diff --git a/applications/utilities/preProcessing/createZeroDirectory/solverTemplate.C b/applications/utilities/preProcessing/createZeroDirectory/solverTemplate.C
index 7f4e344c18..aa1a5cf9bc 100644
--- a/applications/utilities/preProcessing/createZeroDirectory/solverTemplate.C
+++ b/applications/utilities/preProcessing/createZeroDirectory/solverTemplate.C
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     Copyright (C) 2015 OpenFOAM Foundation
-    Copyright (C) 2015-2016 OpenCFD Ltd.
+    Copyright (C) 2015-2020 OpenCFD Ltd.
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
     This file is part of OpenFOAM.
@@ -93,17 +93,18 @@ Foam::dictionary Foam::solverTemplate::readFluidFieldTemplates
 
     const dictionary fieldModels(solverDict.subDict("fluidModels"));
 
-    word turbulenceModel("laminar"); // default to laminar
-    word turbulenceType("none");
+    word turbModel("laminar"); // default to laminar
+    word turbType("none");
 
-    if (fieldModels.readIfPresent("turbulenceModel", turbulenceType))
+    if (fieldModels.readIfPresent("turbulenceModel", turbType))
     {
-        if (turbulenceType == "turbulenceModel")
+        if (turbType == "turbulenceModel")
         {
             IOdictionary turbPropDict
             (
                 IOobject
                 (
+                    // turbulenceModel::propertiesName
                     "turbulenceProperties",
                     runTime.constant(),
                     regionName,
@@ -118,17 +119,19 @@ Foam::dictionary Foam::solverTemplate::readFluidFieldTemplates
 
             if (modelType == "laminar")
             {
-                // Leave turbulenceModel as laminar
+                // Leave as laminar
             }
             else if (modelType == "RAS")
             {
+                // "RASModel" for v2006 and earlier
                 turbPropDict.subDict(modelType)
-                    .readEntry("RASModel", turbulenceModel);
+                    .readCompat("model", {{"RASModel", -2006}}, turbModel);
             }
             else if (modelType == "LES")
             {
+                // "LESModel" for v2006 and earlier
                 turbPropDict.subDict(modelType)
-                    .readEntry("LESModel", turbulenceModel);
+                    .readCompat("model", {{"LESModel", -2006}}, turbModel);
             }
             else
             {
@@ -141,20 +144,19 @@ Foam::dictionary Foam::solverTemplate::readFluidFieldTemplates
         else
         {
             FatalErrorInFunction
-                << "Unhandled turbulence model option " << turbulenceType
+                << "Unhandled turbulence model option " << turbType
                 << ". Valid options are turbulenceModel"
                 << exit(FatalError);
         }
     }
 
-    Info<< "    Selecting " << turbulenceType << ": " << turbulenceModel
-        << endl;
+    Info<< "    Selecting " << turbType << ": " << turbModel << endl;
 
     IOdictionary turbModelDict
     (
         IOobject
         (
-            fileName(turbModelDir/turbulenceModel),
+            fileName(turbModelDir/turbModel),
             runTime,
             IOobject::MUST_READ
         )
diff --git a/src/TurbulenceModels/turbulenceModels/LES/LESModel/LESModel.C b/src/TurbulenceModels/turbulenceModels/LES/LESModel/LESModel.C
index 25dba0baa6..0ce675aad7 100644
--- a/src/TurbulenceModels/turbulenceModels/LES/LESModel/LESModel.C
+++ b/src/TurbulenceModels/turbulenceModels/LES/LESModel/LESModel.C
@@ -151,7 +151,11 @@ Foam::LESModel<BasicTurbulenceModel>::New
 
     const dictionary& dict = modelDict.subDict("LES");
 
-    const word modelType(dict.get<word>("LESModel"));
+    const word modelType
+    (
+        // "LESModel" for v2006 and earlier
+        dict.getCompat<word>("model", {{"LESModel", -2006}})
+    );
 
     Info<< "Selecting LES turbulence model " << modelType << endl;
 
@@ -162,7 +166,7 @@ Foam::LESModel<BasicTurbulenceModel>::New
         FatalIOErrorInLookup
         (
             dict,
-            "LESModel",
+            "LES model",
             modelType,
             *dictionaryConstructorTablePtr_
         ) << exit(FatalIOError);
diff --git a/src/TurbulenceModels/turbulenceModels/RAS/RASModel/RASModel.C b/src/TurbulenceModels/turbulenceModels/RAS/RASModel/RASModel.C
index 2e463479c2..a0231a02d5 100644
--- a/src/TurbulenceModels/turbulenceModels/RAS/RASModel/RASModel.C
+++ b/src/TurbulenceModels/turbulenceModels/RAS/RASModel/RASModel.C
@@ -141,7 +141,11 @@ Foam::RASModel<BasicTurbulenceModel>::New
 
     const dictionary& dict = modelDict.subDict("RAS");
 
-    const word modelType(dict.get<word>("RASModel"));
+    const word modelType
+    (
+        // "RASModel" for v2006 and earlier
+        dict.getCompat<word>("model", {{"RASModel", -2006}})
+    );
 
     Info<< "Selecting RAS turbulence model " << modelType << endl;
 
@@ -152,7 +156,7 @@ Foam::RASModel<BasicTurbulenceModel>::New
         FatalIOErrorInLookup
         (
             dict,
-            "RASModel",
+            "RAS model",
             modelType,
             *dictionaryConstructorTablePtr_
         ) << exit(FatalIOError);
diff --git a/src/TurbulenceModels/turbulenceModels/laminar/laminarModel/laminarModel.C b/src/TurbulenceModels/turbulenceModels/laminar/laminarModel/laminarModel.C
index 17f679cf8b..3b2b179b36 100644
--- a/src/TurbulenceModels/turbulenceModels/laminar/laminarModel/laminarModel.C
+++ b/src/TurbulenceModels/turbulenceModels/laminar/laminarModel/laminarModel.C
@@ -112,7 +112,11 @@ Foam::laminarModel<BasicTurbulenceModel>::New
     {
         const dictionary& dict = *dictptr;
 
-        const word modelType(dict.get<word>("laminarModel"));
+        const word modelType
+        (
+            // laminarModel -> model (after v2006)
+            dict.getCompat<word>("model", {{"laminarModel", -2006}})
+        );
 
         Info<< "Selecting laminar stress model " << modelType << endl;
 
@@ -123,7 +127,7 @@ Foam::laminarModel<BasicTurbulenceModel>::New
             FatalIOErrorInLookup
             (
                 dict,
-                "laminarModel",
+                "laminar model",
                 modelType,
                 *dictionaryConstructorTablePtr_
             ) << exit(FatalIOError);
diff --git a/src/optimisation/adjointOptimisation/adjoint/turbulenceModels/turbulenceModelVariables/RAS/RASModelVariables/RASModelVariables.C b/src/optimisation/adjointOptimisation/adjoint/turbulenceModels/turbulenceModelVariables/RAS/RASModelVariables/RASModelVariables.C
index 4394e4884b..b460f784ba 100644
--- a/src/optimisation/adjointOptimisation/adjoint/turbulenceModels/turbulenceModelVariables/RAS/RASModelVariables/RASModelVariables.C
+++ b/src/optimisation/adjointOptimisation/adjoint/turbulenceModels/turbulenceModelVariables/RAS/RASModelVariables/RASModelVariables.C
@@ -272,9 +272,19 @@ autoPtr<RASModelVariables> RASModelVariables::New
         )
     );
 
-    const dictionary dict(modelDict.subOrEmptyDict("RAS"));
+    word modelType("laminar"); // default to laminar
 
-    const word modelType(dict.getOrDefault<word>("RASModel", "laminar"));
+    const dictionary* dictptr = modelDict.findDict("RAS");
+
+    if (dictptr)
+    {
+        // "RASModel" for v2006 and earlier
+        dictptr->readCompat("model", {{"RASModel", -2006}}, modelType);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        dictptr = &dictionary::null;
+    }
 
     Info<< "Creating references for RASModel variables : " << modelType << endl;
 
@@ -284,7 +294,7 @@ autoPtr<RASModelVariables> RASModelVariables::New
     {
         FatalIOErrorInLookup
         (
-            dict,
+            *dictptr,
             "RASModelVariables",
             modelType,
             *dictionaryConstructorTablePtr_