ENH: Adding reflection capability to solar load radiation model

ENH: Several modifycations to avoid erroneuos rays to be shot
from wrong faces.

ENH: Updating tutorials and avoiding registration of the
coarse singleCellFvMesh

Adding solarLoad tutorial case simpleCarSolarPanel

ENH: Changes needed for the merge

applications/solvers/multiphase/icoReactingMultiphaseInterFoam/laserDTRM/laserDTRM.C

@@ -533,6 +533,11 @@ bool Foam::radiation::laserDTRM::read()
     return false;
 }
 
+Foam::label Foam::radiation::laserDTRM::nBands() const
+{
+    return 1;
+}
+
 
 void Foam::radiation::laserDTRM::calculate()
 {

applications/solvers/multiphase/icoReactingMultiphaseInterFoam/laserDTRM/laserDTRM.H

@@ -250,6 +250,9 @@ public:
         //- Read radiation properties dictionary
         bool read();
 
+        //- Number of bands for this radiation model
+        virtual label nBands() const;
+
 
     // Access
 

src/meshTools/triSurface/triSurfaceTools/triSurfaceTools.H

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   =========                 |
   \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
    \\    /   O peration     |
-    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2016 OpenCFD Ltd.
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2019 OpenCFD Ltd.
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                             | Copyright (C) 2011-2018 OpenFOAM Foundation

src/parallel/distributed/patchDistMethods/exact/exactPatchDistMethod.C

@@ -77,6 +77,8 @@ Foam::patchDistMethods::exact::patchSurface() const
 
         Info<< "Triangulating local patch faces" << nl << endl;
 
+        labelList mapTriToGlobal;
+
         patchSurfPtr_.reset
         (
             new distributedTriSurfaceMesh
@@ -93,7 +95,8 @@ Foam::patchDistMethods::exact::patchSurface() const
                 triSurfaceTools::triangulate
                 (
                     pbm,
-                    patchIDs_
+                    patchIDs_,
+                    mapTriToGlobal
                 ),
                 dict
             )

src/thermophysicalModels/radiation/radiationModels/solarLoad/faceReflecting/faceReflecting.C

@@ -125,9 +125,11 @@ void Foam::faceReflecting::initialise(const dictionary& coeffs)
     // global face index
     globalIndex globalNumbering(mesh_.nFaces());
 
+
     // Collect faces with t = 0, r = 0 and a > 0 to shoot rays
     // and patches to construct the triSurface
     DynamicList<point> dynCf;
+    DynamicList<vector> dynNf;
     DynamicList<label> dynFacesI;
     forAll(patches, patchI)
     {
@@ -149,17 +151,31 @@ void Foam::faceReflecting::initialise(const dictionary& coeffs)
             const scalarField& r = tr();
             const scalarField& a = ta();
 
+            const vectorField& n = pp.faceNormals();
+
             forAll(pp, faceI)
             {
+                //const vector nf(n[faceI]);
                 // Opaque, non-reflective, absortived faces to shoot
-                if (t[faceI] == 0 && r[faceI] == 0 && a[faceI] > 0)
+                if
+                (
+                    t[faceI] == 0
+                 && r[faceI] == 0
+                 && a[faceI] > 0
+                )
                 {
                     dynFacesI.append(faceI + pp.start());
                     dynCf.append(cf[faceI]);
+                    dynNf.append(n[faceI]);
                 }
 
                 // relfective opaque patches to build reflective surface
-                if (r[faceI] > 0 && t[faceI] == 0)
+                // plus opaque non-reflective
+                if
+                (
+                    (r[faceI] > 0 && t[faceI] == 0) ||
+                    (t[faceI] == 0 && a[faceI] > 0 && r[faceI] == 0)
+                )
                 {
                     includePatches_.insert(patchI);
                 }
@@ -169,6 +185,7 @@ void Foam::faceReflecting::initialise(const dictionary& coeffs)
 
     shootFacesIds_.reset(new labelList(dynFacesI));
     Cfs_.reset(new pointField(dynCf));
+    Nfs_.reset(new vectorField(dynNf));
 
     // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
     // Create distributedTriSurfaceMesh
@@ -334,11 +351,15 @@ void Foam::faceReflecting::calculate()
         {
             const point& fc = Cfs_()[i];
 
+            const vector nf = Nfs_()[i];
+
             const label myFaceId = shootFacesIds_()[i];
 
             forAll (refDisDirsIndex, dirIndex)
             {
                 if (refDisDirsIndex[dirIndex] > -1)
+                {
+                    if ( (nf & refDiscAngles_[dirIndex]) > 0)
                     {
                         const vector direction = -refDiscAngles_[dirIndex];
 
@@ -351,6 +372,7 @@ void Foam::faceReflecting::calculate()
                     }
                 }
             }
+        }
 
     }while (returnReduce(i < Cfs_->size(), orOp<bool>()));
 
@@ -370,14 +392,6 @@ void Foam::faceReflecting::calculate()
     );
     const mapDistribute& map = mapPtr();
 
-    List<scalarField> r(nBands);
-    labelList refDirIndex(triangleIndex.size());
-
-    for (label bandI = 0; bandI < nBands; bandI++)
-    {
-        r[bandI].setSize(triangleIndex.size());
-    }
-
     PtrList<List<scalarField> > patchr(patches.size());
     PtrList<List<scalarField> > patcha(patches.size());
     forAll (patchr, patchi)
@@ -418,6 +432,14 @@ void Foam::faceReflecting::calculate()
         }
     }
 
+    List<scalarField> r(nBands);
+     for (label bandI = 0; bandI < nBands; bandI++)
+    {
+        r[bandI].setSize(triangleIndex.size());
+    }
+    labelList refDirIndex(triangleIndex.size());
+    labelList refIndex(triangleIndex.size());
+    // triangleIndex includes hits on non-reflecting and reflecting faces
     forAll(triangleIndex, i)
     {
         label trii = triangleIndex[i];
@@ -430,6 +452,7 @@ void Foam::faceReflecting::calculate()
         if (refFacesDirIndex.found(globalFace))
         {
             refDirIndex[i] = refFacesDirIndex.find(globalFace)();
+            refIndex[i] = globalFace;
         }
         for (label bandI = 0; bandI < nBands; bandI++)
         {
@@ -437,6 +460,7 @@ void Foam::faceReflecting::calculate()
         }
     }
     map.reverseDistribute(hitInfo.size(), refDirIndex);
+    map.reverseDistribute(hitInfo.size(), refIndex);
     for (label bandI = 0; bandI < nBands; bandI++)
     {
         map.reverseDistribute(hitInfo.size(), r[bandI]);
@@ -457,7 +481,11 @@ void Foam::faceReflecting::calculate()
     {
         if (hitInfo[rayI].hit())
         {
-            if (dirStartIndex[rayI]==refDirIndex[rayI])
+            if
+            (
+                dirStartIndex[rayI]==refDirIndex[rayI]
+             && refFacesDirIndex.found(refIndex[rayI])
+            )
             {
                 for (label bandI = 0; bandI < nBands; bandI++)
                 {
@@ -474,9 +502,18 @@ void Foam::faceReflecting::calculate()
 
                     const vectorField& nStart = ppStart.faceNormals();
 
+                    vector rayIn = refDiscAngles_[dirStartIndex[rayI]];
+
+                    rayIn /= mag(rayIn);
+
                     qrefBf[startPatchI][localStartFaceI] +=
-                        (qPrim*r[bandI][rayI]*spectralDistribution_[bandI]*a)
+                    (
-                        & nStart[localStartFaceI];
+                        (
+                            mag(qPrim)*r[bandI][rayI]*spectralDistribution_[bandI]
+                            *a*rayIn
+                        )
+                        & nStart[localStartFaceI]
+                    );
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -512,6 +549,7 @@ Foam::faceReflecting::faceReflecting
     surfacesMesh_(),
     shootFacesIds_(),
     Cfs_(),
+    Nfs_(),
     solarCalc_(solar),
     includePatches_(),
     mapTriToGlobal_()

src/thermophysicalModels/radiation/radiationModels/solarLoad/faceReflecting/faceReflecting.H

@@ -92,6 +92,9 @@ class faceReflecting
         //- Face centres from which rays are shot
         autoPtr<pointField> Cfs_;
 
+        //- Face normal from which rays are shot
+        autoPtr<vectorField> Nfs_;
+
         //- Solar calculator
         const solarCalculator& solarCalc_;
 

src/thermophysicalModels/radiation/radiationModels/solarLoad/solarLoad.C

@@ -52,7 +52,10 @@ namespace Foam
 
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * * Private Member Functions  * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
-void Foam::radiation::solarLoad::updateReflectedRays()
+void Foam::radiation::solarLoad::updateReflectedRays
+(
+    const labelHashSet& includePatches
+)
 {
     if (reflectedFaces_.empty() && !hitFaces_.empty())
     {
@@ -72,11 +75,40 @@ void Foam::radiation::solarLoad::updateReflectedRays()
     reflectedFaces_->correct();
 
     volScalarField::Boundary& qrBf = qr_.boundaryFieldRef();
+    const scalarField& V = mesh_.V();
+    const polyBoundaryMesh& patches = mesh_.boundaryMesh();
+
+    forAll (qrBf, patchID)
+    {
+        if (includePatches[patchID])
+        {
+            for (label bandI = 0; bandI < nBands_; bandI++)
+            {
+                qrBf[patchID] +=
+                reflectedFaces_->qreflective(bandI).boundaryField()[patchID];
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            const scalarField& sf = mesh_.magSf().boundaryField()[patchID];
+            const labelList cellIs = patches[patchID].faceCells();
 
             for (label bandI = 0; bandI < nBands_; bandI++)
             {
-        qrBf += reflectedFaces_->qreflective(bandI).boundaryField();
+                forAll (cellIs, i)
+                {
+                    const label cellI = cellIs[i];
+
+                    Ru_[cellI] +=
+                        (reflectedFaces_->qreflective(bandI).
+                            boundaryField()[patchID][i] * sf[i])/V[cellI];
                 }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+
+
 }
 
 
@@ -863,7 +895,7 @@ void Foam::radiation::solarLoad::calculate()
         // Add specular reflected radiation
         if (useReflectedRays_)
         {
-            updateReflectedRays();
+            updateReflectedRays(includeMappedPatchBasePatches);
         }
 
         firstIter_ = false;

src/thermophysicalModels/radiation/radiationModels/solarLoad/solarLoad.H

@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ private:
         void updateDirectHitRadiation(const labelList&, const labelHashSet&);
 
         //- Update reflected heat flux
-        void updateReflectedRays();
+        void updateReflectedRays(const labelHashSet&);
 
         //- Calculate diffusive heat flux
         //void calculateQdiff(const labelHashSet&, const labelHashSet&);

src/thermophysicalModels/radiation/radiationModels/viewFactor/viewFactor.C

@@ -239,7 +239,8 @@ Foam::radiation::viewFactor::viewFactor(const volScalarField& T)
             mesh_.polyMesh::instance(),
             mesh_.time(),
             IOobject::NO_READ,
-            IOobject::NO_WRITE
+            IOobject::NO_WRITE,
+            false
         ),
         mesh_,
         finalAgglom_
@@ -300,7 +301,8 @@ Foam::radiation::viewFactor::viewFactor
             mesh_.polyMesh::instance(),
             mesh_.time(),
             IOobject::NO_READ,
-            IOobject::NO_WRITE
+            IOobject::NO_WRITE,
+            false
         ),
         mesh_,
         finalAgglom_
@@ -385,15 +387,9 @@ void Foam::radiation::viewFactor::calculate()
         solarLoad_->calculate();
     }
 
-<<<<<<< HEAD
-    scalarField compactCoarseT4(map_->constructSize(), Zero);
-    scalarField compactCoarseE(map_->constructSize(), Zero);
-    scalarField compactCoarseHo(map_->constructSize(), Zero);
-=======
      // Net radiation
     scalarField q(totalNCoarseFaces_, 0.0);
     volScalarField::Boundary& qrBf = qr_.boundaryFieldRef();
->>>>>>> ENH:
 
     globalIndex globalNumbering(nLocalCoarseFaces_);
 
@@ -429,13 +425,7 @@ void Foam::radiation::viewFactor::calculate()
             const tmp<scalarField> teb =
                 boundaryRadiation.emissivity(patchID, bandI);
 
-<<<<<<< HEAD
-        scalarList T4ave(pp.size(), Zero);
-        scalarList Eave(pp.size(), Zero);
-        scalarList Hoiave(pp.size(), Zero);
-=======
             const scalarField& eb = teb();
->>>>>>> ENH:
 
             const tmp<scalarField> tHoi = qrp.qro(bandI);
             const scalarField& Hoi = tHoi();
@@ -492,17 +482,10 @@ void Foam::radiation::viewFactor::calculate()
         SubList<scalar>(compactCoarseHo, nLocalCoarseFaces_) =
             localCoarseHoave;
 
-<<<<<<< HEAD
-    // Create global size vectors
-    scalarField T4(totalNCoarseFaces_, Zero);
-    scalarField E(totalNCoarseFaces_, Zero);
-    scalarField qrExt(totalNCoarseFaces_, Zero);
-=======
         // Distribute data
         map_->distribute(compactCoarseT4);
         map_->distribute(compactCoarseE);
         map_->distribute(compactCoarseHo);
->>>>>>> ENH:
 
         // Distribute local global ID
         labelList compactGlobalIds(map_->constructSize(), Zero);
@@ -519,45 +502,18 @@ void Foam::radiation::viewFactor::calculate()
 
         map_->distribute(compactGlobalIds);
 
-<<<<<<< HEAD
-    // Net radiation
-    scalarField q(totalNCoarseFaces_, Zero);
-=======
         // Create global size vectors
         scalarField T4(totalNCoarseFaces_, 0.0);
         scalarField E(totalNCoarseFaces_, 0.0);
         scalarField qrExt(totalNCoarseFaces_, 0.0);
->>>>>>> ENH:
 
         // Fill lists from compact to global indexes.
         forAll(compactCoarseT4, i)
         {
-<<<<<<< HEAD
-            scalarSquareMatrix C(totalNCoarseFaces_, Zero);
-
-            for (label i=0; i<totalNCoarseFaces_; i++)
-            {
-                for (label j=0; j<totalNCoarseFaces_; j++)
-                {
-                    const scalar invEj = 1.0/E[j];
-                    const scalar sigmaT4 = physicoChemical::sigma.value()*T4[j];
-
-                    if (i==j)
-                    {
-                        C(i, j) = invEj - (invEj - 1.0)*Fmatrix_()(i, j);
-                        q[i] += (Fmatrix_()(i, j) - 1.0)*sigmaT4 - qrExt[j];
-                    }
-                    else
-                    {
-                        C(i, j) = (1.0 - invEj)*Fmatrix_()(i, j);
-                        q[i] += Fmatrix_()(i, j)*sigmaT4;
-                    }
-=======
             T4[compactGlobalIds[i]] = compactCoarseT4[i];
             E[compactGlobalIds[i]] = compactCoarseE[i];
             qrExt[compactGlobalIds[i]] = compactCoarseHo[i];
         }
->>>>>>> ENH:
 
         Pstream::listCombineGather(T4, maxEqOp<scalar>());
         Pstream::listCombineGather(E, maxEqOp<scalar>());

src/thermophysicalModels/radiation/submodels/boundaryRadiationProperties/boundaryRadiationPropertiesPatch.C

@@ -51,7 +51,10 @@ Foam::radiation::boundaryRadiationPropertiesPatch::New
     const polyPatch& pp
 )
 {
-    word modelType(dict.lookup("type"));
+    word modelType
+    (
+        dict.lookupCompat("type", {{"mode", 1812}})
+    );
 
     Info<< "Selecting boundary radiation Model: "
         << modelType << endl;

tutorials/heatTransfer/buoyantSimpleFoam/hotRadiationRoomFvDOM/constant/radiationProperties

@@ -21,10 +21,10 @@ radiationModel  fvDOM;
 
 fvDOMCoeffs
 {
-    nPhi        3;      // azimuthal angles in PI/2 on X-Y.(from Y to X)
+    nPhi        3;
-    nTheta      5;      // polar angles in PI (from Z to X-Y plane)
+    nTheta      5;
-    maxIter     10;     // maximum number of iterations
+    tolerance   1e-3;
-    tolerance   1e-3;   // convergence criteria for radiation iteration
+    maxIter     10;
 }
 
 // Number of flow iterations per radiation iteration

tutorials/heatTransfer/buoyantSimpleFoam/simpleCarSolarPanel/0.orig/T

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| =========                 |                                                 |
+| \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox           |
+|  \\    /   O peration     | Version:  v1806                                 |
+|   \\  /    A nd           | Web:      www.OpenFOAM.com                      |
+|    \\/     M anipulation  |                                                 |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+    version     2.0;
+    format      ascii;
+    class       volScalarField;
+    location    "0";
+    object      T;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+dimensions      [0 0 0 1 0 0 0];
+
+internalField   uniform 300;
+
+boundaryField
+{
+    "(solarpanel.*|ref_wall|ZMin)"
+    {
+        type            zeroGradient;
+        value           $internalField;
+    }
+
+    "(YMax|YMin|XMax|XMin|ZMax)"
+    {
+        type            inletOutlet;
+        inletValue      $internalField;
+        value           $internalField;
+    }
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

tutorials/heatTransfer/buoyantSimpleFoam/simpleCarSolarPanel/0.orig/U

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| =========                 |                                                 |
+| \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox           |
+|  \\    /   O peration     | Version:  v1806                                 |
+|   \\  /    A nd           | Web:      www.OpenFOAM.com                      |
+|    \\/     M anipulation  |                                                 |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+    version     2.0;
+    format      ascii;
+    class       volVectorField;
+    location    "0";
+    object      U;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+dimensions      [0 1 -1 0 0 0 0];
+
+internalField   uniform (0.1 0 0);
+
+boundaryField
+{
+    #includeEtc "caseDicts/setConstraintTypes"
+
+    "(solarpanel.*|ref_wall|YMax|YMin|XMax|XMin|ZMin)"
+    {
+        type            fixedValue;
+        value           $internalField;
+    }
+
+    ZMax
+    {
+        type            pressureInletOutletVelocity;
+        value           $internalField;
+    }
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

tutorials/heatTransfer/buoyantSimpleFoam/simpleCarSolarPanel/0.orig/p

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| =========                 |                                                 |
+| \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox           |
+|  \\    /   O peration     | Version:  v1806                                 |
+|   \\  /    A nd           | Web:      www.OpenFOAM.com                      |
+|    \\/     M anipulation  |                                                 |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+    version     2.0;
+    format      ascii;
+    class       volScalarField;
+    location    "0";
+    object      p;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+dimensions      [1 -1 -2 0 0 0 0];
+
+internalField   uniform 101325;
+
+boundaryField
+{
+    #includeEtc "caseDicts/setConstraintTypes"
+
+   ".*"
+   {
+       type     calculated;
+       value    $internalField;
+   }
+
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

tutorials/heatTransfer/buoyantSimpleFoam/simpleCarSolarPanel/0.orig/p_rgh

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| =========                 |                                                 |
+| \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox           |
+|  \\    /   O peration     | Version:  v1806                                 |
+|   \\  /    A nd           | Web:      www.OpenFOAM.com                      |
+|    \\/     M anipulation  |                                                 |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+    version     2.0;
+    format      ascii;
+    class       volScalarField;
+    location    "0";
+    object      p_rgh;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+dimensions      [1 -1 -2 0 0 0 0];
+
+internalField   uniform 101325;
+
+boundaryField
+{
+    #includeEtc "caseDicts/setConstraintTypes"
+
+    "(solarpanel.*|ref_wall|YMax|YMin|XMax|XMin|ZMin)"
+    {
+        type            fixedFluxPressure;
+        value           $internalField;
+    }
+    ZMax
+    {
+        type            prghTotalPressure;
+        p0              $internalField;
+    }
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

tutorials/heatTransfer/buoyantSimpleFoam/simpleCarSolarPanel/Allclean

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+cd ${0%/*} || exit 1                        # Run from this directory
+. $WM_PROJECT_DIR/bin/tools/CleanFunctions  # Tutorial clean functions
+
+cleanCase0
+rm -rf constant/extendedFeatureEdgeMesh
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

tutorials/heatTransfer/buoyantSimpleFoam/simpleCarSolarPanel/Allrun

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+cd ${0%/*} || exit 1                        # Run from this directory
+. $WM_PROJECT_DIR/bin/tools/RunFunctions    # Tutorial run functions
+
+runApplication blockMesh
+
+restore0Dir
+
+runApplication surfaceFeatureExtract
+
+runApplication snappyHexMesh -overwrite
+
+runApplication $(getApplication)
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

tutorials/heatTransfer/buoyantSimpleFoam/simpleCarSolarPanel/constant/boundaryRadiationProperties

@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| =========                 |                                                 |
+| \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox           |
+|  \\    /   O peration     | Version:  v1806                                 |
+|   \\  /    A nd           | Web:      www.OpenFOAM.com                      |
+|    \\/     M anipulation  |                                                 |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+    version     2.0;
+    format      ascii;
+    class       dictionary;
+    location    "constant";
+    object      boundaryRadiationProperties;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+".*"
+{
+    type            transparent;
+    wallAbsorptionEmissionModel
+    {
+        type            multiBandAbsorption;
+        emissivity      (1 1);
+        absorptivity    (0 0);
+    };
+}
+
+body_bottom
+{
+    type    opaqueDiffusive;
+    wallAbsorptionEmissionModel
+    {
+        type            multiBandAbsorption;
+        absorptivity    (0.3 0.7);
+        emissivity      (0.3 0.7);
+    };
+}
+
+"(solarpanel.*)"
+{
+    type    opaqueDiffusive;
+    wallAbsorptionEmissionModel
+    {
+        type            multiBandAbsorption;
+        absorptivity    (0.3 0.7);
+        emissivity      (0.3 0.7);
+    };
+}
+
+ref_wall
+{
+    type   opaqueReflective;
+
+    // Fraction of the reflected is diffussive
+   fd          0.0; // 0: all specular 1: all diffusive
+
+    wallAbsorptionEmissionModel
+    {
+        type   multiBandAbsorption;
+        absorptivity   (0.03 0.07);
+        emissivity     (0.03 0.07);
+    };
+}
+
+ZMin
+{
+    type   opaqueDiffusive;
+    wallAbsorptionEmissionModel
+    {
+        type            multiBandAbsorption;
+        absorptivity    (0.3 0.7);
+        emissivity      (0.3 0.7);
+    };
+}

tutorials/heatTransfer/buoyantSimpleFoam/simpleCarSolarPanel/constant/g

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| =========                 |                                                 |
+| \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox           |
+|  \\    /   O peration     | Version:  v1806                                 |
+|   \\  /    A nd           | Web:      www.OpenFOAM.com                      |
+|    \\/     M anipulation  |                                                 |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+    version         2.0;
+    format          ascii;
+    class           uniformDimensionedVectorField;
+    location        "constant";
+    object          g;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+dimensions      [0 1 -2 0 0 0 0];
+
+value           (0 0 -9.81);
+

tutorials/heatTransfer/buoyantSimpleFoam/simpleCarSolarPanel/constant/radiationProperties

@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| =========                 |                                                 |
+| \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox           |
+|  \\    /   O peration     | Version:  v1806                                 |
+|   \\  /    A nd           | Web:      www.OpenFOAM.com                      |
+|    \\/     M anipulation  |                                                 |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+    version     2.0;
+    format      ascii;
+    class       dictionary;
+    location    "constant";
+    object      radiationProperties;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+radiation       on;
+
+radiationModel  solarLoad;
+
+solarLoadCoeffs
+{
+    sunDirectionModel   sunDirConstant;
+
+    skyCloudCoverFraction 0;
+
+    sunDirection        (-1 0.7 -1.5);
+
+    localStandardMeridian   -8;     // GMT offset (hours)
+    startDay                22;     // day of the year
+    startTime               10;     // time of the day (hours decimal)
+
+    longitude               -118.243683;    // longitude (degrees)
+    latitude                34.052235;      // latitude (degrees)
+
+    // Grid orientation
+    gridUp                  (0 0 1);
+    gridEast                (0 1 0);
+
+    // Energy spectrum
+    spectralDistribution (2 1);
+
+    // Solar model:
+    // sunLoadConstant-sunLoadFairWeatherConditions-SunLoadTheoreticalMaximum;
+    sunLoadModel sunLoadFairWeatherConditions;
+
+    // Sun load constant model
+    //directSolarRad  500;
+    //diffuseSolarRad 40;
+
+    // Fair Weather Conditions Model Constants.
+    // Calculate beta from the Solar calculator or input
+    A       2229.78119355;       // Apparent solar irradiation at air mass m = 0
+    B       0.142064516129;      // Atmospheric extinction coefficient
+
+    //beta    45;       // Solar altitude (in degrees) above the horizontal
+
+    // Theoretical maximum model constants
+    //Setrn       10;
+    //SunPrime    1;
+
+    // Ground reflectivity
+    groundReflectivity 0.2;
+
+    // Solar diffusivity constants
+    C       0.058064516129;  // Model constant
+
+    // Radiative flux coupling flags
+    solidCoupled    false;  // Couple through Qr the solid regions (default true)
+    wallCoupled     true;  // Couple through Qr wall patches (default false)
+
+        // Reflecting rays
+        useReflectedRays true;
+        reflecting
+        {
+            nPhi        10;
+            nTheta      10;
+        }
+
+    absorptionEmissionModel none;
+    scatterModel            none;
+    sootModel               none;
+
+}
+
+// Number of flow iterations per radiation iteration
+solverFreq 1;
+
+absorptionEmissionModel none;
+
+scatterModel    none;
+
+sootModel       none;
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

tutorials/heatTransfer/buoyantSimpleFoam/simpleCarSolarPanel/constant/thermophysicalProperties

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| =========                 |                                                 |
+| \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox           |
+|  \\    /   O peration     | Version:  v1806                                 |
+|   \\  /    A nd           | Web:      www.OpenFOAM.com                      |
+|    \\/     M anipulation  |                                                 |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+    version         2.0;
+    format          ascii;
+    class           dictionary;
+    location        "constant";
+    object          thermophysicalProperties;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+thermoType
+{
+    type            heRhoThermo;
+    mixture         pureMixture;
+    transport       const;
+    thermo          hConst;
+    equationOfState perfectGas;
+    specie          specie;
+    energy          sensibleEnthalpy;
+}
+
+mixture
+{
+
+    specie
+    {
+        molWeight       28.966;
+    }
+
+    thermodynamics
+    {
+        Cp              1006.43;
+        Hf              0;
+    }
+
+    transport
+    {
+        mu              1.846e-05;
+        Pr              0.706414;
+    }
+}
+

tutorials/heatTransfer/buoyantSimpleFoam/simpleCarSolarPanel/constant/turbulenceProperties

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| =========                 |                                                 |
+| \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox           |
+|  \\    /   O peration     | Version:  v1806                                 |
+|   \\  /    A nd           | Web:      www.OpenFOAM.com                      |
+|    \\/     M anipulation  |                                                 |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+    version         2.0;
+    format          ascii;
+    class           dictionary;
+    location        "constant";
+    object          turbulenceProperties;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+simulationType  laminar;
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

tutorials/heatTransfer/buoyantSimpleFoam/simpleCarSolarPanel/system/blockMeshDict

@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| =========                 |                                                 |
+| \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox           |
+|  \\    /   O peration     | Version:  v1806                                 |
+|   \\  /    A nd           | Web:      www.OpenFOAM.com                      |
+|    \\/     M anipulation  |                                                 |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+    version     2.0;
+    format      ascii;
+    class       dictionary;
+    object      blockMeshDict;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+convertToMeters 1;
+
+X_MIN_TUNNEL        -1.84;
+Y_MIN_TUNNEL        -2.1;
+Z_MIN_TUNNEL        -3.0616171e-17;
+X_MAX_TUNNEL        1.085;
+Y_MAX_TUNNEL        2.4;
+Z_MAX_TUNNEL        3.25;
+NCELLS_X            11;
+NCELLS_Y            17;
+NCELLS_Z            12;
+
+
+vertices
+(
+    ( $X_MIN_TUNNEL  $Y_MIN_TUNNEL  $Z_MIN_TUNNEL )	//Node 0
+    ( $X_MAX_TUNNEL  $Y_MIN_TUNNEL  $Z_MIN_TUNNEL )	//Node 1
+    ( $X_MAX_TUNNEL  $Y_MAX_TUNNEL  $Z_MIN_TUNNEL )	//Node 2
+    ( $X_MIN_TUNNEL  $Y_MAX_TUNNEL  $Z_MIN_TUNNEL )	//Node 3
+    ( $X_MIN_TUNNEL  $Y_MIN_TUNNEL  $Z_MAX_TUNNEL )	//Node 4
+    ( $X_MAX_TUNNEL  $Y_MIN_TUNNEL  $Z_MAX_TUNNEL )	//Node 5
+    ( $X_MAX_TUNNEL  $Y_MAX_TUNNEL  $Z_MAX_TUNNEL )	//Node 6
+    ( $X_MIN_TUNNEL  $Y_MAX_TUNNEL  $Z_MAX_TUNNEL )	//Node 7
+
+);
+
+blocks
+(
+    hex (0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7) ( $NCELLS_X  $NCELLS_Y  $NCELLS_Z)
+    simpleGrading (1 1 1)
+);
+
+edges
+(
+);
+
+boundary
+(
+    XMin
+    {
+        type patch;
+        faces
+        (
+            (0 4 7 3)
+        );
+    }
+    XMax
+    {
+        type patch;
+        faces
+        (
+            (1 2 6 5)
+        );
+    }
+    YMin
+    {
+        type patch;
+        faces
+        (
+            (0 1 5 4)
+        );
+    }
+    YMax
+    {
+        type patch;
+        faces
+        (
+            (3 7 6 2)
+        );
+    }
+    ZMin
+    {
+        type wall;
+        faces
+        (
+            (0 3 2 1)
+        );
+    }
+    ZMax
+    {
+        type patch;
+        faces
+        (
+            (4 5 6 7)
+        );
+    }
+);
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

tutorials/heatTransfer/buoyantSimpleFoam/simpleCarSolarPanel/system/controlDict

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| =========                 |                                                 |
+| \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox           |
+|  \\    /   O peration     | Version:  v1806                                 |
+|   \\  /    A nd           | Web:      www.OpenFOAM.com                      |
+|    \\/     M anipulation  |                                                 |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+    version     2.0;
+    format      ascii;
+    class       dictionary;
+    object      controlDict;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+application     buoyantSimpleFoam;
+
+startFrom       startTime;
+
+startTime       0;
+
+stopAt          endTime;
+
+endTime         50;
+
+deltaT          1;
+
+writeControl    timeStep;
+
+writeInterval   5;
+
+writeFormat     ascii;
+
+writePrecision  6;
+
+writeCompression off;
+
+timeFormat      general;
+
+timePrecision   6;
+
+runTimeModifiable true;
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

tutorials/heatTransfer/buoyantSimpleFoam/simpleCarSolarPanel/system/fvSchemes

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| =========                 |                                                 |
+| \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox           |
+|  \\    /   O peration     | Version:  v1806                                 |
+|   \\  /    A nd           | Web:      www.OpenFOAM.com                      |
+|    \\/     M anipulation  |                                                 |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+    version     2.0;
+    format      ascii;
+    class       dictionary;
+    object      fvSchemes;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+ddtSchemes
+{
+    default         steadyState;
+}
+
+gradSchemes
+{
+    default         Gauss linear;
+}
+
+divSchemes
+{
+    default         none;
+
+    div(phi,U)      bounded Gauss upwind;
+    div(phi,h)      bounded Gauss upwind;
+    div(phi,k)      bounded Gauss upwind;
+    div(phi,K)      bounded Gauss upwind;
+    div(phi,epsilon) bounded Gauss upwind;
+
+    div(((rho*nuEff)*dev2(T(grad(U))))) Gauss linear;
+
+}
+
+laplacianSchemes
+{
+    default         Gauss linear limited corrected 0.333;
+}
+
+interpolationSchemes
+{
+    default         linear;
+}
+
+snGradSchemes
+{
+    default         limited corrected 0.333;
+}
+
+fluxRequired
+{
+    default         no;
+    p_rgh;
+}
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

tutorials/heatTransfer/buoyantSimpleFoam/simpleCarSolarPanel/system/fvSolution

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| =========                 |                                                 |
+| \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox           |
+|  \\    /   O peration     | Version:  v1806                                 |
+|   \\  /    A nd           | Web:      www.OpenFOAM.com                      |
+|    \\/     M anipulation  |                                                 |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+    version     2.0;
+    format      ascii;
+    class       dictionary;
+    location    "system";
+    object      fvSolution;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+solvers
+{
+    p_rgh
+    {
+        solver           GAMG;
+        tolerance        1e-8;
+        relTol           0.01;
+
+        smoother         GaussSeidel;
+
+        cacheAgglomeration true;
+        nCellsInCoarsestLevel 10;
+        agglomerator     faceAreaPair;
+        mergeLevels      1;
+    }
+
+
+    "(U|h|k|epsilon)"
+    {
+        solver           PBiCGStab;
+        preconditioner   DILU;
+        tolerance        1e-7;
+        relTol           0.05;
+    }
+}
+
+SIMPLE
+{
+    momentumPredictor no;
+    nNonOrthogonalCorrectors 0;
+}
+
+relaxationFactors
+{
+    fields
+    {
+        rho             1;
+        p_rgh           0.7;
+    }
+    equations
+    {
+        U               0.01;
+        h               0.3;
+    }
+}
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

tutorials/heatTransfer/buoyantSimpleFoam/simpleCarSolarPanel/system/meshQualityDict

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| =========                 |                                                 |
+| \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox           |
+|  \\    /   O peration     | Version:  v1806                                 |
+|   \\  /    A nd           | Web:      www.OpenFOAM.com                      |
+|    \\/     M anipulation  |                                                 |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+    version     2.0;
+    format      ascii;
+    class       dictionary;
+    object      meshQualityDict;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+// Include defaults parameters from master dictionary
+#includeEtc "caseDicts/meshQualityDict"
+
+//- minFaceWeight (0 -> 0.5)
+minFaceWeight 0.02;
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

tutorials/heatTransfer/buoyantSimpleFoam/simpleCarSolarPanel/system/snappyHexMeshDict

@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| =========                 |                                                 |
+| \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox           |
+|  \\    /   O peration     | Version:  v1806                                 |
+|   \\  /    A nd           | Web:      www.OpenFOAM.com                      |
+|    \\/     M anipulation  |                                                 |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+    version     2.0;
+    format      ascii;
+    class       dictionary;
+    object      snappyHexMeshDict;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+castellatedMesh true;
+snap            true;
+addLayers	    false;
+
+
+geometry
+{
+    simpleCar.stl
+    {
+        type triSurfaceMesh;
+        name	simpleCar ;
+        regions
+        {
+            body_bottom
+            {
+                name	body_bottom;
+            }
+            solarpanel_body_left
+            {
+                name	solarpanel_body_left;
+            }
+            solarpanel_body_right
+            {
+                name	solarpanel_body_right;
+            }
+            solarpanel_body_top
+            {
+                name	solarpanel_body_top;
+            }
+            solarpanel_body_back
+            {
+                name	solarpanel_body_back;
+            }
+            ref_wall
+            {
+                name	ref_wall;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+};
+
+castellatedMeshControls
+{
+    maxLocalCells       200000000;
+    maxGlobalCells      300000000;
+    minRefinementCells  20;
+    nCellsBetweenLevels 2;
+    maxLoadUnbalance    0.2;
+    allowFreeStandingZoneFaces true;
+    resolveFeatureAngle	 30;
+    features
+    (
+        {
+            file "simpleCar.eMesh" ;
+            level 0 ;
+        }
+    );
+
+    refinementSurfaces
+    {
+        simpleCar
+        {
+            level (2 2);
+            regions
+            {
+                body_bottom
+                {
+                    level (2  2);
+                    status 1 ;
+                }
+                solarpanel_body_left
+                {
+                    level (3  3);
+                    status 1 ;
+                }
+                solarpanel_body_right
+                {
+                    level (3  3);
+                    status 1 ;
+                }
+                solarpanel_body_top
+                {
+                    level (3  3);
+                    status 1 ;
+                }
+                solarpanel_body_back
+                {
+                    level (3  3);
+                    status 1 ;
+                }
+                ref_wall
+                {
+                    level (2  2);
+                    status 1 ;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    refinementRegions
+    {
+    }
+
+    locationInMesh ( 0.695 1.95 2.875 ) ;
+}
+
+snapControls
+{
+    tolerance       2;
+    implicitFeatureSnap false;
+    explicitFeatureSnap true;
+    multiRegionFeatureSnap true;
+    detectNearSurfacesSnap true;
+    nSmoothPatch    3;
+    nSolveIter      100;
+    nRelaxIter      5;
+    nFeatureSnapIter    20;
+}
+
+addLayersControls
+{
+}
+
+// Generic mesh quality settings. At any undoable phase these determine
+// where to undo.
+meshQualityControls
+{
+    #include "meshQualityDict"
+
+
+    // Advanced
+
+    //- Number of error distribution iterations
+    nSmoothScale 4;
+    //- Amount to scale back displacement at error points
+    errorReduction 0.75;
+}
+
+mergeTolerance  1e-06;
+

tutorials/heatTransfer/buoyantSimpleFoam/simpleCarSolarPanel/system/surfaceFeatureExtractDict

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| =========                 |                                                 |
+| \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox           |
+|  \\    /   O peration     | Version:  v1806                                 |
+|   \\  /    A nd           | Web:      www.OpenFOAM.com                      |
+|    \\/     M anipulation  |                                                 |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+    version         2.0;
+    format          ascii;
+    class           dictionary;
+    object          surfaceFeatureExtractDict;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+simpleCar.stl
+{
+    extractionMethod extractFromSurface;
+    writeObj        yes;
+
+    extractFromSurfaceCoeffs
+    {
+        includedAngle   150;
+    }
+}
+

tutorials/heatTransfer/chtMultiRegionFoam/externalSolarLoad/constant/air/boundaryRadiationProperties

@@ -36,10 +36,9 @@ air_to_solid
 
     wallAbsorptionEmissionModel
     {
-        type    solidAbsorption;
+        type            multiBandAbsorption;
-        //multiBandAbsorption;
+        absorptivity    (0.1 0.1);
-        //absorptivity    (0.1 0.1);
+        emissivity      (0.1 0.1);
-        //emissivity      (0.1 0.1);
     };
 }
 

tutorials/heatTransfer/chtMultiRegionFoam/externalSolarLoad/constant/air/radiationProperties

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ FoamFile
 
 radiation       on;
 
-radiationModel  viewFactor;//solarLoad;
+radiationModel  viewFactor;
 
 solarLoadCoeffs
 {

tutorials/heatTransfer/chtMultiRegionFoam/externalSolarLoad/constant/floor/radiationProperties

@@ -16,11 +16,11 @@ FoamFile
 }
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
-radiation       on;
+radiation       off;
 
-radiationModel  opaqueSolid;
+radiationModel  none;//opaqueSolid;
 
-absorptionEmissionModel multiBandSolidAbsorptionEmission;
+absorptionEmissionModel none;
 
 multiBandSolidAbsorptionEmissionCoeffs
 {

tutorials/heatTransfer/chtMultiRegionFoam/externalSolarLoad/constant/solid/radiationProperties

@@ -16,11 +16,11 @@ FoamFile
 }
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
-radiation       on;
+radiation       off;
 
-radiationModel  opaqueSolid;
+radiationModel  none;//opaqueSolid;
 
-absorptionEmissionModel multiBandSolidAbsorptionEmission;
+absorptionEmissionModel none;//multiBandSolidAbsorptionEmission;
 
 multiBandSolidAbsorptionEmissionCoeffs
 {

tutorials/heatTransfer/chtMultiRegionSimpleFoam/multiRegionHeaterRadiation/constant/bottomAir/radiationProperties

@@ -29,14 +29,7 @@ viewFactorCoeffs
 // Number of flow iterations per radiation iteration
 solverFreq 3;
 
-absorptionEmissionModel constantAbsorptionEmission;
+absorptionEmissionModel none;
-
-constantAbsorptionEmissionCoeffs
-{
-    absorptivity    absorptivity    [0 -1 0 0 0 0 0] 0.01;
-    emissivity      emissivity      [0 -1 0 0 0 0 0] 0.01;
-    E               E               [1 -1 -3 0 0 0 0] 0;
-}
 
 scatterModel    none;