-4; value 0  ;}
+            f9 {dSph  4.3e-4; value 0    ;}
+            f10  {dSph  5.16e-4; value 1    ;}
         );
     }
 
@@ -66,27 +66,27 @@ gas2
     {
         populationBalance    bubbles;
 
-        formFactor      0.5235987756;
+        shapeModel  spherical;
 
         sizeGroups
         (
-            f11 {d  6.19e-4; value 1    ;}
-            f12 {d  7.43e-4; value 0    ;}
-            f13 {d  8.92e-4; value 0    ;}
-            f14 {d  1.07e-3; value 0    ;}
-            f15 {d  1.28e-3; value 0    ;}
-            f16 {d  1.54e-3; value 0    ;}
-            f17 {d  1.85e-3; value 0    ;}
-            f18 {d  2.22e-3; value 0    ;}
-            f19 {d  2.67e-3; value 0    ;}
-            f20 {d  3.19e-3; value 0    ;}
-            f21 {d  3.85e-3; value 0    ;}
-            f22 {d  4.6e-3; value 0     ;}
-            f23 {d  5.52e-3; value 0    ;}
-            f24 {d  6.62e-3; value 0    ;}
-            f25 {d  7.95e-3; value 0    ;}
-            f26 {d  9.54e-3; value 0    ;}
-            f27 {d  1.14e-2; value 0    ;}
+            f11 {dSph  6.19e-4; value 1    ;}
+            f12 {dSph  7.43e-4; value 0    ;}
+            f13 {dSph  8.92e-4; value 0    ;}
+            f14 {dSph  1.07e-3; value 0    ;}
+            f15 {dSph  1.28e-3; value 0    ;}
+            f16 {dSph  1.54e-3; value 0    ;}
+            f17 {dSph  1.85e-3; value 0    ;}
+            f18 {dSph  2.22e-3; value 0    ;}
+            f19 {dSph  2.67e-3; value 0    ;}
+            f20 {dSph  3.19e-3; value 0    ;}
+            f21 {dSph  3.85e-3; value 0    ;}
+            f22 {dSph  4.6e-3; value 0     ;}
+            f23 {dSph  5.52e-3; value 0    ;}
+            f24 {dSph  6.62e-3; value 0    ;}
+            f25 {dSph  7.95e-3; value 0    ;}
+            f26 {dSph  9.54e-3; value 0    ;}
+            f27 {dSph  1.14e-2; value 0    ;}
         );
     }
 
diff --git a/tutorials/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/RAS/wallBoilingPolydisperseTwoGroups/system/controlDict.orig b/tutorials/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/RAS/wallBoilingPolydisperseTwoGroups/system/controlDict.orig
index ef03266d31..237d4c343e 100644
--- a/tutorials/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/RAS/wallBoilingPolydisperseTwoGroups/system/controlDict.orig
+++ b/tutorials/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/RAS/wallBoilingPolydisperseTwoGroups/system/controlDict.orig
@@ -60,10 +60,10 @@ functions
         writeControl    runTime;
         writeInterval   0.5;
         log             yes;
-        functionType    volumeDensity;
-        abszissaType    diameter;
-        selectionMode   cellZone;
-        cellZone        x349;
+        functionType    volume;
+        coordinateType  diameter;
+        regionType      cellZone;
+        name            x349;
         populationBalance bubbles;
     }
     volumeDensity_bulk.diameter.bubbles
@@ -73,10 +73,10 @@ functions
         writeControl    runTime;
         writeInterval   0.5;
         log             yes;
-        functionType    volumeDensity;
-        abszissaType    diameter;
-        selectionMode   cellZone;
-        cellZone        x349_bulk;
+        functionType    volume;
+        coordinateType  diameter;
+        regionType      cellZone;
+        name            x349_bulk;
         populationBalance bubbles;
     }
     volumeDensity_wall.diameter.bubbles
@@ -86,10 +86,10 @@ functions
         writeControl    runTime;
         writeInterval   0.5;
         log             yes;
-        functionType    volumeDensity;
-        abszissaType    diameter;
-        selectionMode   cellZone;
-        cellZone        x349_wall;
+        functionType    volume;
+        coordinateType  diameter;
+        regionType      cellZone;
+        name            x349_wall;
         populationBalance bubbles;
     }
     outflow
diff --git a/tutorials/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/laminar/bubbleColumnPolydisperse/constant/phaseProperties b/tutorials/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/laminar/bubbleColumnPolydisperse/constant/phaseProperties
index 49d7c03e53..31eaae0998 100644
--- a/tutorials/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/laminar/bubbleColumnPolydisperse/constant/phaseProperties
+++ b/tutorials/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/laminar/bubbleColumnPolydisperse/constant/phaseProperties
@@ -29,22 +29,22 @@ air1
     {
         populationBalance    bubbles;
 
-        formFactor      0.5235987756;
+        shapeModel           spherical;
 
         sizeGroups
         (
-            f0{d  1.00e-3; value 0;}
-            f1{d  1.08e-3; value 0;}
-            f2{d  1.16e-3; value 0;}
-            f3{d  1.25e-3; value 0;}
-            f4{d  1.36e-3; value 0;}
-            f5{d  1.46e-3; value 0;}
-            f6{d  1.58e-3; value 0;}
-            f7{d  1.71e-3; value 0;}
-            f8{d  1.85e-3; value 0;}
-            f9{d  2.00e-3; value 0;}
-            f10{d  2.16e-3; value 0;}
-            f11{d  2.33e-3; value 1.0;}
+            f0{dSph  1.00e-3; value 0;}
+            f1{dSph  1.08e-3; value 0;}
+            f2{dSph  1.16e-3; value 0;}
+            f3{dSph  1.25e-3; value 0;}
+            f4{dSph  1.36e-3; value 0;}
+            f5{dSph  1.46e-3; value 0;}
+            f6{dSph  1.58e-3; value 0;}
+            f7{dSph  1.71e-3; value 0;}
+            f8{dSph  1.85e-3; value 0;}
+            f9{dSph  2.00e-3; value 0;}
+            f10{dSph  2.16e-3; value 0;}
+            f11{dSph  2.33e-3; value 1.0;}
         );
     }
 
@@ -59,20 +59,20 @@ air2
     {
         populationBalance    bubbles;
 
-        formFactor      0.5235987756;
+        shapeModel           spherical;
 
         sizeGroups
         (
-            f12{d  2.51e-3; value 0;}
-            f13{d  2.72e-3; value 0.25;}
-            f14{d  2.93e-3; value 0.5;}
-            f15{d  3.17e-3; value 0.25 ;}
-            f16{d  3.42e-3; value 0;}
-            f17{d  3.70e-3; value 0;}
-            f18{d  4.00e-3; value 0;}
-            f19{d  4.32e-3; value 0;}
-            f20{d  4.66e-3; value 0;}
-            f21{d  5.03e-3; value 0;}
+            f12{dSph  2.51e-3; value 0;}
+            f13{dSph  2.72e-3; value 0.25;}
+            f14{dSph  2.93e-3; value 0.5;}
+            f15{dSph  3.17e-3; value 0.25 ;}
+            f16{dSph  3.42e-3; value 0;}
+            f17{dSph  3.70e-3; value 0;}
+            f18{dSph  4.00e-3; value 0;}
+            f19{dSph  4.32e-3; value 0;}
+            f20{dSph  4.66e-3; value 0;}
+            f21{dSph  5.03e-3; value 0;}
         );
     }
 
diff --git a/tutorials/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/laminar/bubbleColumnPolydisperse/system/controlDict b/tutorials/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/laminar/bubbleColumnPolydisperse/system/controlDict
index c96015342c..624ce2770d 100644
--- a/tutorials/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/laminar/bubbleColumnPolydisperse/system/controlDict
+++ b/tutorials/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/laminar/bubbleColumnPolydisperse/system/controlDict
@@ -104,20 +104,21 @@ functions
         );
     }
 
-    numberDensity.diameter.bubbles
+
+    numberDensity
     {
         type                sizeDistribution;
         functionObjectLibs  ("libreactingEulerFoamFunctionObjects.so");
 
-        writeControl        runTime;
-        writeInterval       10;
-        log                 yes;
+        writeControl        outputTime;
+        writeInterval       1;
 
-        functionType        numberDensity;
-        abszissaType        diameter;
-        selectionMode       cellZone;
-        cellZone            zone;
         populationBalance   bubbles;
+        regionType          cellZone;
+        name                zone;
+        functionType        number;
+        coordinateType      diameter;
+        densityFunction     yes;
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/tutorials/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/laminar/bubbleColumnPolydisperse/system/fvSolution b/tutorials/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/laminar/bubbleColumnPolydisperse/system/fvSolution
index b654238da4..3958fede5c 100644
--- a/tutorials/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/laminar/bubbleColumnPolydisperse/system/fvSolution
+++ b/tutorials/multiphase/reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam/laminar/bubbleColumnPolydisperse/system/fvSolution
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ solvers
         nCorr                1;
         tolerance            1e-4;
         scale                true;
+        sourceUpdateInterval 1;
         solveOnFinalIterOnly true;
     }
 
diff --git a/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/RAS/bubbleColumnPolydisperse/constant/phaseProperties b/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/RAS/bubbleColumnPolydisperse/constant/phaseProperties
index e0e02f0faa..e7de6e44b3 100644
--- a/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/RAS/bubbleColumnPolydisperse/constant/phaseProperties
+++ b/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/RAS/bubbleColumnPolydisperse/constant/phaseProperties
@@ -29,32 +29,32 @@ air
     {
         populationBalance    bubbles;
 
-        formFactor      0.5235987756;
+        shapeModel           spherical;
 
         sizeGroups
         (
-            f0{d  1.00e-3; value 0;}
-            f1{d  1.08e-3; value 0;}
-            f2{d  1.16e-3; value 0;}
-            f3{d  1.25e-3; value 0;}
-            f4{d  1.36e-3; value 0;}
-            f5{d  1.46e-3; value 0;}
-            f6{d  1.58e-3; value 0;}
-            f7{d  1.71e-3; value 0;}
-            f8{d  1.85e-3; value 0;}
-            f9{d  2.00e-3; value 0;}
-            f10{d  2.16e-3; value 0;}
-            f11{d  2.33e-3; value 0;}
-            f12{d  2.51e-3; value 0;}
-            f13{d  2.72e-3; value 0.25;}
-            f14{d  2.93e-3; value 0.5;}
-            f15{d  3.17e-3; value 0.25 ;}
-            f16{d  3.42e-3; value 0;}
-            f17{d  3.70e-3; value 0;}
-            f18{d  4.00e-3; value 0;}
-            f19{d  4.32e-3; value 0;}
-            f20{d  4.66e-3; value 0;}
-            f21{d  5.03e-3; value 0;}
+            f0{dSph  1.00e-3; value 0;}
+            f1{dSph  1.08e-3; value 0;}
+            f2{dSph  1.16e-3; value 0;}
+            f3{dSph  1.25e-3; value 0;}
+            f4{dSph  1.36e-3; value 0;}
+            f5{dSph  1.46e-3; value 0;}
+            f6{dSph  1.58e-3; value 0;}
+            f7{dSph  1.71e-3; value 0;}
+            f8{dSph  1.85e-3; value 0;}
+            f9{dSph  2.00e-3; value 0;}
+            f10{dSph  2.16e-3; value 0;}
+            f11{dSph  2.33e-3; value 0;}
+            f12{dSph  2.51e-3; value 0;}
+            f13{dSph  2.72e-3; value 0.25;}
+            f14{dSph  2.93e-3; value 0.5;}
+            f15{dSph  3.17e-3; value 0.25 ;}
+            f16{dSph  3.42e-3; value 0;}
+            f17{dSph  3.70e-3; value 0;}
+            f18{dSph  4.00e-3; value 0;}
+            f19{dSph  4.32e-3; value 0;}
+            f20{dSph  4.66e-3; value 0;}
+            f21{dSph  5.03e-3; value 0;}
         );
     }
 
diff --git a/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/RAS/bubbleColumnPolydisperse/system/controlDict b/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/RAS/bubbleColumnPolydisperse/system/controlDict
index 11c4669d76..5adbbd9a25 100644
--- a/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/RAS/bubbleColumnPolydisperse/system/controlDict
+++ b/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/RAS/bubbleColumnPolydisperse/system/controlDict
@@ -90,20 +90,20 @@ functions
         );
     }
 
-    numberDensity.diameter.bubbles
+    numberDensity
     {
         type                sizeDistribution;
         functionObjectLibs  ("libreactingEulerFoamFunctionObjects.so");
 
-        writeControl        runTime;
-        writeInterval       10;
-        log                 yes;
+        writeControl        outputTime;
+        writeInterval       1;
 
-        functionType        numberDensity;
-        abszissaType        diameter;
-        selectionMode       cellZone;
-        cellZone            zone;
         populationBalance   bubbles;
+        regionType          cellZone;
+        name                zone;
+        functionType        number;
+        coordinateType      diameter;
+        densityFunction     yes;
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/RAS/bubbleColumnPolydisperse/system/fvSolution b/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/RAS/bubbleColumnPolydisperse/system/fvSolution
index 4df544e655..d91095e200 100644
--- a/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/RAS/bubbleColumnPolydisperse/system/fvSolution
+++ b/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/RAS/bubbleColumnPolydisperse/system/fvSolution
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ solvers
         nCorr                1;
         tolerance            1e-4;
         scale                true;
+        sourceUpdateInterval 1;
         solveOnFinalIterOnly true;
     }
 
diff --git a/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/RAS/wallBoilingPolydisperse/constant/phaseProperties b/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/RAS/wallBoilingPolydisperse/constant/phaseProperties
index a4dd2318b6..f4504456bd 100644
--- a/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/RAS/wallBoilingPolydisperse/constant/phaseProperties
+++ b/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/RAS/wallBoilingPolydisperse/constant/phaseProperties
@@ -32,37 +32,37 @@ gas
     {
         populationBalance    bubbles;
 
-        formFactor      0.5235987756;
+        shapeModel           spherical;
 
         sizeGroups
         (
-            f1  {d  1.0e-4; value 0    ;}
-            f2  {d  1.2e-4; value 0    ;}
-            f3  {d  1.44e-4; value 0    ;}
-            f4  {d  1.728e-4; value 0    ;}
-            f5  {d  2.074e-4; value 0    ;}
-            f6  {d  2.49e-4; value 0    ;}
-            f7 {d  2.99e-4; value 0    ;}
-            f8 {d  3.6e-4; value 1.0  ;}
-            f9 {d  4.3e-4; value 0    ;}
-            f10 {d  5.16e-4; value 0    ;}
-            f11 {d  6.19e-4; value 0    ;}
-            f12 {d  7.43e-4; value 0    ;}
-            f13 {d  8.92e-4; value 0    ;}
-            f14 {d  1.07e-3; value 0    ;}
-            f15 {d  1.28e-3; value 0    ;}
-            f16 {d  1.54e-3; value 0    ;}
-            f17 {d  1.85e-3; value 0    ;}
-            f18 {d  2.22e-3; value 0    ;}
-            f19 {d  2.67e-3; value 0    ;}
-            f20 {d  3.19e-3; value 0    ;}
-            f21 {d  3.85e-3; value 0    ;}
-            f22 {d  4.6e-3; value 0     ;}
-            f23 {d  5.52e-3; value 0    ;}
-            f24 {d  6.62e-3; value 0    ;}
-            f25 {d  7.95e-3; value 0    ;}
-            f26 {d  9.54e-3; value 0    ;}
-            f27 {d  1.14e-2; value 0    ;}
+            f1  {dSph  1.0e-4; value 0    ;}
+            f2  {dSph  1.2e-4; value 0    ;}
+            f3  {dSph  1.44e-4; value 0    ;}
+            f4  {dSph  1.728e-4; value 0    ;}
+            f5  {dSph  2.074e-4; value 0    ;}
+            f6  {dSph  2.49e-4; value 0    ;}
+            f7 {dSph  2.99e-4; value 0    ;}
+            f8 {dSph  3.6e-4; value 1.0  ;}
+            f9 {dSph  4.3e-4; value 0    ;}
+            f10 {dSph  5.16e-4; value 0    ;}
+            f11 {dSph  6.19e-4; value 0    ;}
+            f12 {dSph  7.43e-4; value 0    ;}
+            f13 {dSph  8.92e-4; value 0    ;}
+            f14 {dSph  1.07e-3; value 0    ;}
+            f15 {dSph  1.28e-3; value 0    ;}
+            f16 {dSph  1.54e-3; value 0    ;}
+            f17 {dSph  1.85e-3; value 0    ;}
+            f18 {dSph  2.22e-3; value 0    ;}
+            f19 {dSph  2.67e-3; value 0    ;}
+            f20 {dSph  3.19e-3; value 0    ;}
+            f21 {dSph  3.85e-3; value 0    ;}
+            f22 {dSph  4.6e-3; value 0     ;}
+            f23 {dSph  5.52e-3; value 0    ;}
+            f24 {dSph  6.62e-3; value 0    ;}
+            f25 {dSph  7.95e-3; value 0    ;}
+            f26 {dSph  9.54e-3; value 0    ;}
+            f27 {dSph  1.14e-2; value 0    ;}
         );
     }
 
diff --git a/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/RAS/wallBoilingPolydisperse/system/controlDict.orig b/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/RAS/wallBoilingPolydisperse/system/controlDict.orig
index 0bfb5878f3..11f80d6be2 100644
--- a/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/RAS/wallBoilingPolydisperse/system/controlDict.orig
+++ b/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/RAS/wallBoilingPolydisperse/system/controlDict.orig
@@ -60,10 +60,10 @@ functions
         writeControl    runTime;
         writeInterval   0.5;
         log             yes;
-        functionType    volumeDensity;
-        abszissaType    diameter;
-        selectionMode   cellZone;
-        cellZone        x349;
+        functionType    volume;
+        coordinateType  diameter;
+        regionType      cellZone;
+        name            x349;
         populationBalance bubbles;
     }
     volumeDensity_bulk.diameter.bubbles
@@ -73,10 +73,10 @@ functions
         writeControl    runTime;
         writeInterval   0.5;
         log             yes;
-        functionType    volumeDensity;
-        abszissaType    diameter;
-        selectionMode   cellZone;
-        cellZone        x349_bulk;
+        functionType    volume;
+        coordinateType  diameter;
+        regionType      cellZone;
+        name            x349_bulk;
         populationBalance bubbles;
     }
     volumeDensity_wall.diameter.bubbles
@@ -86,10 +86,10 @@ functions
         writeControl    runTime;
         writeInterval   0.5;
         log             yes;
-        functionType    volumeDensity;
-        abszissaType    diameter;
-        selectionMode   cellZone;
-        cellZone        x349_wall;
+        functionType    volume;
+        coordinateType  diameter;
+        regionType      cellZone;
+        name            x349_wall;
         populationBalance bubbles;
     }
     outflow
diff --git a/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/0/Ar.vapor.orig b/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/0/Ar.vapor.orig
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f711112450
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/0/Ar.vapor.orig
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
+    \\  /    A nd           | Version:  dev
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+    version     2.0;
+    format      ascii;
+    class       volScalarField;
+    object      Ar.vapor;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+dimensions      [0 0 0 0 0 0 0];
+
+internalField   uniform 9.759118E-01;
+
+boundaryField
+{
+    #includeEtc "caseDicts/setConstraintTypes"
+
+    inlet
+    {
+        type            fixedValue;
+        value           uniform 9.759118E-01;
+    }
+
+    outlet
+    {
+        type            zeroGradient;
+    }
+
+    wall
+    {
+        type            zeroGradient;
+    }
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/0/Cl2.vapor.orig b/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/0/Cl2.vapor.orig
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..926c2a822d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/0/Cl2.vapor.orig
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
+    \\  /    A nd           | Version:  dev
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+    version     2.0;
+    format      ascii;
+    class       volScalarField;
+    object      Cl2.vapor;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+dimensions      [0 0 0 0 0 0 0];
+
+internalField   uniform 0.0;
+
+boundaryField
+{
+    #includeEtc "caseDicts/setConstraintTypes"
+
+    inlet
+    {
+        type            fixedValue;
+        value           uniform 0.0;
+    }
+
+    outlet
+    {
+        type            zeroGradient;
+    }
+
+    wall
+    {
+        type            zeroGradient;
+    }
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/0/N2.vapor.orig b/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/0/N2.vapor.orig
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..42c6c4e2af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/0/N2.vapor.orig
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
+    \\  /    A nd           | Version:  dev
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+    version     2.0;
+    format      ascii;
+    class       volScalarField;
+    object      N2.vapor;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+dimensions      [0 0 0 0 0 0 0];
+
+internalField   uniform 0.0;
+
+boundaryField
+{
+    #includeEtc "caseDicts/setConstraintTypes"
+
+    inlet
+    {
+        type            fixedValue;
+        value           uniform 0.0;
+    }
+
+    outlet
+    {
+        type            zeroGradient;
+    }
+
+    wall
+    {
+        type            zeroGradient;
+    }
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/0/O2.vapor.orig b/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/0/O2.vapor.orig
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..84fc9f98cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/0/O2.vapor.orig
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
+    \\  /    A nd           | Version:  dev
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+    version     2.0;
+    format      ascii;
+    class       volScalarField;
+    object      O2.vapor;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+dimensions      [0 0 0 0 0 0 0];
+
+internalField   uniform 1.551577E-02;
+
+boundaryField
+{
+    #includeEtc "caseDicts/setConstraintTypes"
+
+    inlet
+    {
+        type            fixedValue;
+        value           uniform 1.551577E-02;
+    }
+
+    outlet
+    {
+        type            zeroGradient;
+    }
+
+    wall
+    {
+        type            zeroGradient;
+    }
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/0/T.particles b/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/0/T.particles
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a2a3f0feda
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/0/T.particles
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
+    \\  /    A nd           | Version:  dev
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+    version     2.0;
+    format      ascii;
+    class       volScalarField;
+    object      T.particles;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+dimensions      [0 0 0 1 0 0 0];
+
+internalField   uniform 296;
+
+boundaryField
+{
+    #includeEtc "caseDicts/setConstraintTypes"
+
+    inlet
+    {
+        type                fixedValue;
+        value               uniform 296;
+    }
+
+    outlet
+    {
+        type            zeroGradient;
+    }
+
+    wall
+    {
+        type            fixedProfile;
+        profile         csvFile;
+
+        profileCoeffs
+        {
+            nHeaderLine         0;          // Number of header lines
+            refColumn           0;          // Reference column index
+            componentColumns    (1);        // Component column indices
+            separator           " ";        // Optional (defaults to ",")
+            mergeSeparators     yes;        // Merge multiple separators
+            outOfBounds         clamp;      // Optional out-of-bounds handling
+            file                "validation/exptData/wallTemperature";
+            interpolationScheme linear;     // Optional interpolation scheme
+        }
+        direction        (1 0 0);
+        origin           0;
+    }
+}
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/0/T.vapor b/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/0/T.vapor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ef6fff27b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/0/T.vapor
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
+    \\  /    A nd           | Version:  dev
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+    version     2.0;
+    format      ascii;
+    class       volScalarField;
+    object      T.vapor;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+dimensions      [0 0 0 1 0 0 0];
+
+internalField   uniform 296;
+
+boundaryField
+{
+    #includeEtc "caseDicts/setConstraintTypes"
+
+    inlet
+    {
+        type                fixedValue;
+        value               uniform 296;
+    }
+
+    outlet
+    {
+        type            zeroGradient;
+    }
+
+    wall
+    {
+        type            fixedProfile;
+        profile         csvFile;
+
+        profileCoeffs
+        {
+            nHeaderLine         0;          // Number of header lines
+            refColumn           0;          // Reference column index
+            componentColumns    (1);        // Component column indices
+            separator           " ";        // Optional (defaults to ",")
+            mergeSeparators     yes;        // Merge multiple separators
+            outOfBounds         clamp;      // Optional out-of-bounds handling
+            file                "validation/exptData/wallTemperature";
+            interpolationScheme linear;     // Optional interpolation scheme
+        }
+        direction        (1 0 0);
+        origin           0;
+    }
+}
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/0/TiCl4.vapor.orig b/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/0/TiCl4.vapor.orig
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..072aaa8cdf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/0/TiCl4.vapor.orig
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
+    \\  /    A nd           | Version:  dev
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+    version     2.0;
+    format      ascii;
+    class       volScalarField;
+    object      TiCl4.vapor;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+dimensions      [0 0 0 0 0 0 0];
+
+internalField   uniform 8.572434E-03;
+
+boundaryField
+{
+    #includeEtc "caseDicts/setConstraintTypes"
+
+    inlet
+    {
+        type            fixedValue;
+        value           uniform 8.572434E-03;
+    }
+
+    outlet
+    {
+        type            zeroGradient;
+    }
+
+    wall
+    {
+        type            zeroGradient;
+    }
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/0/TiO2.particles.orig b/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/0/TiO2.particles.orig
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..abaef2da20
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/0/TiO2.particles.orig
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
+    \\  /    A nd           | Version:  dev
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+    version     2.0;
+    format      ascii;
+    class       volScalarField;
+    object      TiO2.particles;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+dimensions      [0 0 0 0 0 0 0];
+
+internalField   uniform 1.0;
+
+boundaryField
+{
+    #includeEtc "caseDicts/setConstraintTypes"
+
+    inlet
+    {
+        type            fixedValue;
+        value           uniform 1.0;
+    }
+
+    outlet
+    {
+        type            zeroGradient;
+    }
+
+    wall
+    {
+        type            zeroGradient;
+    }
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/0/TiO2.vapor.orig b/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/0/TiO2.vapor.orig
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..63feaff7db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/0/TiO2.vapor.orig
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
+    \\  /    A nd           | Version:  dev
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+    version     2.0;
+    format      ascii;
+    class       volScalarField;
+    object      TiO2.vapor;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+dimensions      [0 0 0 0 0 0 0];
+
+internalField   uniform 0.0;
+
+boundaryField
+{
+    #includeEtc "caseDicts/setConstraintTypes"
+
+    inlet
+    {
+        type            fixedValue;
+        value           uniform 0.0;
+    }
+
+    outlet
+    {
+        type            zeroGradient;
+    }
+
+    wall
+    {
+        type            zeroGradient;
+    }
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/0/U.particles b/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/0/U.particles
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6b3ad6b914
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/0/U.particles
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
+    \\  /    A nd           | Version:  dev
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+    version     2.0;
+    format      ascii;
+    class       volVectorField;
+    object      U.particles;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+dimensions      [0 1 -1 0 0 0 0];
+
+internalField   uniform (0 0 0);
+
+boundaryField
+{
+    #includeEtc "caseDicts/setConstraintTypes"
+
+    inlet
+    {
+        type            zeroGradient;
+    }
+
+    outlet
+    {
+        type            zeroGradient;
+    }
+
+    wall
+    {
+        type            slip;
+    }
+}
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/0/U.vapor b/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/0/U.vapor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6744daa6e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/0/U.vapor
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
+    \\  /    A nd           | Version:  dev
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+    version     2.0;
+    format      ascii;
+    class       volVectorField;
+    object      U.vapor;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+dimensions      [0 1 -1 0 0 0 0];
+
+internalField   uniform (0 0 0);
+
+boundaryField
+{
+    #includeEtc "caseDicts/setConstraintTypes"
+
+    inlet
+    {
+        type            flowRateInletVelocity;
+        massFlowRate    2.173893E-07;
+        rho             thermo:rho.vapor;
+        value           $internalField;
+    }
+
+    outlet
+    {
+        type            zeroGradient;
+    }
+
+    wall
+    {
+        type            slip;
+    }
+}
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/0/alpha.particles.orig b/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/0/alpha.particles.orig
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..30c3141187
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/0/alpha.particles.orig
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
+    \\  /    A nd           | Version:  dev
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+    version     2.0;
+    format      ascii;
+    class       volScalarField;
+    object      alpha.particles;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+dimensions      [0 0 0 0 0 0 0];
+
+internalField   uniform 0;
+
+boundaryField
+{
+    #includeEtc "caseDicts/setConstraintTypes"
+
+    inlet
+    {
+        type            fixedValue;
+        value           uniform 0;
+    }
+
+    outlet
+    {
+        type            zeroGradient;
+    }
+
+    wall
+    {
+        type            zeroGradient;
+    }
+}
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/0/alpha.vapor.orig b/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/0/alpha.vapor.orig
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9a896156d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/0/alpha.vapor.orig
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
+    \\  /    A nd           | Version:  dev
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+    version     2.0;
+    format      ascii;
+    class       volScalarField;
+    object      alpha.particles;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+dimensions      [0 0 0 0 0 0 0];
+
+internalField   uniform 1.0;
+
+boundaryField
+{
+    #includeEtc "caseDicts/setConstraintTypes"
+
+    inlet
+    {
+        type            fixedValue;
+        value           uniform 1.0;
+    }
+
+    outlet
+    {
+        type            zeroGradient;
+    }
+
+    wall
+    {
+        type            zeroGradient;
+    }
+}
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/0/f.particles.aggregates b/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/0/f.particles.aggregates
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..203f0db6d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/0/f.particles.aggregates
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
+    \\  /    A nd           | Version:  dev
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+    version     2.0;
+    format      ascii;
+    class       volScalarField;
+    object      f.particles.aggregates;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+dimensions      [0 0 0 0 0 0 0];
+
+internalField   uniform 1.0;
+
+boundaryField
+{
+    #includeEtc "caseDicts/setConstraintTypes"
+
+    inlet
+    {
+        type            fixedValue;
+        value           uniform 1.0;
+    }
+
+    outlet
+    {
+        type            zeroGradient;
+    }
+
+    wall
+    {
+        type            zeroGradient;
+    }
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/0/p b/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/0/p
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c128945900
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/0/p
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
+    \\  /    A nd           | Version:  dev
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+    version     2.0;
+    format      ascii;
+    class       volScalarField;
+    object      p;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+dimensions      [1 -1 -2 0 0 0 0];
+
+internalField   uniform 1e5;
+
+boundaryField
+{
+    #includeEtc "caseDicts/setConstraintTypes"
+
+    inlet
+    {
+        type            calculated;
+        value           $internalField;
+    }
+
+    outlet
+    {
+        type            calculated;
+        value           $internalField;
+    }
+
+    wall
+    {
+        type            calculated;
+        value           $internalField;
+    }
+}
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/0/p_rgh b/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/0/p_rgh
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d0dd2b2122
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/0/p_rgh
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
+    \\  /    A nd           | Version:  dev
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+    version     2.0;
+    format      ascii;
+    class       volScalarField;
+    object      p_rgh;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+dimensions      [1 -1 -2 0 0 0 0];
+
+internalField   uniform 1e5;
+
+boundaryField
+{
+    #includeEtc "caseDicts/setConstraintTypes"
+
+    inlet
+    {
+        type            fixedFluxPressure;
+        value           $internalField;
+    }
+
+    outlet
+    {
+        type            prghTotalPressure;
+        U               U.vapor;
+        rho             thermo:rho.vapor;
+        p0              uniform 1e5;
+        value           $internalField;
+    }
+
+    wall
+    {
+        type            fixedFluxPressure;
+        value           $internalField;
+    }
+}
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/Allrun b/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/Allrun
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..3fdf02afb1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/Allrun
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+cd ${0%/*} || exit 1    # run from this directory
+
+# Source tutorial run functions
+. $WM_PROJECT_DIR/bin/tools/RunFunctions
+
+# Set application name
+application=$(getApplication)
+
+m4 system/blockMeshDict.m4 > system/blockMeshDict
+runApplication blockMesh
+runApplication topoSet
+runApplication $application
+
+( cd validation && ./createGraphs )
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/constant/chemistryProperties.vapor b/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/constant/chemistryProperties.vapor
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..d726e3d637
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/constant/chemistryProperties.vapor
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
+    \\  /    A nd           | Version:  dev
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+    version     2.0;
+    format      ascii;
+    class       dictionary;
+    location    "constant";
+    object      chemistryProperties.gas;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+chemistryType
+{
+    solver  EulerImplicit;
+}
+
+chemistry   on;
+
+initialChemicalTimeStep 1e-07;
+
+EulerImplicitCoeffs
+{
+    cTauChem                1;
+    equilibriumRateLimiter  off;
+}
+
+odeCoeffs
+{
+    solver      Rosenbrock43;
+    absTol      1e-8;
+    relTol      0.01;
+}
+
+#include "reactions.vapor"
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/constant/combustionProperties.vapor b/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/constant/combustionProperties.vapor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..47c1783d57
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/constant/combustionProperties.vapor
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
+    \\  /    A nd           | Version:  dev
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+    version     2.0;
+    format      ascii;
+    class       dictionary;
+    location    "constant";
+    object      combustionProperties.vapor;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+combustionModel  laminar;
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/constant/g b/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/constant/g
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0577d07b8c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/constant/g
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
+    \\  /    A nd           | Version:  dev
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+    version     2.0;
+    format      ascii;
+    class       uniformDimensionedVectorField;
+    location    "constant";
+    object      g;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+dimensions      [0 1 -2 0 0 0 0];
+
+value           (0 0 0);
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/constant/phaseProperties b/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/constant/phaseProperties
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b44f84a0ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/constant/phaseProperties
@@ -0,0 +1,207 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
+    \\  /    A nd           | Version:  dev
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+    version     2.0;
+    format      ascii;
+    class       dictionary;
+    location    "constant";
+    object      phaseProperties;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+type populationBalanceTwoPhaseSystem;
+
+phases (particles vapor);
+
+populationBalances (aggregates);
+
+particles
+{
+    type            multiComponentPhaseModel;
+
+    diameterModel   velocityGroup;
+
+    velocityGroupCoeffs
+    {
+        populationBalance   aggregates;
+
+        shapeModel          fractal;
+
+        fractalCoeffs
+        {
+            sinteringModel  KochFriedlander;
+
+            KochFriedlanderCoeffs
+            {
+                Cs 8.3e24;
+                n  4.0;
+                m  1.0;
+                Ta 3700.0;
+            }
+        }
+
+        sizeGroups
+        (
+            f01{dSph 4.000E-10; value 1.0; kappa 1.5E+10; Df 1.8; alphaC 1;}
+            f02{dSph 5.769E-10; value 0.0; kappa 1.5E+10; Df 1.8; alphaC 1;}
+            f03{dSph 8.320E-10; value 0.0; kappa 1.5E+10; Df 1.8; alphaC 1;}
+            f04{dSph 1.200E-09; value 0.0; kappa 1.5E+10; Df 1.8; alphaC 1;}
+            f05{dSph 1.731E-09; value 0.0; kappa 1.5E+10; Df 1.8; alphaC 1;}
+            f06{dSph 2.496E-09; value 0.0; kappa 1.5E+10; Df 1.8; alphaC 1;}
+            f07{dSph 3.600E-09; value 0.0; kappa 1.5E+10; Df 1.8; alphaC 1;}
+            f08{dSph 5.192E-09; value 0.0; kappa 1.5E+10; Df 1.8; alphaC 1;}
+            f09{dSph 7.488E-09; value 0.0; kappa 1.5E+10; Df 1.8; alphaC 1;}
+            f10{dSph 1.080E-08; value 0.0; kappa 1.5E+10; Df 1.8; alphaC 1;}
+            f11{dSph 1.558E-08; value 0.0; kappa 1.5E+10; Df 1.8; alphaC 1;}
+            f12{dSph 2.246E-08; value 0.0; kappa 1.5E+10; Df 1.8; alphaC 1;}
+            f13{dSph 3.240E-08; value 0.0; kappa 1.5E+10; Df 1.8; alphaC 1;}
+            f14{dSph 4.673E-08; value 0.0; kappa 1.5E+10; Df 1.8; alphaC 1;}
+            f15{dSph 6.739E-08; value 0.0; kappa 1.5E+10; Df 1.8; alphaC 1;}
+            f16{dSph 9.720E-08; value 0.0; kappa 1.5E+10; Df 1.8; alphaC 1;}
+            f17{dSph 1.402E-07; value 0.0; kappa 1.5E+10; Df 1.8; alphaC 1;}
+            f18{dSph 2.022E-07; value 0.0; kappa 1.5E+10; Df 1.8; alphaC 1;}
+            f19{dSph 2.916E-07; value 0.0; kappa 1.5E+10; Df 1.8; alphaC 1;}
+            f20{dSph 4.206E-07; value 0.0; kappa 1.5E+10; Df 1.8; alphaC 1;}
+            f21{dSph 6.066E-07; value 0.0; kappa 1.5E+10; Df 1.8; alphaC 1;}
+            f22{dSph 8.748E-07; value 0.0; kappa 1.5E+10; Df 1.8; alphaC 1;}
+            f23{dSph 1.262E-06; value 0.0; kappa 1.5E+10; Df 1.8; alphaC 1;}
+            f24{dSph 1.820E-06; value 0.0; kappa 1.5E+10; Df 1.8; alphaC 1;}
+            f25{dSph 2.624E-06; value 0.0; kappa 1.5E+10; Df 1.8; alphaC 1;}
+            f26{dSph 3.785E-06; value 0.0; kappa 1.5E+10; Df 1.8; alphaC 1;}
+            f27{dSph 5.459E-06; value 0.0; kappa 1.5E+10; Df 1.8; alphaC 1;}
+            f28{dSph 7.873E-06; value 0.0; kappa 1.5E+10; Df 1.8; alphaC 1;}
+            f29{dSph 1.136E-05; value 0.0; kappa 1.5E+10; Df 1.8; alphaC 1;}
+        );
+    }
+
+    Sct             1.0;
+
+    residualAlpha   1e-15;
+}
+
+vapor
+{
+    type            reactingPhaseModel;
+
+    diameterModel   constant;
+    constantCoeffs
+    {
+        d           1;
+    }
+
+    Sct             1.0;
+
+    residualAlpha   1e-5;
+}
+
+populationBalanceCoeffs
+{
+    aggregates
+    {
+        continuousPhase vapor;
+
+        coalescenceModels
+        (
+            DahnekeInterpolation{}
+        );
+
+        binaryBreakupModels
+        ();
+
+        breakupModels
+        ();
+
+        driftModels
+        ();
+
+        nucleationModels
+        (
+            reactionDriven
+            {
+                nucleationDiameter  4E-10;
+                velocityGroup       particles;
+                reactingPhase       vapor;
+                specie              TiO2;
+            }
+        );
+    }
+}
+
+blending
+{
+    default
+    {
+        type            none;
+        continuousPhase vapor;
+    }
+}
+
+interfaceCompression
+();
+
+surfaceTension
+();
+
+aspectRatio
+();
+
+drag
+(
+    (particles in vapor)
+    {
+        type            timeScaleFiltered;
+        minRelaxTime    1e-4;
+
+        dragModel
+        {
+            type            aerosolDrag;
+
+            swarmCorrection
+            {
+                type    none;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+);
+
+virtualMass
+();
+
+heatTransfer
+(
+    (particles in vapor)
+    {
+        type            timeScaleFiltered;
+        minRelaxTime    1e-4;
+
+        heatTransferModel
+        {
+            type            constantNu;
+            Nu              1;
+        }
+    }
+);
+
+phaseTransfer
+();
+
+lift
+();
+
+wallLubrication
+();
+
+turbulentDispersion
+();
+
+// Minimum allowable pressure
+pMin            10000;
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/constant/reactions.vapor b/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/constant/reactions.vapor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c83e8dda91
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/constant/reactions.vapor
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
+    \\  /    A nd           | Version:  dev
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+Reference:
+    Akhtar, M. K., Xiong, Y., & Pratsinis, S. E. (1991).
+    Vapor synthesis of titania powder by titanium tetrachloride oxidation.
+    AIChE Journal, 37(10), 1561-1570.
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+    version     2.0;
+    format      ascii;
+    class       dictionary;
+    location    "constant";
+    object      reactions.vapor;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+reactions
+{
+    oxidation
+    {
+        type        irreversibleArrheniusReaction;
+
+        reaction    "O2^0 + TiCl4 = TiO2 + 2Cl2";
+
+        A           8.29e4;
+        beta        0.0;
+        Ta          10680;
+    }
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/constant/thermo.vapor b/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/constant/thermo.vapor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..076d9304b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/constant/thermo.vapor
@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
+    \\  /    A nd           | Version:  dev
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+    version     2.0;
+    format      ascii;
+    class       dictionary;
+    location    "constant";
+    object      thermo.vapor;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+species
+(
+    O2
+    TiCl4
+    TiO2
+    Cl2
+    Ar
+    N2
+);
+
+Ar
+{
+    specie
+    {
+        molWeight   39.948;
+    }
+    thermodynamics
+    {
+        Tlow            200;
+        Thigh           6000;
+        Tcommon         1000;
+        highCpCoeffs    ( 2.50000000e+00 0.00000000e+00 0.00000000e+00 0.00000000e+00 0.00000000e+00 -7.4537500e+02 4.37967491e+00 );
+        lowCpCoeffs     ( 2.50000000e+00 0.00000000e+00 0.00000000e+00 0.00000000e+00 0.00000000e+00 -7.4537500e+02 4.37967491e+00 );
+    }
+    transport
+    {
+        As          2.038169524e-06;
+        Ts          165;
+    }
+}
+
+N2
+{
+    specie
+    {
+        molWeight   28.0134;
+    }
+    thermodynamics
+    {
+        Tlow            0;
+        Thigh           5000;
+        Tcommon         1000;
+        highCpCoeffs    ( 2.92664 0.00148798 -5.68476e-07 1.0097e-10 -6.75335e-15 -922.798 5.98053 );
+        lowCpCoeffs     ( 3.29868 0.00140824 -3.96322e-06 5.64152e-09 -2.44485e-12 -1020.9 3.95037 );
+    }
+    transport
+    {
+        As          1.406732195e-06;
+        Ts          111;
+    }
+}
+
+O2
+{
+    specie
+    {
+        molWeight   31.99825;
+    }
+    thermodynamics
+    {
+        Tlow            200;
+        Thigh           6000;
+        Tcommon         1000;
+        highCpCoeffs    ( 3.66096083e+00 6.56365523e-04 -1.41149485e-07 2.05797658e-11 -1.29913248e-15 -1.21597725e+03 3.41536184e+00 );
+        lowCpCoeffs     ( 3.78245636e+00 -2.99673415e-03 9.84730200e-06 -9.68129508e-09 3.24372836e-12 -1.06394356e+03 3.65767573e+00 );
+    }
+    transport
+    {
+        As          1.6934113e-06;
+        Ts          127;
+    }
+}
+
+
+TiCl4
+{
+    specie
+    {
+        molWeight   189.6908;
+    }
+    thermodynamics
+    {
+        Tlow            280;
+        Thigh           5000;
+        Tcommon         1000;
+        highCpCoeffs    ( 1.71426430e+01 1.09370870e-03 -1.06903110e-09 2.66167570e-13 -2.27944800e-17 -1.01880270e+05 -6.76401420e+01 );
+        lowCpCoeffs     ( 1.70660420e+01 1.57771680e-03 -1.08703760e-06 1.03903080e-09 -3.60225300e-13 -1.01871340e+05 -6.73082280e+01 );
+    }
+    transport
+    {
+        As          1.6934113e-06; // Taken from oxygen
+        Ts          127;
+    }
+}
+
+TiO2
+{
+    specie
+    {
+        molWeight   79.87880;
+    }
+    thermodynamics
+    {
+        Tlow            280;
+        Thigh           5000;
+        Tcommon         1000;
+        highCpCoeffs    (  6.84891510e+00 4.24634610e-03 -3.00889840e-06 1.06025190e-09 -1.43795970e-13 -1.15992460e+05 -3.45141060e+01 );
+        lowCpCoeffs     ( -1.61175170e-01 3.79666600e-02 -6.51547500e-05 5.25521360e-08 -1.62000510e-11 -1.14788970e+05 -1.88740350e+00 );
+    }
+    transport
+    {
+        As          1.6934113e-06; // Taken from oxygen
+        Ts          127;
+    }
+}
+
+Cl2
+{
+    specie
+    {
+        molWeight   35.45270;
+    }
+    thermodynamics
+    {
+        Tlow            200;
+        Thigh           6000;
+        Tcommon         1000;
+        highCpCoeffs    ( 2.94658358e+00 -3.85985408e-04 1.36139388e-07 -2.17032923e-11 1.28751025e-15 1.36970327e+04 3.11330136e+00 );
+        lowCpCoeffs     ( 2.26062480e+00 1.54154399e-03 -6.80283622e-07 -1.59972975e-09 1.15416636e-12 1.38552986e+04 6.57020799e+00 );
+    }
+    transport
+    {
+        As          1.6934113e-06; // Taken from oxygen
+        Ts          127;
+    }
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/constant/thermophysicalProperties.particles b/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/constant/thermophysicalProperties.particles
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..05e52e4690
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/constant/thermophysicalProperties.particles
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
+    \\  /    A nd           | Version:  dev
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+    version     2.0;
+    format      ascii;
+    class       dictionary;
+    location    "constant";
+    object      thermophysicalProperties.particles;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+thermoType
+{
+    type            heRhoThermo;
+    mixture         multiComponentMixture;
+    transport       const;
+    thermo          janaf;
+    equationOfState rhoConst;
+    specie          specie;
+    energy          sensibleInternalEnergy;
+}
+
+species (TiO2);
+
+inertSpecie TiO2;
+
+TiO2
+{
+    specie
+    {
+        molWeight   79.87880;
+    }
+    equationOfState
+    {
+        rho         4230;
+    }
+    thermodynamics
+    {
+        Tlow            280;
+        Thigh           5000;
+        Tcommon         1000;
+        highCpCoeffs    (  6.84891510e+00 4.24634610e-03 -3.00889840e-06 1.06025190e-09 -1.43795970e-13 -1.15992460e+05 -3.45141060e+01 );
+        lowCpCoeffs     ( -1.61175170e-01 3.79666600e-02 -6.51547500e-05 5.25521360e-08 -1.62000510e-11 -1.14788970e+05 -1.88740350e+00 ); // Check heat capacities
+    }
+    transport
+    {
+        mu          1e-7;
+        Pr          8.0e-6;
+    }
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/constant/thermophysicalProperties.vapor b/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/constant/thermophysicalProperties.vapor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1a8c5f4b10
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/constant/thermophysicalProperties.vapor
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
+    \\  /    A nd           | Version:  dev
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+    version     2.0;
+    format      ascii;
+    class       dictionary;
+    location    "constant";
+    object      thermophysicalProperties.vapor;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+thermoType
+{
+    type            heRhoThermo;
+    mixture         multiComponentMixture;
+    transport       sutherland;
+    thermo          janaf;
+    equationOfState perfectGas;
+    specie          specie;
+    energy          sensibleEnthalpy;
+}
+
+inertSpecie Ar;
+
+#include "$FOAM_CASE/constant/thermo.vapor"
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/constant/turbulenceProperties.particles b/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/constant/turbulenceProperties.particles
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..49941334ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/constant/turbulenceProperties.particles
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
+    \\  /    A nd           | Version:  dev
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+    version     2.0;
+    format      ascii;
+    class       dictionary;
+    location    "constant";
+    object      turbulenceProperties.particles;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+simulationType  laminar;
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/constant/turbulenceProperties.vapor b/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/constant/turbulenceProperties.vapor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..afa9b8486c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/constant/turbulenceProperties.vapor
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
+    \\  /    A nd           | Version:  dev
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+    version     2.0;
+    format      ascii;
+    class       dictionary;
+    location    "constant";
+    object      turbulenceProperties.vapor;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+simulationType  laminar;
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/system/blockMeshDict.m4 b/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/system/blockMeshDict.m4
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e758cc467e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/system/blockMeshDict.m4
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
+    \\  /    A nd           | Version:  dev
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+    version     2.0;
+    format      ascii;
+    class       dictionary;
+    object      blockMeshDict;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+// General m4 macros
+
+changecom(//)changequote([,])
+define(calc, [esyscmd(perl -e 'print ($1)')])
+define(VCOUNT, 0)
+define(vlabel, [[// ]Vertex $1 = VCOUNT define($1, VCOUNT)define([VCOUNT], incr(VCOUNT))])
+define(pi, 3.1415926536)
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+// User-defined parameters
+
+convertToMeters 1;
+
+// Pipe radius (z-axis)
+define(radius, 0.015875)
+
+// Pipe length (x-axis)
+define(length, 0.44)
+
+// Center (wedge) angle
+define(angle, 1)
+
+// Axis origin
+define(x0, 0.0)
+define(y0, 0.0)
+define(z0, 0.0)
+
+// Number of cells
+define(nx, 220)
+define(ny, 1)
+define(nz, 16)
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+// Derived parameters
+
+define(deg,angle/2)
+define(zr,calc(z0 + (radius*cos((pi/180)*deg))))
+define(yp,calc(y0 + (radius*sin((pi/180)*deg))))
+define(ym,calc(y0 - (radius*sin((pi/180)*deg))))
+define(xl,calc(x0 + length))
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+// Parametric description
+
+vertices
+(
+    (x0 y0 z0)
+    (xl y0 z0)
+    (xl y0 z0)
+    (x0 y0 z0)
+    (x0 ym zr)
+    (xl ym zr)
+    (xl yp zr)
+    (x0 yp zr)
+);
+
+blocks
+(
+    hex (0 1 1 0 4 5 6 7) (nx ny nz) simpleGrading (1 1 1)
+);
+
+edges
+();
+
+boundary
+(
+    inlet
+    {
+        type patch;
+        faces
+        (
+            (0 4 7 0)
+        );
+    }
+    outlet
+    {
+        type patch;
+        faces
+        (
+            (1 1 6 5)
+        );
+    }
+    walls
+    {
+        type wall;
+        faces
+        (
+            (4 5 6 7)
+        );
+    }
+    front
+    {
+        type wedge;
+        faces
+        (
+            (0 1 5 4)
+        );
+    }
+    back
+    {
+        type wedge;
+        faces
+        (
+            (0 7 6 1)
+        );
+    }
+    axis
+    {
+        type empty;
+        faces
+        (
+            (0 0 1 1)
+        );
+    }
+);
+
+mergePatchPairs
+(
+);
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/system/controlDict b/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/system/controlDict
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c461bffc86
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/system/controlDict
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
+    \\  /    A nd           | Version:  dev
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+    version     2.0;
+    format      ascii;
+    class       dictionary;
+    location    "system";
+    object      controlDict;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+application     reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam;
+
+startFrom       startTime;
+
+startTime       0;
+
+stopAt          endTime;
+
+endTime         10;
+
+deltaT          1e-4;
+
+writeControl    adjustableRunTime;
+
+writeInterval   1;
+
+purgeWrite      0;
+
+writeFormat     ascii;
+
+writePrecision  9;
+
+writeCompression off;
+
+timeFormat      general;
+
+timePrecision   8;
+
+runTimeModifiable yes;
+
+adjustTimeStep  yes;
+
+maxCo           0.8;
+
+maxDeltaT       1e-3;
+
+functions
+{
+    #includeFunc        singleGraph
+
+    numberConcentration
+    {
+        type                sizeDistribution;
+        functionObjectLibs  ("libreactingEulerFoamFunctionObjects.so");
+
+        writeControl        outputTime;
+        writeInterval       1;
+        log                 yes;
+
+        regionType          cellZone;
+        name                outlet;
+
+        populationBalance   aggregates;
+        functionType        number;
+        coordinateType      projectedAreaDiameter;
+        densityFunction     yes;
+        normalize           yes;
+        geometric           yes;
+    }
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/system/fvSchemes b/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/system/fvSchemes
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..82078f77b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/system/fvSchemes
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
+    \\  /    A nd           | Version:  dev
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+    version     2.0;
+    format      ascii;
+    class       dictionary;
+    location    "system";
+    object      fvSchemes;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+ddtSchemes
+{
+    default     Euler;
+}
+
+gradSchemes
+{
+    default     Gauss linear;
+}
+
+divSchemes
+{
+    default                                 none;
+
+    "div\(phi,alpha.*\)"                    Gauss vanLeer;
+    "div\(phir,alpha.*\)"                   Gauss vanLeer;
+
+    "div\(alphaRhoPhi.*,U.*\)"              Gauss limitedLinearV 1;
+    "div\(phi.*,U.*\)"                      Gauss limitedLinearV 1;
+
+    "div\(alphaRhoPhi.*,(k|epsilon|h|e).*\)"          Gauss limitedLinear 1;
+    "div\(alphaRhoPhi.*,K.*\)"              Gauss limitedLinear 1;
+    "div\(alphaRhoPhi.*,Y.*\)"              Gauss limitedLinear 1;
+    "div\(alphaPhi.*,p\)"                   Gauss limitedLinear 1;
+
+    "div\(alphaRhoPhi.*,f.*\)"              Gauss upwind;
+    "div\(fAlphaRhoPhi.*,kappa.*\)"         Gauss limitedLinear 1;
+
+    "div\(\(\(\(alpha.*\*thermo:rho.*\)\*nuEff.*\)\*dev2\(T\(grad\(U.*\)\)\)\)\)" Gauss linear;
+}
+
+laplacianSchemes
+{
+    default     Gauss linear corrected;
+}
+
+interpolationSchemes
+{
+    default     linear;
+
+    fi          upwind alphaRhoPhi.particles;
+}
+
+snGradSchemes
+{
+    default    corrected;
+}
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/system/fvSolution b/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/system/fvSolution
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5083baa4e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/system/fvSolution
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
+    \\  /    A nd           | Version:  dev
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+    version     2.0;
+    format      ascii;
+    class       dictionary;
+    location    "system";
+    object      fvSolution;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+solvers
+{
+    "alpha.*"
+    {
+        nAlphaCorr      1;
+        nAlphaSubCycles 1;
+    }
+
+    aggregates
+    {
+        nCorr                1;
+        tolerance            1e-4;
+        scale                true;
+        sourceUpdateInterval 10;
+        solveOnFinalIterOnly false;
+    }
+
+    p_rgh
+    {
+        solver          PCG;
+        preconditioner  DIC;
+        tolerance       1e-7;
+        relTol          0;
+        maxIter         20;
+    }
+
+    p_rghFinal
+    {
+        $p_rgh;
+        relTol          0;
+    }
+
+    "(h|e).*"
+    {
+        solver          smoothSolver;
+        smoother        symGaussSeidel;
+        tolerance       1e-7;
+        relTol          0;
+        minIter         1;
+        maxIter         10;
+    }
+
+    "(k|epsilon).*"
+    {
+        solver          smoothSolver;
+        smoother        symGaussSeidel;
+        tolerance       1e-5;
+        relTol          0;
+        minIter         1;
+    }
+
+    "(Yi|f|kappa).*"
+    {
+        solver          PBiCGStab;
+        preconditioner  DILU;
+        tolerance       1e-7;
+        relTol          0;
+        residualAlpha   1e-5;
+    }
+}
+
+PIMPLE
+{
+    nOuterCorrectors    1;
+    nCorrectors         1;
+    nEnergyCorrectors   1;
+    nNonOrthogonalCorrectors 0;
+    faceMomentum        yes;
+}
+
+relaxationFactors
+{
+    equations
+    {
+        ".*"                          1.0;
+    }
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/system/singleGraph b/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/system/singleGraph
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2d4f889574
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/system/singleGraph
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
+    \\  /    A nd           | Version:  dev
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+Description
+    Writes graph data for specified fields along a line, specified by start
+    and end points.
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+start   (0 0 1e-3);
+end     (0.44 0 1e-3);
+fields
+(
+    TiCl4.vapor
+    O2.vapor
+    Cl2.vapor
+    alpha.particles
+);
+
+// Sampling and I/O settings
+#includeEtc "caseDicts/postProcessing/graphs/sampleDict.cfg"
+
+// Override settings here, e.g.
+setConfig
+{
+    type lineCell;
+    axis x;        // y, z, xyz
+}
+
+// Must be last entry
+#includeEtc "caseDicts/postProcessing/graphs/graph.cfg"
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/system/topoSetDict b/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/system/topoSetDict
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4c987f4a14
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/system/topoSetDict
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
+    \\  /    A nd           | Version:  dev
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+    version     2.0;
+    format      ascii;
+    class       dictionary;
+    object      topoSetDict;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+actions
+(
+    {
+        name    outlet;
+        type    cellSet;
+        action  new;
+        source  cylinderToCell;
+        sourceInfo
+        {
+            p1           (0.435 0 0);
+            p2           (0.44 0 0);
+            radius       0.015875;
+        }
+    }
+
+    {
+        name    outlet;
+        type    cellZoneSet;
+        action  new;
+        source  setToCellZone;
+        sourceInfo
+        {
+            set  outlet;
+        }
+    }
+);
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/validation/createGraphs b/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/validation/createGraphs
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..b8937ce2d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/validation/createGraphs
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+if ! which gnuplot > /dev/null 2>&1
+then
+    echo 'gnuplot not found - skipping graph creation' >&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+gnuplot<<EOF
+    set terminal postscript eps color enhanced font "Helvetica,20"
+    set output '../species.eps'
+
+    set xlabel 'l (m)'
+    set ylabel 'Y (-)'
+    set y2label '{/Symbol a} (-)'
+    set ytics nomirror
+    set y2tics nomirror
+    set key center
+
+    file = system("ls ../postProcessing/singleGraph/$(foamListTimes -case .. | tail -1)/*.xy")
+
+    plot file u 1:2 w l t 'TiCl4',\
+    file u 1:3 w l t 'O2',\
+    file u 1:4 w l t 'Cl2',\
+    file u 1:5 axis x1y2 w l t '{/Symbol a}_{particles}'
+EOF
+
+gnuplot<<EOF
+    set terminal postscript eps color enhanced font "Helvetica,20"
+    set output '../sizeDistribution.eps'
+
+    set xlabel 'Mobility diameter ({/Symbol m}m)'
+    set ylabel 'N_i/N_t/{/Symbol D}ln d'
+    set y2label '{/Symbol k} (m^{-1})'
+    set logscale xyy2
+    set tics format '%1.e'
+    set ytics nomirror
+    set y2tics nomirror
+    set xrange [1e-3:1]
+    set yrange [1e-3:3]
+
+    result = system("ls ../postProcessing/numberConcentration/$(foamListTimes -case .. | tail -1)/numberConcentration.dat")
+
+    plot result u (\$3/1e-6):4 w lp t 'Size distribution',\
+    result u (\$3/1e-6):(\$2/\$1) axis x1y2 w l t '{/Symbol k}',\
+    result u (\$3/1e-6):(6./((6./pi*\$1)**(1./3.))) axis x1y2 w l t '{/Symbol k} lower bound'
+EOF
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/validation/exptData/wallTemperature b/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/validation/exptData/wallTemperature
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cfc754d5bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/laminar/titaniaSynthesis/validation/exptData/wallTemperature
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+-0.21 296
+-0.187434555 302.6612223
+-0.167539267 316.935962
+-0.143455497 345.5480682
+-0.126701571 371.7970557
+-0.114136126 412.4168107
+-0.097382199 481.7279992
+-0.080628272 563.0009102
+-0.061780105 644.2654709
+-0.041884817 725.5258565
+-0.021989529 806.7862421
+0.00104712 897.6034804
+0.02408377 1005.16713
+0.043979058 1091.212205
+0.069109948 1174.844059
+0.094240838 1270.437636
+0.119371728 1327
+0.145549738 1365.926835
+0.171727749 1368.214802
+0.197905759 1370.502768
+0.22408377 1377.575424
+0.24921466 1377.475221
+0.27539267 1379.763187
+0.30052356 1382.055329
+0.32460733 1379.566956
+0.35078534 1379.462578
+0.37382199 1357.839625
+0.4 1340.988836
+0.42617801 1283.46819
+0.45026178 1180.501349
+0.476439791 1065.564435
+0.504712042 929.08807
+0.527748691 842.8718154
+0.553926702 773.389447
+0.579057592 727.8346986
+0.606282723 687.056289
+0.64921466 643.8229081
+0.692146597 610.1589051
+0.729842932 571.7310888
+0.771727749 535.6789165
+0.806282723 504.440659
+0.859685864 461.1655269
+0.906806283 429.8771679
+0.952879581 405.7700176
+1.009424084 369.6593936
+1.060732984 340.7466787
+1.12565445 316.5643762
+1.17382199 304.4105981
+1.31 296