3538462d506cec36ac20819170fa2a77ffb86812
4 Commits
| Author | SHA1 | Message | Date | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 476bb42b04 |
unitConversion: Unit conversions on all input parameters
The majority of input parameters now support automatic unit conversion.
Units are specified within square brackets, either before or after the
value. Primitive parameters (e.g., scalars, vectors, tensors, ...),
dimensioned types, fields, Function1-s and Function2-s all support unit
conversion in this way.
Unit conversion occurs on input only. OpenFOAM writes out all fields and
parameters in standard units. It is recommended to use '.orig' files in
the 0 directory to preserve user-readable input if those files are being
modified by pre-processing applications (e.g., setFields).
For example, to specify a volumetric flow rate inlet boundary in litres
per second [l/s], rather than metres-cubed per second [m^3/s], in 0/U:
boundaryField
{
inlet
{
type flowRateInletVelocity;
volumetricFlowRate 0.1 [l/s];
value $internalField;
}
...
}
Or, to specify the pressure field in bar, in 0/p:
internalField uniform 1 [bar];
Or, to convert the parameters of an Arrhenius reaction rate from a
cm-mol-kcal unit system, in constant/chemistryProperties:
reactions
{
methaneReaction
{
type irreversibleArrhenius;
reaction "CH4^0.2 + 2O2^1.3 = CO2 + 2H2O";
A 6.7e12 [(mol/cm^3)^-0.5/s];
beta 0;
Ea 48.4 [kcal/mol];
}
}
Or, to define a time-varying outlet pressure using a CSV file in which
the pressure column is in mega-pascals [MPa], in 0/p:
boundaryField
{
outlet
{
type uniformFixedValue;
value
{
type table;
format csv;
nHeaderLine 1;
units ([s] [MPa]); // <-- new units entry
columns (0 1);
mergeSeparators no;
file "data/pressure.csv";
outOfBounds clamp;
interpolationScheme linear;
}
}
...
}
(Note also that a new 'columns' entry replaces the old 'refColumn' and
'componentColumns'. This is is considered to be more intuitive, and has
a consistent syntax with the new 'units' entry. 'columns' and
'componentColumns' have been retained for backwards compatibility and
will continue to work for the time being.)
Unit definitions can be added in the global or case controlDict files.
See UnitConversions in $WM_PROJECT_DIR/etc/controlDict for examples.
Currently available units include:
Standard: kg m s K kmol A Cd
Derived: Hz N Pa J W g um mm cm km l ml us ms min hr mol
rpm bar atm kPa MPa cal kcal cSt cP % rad rot deg
A user-time unit is also provided if user-time is in operation. This
allows it to be specified locally whether a parameter relates to
real-time or to user-time. For example, to define a mass source that
ramps up from a given engine-time (in crank-angle-degrees [CAD]) over a
duration in real-time, in constant/fvModels:
massSource1
{
type massSource;
points ((1 2 3));
massFlowRate
{
type scale;
scale linearRamp;
start 20 [CAD];
duration 50 [ms];
value 0.1 [g/s];
}
}
Specified units will be checked against the parameter's dimensions where
possible, and an error generated if they are not consistent. For the
dimensions to be available for this check, the code requires
modification, and work propagating this change across OpenFOAM is
ongoing. Unit conversions are still possible without these changes, but
the validity of such conversions will not be checked.
Units are no longer permitted in 'dimensions' entries in field files.
These 'dimensions' entries can now, instead, take the names of
dimensions. The names of the available dimensions are:
Standard: mass length time temperature
moles current luminousIntensity
Derived: area volume rate velocity momentum acceleration density
force energy power pressure kinematicPressure
compressibility gasConstant specificHeatCapacity
kinematicViscosity dynamicViscosity thermalConductivity
volumetricFlux massFlux
So, for example, a 0/epsilon file might specify the dimensions as
follows:
dimensions [energy/mass/time];
And a 0/alphat file might have:
dimensions [thermalConductivity/specificHeatCapacity];
*** Development Notes ***
A unit conversion can construct trivially from a dimension set,
resulting in a "standard" unit with a conversion factor of one. This
means the functions which perform unit conversion on read can be
provided dimension sets or unit conversion objects interchangeably.
A basic `dict.lookup<vector>("Umean")` call will do unit conversion, but
it does not know the parameter's dimensions, so it cannot check the
validity of the supplied units. A corresponding lookup function has been
added in which the dimensions or units can be provided; in this case the
corresponding call would be `dict.lookup<vector>("Umean", dimVelocity)`.
This function enables additional checking and should be used wherever
possible.
Function1-s and Function2-s have had their constructors and selectors
changed so that dimensions/units must be specified by calling code. In
the case of Function1, two unit arguments must be given; one for the
x-axis and one for the value-axis. For Function2-s, three must be
provided.
In some cases, it is desirable (or at least established practice), that
a given non-standard unit be used in the absence of specific
user-defined units. Commonly this includes reading angles in degrees
(rather than radians) and reading times in user-time (rather than
real-time). The primitive lookup functions and Function1 and Function2
selectors both support specifying a non-standard default unit. For
example, `theta_ = dict.lookup<scalar>("theta", unitDegrees)` will read
an angle in degrees by default. If this is done within a model which
also supports writing then the write call must be modified accordingly
so that the data is also written out in degrees. Overloads of writeEntry
have been created for this purpose. In this case, the angle theta should
be written out with `writeEntry(os, "theta", unitDegrees, theta_)`.
Function1-s and Function2-s behave similarly, but with greater numbers
of dimensions/units arguments as before.
The non-standard user-time unit can be accessed by a `userUnits()`
method that has been added to Time. Use of this user-time unit in the
construction of Function1-s should prevent the need for explicit
user-time conversion in boundary conditions and sub-models and similar.
Some models might contain non-typed stream-based lookups of the form
`dict.lookup("p0") >> p0_` (e.g., in a re-read method), or
`Umean_(dict.lookup("Umean"))` (e.g., in an initialiser list). These
calls cannot facilitate unit conversion and are therefore discouraged.
They should be replaced with
`p0_ = dict.lookup<scalar>("p0", dimPressure)` and
`Umean_(dict.lookup<vector>("Umean", dimVelocity))` and similar whenever
they are found.
|
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| a5ea0b41f1 |
fvModels: Improved interface for mass/volume sources
The interface for fvModels has been modified to improve its application
to "proxy" equations. That is, equations that are not straightforward
statements of conservation laws in OpenFOAM's usual convention.
A standard conservation law typically takes the following form:
fvMatrix<scalar> psiEqn
(
fvm::ddt(alpha, rho, psi)
+ <fluxes>
==
<sources>
);
A proxy equation, on the other hand, may be a derivation or
rearrangement of a law like this, and may be linearised in terms of a
different variable.
The pressure equation is the most common example of a proxy equation. It
represents a statement of the conservation of volume or mass, but it is
a rearrangement of the original continuity equation, and it has been
linearised in terms of a different variable; the pressure. Another
example is that in the pre-predictor of a VoF solver the
phase-continuity equation is constructed, but it is linearised in terms
of volume fraction rather than density.
In these situations, fvModels sources are now applied by calling:
fvModels().sourceProxy(<conserved-fields ...>, <equation-field>)
Where <conserved-fields ...> are (alpha, rho, psi), (rho, psi), just
(psi), or are omitted entirely (for volume continuity), and the
<equation-field> is the field associated with the proxy equation. This
produces a source term identical in value to the following call:
fvModels().source(<conserved-fields ...>)
It is only the linearisation in terms of <equation-field> that differs
between these two calls.
This change permits much greater flexibility in the handling of mass and
volume sources than the previous name-based system did. All the relevant
fields are available, dimensions can be used in the logic to determine
what sources are being constructed, and sources relating to a given
conservation law all share the same function.
This commit adds the functionality for injection-type sources in the
compressibleVoF solver. A following commit will add a volume source
model for use in incompressible solvers.
|
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| 6054b1fea0 |
objectRegistry, regIOobject: Added support for automatic re-reading of dependent class
Now with the addition of the optional dependenciesModified() function classes which depend on other classes which are re-read from file when modified are also automatically updated via their read() function called by objectRegistry::readModifiedObjects. This significantly simplifies the update of the solutionControls and modular solvers when either the controlDict or fvSolution dictionaries are modified at run-time. |
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| e744fdb5f1 |
Modular solvers: Reorganised directory structure of applications and tutorials
The new flexible and extensible modular solvers structure already provides most
of the simulation functionality needed for single phase, multiphase,
multicomponent etc. fluid flow problems as well as a very effective method of
combining these with solid heat transfer, solid stress, surface film to solve
complex multi-region, multi-physics problems and are now the primary mechanism
for the further development of OpenFOAM simulation capability in future. To
emphasis this for both users and developers the applications/solvers directory
has been separated into applications/modules containing all the solver modules:
├── modules
│ ├── compressibleMultiphaseVoF
│ ├── compressibleVoF
│ ├── film
│ ├── fluid
│ ├── fluidSolver
│ ├── functions
│ ├── incompressibleDenseParticleFluid
│ ├── incompressibleDriftFlux
│ ├── incompressibleFluid
│ ├── incompressibleMultiphaseVoF
│ ├── incompressibleVoF
│ ├── isothermalFilm
│ ├── isothermalFluid
│ ├── movingMesh
│ ├── multicomponentFluid
│ ├── multiphaseEuler
│ ├── multiphaseVoFSolver
│ ├── shockFluid
│ ├── solid
│ ├── solidDisplacement
│ ├── twoPhaseSolver
│ ├── twoPhaseVoFSolver
│ ├── VoFSolver
│ └── XiFluid
applications/solvers containing the foamRun and foamMultiRun solver applications
which instantiate and execute the chosen solver modules and also standalone
solver applications for special initialisation and test activities:
├── solvers
│ ├── boundaryFoam
│ ├── chemFoam
│ ├── foamMultiRun
│ ├── foamRun
│ └── potentialFoam
and applications/legacy containing legacy solver applications which are not
currently being actively developed but the functionality of which will be merged
into the solver modules or form the basis of new solver modules as the need
arises:
├── legacy
│ ├── basic
│ │ ├── financialFoam
│ │ └── laplacianFoam
│ ├── combustion
│ │ └── PDRFoam
│ ├── compressible
│ │ └── rhoPorousSimpleFoam
│ ├── electromagnetics
│ │ ├── electrostaticFoam
│ │ ├── magneticFoam
│ │ └── mhdFoam
│ ├── incompressible
│ │ ├── adjointShapeOptimisationFoam
│ │ ├── dnsFoam
│ │ ├── icoFoam
│ │ ├── porousSimpleFoam
│ │ └── shallowWaterFoam
│ └── lagrangian
│ ├── dsmcFoam
│ ├── mdEquilibrationFoam
│ └── mdFoam
Correspondingly the tutorials directory structure has been reorganised with the
modular solver directories at the top level with names that make it easier for
users to find example cases relating to their particular requirements and a
legacy sub-directory containing cases corresponding to the legacy solver
applications listed above:
├── compressibleMultiphaseVoF
│ └── damBreak4phaseLaminar
├── compressibleVoF
│ ├── ballValve
│ ├── climbingRod
│ ├── damBreak
│ ├── depthCharge2D
│ ├── depthCharge3D
│ ├── sloshingTank2D
│ └── throttle
├── film
│ └── rivuletPanel
├── fluid
│ ├── aerofoilNACA0012
│ ├── aerofoilNACA0012Steady
│ ├── angledDuct
│ ├── angledDuctExplicitFixedCoeff
│ ├── angledDuctLTS
│ ├── annularThermalMixer
│ ├── BernardCells
│ ├── blockedChannel
│ ├── buoyantCavity
│ ├── cavity
│ ├── decompressionTank
│ ├── externalCoupledCavity
│ ├── forwardStep
│ ├── helmholtzResonance
│ ├── hotRadiationRoom
│ ├── hotRadiationRoomFvDOM
│ ├── hotRoom
│ ├── hotRoomBoussinesq
│ ├── hotRoomBoussinesqSteady
│ ├── hotRoomComfort
│ ├── iglooWithFridges
│ ├── mixerVessel2DMRF
│ ├── nacaAirfoil
│ ├── pitzDaily
│ ├── prism
│ ├── shockTube
│ ├── squareBend
│ ├── squareBendLiq
│ └── squareBendLiqSteady
├── incompressibleDenseParticleFluid
│ ├── column
│ ├── cyclone
│ ├── Goldschmidt
│ ├── GoldschmidtMPPIC
│ └── injectionChannel
├── incompressibleDriftFlux
│ ├── dahl
│ ├── mixerVessel2DMRF
│ └── tank3D
├── incompressibleFluid
│ ├── airFoil2D
│ ├── ballValve
│ ├── blockedChannel
│ ├── cavity
│ ├── cavityCoupledU
│ ├── channel395
│ ├── drivaerFastback
│ ├── ductSecondaryFlow
│ ├── elipsekkLOmega
│ ├── flowWithOpenBoundary
│ ├── hopperParticles
│ ├── impeller
│ ├── mixerSRF
│ ├── mixerVessel2D
│ ├── mixerVessel2DMRF
│ ├── mixerVesselHorizontal2DParticles
│ ├── motorBike
│ ├── motorBikeSteady
│ ├── movingCone
│ ├── offsetCylinder
│ ├── oscillatingInlet
│ ├── pipeCyclic
│ ├── pitzDaily
│ ├── pitzDailyLES
│ ├── pitzDailyLESDevelopedInlet
│ ├── pitzDailyLTS
│ ├── pitzDailyPulse
│ ├── pitzDailyScalarTransport
│ ├── pitzDailySteady
│ ├── pitzDailySteadyExperimentalInlet
│ ├── pitzDailySteadyMappedToPart
│ ├── pitzDailySteadyMappedToRefined
│ ├── planarContraction
│ ├── planarCouette
│ ├── planarPoiseuille
│ ├── porousBlockage
│ ├── propeller
│ ├── roomResidenceTime
│ ├── rotor2DRotating
│ ├── rotor2DSRF
│ ├── rotorDisk
│ ├── T3A
│ ├── TJunction
│ ├── TJunctionFan
│ ├── turbineSiting
│ ├── waveSubSurface
│ ├── windAroundBuildings
│ └── wingMotion
├── incompressibleMultiphaseVoF
│ ├── damBreak4phase
│ ├── damBreak4phaseFineLaminar
│ ├── damBreak4phaseLaminar
│ └── mixerVessel2DMRF
├── incompressibleVoF
│ ├── angledDuct
│ ├── capillaryRise
│ ├── cavitatingBullet
│ ├── climbingRod
│ ├── containerDischarge2D
│ ├── damBreak
│ ├── damBreakLaminar
│ ├── damBreakPorousBaffle
│ ├── damBreakWithObstacle
│ ├── DTCHull
│ ├── DTCHullMoving
│ ├── DTCHullWave
│ ├── floatingObject
│ ├── floatingObjectWaves
│ ├── forcedUpstreamWave
│ ├── mixerVessel
│ ├── mixerVessel2DMRF
│ ├── mixerVesselHorizontal2D
│ ├── nozzleFlow2D
│ ├── planingHullW3
│ ├── propeller
│ ├── sloshingCylinder
│ ├── sloshingTank2D
│ ├── sloshingTank2D3DoF
│ ├── sloshingTank3D
│ ├── sloshingTank3D3DoF
│ ├── sloshingTank3D6DoF
│ ├── testTubeMixer
│ ├── waterChannel
│ ├── wave
│ ├── wave3D
│ └── weirOverflow
├── isothermalFilm
│ └── rivuletPanel
├── isothermalFluid
│ ├── potentialFreeSurfaceMovingOscillatingBox
│ └── potentialFreeSurfaceOscillatingBox
├── legacy
│ ├── basic
│ │ ├── financialFoam
│ │ │ └── europeanCall
│ │ └── laplacianFoam
│ │ └── flange
│ ├── combustion
│ │ └── PDRFoam
│ │ └── flamePropagationWithObstacles
│ ├── compressible
│ │ └── rhoPorousSimpleFoam
│ │ ├── angledDuctExplicit
│ │ └── angledDuctImplicit
│ ├── electromagnetics
│ │ ├── electrostaticFoam
│ │ │ └── chargedWire
│ │ └── mhdFoam
│ │ └── hartmann
│ ├── incompressible
│ │ ├── adjointShapeOptimisationFoam
│ │ │ └── pitzDaily
│ │ ├── dnsFoam
│ │ │ └── boxTurb16
│ │ ├── icoFoam
│ │ │ ├── cavity
│ │ │ └── elbow
│ │ ├── porousSimpleFoam
│ │ │ ├── angledDuctExplicit
│ │ │ └── angledDuctImplicit
│ │ └── shallowWaterFoam
│ │ └── squareBump
│ ├── lagrangian
│ │ ├── dsmcFoam
│ │ │ ├── freeSpacePeriodic
│ │ │ ├── freeSpaceStream
│ │ │ ├── supersonicCorner
│ │ │ └── wedge15Ma5
│ │ ├── mdEquilibrationFoam
│ │ │ ├── periodicCubeArgon
│ │ │ └── periodicCubeWater
│ │ └── mdFoam
│ │ └── nanoNozzle
├── mesh
│ ├── blockMesh
│ │ ├── pipe
│ │ ├── sphere
│ │ ├── sphere7
│ │ └── sphere7ProjectedEdges
│ ├── refineMesh
│ │ └── refineFieldDirs
│ └── snappyHexMesh
│ ├── flange
│ └── pipe
├── movingMesh
│ └── SnakeRiverCanyon
├── multicomponentFluid
│ ├── aachenBomb
│ ├── counterFlowFlame2D
│ ├── counterFlowFlame2D_GRI
│ ├── counterFlowFlame2D_GRI_TDAC
│ ├── counterFlowFlame2DLTS
│ ├── counterFlowFlame2DLTS_GRI_TDAC
│ ├── DLR_A_LTS
│ ├── filter
│ ├── lockExchange
│ ├── membrane
│ ├── nc7h16
│ ├── parcelInBox
│ ├── SandiaD_LTS
│ ├── simplifiedSiwek
│ ├── smallPoolFire2D
│ ├── smallPoolFire3D
│ ├── verticalChannel
│ ├── verticalChannelLTS
│ └── verticalChannelSteady
├── multiphaseEuler
│ ├── bed
│ ├── bubbleColumn
│ ├── bubbleColumnEvaporating
│ ├── bubbleColumnEvaporatingDissolving
│ ├── bubbleColumnEvaporatingReacting
│ ├── bubbleColumnIATE
│ ├── bubbleColumnLaminar
│ ├── bubbleColumnLES
│ ├── bubblePipe
│ ├── damBreak4phase
│ ├── fluidisedBed
│ ├── fluidisedBedLaminar
│ ├── Grossetete
│ ├── hydrofoil
│ ├── injection
│ ├── LBend
│ ├── mixerVessel2D
│ ├── mixerVessel2DMRF
│ ├── pipeBend
│ ├── steamInjection
│ ├── titaniaSynthesis
│ ├── titaniaSynthesisSurface
│ ├── wallBoilingIATE
│ ├── wallBoilingPolydisperse
│ └── wallBoilingPolydisperseTwoGroups
├── multiRegion
│ ├── CHT
│ │ ├── circuitBoardCooling
│ │ ├── coolingCylinder2D
│ │ ├── coolingSphere
│ │ ├── heatedDuct
│ │ ├── heatExchanger
│ │ ├── multiphaseCoolingCylinder2D
│ │ ├── reverseBurner
│ │ ├── shellAndTubeHeatExchanger
│ │ ├── VoFcoolingCylinder2D
│ │ └── wallBoiling
│ └── film
│ ├── cylinder
│ ├── cylinderDripping
│ ├── cylinderVoF
│ ├── hotBoxes
│ ├── rivuletBox
│ ├── rivuletPanel
│ ├── splashPanel
│ └── VoFToFilm
├── potentialFoam
│ ├── cylinder
│ └── pitzDaily
├── resources
│ ├── blockMesh
│ ├── geometry
│ └── thermoData
├── shockFluid
│ ├── biconic25-55Run35
│ ├── forwardStep
│ ├── LadenburgJet60psi
│ ├── movingCone
│ ├── obliqueShock
│ ├── shockTube
│ └── wedge15Ma5
├── solidDisplacement
│ ├── beamEndLoad
│ └── plateHole
└── XiFluid
├── kivaTest
└── moriyoshiHomogeneous
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