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ENH: improve/verify atmBoundaryLayerInlet conditions

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ENH: add generalised log-law type ground-normal inflow boundary conditions for
  wind velocity and turbulence quantities for homogeneous, two-dimensional,
  dry-air, equilibrium and neutral atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) modelling

  ENH: remove `zGround` entry, which is now automatically computed

  ENH: add `displacement height` entry, `d`

  ENH: add generalised atmBoundaryLayerInletOmega boundary condition

  ENH: add a verification case for atmBoundaryLayerInlet BCs

  DOC: improve atmBoundaryLayerInlet header documentation

  BUG: fix value-entry behaviour in atmBoundaryLayerInlet (fixes #1578)
  Without this change:
  - for serial-parallel computations, if `value` entry is available in
    an `atmBoundaryLayerInlet` BC, the theoretical ABL profile expressions
    are not computed, and the `value` entry content is used as a profile data
  - for parallel computations, if `value` entry is not available, `decomposePar`
    could not be executed.
  With this change:
  - assuming `value` entry is always be present, the use of `value` entry for
    the ABL profile specification is determined by a flag `initABL`
  - the default value of the optional flag `initABL` is `true`, but whenever
    `initABL=true` is executed, `initABL` is overwritten as `false` for the
    subsequent runs, so that `value` entry can be safely used.
  Thanks Per Jørgensen for the bug report.

  BUG: ensure atmBoundaryInlet conditions are Galilean-invariant (fixes #1692)

  Related references:

      The ground-normal profile expressions (tag:RH):
        Richards, P. J., & Hoxey, R. P. (1993).
        Appropriate boundary conditions for computational wind
        engineering models using the k-ε turbulence model.
        In Computational Wind Engineering 1 (pp. 145-153).
        DOI:10.1016/B978-0-444-81688-7.50018-8

    Modifications to preserve the profiles downstream (tag:HW):
        Hargreaves, D. M., & Wright, N. G. (2007).
        On the use of the k–ε model in commercial CFD software
        to model the neutral atmospheric boundary layer.
        Journal of wind engineering and
        industrial aerodynamics, 95(5), 355-369.
        DOI:10.1016/j.jweia.2006.08.002

    Expression generalisations to allow height
    variation for turbulence quantities (tag:YGCJ):
        Yang, Y., Gu, M., Chen, S., & Jin, X. (2009).
        New inflow boundary conditions for modelling the neutral equilibrium
        atmospheric boundary layer in computational wind engineering.
        J. of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 97(2), 88-95.
        DOI:10.1016/j.jweia.2008.12.001

    The generalised ground-normal profile expression for omega (tag:YGJ):
        Yang, Y., Gu, M., & Jin, X., (2009).
        New inflow boundary conditions for modelling the
        neutral equilibrium atmospheric boundary layer in SST k-ω model.
        In: The Seventh Asia-Pacific Conference on Wind Engineering,
        November 8-12, Taipei, Taiwan.

  Reproduced benchmark:
      Rectangular prism shown in FIG 1 of
        Hargreaves, D. M., & Wright, N. G. (2007).
        On the use of the k–ε model in commercial CFD software
        to model the neutral atmospheric boundary layer.
        Journal of wind engineering and
        industrial aerodynamics, 95(5), 355-369.
        DOI:10.1016/j.jweia.2006.08.002
  Benchmark data:
      HW, 2007 FIG 6

  TUT: update simpleFoam/turbineSiting tutorial accordingly
This commit is contained in:
Kutalmis Bercin
2020-04-07 15:41:37 +01:00
committed by Andrew Heather
parent 5863c94be0
commit 336fb3bddf
44 changed files with 2631 additions and 166 deletions
Download Patch File Download Diff File Expand all files Collapse all files

22
src/atmosphericModels/Make/files
View File

@ -1,10 +1,22 @@
derivedFvPatchFields/atmBoundaryLayer/atmBoundaryLayer.C
derivedFvPatchFields/atmBoundaryLayerInletVelocity/atmBoundaryLayerInletVelocityFvPatchVectorField.C
derivedFvPatchFields/atmBoundaryLayerInletK/atmBoundaryLayerInletKFvPatchScalarField.C
derivedFvPatchFields/atmBoundaryLayerInletEpsilon/atmBoundaryLayerInletEpsilonFvPatchScalarField.C
derivedFvPatchFields/nutkAtmRoughWallFunction/nutkAtmRoughWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField.C
/* Models */
atmosphericTurbulentTransportModels.C
porosityModels/powerLawLopesdaCosta/powerLawLopesdaCosta.C
/* Boundary conditions */
derivedFvPatchFields/atmBoundaryLayer/atmBoundaryLayer.C
derivedFvPatchFields/atmBoundaryLayerInletVelocity/atmBoundaryLayerInletVelocityFvPatchVectorField.C
derivedFvPatchFields/atmBoundaryLayerInletK/atmBoundaryLayerInletKFvPatchScalarField.C
derivedFvPatchFields/atmBoundaryLayerInletEpsilon/atmBoundaryLayerInletEpsilonFvPatchScalarField.C
derivedFvPatchFields/atmBoundaryLayerInletOmega/atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField.C
derivedFvPatchFields/nutkAtmRoughWallFunction/nutkAtmRoughWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField.C
/* Wall function BCs */
/* fvOptions */
LIB = $(FOAM_LIBBIN)/libatmosphericModels

116
src/atmosphericModels/derivedFvPatchFields/atmBoundaryLayer/atmBoundaryLayer.C
View File

@ -37,16 +37,20 @@ namespace Foam
atmBoundaryLayer::atmBoundaryLayer(const Time& time, const polyPatch& pp)
:
initABL_(false),
kappa_(0.41),
Cmu_(0.09),
C1_(0.0),
C2_(1.0),
ppMin_((boundBox(pp.points())).min()),
time_(time),
patch_(pp),
flowDir_(time, "flowDir"),
zDir_(time, "zDir"),
kappa_(0.41),
Cmu_(0.09),
Uref_(time, "Uref"),
Zref_(time, "Zref"),
z0_(),
zGround_()
d_()
{}
@ -57,6 +61,15 @@ atmBoundaryLayer::atmBoundaryLayer
const dictionary& dict
)
:
initABL_(dict.getOrDefault<Switch>("initABL", true)),
kappa_
(
dict.getCheckOrDefault<scalar>("kappa", 0.41, scalarMinMax::ge(SMALL))
),
Cmu_(dict.getCheckOrDefault<scalar>("Cmu", 0.09, scalarMinMax::ge(SMALL))),
C1_(dict.getOrDefault("C1", 0.0)),
C2_(dict.getOrDefault("C2", 1.0)),
ppMin_((boundBox(pp.points())).min()),
time_(time),
patch_(pp),
flowDir_(TimeFunction1<vector>(time, "flowDir", dict)),
@ -66,7 +79,7 @@ atmBoundaryLayer::atmBoundaryLayer
Uref_(TimeFunction1<scalar>(time, "Uref", dict)),
Zref_(TimeFunction1<scalar>(time, "Zref", dict)),
z0_(PatchFunction1<scalar>::New(pp, "z0", dict)),
zGround_(PatchFunction1<scalar>::New(pp, "zGround", dict))
d_(PatchFunction1<scalar>::New(pp, "d", dict))
{}
@ -77,31 +90,39 @@ atmBoundaryLayer::atmBoundaryLayer
const fvPatchFieldMapper& mapper
)
:
initABL_(abl.initABL_),
kappa_(abl.kappa_),
Cmu_(abl.Cmu_),
C1_(abl.C1_),
C2_(abl.C2_),
ppMin_(abl.ppMin_),
time_(abl.time_),
patch_(patch.patch()),
flowDir_(abl.flowDir_),
zDir_(abl.zDir_),
kappa_(abl.kappa_),
Cmu_(abl.Cmu_),
Uref_(abl.Uref_),
Zref_(abl.Zref_),
z0_(abl.z0_.clone(patch_)),
zGround_(abl.zGround_.clone(patch_))
d_(abl.d_.clone(patch_))
{}
atmBoundaryLayer::atmBoundaryLayer(const atmBoundaryLayer& abl)
:
initABL_(abl.initABL_),
kappa_(abl.kappa_),
Cmu_(abl.Cmu_),
C1_(abl.C1_),
C2_(abl.C2_),
ppMin_(abl.ppMin_),
time_(abl.time_),
patch_(abl.patch_),
flowDir_(abl.flowDir_),
zDir_(abl.zDir_),
kappa_(abl.kappa_),
Cmu_(abl.Cmu_),
Uref_(abl.Uref_),
Zref_(abl.Zref_),
z0_(abl.z0_.clone(patch_)),
zGround_(abl.zGround_.clone(patch_))
d_(abl.d_.clone(patch_))
{}
@ -110,13 +131,13 @@ atmBoundaryLayer::atmBoundaryLayer(const atmBoundaryLayer& abl)
vector atmBoundaryLayer::flowDir() const
{
const scalar t = time_.timeOutputValue();
vector dir(flowDir_.value(t));
const vector dir(flowDir_.value(t));
const scalar magDir = mag(dir);
if (magDir < SMALL)
{
FatalErrorInFunction
<< "magnitude of " << flowDir_.name()
<< "magnitude of " << flowDir_.name() << " = " << magDir
<< " vector must be greater than zero"
<< abort(FatalError);
}
@ -128,13 +149,13 @@ vector atmBoundaryLayer::flowDir() const
vector atmBoundaryLayer::zDir() const
{
const scalar t = time_.timeOutputValue();
vector dir(zDir_.value(t));
const vector dir(zDir_.value(t));
const scalar magDir = mag(dir);
if (magDir < SMALL)
{
FatalErrorInFunction
<< "magnitude of " << zDir_.name()
<< "magnitude of " << zDir_.name() << " = " << magDir
<< " vector must be greater than zero"
<< abort(FatalError);
}
@ -149,14 +170,22 @@ tmp<scalarField> atmBoundaryLayer::Ustar(const scalarField& z0) const
const scalar Uref = Uref_.value(t);
const scalar Zref = Zref_.value(t);
return kappa_*Uref/(log((Zref + z0)/z0));
if (Zref < 0)
{
FatalErrorInFunction
<< "Negative entry in " << Zref_.name() << " = " << Zref
<< abort(FatalError);
}
// (derived from RH:Eq. 6, HW:Eq. 5)
return kappa_*Uref/log((Zref + z0)/z0);
}
void atmBoundaryLayer::autoMap(const fvPatchFieldMapper& mapper)
{
z0_->autoMap(mapper);
zGround_->autoMap(mapper);
d_->autoMap(mapper);
}
@ -167,51 +196,80 @@ void atmBoundaryLayer::rmap
)
{
z0_->rmap(abl.z0_(), addr);
zGround_->rmap(abl.zGround_(), addr);
d_->rmap(abl.d_(), addr);
}
tmp<vectorField> atmBoundaryLayer::U(const vectorField& p) const
tmp<vectorField> atmBoundaryLayer::U(const vectorField& pCf) const
{
const scalar t = time_.timeOutputValue();
const scalarField zGround(zGround_->value(t));
const scalarField d(d_->value(t));
const scalarField z0(max(z0_->value(t), ROOTVSMALL));
const scalar groundMin = zDir() & ppMin_;
scalarField Un((Ustar(z0)/kappa_)*log(((zDir() & p) - zGround + z0)/z0));
// (YGCJ:Table 1, RH:Eq. 6, HW:Eq. 5)
scalarField Un
(
(Ustar(z0)/kappa_)*log(((zDir() & pCf) - groundMin - d + z0)/z0)
);
return flowDir()*Un;
}
tmp<scalarField> atmBoundaryLayer::k(const vectorField& p) const
tmp<scalarField> atmBoundaryLayer::k(const vectorField& pCf) const
{
const scalar t = time_.timeOutputValue();
const scalarField d(d_->value(t));
const scalarField z0(max(z0_->value(t), ROOTVSMALL));
const scalar groundMin = zDir() & ppMin_;
return sqr(Ustar(z0))/sqrt(Cmu_);
// (YGCJ:Eq. 21; RH:Eq. 7, HW:Eq. 6 when C1=0 and C2=1)
return
sqr(Ustar(z0))/sqrt(Cmu_)
*sqrt(C1_*log(((zDir() & pCf) - groundMin - d + z0)/z0) + C2_);
}
tmp<scalarField> atmBoundaryLayer::epsilon(const vectorField& p) const
tmp<scalarField> atmBoundaryLayer::epsilon(const vectorField& pCf) const
{
const scalar t = time_.timeOutputValue();
const scalarField zGround(zGround_->value(t));
const scalarField d(d_->value(t));
const scalarField z0(max(z0_->value(t), ROOTVSMALL));
const scalar groundMin = zDir() & ppMin_;
return pow3(Ustar(z0))/(kappa_*((zDir() & p) - zGround + z0));
// (YGCJ:Eq. 22; RH:Eq. 8, HW:Eq. 7 when C1=0 and C2=1)
return
pow3(Ustar(z0))/(kappa_*((zDir() & pCf) - groundMin - d + z0))
*sqrt(C1_*log(((zDir() & pCf) - groundMin - d + z0)/z0) + C2_);
}
tmp<scalarField> atmBoundaryLayer::omega(const vectorField& pCf) const
{
const scalar t = time_.timeOutputValue();
const scalarField d(d_->value(t));
const scalarField z0(max(z0_->value(t), ROOTVSMALL));
const scalar groundMin = zDir() & ppMin_;
// (YGJ:Eq. 13)
return Ustar(z0)/(kappa_*sqrt(Cmu_)*((zDir() & pCf) - groundMin - d + z0));
}
void atmBoundaryLayer::write(Ostream& os) const
{
z0_->writeData(os) ;
flowDir_.writeData(os);
zDir_.writeData(os);
os.writeEntry("initABL", initABL_);
os.writeEntry("kappa", kappa_);
os.writeEntry("Cmu", Cmu_);
os.writeEntry("C1", C1_);
os.writeEntry("C2", C2_);
flowDir_.writeData(os);
zDir_.writeData(os);
Uref_.writeData(os);
Zref_.writeData(os);
zGround_->writeData(os);
z0_->writeData(os) ;
d_->writeData(os);
}

256
src/atmosphericModels/derivedFvPatchFields/atmBoundaryLayer/atmBoundaryLayer.H
View File

@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
\\/ M anipulation |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Copyright (C) 2014-2018 OpenFOAM Foundation
Copyright (C) 2015 OpenCFD Ltd.
Copyright (C) 2015-2020 OpenCFD Ltd.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
License
This file is part of OpenFOAM.
@ -31,84 +31,156 @@ Group
grpRASBoundaryConditions grpInletBoundaryConditions
Description
This class provides functions to evaluate the velocity and turbulence
distributions appropriate for atmospheric boundary layers (ABL).
Base class to set log-law type ground-normal inflow boundary conditions for
wind velocity and turbulence quantities for homogeneous, two-dimensional,
dry-air, equilibrium and neutral atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) modelling.
The profile is derived from the friction velocity, flow direction and
"vertical" direction:
The ground-normal profile expressions are due to \c YGCJ
(refer to references below) whereat \c RH expressions were generalised:
\f[
U = \frac{U^*}{\kappa} ln\left(\frac{z - z_g + z_0}{z_0}\right)
\f]
\f[
u = \frac{u^*}{\kappa} \ln \left( \frac{z - d + z_0}{z_0} \right)
\f]
\f[
k = \frac{(U^*)^2}{\sqrt{C_{\mu}}}
\f]
\f[
v = w = 0
\f]
\f[
\epsilon = \frac{(U^*)^3}{\kappa(z - z_g + z_0)}
\f]
\f[
k = \frac{(u^*)^2}{\sqrt{C_\mu}}
\sqrt{C_1 \ln \left( \frac{z - d + z_0}{z_0} \right) + C_2}
\f]
\f[
\epsilon = \frac{(u^*)^3}{\kappa (z - d + z_0)}
\sqrt{C_1 \ln \left( \frac{z - d + z_0}{z_0} \right) + C_2}
\f]
\f[
\omega = \frac{u^*}{\kappa \sqrt{C_\mu}} \frac{1}{z - d + z_0}
\f]
\f[
u^* =
\frac{u_{ref} \kappa}{\ln\left(\frac{z_{ref} + z_0}{z_0}\right)}
\f]
where
\vartable
U^* | Friction velocity
\kappa | von Karman's constant
C_{\mu} | Turbulence viscosity coefficient
z | Vertical coordinate
z_0 | Surface roughness height [m]
z_g | Minimum z-coordinate [m]
\endvartable
and
\f[
U^* = \kappa\frac{U_{ref}}{ln\left(\frac{Z_{ref} + z_0}{z_0}\right)}
\f]
where
\vartable
U_{ref} | Reference velocity at \f$Z_{ref}\f$ [m/s]
Z_{ref} | Reference height [m]
u | Ground-normal streamwise flow speed profile [m/s]
v | Spanwise flow speed [m/s]
w | Ground-normal flow speed [m/s]
k | Ground-normal turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) profile [m^2/s^2]
\epsilon | Ground-normal TKE dissipation rate profile [m^2/s^3]
\omega | Ground-normal specific dissipation rate profile [m^2/s^3]
u^* | Friction velocity [m/s]
\kappa | von Kármán constant [-]
C_\mu | Empirical model constant [-]
z | Ground-normal coordinate component [m]
d | Ground-normal displacement height [m]
z_0 | Aerodynamic roughness length [m]
u_{ref} | Reference mean streamwise wind speed at \f$z_{ref}\f$ [m/s]
z_{ref} | Reference height being used in \f$u^*\f$ estimations [m]
C_1 | Curve-fitting coefficient for \c YGCJ profiles [-]
C_2 | Curve-fitting coefficient for \c YGCJ profiles [-]
\endvartable
Use in the atmBoundaryLayerInletVelocity, atmBoundaryLayerInletK and
atmBoundaryLayerInletEpsilon boundary conditions.
Note
- The \c RH expressions are special cases of those in \c YGCJ when \c C1=0
and \c C2=1. Both \c C1 and \c C2 can be determined by nonlinear fitting
of (\c YGCJ:Eq. 19) with an experimental dataset for \c k. By default,
\c atmBoundaryLayerInlet boundary conditions compute \c RH expressions.
- \c z is the ground-normal height relative to the global minimum height
of the inlet patch; therefore, the minimum of \c z is always zero
irrespective of the absolute z-coordinate of the computational patch.
Reference:
D.M. Hargreaves and N.G. Wright, "On the use of the k-epsilon model
in commercial CFD software to model the neutral atmospheric boundary
layer", Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics
95(2007), pp 355-369.
\verbatim
The ground-normal profile expressions (tag:RH):
Richards, P. J., & Hoxey, R. P. (1993).
Appropriate boundary conditions for computational wind
engineering models using the k-ε turbulence model.
In Computational Wind Engineering 1 (pp. 145-153).
DOI:10.1016/B978-0-444-81688-7.50018-8
Modifications to preserve the profiles downstream (tag:HW):
Hargreaves, D. M., & Wright, N. G. (2007).
On the use of the k–ε model in commercial CFD software
to model the neutral atmospheric boundary layer.
Journal of wind engineering and
industrial aerodynamics, 95(5), 355-369.
DOI:10.1016/j.jweia.2006.08.002
Expression generalisations to allow height
variation for turbulence quantities (tag:YGCJ):
Yang, Y., Gu, M., Chen, S., & Jin, X. (2009).
New inflow boundary conditions for modelling the neutral equilibrium
atmospheric boundary layer in computational wind engineering.
J. of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 97(2), 88-95.
DOI:10.1016/j.jweia.2008.12.001
The generalised ground-normal profile expression for omega (tag:YGJ):
Yang, Y., Gu, M., & Jin, X., (2009).
New inflow boundary conditions for modelling the
neutral equilibrium atmospheric boundary layer in SST k-ω model.
In: The Seventh Asia-Pacific Conference on Wind Engineering,
November 8-12, Taipei, Taiwan.
Theoretical remarks (tag:E):
Emeis, S. (2013).
Wind Energy Meteorology: Atmospheric
Physics for Wind Power Generation.
Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
DOI:10.1007/978-3-642-30523-8
\endverbatim
Usage
\table
Property | Description | Required | Default
flowDir | Flow direction | yes |
zDir | Vertical direction | yes |
kappa | von Karman's constant | no | 0.41
Cmu | Turbulence viscosity coefficient | no | 0.09
Uref | Reference velocity [m/s] | yes |
Zref | Reference height [m] | yes |
z0 | Surface roughness height [m] | yes |
zGround | Minimum z-coordinate [m] | yes |
Property | Description | Type | Req'd | Deflt
flowDir | Flow direction | TimeFunction1<vector> | yes | -
zDir | Ground-normal direction | TimeFunction1<vector> | yes | -
Uref | Reference mean streamwise flow speed being used in <!--
--> \f$u^*\f$ estimations [m/s] | TimeFunction1<scalar> | yes | -
Zref | Reference height being used in \f$u^*\f$ estimations [m] <!--
--> | TimeFunction1<scalar> | yes | -
z0 | Surface roughness length [m] <!--
--> | PatchFunction1<scalar> | yes | -
d | Displacement height [m] - see Notes <!--
--> | PatchFunction1<scalar> | yes | -
kappa | von Kármán constant | scalar | no | 0.41
Cmu | Empirical model constant | scalar | no | 0.09
initABL | Flag to initialise profiles with the theoretical <!--
--> ABL expressions, otherwise use "value" list <!--
--> | bool | no | true
value | ABL profile content when initABL=false <!--
--> | scalarList | conditional | -
phi | Name of the flux field | word | no | phi
C1 | Curve-fitting coefficient \c YGCJ profiles | scalar | no | 0.0
C2 | Curve-fitting coefficient \c YGCJ profiles | scalar | no | 1.0
\endtable
Example of the boundary condition specification:
\verbatim
ground
{
type atmBoundaryLayerInletVelocity;
flowDir (1 0 0);
zDir (0 0 1);
Uref 10.0;
Zref 20.0;
z0 uniform 0.1;
zGround uniform 0.0;
}
\endverbatim
Note
D.M. Hargreaves and N.G. Wright recommend Gamma epsilon in the
k-epsilon model should be changed from 1.3 to 1.11 for consistency.
The roughness height (Er) is given by Er = 20 z0 following the same
reference.
- The derived ABL expressions automatically satisfy the simplified transport
equation for \c k. Yet the same expressions only satisfy the simplified
transport equation for \c epsilon when the model constants \c sigmaEpsilon
is 1.11 with \c kappa=0.4 (\c HW:p. 358).
- \c atmBoundaryLayerInlet boundary conditions inherit \c inletOutlet
traits, so that a given inlet condition can be supplied from all sides of
the domain, e.g. a ground-normal cylinder domain having a single
inlet/outlet boundary where the changes between inlet and outlet depend
on the wind direction and patch normals, so that any change in inflow
orientation can be handled with the same mesh.
- \c d is the displacement height, and "is relevant for flows over forests
and cities" (E:p. 28). "The displacement height gives the vertical
displacement of the entire flow regime over areas which are densely covered
with obstacles such as trees or buildings" (E:p. 28).
See also
- Foam::atmBoundaryLayer::atmBoundaryLayerInletVelocityFvPatchVectorField
- Foam::atmBoundaryLayer::atmBoundaryLayerInletKFvPatchScalarField
- Foam::atmBoundaryLayer::atmBoundaryLayerInletEpsilonFvPatchScalarField
- Foam::atmBoundaryLayer::atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField
- ExtendedCodeGuide::atmBoundaryLayer
SourceFiles
atmBoundaryLayer.C
@ -133,7 +205,33 @@ namespace Foam
class atmBoundaryLayer
{
// Private data
protected:
// Protected Data
//- Flag to initialise profiles with the theoretical ABL expressions,
//- otherwise initialises by using "value" entry content
Switch initABL_;
private:
// Private Data
//- von Kármán constant
const scalar kappa_;
//- Empirical model constant
const scalar Cmu_;
//- Curve-fitting coefficient
const scalar C1_;
//- Curve-fitting coefficient
const scalar C2_;
//- Minimum coordinate vector of this patch
const vector ppMin_;
//- Reference to the time database
const Time& time_;
@ -141,29 +239,23 @@ class atmBoundaryLayer
//- Reference to the patch
const polyPatch& patch_;
//- Flow direction
//- Streamwise flow direction
TimeFunction1<vector> flowDir_;
//- Direction of the z-coordinate
//- Direction of the ground-normal coordinate
TimeFunction1<vector> zDir_;
//- Von Karman constant
const scalar kappa_;
//- Turbulent viscosity coefficient
const scalar Cmu_;
//- Reference velocity
//- Reference mean streamwise flow speed being used in Ustar estimations
TimeFunction1<scalar> Uref_;
//- Reference height
//- Reference height being used in Ustar estimations
TimeFunction1<scalar> Zref_;
//- Surface roughness height
//- Surface roughness length
autoPtr<PatchFunction1<scalar>> z0_;
//- Minimum coordinate value in z direction
autoPtr<PatchFunction1<scalar>> zGround_;
//- Displacement height
autoPtr<PatchFunction1<scalar>> d_;
public:
@ -193,14 +285,14 @@ public:
atmBoundaryLayer(const atmBoundaryLayer&);
// Member functions
// Member Functions
// Access
//- Return flow direction
vector flowDir() const;
//- Return z-direction
//- Return the ground-normal direction
vector zDir() const;
//- Return friction velocity
@ -219,14 +311,16 @@ public:
// Evaluate functions
//- Return the velocity distribution for the ATM
tmp<vectorField> U(const vectorField& p) const;
tmp<vectorField> U(const vectorField& pCf) const;
//- Return the turbulent kinetic energy distribution for the ATM
tmp<scalarField> k(const vectorField& p) const;
tmp<scalarField> k(const vectorField& pCf) const;
//- Return the turbulent dissipation rate distribution for the ATM
tmp<scalarField> epsilon(const vectorField& p) const;
tmp<scalarField> epsilon(const vectorField& pCf) const;
//- Return the specific dissipation rate distribution for the ATM
tmp<scalarField> omega(const vectorField& pCf) const;
//- Write
void write(Ostream&) const;

6
src/atmosphericModels/derivedFvPatchFields/atmBoundaryLayerInletEpsilon/atmBoundaryLayerInletEpsilonFvPatchScalarField.C
View File

@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ License
#include "atmBoundaryLayerInletEpsilonFvPatchScalarField.H"
#include "addToRunTimeSelectionTable.H"
#include "turbulenceModel.H"
#include "fvPatchFieldMapper.H"
#include "volFields.H"
#include "surfaceFields.H"
@ -68,13 +69,14 @@ atmBoundaryLayerInletEpsilonFvPatchScalarField
refGrad() = 0;
valueFraction() = 1;
if (dict.found("value"))
if (!initABL_)
{
scalarField::operator=(scalarField("value", dict, p.size()));
}
else
{
scalarField::operator=(refValue());
initABL_ = false;
}
}
@ -148,8 +150,8 @@ void atmBoundaryLayerInletEpsilonFvPatchScalarField::rmap
void atmBoundaryLayerInletEpsilonFvPatchScalarField::write(Ostream& os) const
{
fvPatchScalarField::write(os);
atmBoundaryLayer::write(os);
os.writeEntryIfDifferent<word>("phi", "phi", phiName_);
atmBoundaryLayer::write(os);
writeEntry("value", os);
}

70
src/atmosphericModels/derivedFvPatchFields/atmBoundaryLayerInletEpsilon/atmBoundaryLayerInletEpsilonFvPatchScalarField.H
View File

@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
\\/ M anipulation |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Copyright (C) 2011-2018 OpenFOAM Foundation
Copyright (C) 2020 OpenCFD Ltd.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
License
This file is part of OpenFOAM.
@ -30,28 +31,74 @@ Group
grpRASBoundaryConditions grpInletBoundaryConditions
Description
This boundary condition specifies an inlet value for the turbulence
dissipation, \f$\epsilon\f$, appropriate for atmospheric boundary layers.
This boundary condition provides a log-law type ground-normal inflow
boundary condition for turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate, i.e.
\c epsilon, for homogeneous, two-dimensional, dry-air, equilibrium and
neutral atmospheric boundary layer modelling.
See Foam::atmBoundaryLayer for details.
The ground-normal \c epsilon profile expression:
\f[
\epsilon = \frac{(u^*)^3}{\kappa (z - d + z_0)}
\sqrt{C_1 \ln \left( \frac{z - d + z_0}{z_0} \right) + C_2}
\f]
where
\vartable
\epsilon | Ground-normal TKE dissipation rate profile [m^2/s^3]
u^* | Friction velocity [m/s]
\kappa | von Kármán constant [-]
z | Ground-normal coordinate component [m]
z_0 | Aerodynamic roughness length [m]
d | Ground-normal displacement height [m]
C_1 | Curve-fitting coefficient for \c YGCJ profiles [-]
C_2 | Curve-fitting coefficient for \c YGCJ profiles [-]
\endvartable
Usage
\heading Required fields
\plaintable
epsilon | Turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate [m^2/s^3]
\endplaintable
Example of the boundary condition specification:
\verbatim
ground
inlet
{
// Mandatory entries (unmodifiable)
type atmBoundaryLayerInletEpsilon;
// Mandatory (inherited) entries (unmodifiable)
flowDir (1 0 0);
z (0 0 1);
Uref 10.0;
Zref 20.0;
Zref 0.0;
z0 uniform 0.1;
zGround uniform 0.0;
d uniform 0.0;
// Optional (inherited) entries (unmodifiable)
kappa 0.41;
Cmu 0.09;
initABL true;
phi phi;
C1 0.0;
C2 1.0;
// Conditional mandatory (inherited) entries (runtime modifiable)
value uniform 0; // when initABL=false
}
\endverbatim
The inherited entries are elaborated in:
- \link atmBoundaryLayer.H \endlink
- \link inletOutletFvPatchField.H \endlink
See also
Foam::atmBoundaryLayer,
Foam::atmBoundaryLayerInletVelocityFvPatchVectorField,
Foam::atmBoundaryLayerInletKFvPatchScalarField
- Foam::atmBoundaryLayer
- Foam::atmBoundaryLayer::atmBoundaryLayerInletKFvPatchScalarField
- Foam::atmBoundaryLayer::atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField
- Foam::atmBoundaryLayer::atmBoundaryLayerInletVelocityFvPatchVectorField
- ExtendedCodeGuide::atmBoundaryLayer::atmBoundaryLayerInletEpsilon
SourceFiles
atmBoundaryLayerInletEpsilonFvPatchScalarField.C
@ -104,7 +151,7 @@ public:
);
//- Construct by mapping given
// atmBoundaryLayerInletEpsilonFvPatchScalarField onto a new patch
//- atmBoundaryLayerInletEpsilonFvPatchScalarField onto a new patch
atmBoundaryLayerInletEpsilonFvPatchScalarField
(
const atmBoundaryLayerInletEpsilonFvPatchScalarField&,
@ -142,12 +189,11 @@ public:
}
// Member functions
// Member Functions
//- Update the coefficients associated with the patch field
virtual void updateCoeffs();
// Mapping functions
//- Map (and resize as needed) from self given a mapping object

5
src/atmosphericModels/derivedFvPatchFields/atmBoundaryLayerInletK/atmBoundaryLayerInletKFvPatchScalarField.C
View File

@ -68,13 +68,14 @@ atmBoundaryLayerInletKFvPatchScalarField
refGrad() = 0;
valueFraction() = 1;
if (dict.found("value"))
if (!initABL_)
{
scalarField::operator=(scalarField("value", dict, p.size()));
}
else
{
scalarField::operator=(refValue());
initABL_ = false;
}
}
@ -148,8 +149,8 @@ void atmBoundaryLayerInletKFvPatchScalarField::rmap
void atmBoundaryLayerInletKFvPatchScalarField::write(Ostream& os) const
{
fvPatchScalarField::write(os);
atmBoundaryLayer::write(os);
os.writeEntryIfDifferent<word>("phi", "phi", phiName_);
atmBoundaryLayer::write(os);
writeEntry("value", os);
}

68
src/atmosphericModels/derivedFvPatchFields/atmBoundaryLayerInletK/atmBoundaryLayerInletKFvPatchScalarField.H
View File

@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
\\/ M anipulation |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Copyright (C) 2014-2018 OpenFOAM Foundation
Copyright (C) 2020 OpenCFD Ltd.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
License
This file is part of OpenFOAM.
@ -30,28 +31,71 @@ Group
grpRASBoundaryConditions grpInletBoundaryConditions
Description
This boundary condition specifies an inlet value for the turbulence
kinetic energy, \f$k\f$, appropriate for atmospheric boundary layers.
This boundary condition provides a log-law type ground-normal inflow
boundary condition for turbulent kinetic energy, i.e. \c k,
for homogeneous, two-dimensional, dry-air, equilibrium and neutral
atmospheric boundary layer modelling.
See Foam::atmBoundaryLayer for details.
The ground-normal \c k profile expression:
\f[
k = \frac{(u^*)^2}{\sqrt{C_\mu}}
\sqrt{C_1 \ln \left( \frac{z - d + z_0}{z_0} \right) + C_2}
\f]
where
\vartable
k | Ground-normal turbulent kinetic energy profile [m^2/s^3]
u^* | Friction velocity [m/s]
C_\mu | Empirical model constant [-]
C_1 | Curve-fitting coefficient for \c YGCJ profiles [-]
C_2 | Curve-fitting coefficient for \c YGCJ profiles [-]
\endvartable
Usage
\heading Required fields
\plaintable
k | Turbulent kinetic energy [m^2/s^2]
\endplaintable
Example of the boundary condition specification:
\verbatim
ground
inlet
{
// Mandatory entries (unmodifiable)
type atmBoundaryLayerInletK;
z (0 0 1);
// Mandatory (inherited) entries (unmodifiable)
Uref 10.0;
Zref 20.0;
Zref 0.0;
z0 uniform 0.1;
zGround uniform 0.0;
d uniform 0.0;
flowDir (1 0 0); // not used
z (0 0 1); // not used
// Optional (inherited) entries (unmodifiable)
kappa 0.41;
Cmu 0.09;
initABL true;
phi phi;
C1 0.0;
C2 1.0;
// Conditional mandatory (inherited) entries (runtime modifiable)
value uniform 0; // when initABL=false
}
\endverbatim
The inherited entries are elaborated in:
- \link atmBoundaryLayer.H \endlink
- \link inletOutletFvPatchField.H \endlink
See also
Foam::atmBoundaryLayer,
Foam::atmBoundaryLayerInletVelocityFvPatchVectorField,
Foam::atmBoundaryLayerInletEpsilonFvPatchScalarField
- Foam::atmBoundaryLayer
- Foam::atmBoundaryLayer::atmBoundaryLayerInletVelocityFvPatchVectorField
- Foam::atmBoundaryLayer::atmBoundaryLayerInletEpsilonFvPatchScalarField
- Foam::atmBoundaryLayer::atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField
- ExtendedCodeGuide::atmBoundaryLayer::atmBoundaryLayerInletK
SourceFiles
atmBoundaryLayerInletKFvPatchScalarField.C
@ -104,7 +148,7 @@ public:
);
//- Construct by mapping given
// atmBoundaryLayerInletKFvPatchScalarField onto a new patch
//- atmBoundaryLayerInletKFvPatchScalarField onto a new patch
atmBoundaryLayerInletKFvPatchScalarField
(
const atmBoundaryLayerInletKFvPatchScalarField&,
@ -142,7 +186,7 @@ public:
}
// Member functions
// Member Functions
//- Update the coefficients associated with the patch field
virtual void updateCoeffs();

169
src/atmosphericModels/derivedFvPatchFields/atmBoundaryLayerInletOmega/atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField.C Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
========= |
\\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
\\ / O peration |
\\ / A nd | www.openfoam.com
\\/ M anipulation |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Copyright (C) 2020 OpenCFD Ltd.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
License
This file is part of OpenFOAM.
OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.
OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with OpenFOAM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField.H"
#include "addToRunTimeSelectionTable.H"
#include "fvPatchFieldMapper.H"
#include "volFields.H"
#include "surfaceFields.H"
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
namespace Foam
{
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Constructors * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField::
atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField
(
const fvPatch& p,
const DimensionedField<scalar, volMesh>& iF
)
:
inletOutletFvPatchScalarField(p, iF),
atmBoundaryLayer(iF.time(), p.patch())
{}
atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField::
atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField
(
const fvPatch& p,
const DimensionedField<scalar, volMesh>& iF,
const dictionary& dict
)
:
inletOutletFvPatchScalarField(p, iF),
atmBoundaryLayer(iF.time(), p.patch(), dict)
{
phiName_ = dict.getOrDefault<word>("phi", "phi");
refValue() = omega(patch().Cf());
refGrad() = 0;
valueFraction() = 1;
if (!initABL_)
{
scalarField::operator=(scalarField("value", dict, p.size()));
}
else
{
scalarField::operator=(refValue());
initABL_ = false;
}
}
atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField::
atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField
(
const atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField& psf,
const fvPatch& p,
const DimensionedField<scalar, volMesh>& iF,
const fvPatchFieldMapper& mapper
)
:
inletOutletFvPatchScalarField(psf, p, iF, mapper),
atmBoundaryLayer(psf, p, mapper)
{}
atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField::
atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField
(
const atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField& psf,
const DimensionedField<scalar, volMesh>& iF
)
:
inletOutletFvPatchScalarField(psf, iF),
atmBoundaryLayer(psf)
{}
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Member Functions * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
void atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField::updateCoeffs()
{
if (updated())
{
return;
}
refValue() = omega(patch().Cf());
inletOutletFvPatchScalarField::updateCoeffs();
}
void atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField::autoMap
(
const fvPatchFieldMapper& m
)
{
inletOutletFvPatchScalarField::autoMap(m);
atmBoundaryLayer::autoMap(m);
}
void atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField::rmap
(
const fvPatchScalarField& psf,
const labelList& addr
)
{
inletOutletFvPatchScalarField::rmap(psf, addr);
const atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField& blpsf =
refCast<const atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField>(psf);
atmBoundaryLayer::rmap(blpsf, addr);
}
void atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField::write(Ostream& os) const
{
fvPatchScalarField::write(os);
os.writeEntryIfDifferent<word>("phi", "phi", phiName_);
atmBoundaryLayer::write(os);
writeEntry("value", os);
}
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
makePatchTypeField
(
fvPatchScalarField,
atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField
);
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
} // End namespace Foam
// ************************************************************************* //

223
src/atmosphericModels/derivedFvPatchFields/atmBoundaryLayerInletOmega/atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField.H Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,223 @@
/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
========= |
\\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
\\ / O peration |
\\ / A nd | www.openfoam.com
\\/ M anipulation |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Copyright (C) 2020 OpenCFD Ltd.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
This file is part of OpenFOAM.
OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.
OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with OpenFOAM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
Class
Foam::atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField
Group
grpRASBoundaryConditions grpInletBoundaryConditions
Description
This boundary condition provides a log-law type ground-normal inflow
boundary condition for specific dissipation rate, i.e. \c omega,
for homogeneous, two-dimensional, dry-air, equilibrium and neutral
atmospheric boundary layer modelling.
The ground-normal \c omega profile expression:
\f[
\omega = \frac{u^*}{\kappa \sqrt{C_\mu}} \frac{1}{z - d + z_0}
\f]
where
\vartable
\omega | Ground-normal specific dissipation rate profile [m^2/s^3]
u^* | Friction velocity [m/s]
\kappa | von Kármán constant [-]
C_\mu | Empirical model constant [-]
z | Ground-normal coordinate component [m]
d | Ground-normal displacement height [m]
z_0 | Aerodynamic roughness length [m]
\endvartable
Usage
\heading Required fields
\plaintable
omega | Specific dissipation rate [1/s]
\endplaintable
Example of the boundary condition specification:
\verbatim
inlet
{
// Mandatory entries (unmodifiable)
type atmBoundaryLayerInletOmega;
// Mandatory (inherited) entries (unmodifiable)
flowDir (1 0 0);
z (0 0 1);
Uref 10.0;
Zref 0.0;
z0 uniform 0.1;
d uniform 0.0;
// Optional (inherited) entries (unmodifiable)
kappa 0.41;
Cmu 0.09;
initABL true;
phi phi;
C1 0.0;
C2 1.0;
// Conditional mandatory (inherited) entries (runtime modifiable)
value uniform 0; // when initABL=false
}
\endverbatim
The inherited entries are elaborated in:
- \link atmBoundaryLayer.H \endlink
- \link inletOutletFvPatchField.H \endlink
See also
- Foam::atmBoundaryLayer
- Foam::atmBoundaryLayer::atmBoundaryLayerInletVelocityFvPatchVelocityField
- Foam::atmBoundaryLayer::atmBoundaryLayerInletEpsilonFvPatchScalarField
- Foam::atmBoundaryLayer::atmBoundaryLayerInletKFvPatchScalarField
- ExtendedCodeGuide::atmBoundaryLayer::atmBoundaryLayerInletOmega
SourceFiles
atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField.C
\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#ifndef atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField_H
#define atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField_H
#include "fvPatchFields.H"
#include "inletOutletFvPatchFields.H"
#include "atmBoundaryLayer.H"
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
namespace Foam
{
/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
Class atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField Declaration
\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
class atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField
:
public inletOutletFvPatchScalarField,
public atmBoundaryLayer
{
public:
//- Runtime type information
TypeName("atmBoundaryLayerInletOmega");
// Constructors
//- Construct from patch and internal field
atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField
(
const fvPatch&,
const DimensionedField<scalar, volMesh>&
);
//- Construct from patch, internal field and dictionary
atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField
(
const fvPatch&,
const DimensionedField<scalar, volMesh>&,
const dictionary&
);
//- Construct by mapping given
//- atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField onto a new patch
atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField
(
const atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField&,
const fvPatch&,
const DimensionedField<scalar, volMesh>&,
const fvPatchFieldMapper&
);
//- Construct and return a clone
virtual tmp<fvPatchScalarField> clone() const
{
return tmp<fvPatchScalarField>
(
new atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField(*this)
);
}
//- Construct as copy setting internal field reference
atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField
(
const atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField&,
const DimensionedField<scalar, volMesh>&
);
//- Construct and return a clone setting internal field reference
virtual tmp<fvPatchScalarField> clone
(
const DimensionedField<scalar, volMesh>& iF
) const
{
return tmp<fvPatchScalarField>
(
new atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField(*this, iF)
);
}
// Member Functions
//- Update the coefficients associated with the patch field
virtual void updateCoeffs();
// Mapping functions
//- Map (and resize as needed) from self given a mapping object
virtual void autoMap
(
const fvPatchFieldMapper&
);
//- Reverse map the given fvPatchField onto this fvPatchField
virtual void rmap
(
const fvPatchScalarField&,
const labelList&
);
//- Write
virtual void write(Ostream&) const;
};
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
} // End namespace Foam
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
#endif
// ************************************************************************* //

5
src/atmosphericModels/derivedFvPatchFields/atmBoundaryLayerInletVelocity/atmBoundaryLayerInletVelocityFvPatchVectorField.C
View File

@ -68,13 +68,14 @@ atmBoundaryLayerInletVelocityFvPatchVectorField
refGrad() = Zero;
valueFraction() = 1;
if (dict.found("value"))
if (!initABL_)
{
vectorField::operator=(vectorField("value", dict, p.size()));
}
else
{
vectorField::operator=(refValue());
initABL_ = false;
}
}
@ -148,8 +149,8 @@ void atmBoundaryLayerInletVelocityFvPatchVectorField::rmap
void atmBoundaryLayerInletVelocityFvPatchVectorField::write(Ostream& os) const
{
fvPatchVectorField::write(os);
atmBoundaryLayer::write(os);
os.writeEntryIfDifferent<word>("phi", "phi", phiName_);
atmBoundaryLayer::write(os);
writeEntry("value", os);
}

73
src/atmosphericModels/derivedFvPatchFields/atmBoundaryLayerInletVelocity/atmBoundaryLayerInletVelocityFvPatchVectorField.H
View File

@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
\\/ M anipulation |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Copyright (C) 2011-2018 OpenFOAM Foundation
Copyright (C) 2020 OpenCFD Ltd.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
License
This file is part of OpenFOAM.
@ -30,29 +31,77 @@ Group
grpRASBoundaryConditions grpInletBoundaryConditions
Description
This boundary condition specifies a velocity inlet profile appropriate
for atmospheric boundary layers (ABL).
This boundary condition provides a log-law type ground-normal inflow
boundary condition for streamwise component of wind velocity, i.e. \c u,
for homogeneous, two-dimensional, dry-air, equilibrium and neutral
atmospheric boundary layer modelling.
See Foam::atmBoundaryLayer for details.
The ground-normal streamwise flow speed profile expression:
\f[
u = \frac{u^*}{\kappa} \ln \left( \frac{z - d + z_0}{z_0} \right)
\f]
\f[
v = w = 0
\f]
where
\vartable
u | Ground-normal streamwise flow speed profile [m/s]
v | Spanwise flow speed [m/s]
w | Ground-normal flow speed [m/s]
u^* | Friction velocity [m/s]
\kappa | von Kármán constant [-]
z | Ground-normal coordinate component [m]
d | Ground-normal displacement height [m]
z_0 | Aerodynamic roughness length [m]
\endvartable
Usage
\heading Required fields
\plaintable
U | Velocity [m/s]
\endplaintable
Example of the boundary condition specification:
\verbatim
ground
inlet
{
// Mandatory entries (unmodifiable)
type atmBoundaryLayerInletVelocity;
n (1 0 0);
// Mandatory (inherited) entries (unmodifiable)
flowDir (1 0 0);
z (0 0 1);
Uref 10.0;
Zref 20.0;
Zref 0.0;
z0 uniform 0.1;
zGround uniform 0.0;
d uniform 0.0;
// Optional (inherited) entries (unmodifiable)
kappa 0.41;
Cmu 0.09;
initABL true;
phi phi;
C1 0.0;
C2 1.0;
// Conditional mandatory (inherited) entries (runtime modifiable)
value uniform (0 0 0); // when initABL=false
}
\endverbatim
The inherited entries are elaborated in:
- \link atmBoundaryLayer.H \endlink
- \link inletOutletFvPatchField.H \endlink
See also
Foam::atmBoundaryLayer,
Foam::atmBoundaryLayerInletKFvPatchScalarField,
Foam::atmBoundaryLayerInletEpsilonFvPatchScalarField
- Foam::atmBoundaryLayer
- Foam::atmBoundaryLayer::atmBoundaryLayerInletKFvPatchScalarField
- Foam::atmBoundaryLayer::atmBoundaryLayerInletEpsilonFvPatchScalarField
- Foam::atmBoundaryLayer::atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField
- ExtendedCodeGuide::atmBoundaryLayer::atmBoundaryLayerInletVelocity
SourceFiles
atmBoundaryLayerInletVelocityFvPatchVectorField.C
@ -105,7 +154,7 @@ public:
);
//- Construct by mapping given
// atmBoundaryLayerInletVelocityFvPatchVectorField onto a new patch
//- atmBoundaryLayerInletVelocityFvPatchVectorField onto a new patch
atmBoundaryLayerInletVelocityFvPatchVectorField
(
const atmBoundaryLayerInletVelocityFvPatchVectorField&,
@ -143,7 +192,7 @@ public:
}
// Member functions
// Member Functions
//- Update the coefficients associated with the patch field
virtual void updateCoeffs();