diff --git a/src/functionObjects/forces/forceCoeffs/forceCoeffs.C b/src/functionObjects/forces/forceCoeffs/forceCoeffs.C
index 71c142e3b8..7317a9290e 100644
--- a/src/functionObjects/forces/forceCoeffs/forceCoeffs.C
+++ b/src/functionObjects/forces/forceCoeffs/forceCoeffs.C
@@ -47,32 +47,6 @@ namespace functionObjects
 }
 
 
-// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Local Functions * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
-
-namespace Foam
-{
-    // Read vector and normalise if present, or set default
-    inline vector readVectorOrDefault
-    (
-        const dictionary& dict,
-        const word& key,
-        const vector::components axis
-    )
-    {
-        vector vec(Zero);  // Zero initialise!
-
-        if (dict.readIfPresent(key, vec))
-        {
-            return normalised(vec);
-        }
-
-        vec[axis] = 1;
-        return vec;
-    }
-
-} // End namespace Foam
-
-
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * Protected Member Functions  * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
 void Foam::functionObjects::forceCoeffs::createFiles()
@@ -88,14 +62,19 @@ void Foam::functionObjects::forceCoeffs::createFiles()
         {
             CdBinFilePtr_ = createFile("CdBin");
             writeBinHeader("Drag coefficient bins", CdBinFilePtr_());
+
             CsBinFilePtr_ = createFile("CsBin");
             writeBinHeader("Side coefficient bins", CsBinFilePtr_());
+
             ClBinFilePtr_ = createFile("ClBin");
             writeBinHeader("Lift coefficient bins", ClBinFilePtr_());
+
             CmRollBinFilePtr_ = createFile("CmRollBin");
             writeBinHeader("Roll moment coefficient bins", CmRollBinFilePtr_());
+
             CmPitchBinFilePtr_ = createFile("CmPitchBin");
             writeBinHeader("Moment coefficient bins", CmPitchBinFilePtr_());
+
             CmYawBinFilePtr_ = createFile("CmYawBin");
             writeBinHeader("Yaw moment coefficient bins", CmYawBinFilePtr_());
         }
@@ -110,12 +89,12 @@ void Foam::functionObjects::forceCoeffs::writeIntegratedHeader
 ) const
 {
     writeHeader(os, "Force coefficients");
-    writeHeaderValue(os, "dragDir", dragDir_);
-    writeHeaderValue(os, "sideDir", sideDir_);
-    writeHeaderValue(os, "liftDir", liftDir_);
-    writeHeaderValue(os, "rollAxis", rollAxis_);
-    writeHeaderValue(os, "pitchAxis", pitchAxis_);
-    writeHeaderValue(os, "yawAxis", yawAxis_);
+    writeHeaderValue(os, "dragDir", coordSys_.e1());
+    writeHeaderValue(os, "sideDir", coordSys_.e2());
+    writeHeaderValue(os, "liftDir", coordSys_.e3());
+    writeHeaderValue(os, "rollAxis", coordSys_.e1());
+    writeHeaderValue(os, "pitchAxis", coordSys_.e2());
+    writeHeaderValue(os, "yawAxis", coordSys_.e3());
     writeHeaderValue(os, "magUInf", magUInf_);
     writeHeaderValue(os, "lRef", lRef_);
     writeHeaderValue(os, "Aref", Aref_);
@@ -257,12 +236,6 @@ Foam::functionObjects::forceCoeffs::forceCoeffs
 )
 :
     forces(name, runTime, dict),
-    dragDir_(Zero),
-    sideDir_(Zero),
-    liftDir_(Zero),
-    rollAxis_(Zero),
-    pitchAxis_(Zero),
-    yawAxis_(Zero),
     magUInf_(Zero),
     lRef_(Zero),
     Aref_(Zero),
@@ -275,6 +248,7 @@ Foam::functionObjects::forceCoeffs::forceCoeffs
     CmYawBinFilePtr_()
 {
     read(dict);
+    setCoordinateSystem(dict, "liftDir", "dragDir");
     Info<< endl;
 }
 
@@ -285,15 +259,6 @@ bool Foam::functionObjects::forceCoeffs::read(const dictionary& dict)
 {
     forces::read(dict);
 
-    // Standard (default) definitions
-    dragDir_ = readVectorOrDefault(dict, "dragDir", vector::X);
-    sideDir_ = readVectorOrDefault(dict, "sideDir", vector::Y);
-    liftDir_ = readVectorOrDefault(dict, "liftDir", vector::Z);
-    rollAxis_ = readVectorOrDefault(dict, "rollAxis", vector::X);
-    pitchAxis_ = readVectorOrDefault(dict, "pitchAxis", vector::Y);
-    yawAxis_ = readVectorOrDefault(dict, "yawAxis", vector::Z);
-
-
     // Free stream velocity magnitude
     dict.readEntry("magUInf", magUInf_);
 
@@ -387,18 +352,22 @@ bool Foam::functionObjects::forceCoeffs::execute()
     scalar CmYawTot = 0;
 
     const scalar pDyn = 0.5*rhoRef_*sqr(magUInf_);
+
     // Avoid divide by zero in 2D cases
     const scalar momentScaling = 1.0/(Aref_*pDyn*lRef_ + SMALL);
     const scalar forceScaling = 1.0/(Aref_*pDyn + SMALL);
 
     forAll(liftCoeffs, i)
     {
-        dragCoeffs[i] = forceScaling*(force_[i] & dragDir_);
-        sideCoeffs[i] = forceScaling*(force_[i] & sideDir_);
-        liftCoeffs[i] = forceScaling*(force_[i] & liftDir_);
-        rollMomentCoeffs[i] = momentScaling*(moment_[i] & rollAxis_);
-        pitchMomentCoeffs[i] = momentScaling*(moment_[i] & pitchAxis_);
-        yawMomentCoeffs[i] = momentScaling*(moment_[i] & yawAxis_);
+        const Field<vector> localForce(coordSys_.localVector(force_[i]));
+        const Field<vector> localMoment(coordSys_.localVector(moment_[i]));
+
+        dragCoeffs[i] = forceScaling*(localForce.component(0));
+        sideCoeffs[i] = forceScaling*(localForce.component(1));
+        liftCoeffs[i] = forceScaling*(localForce.component(2));
+        rollMomentCoeffs[i] = momentScaling*(localMoment.component(0));
+        pitchMomentCoeffs[i] = momentScaling*(localMoment.component(1));
+        yawMomentCoeffs[i] = momentScaling*(localMoment.component(2));
 
         CdTot += sum(dragCoeffs[i]);
         CsTot += sum(sideCoeffs[i]);
@@ -408,7 +377,7 @@ bool Foam::functionObjects::forceCoeffs::execute()
         CmYawTot += sum(yawMomentCoeffs[i]);
     }
 
-    // Single contributions to the front and rear axles
+    // Single contributions to the front and rear
     const scalar CdfTot = 0.5*CdTot + CmRollTot;
     const scalar CdrTot = 0.5*CdTot - CmRollTot;
     const scalar CsfTot = 0.5*CsTot + CmYawTot;
diff --git a/src/functionObjects/forces/forceCoeffs/forceCoeffs.H b/src/functionObjects/forces/forceCoeffs/forceCoeffs.H
index c82002f908..e84f497542 100644
--- a/src/functionObjects/forces/forceCoeffs/forceCoeffs.H
+++ b/src/functionObjects/forces/forceCoeffs/forceCoeffs.H
@@ -62,12 +62,14 @@ Usage
         log         yes;
         writeFields yes;
         patches     (walls);
-        dragDir     (1 0 0);
-        sideDir     (0 1 0);
-        liftDir     (0 0 1);
-        rollAxis    (1 0 0);
-        pitchAxis   (0 1 0);
-        yawAxis     (0 0 1);
+
+        coordinateSystem
+        {
+            type        xxx;
+            dragDir     (1 0 0);
+            liftDir     (0 0 1);
+        }
+
         magUInf     100;
         lRef        3.5;
         Aref        2.2;
@@ -140,27 +142,6 @@ class forceCoeffs
 {
     // Private data
 
-        // Force coefficient geometry in global Cartesian coordinate system
-
-            //- Drag force direction
-            vector dragDir_;
-
-            //- Side force direction
-            vector sideDir_;
-
-            //- Lift force direction
-            vector liftDir_;
-
-            //- Roll axis direction
-            vector rollAxis_;
-
-            //- Pitch axis direction
-            vector pitchAxis_;
-
-            //- Yaw axis direction
-            vector yawAxis_;
-
-
         // Free-stream conditions
 
             //- Free-stream velocity magnitude
diff --git a/src/functionObjects/forces/forces/forces.C b/src/functionObjects/forces/forces/forces.C
index 07586297ae..06a6e3ba5d 100644
--- a/src/functionObjects/forces/forces/forces.C
+++ b/src/functionObjects/forces/forces/forces.C
@@ -71,22 +71,6 @@ void Foam::functionObjects::forces::createFiles()
             momentBinFilePtr_ = createFile("momentBin");
             writeBinHeader("Moment", momentBinFilePtr_());
         }
-
-        if (localSystem_)
-        {
-            localForceFilePtr_ = createFile("localForce");
-            writeIntegratedHeader("Force", localForceFilePtr_());
-            localMomentFilePtr_ = createFile("localMoment");
-            writeIntegratedHeader("Moment", localMomentFilePtr_());
-
-            if (nBin_ > 1)
-            {
-                localForceBinFilePtr_ = createFile("localForceBin");
-                writeBinHeader("Force", localForceBinFilePtr_());
-                localMomentBinFilePtr_ = createFile("localMomentBin");
-                writeBinHeader("Moment", localMomentBinFilePtr_());
-            }
-        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -169,6 +153,49 @@ void Foam::functionObjects::forces::writeBinHeader
 }
 
 
+void Foam::functionObjects::forces::setCoordinateSystem
+(
+    const dictionary& dict,
+    const word& e3Name,
+    const word& e1Name
+)
+{
+    coordSys_.clear();
+
+    if (dict.readIfPresent<point>("CofR", coordSys_.origin()))
+    {
+        const vector e3 = e3Name == word::null ?
+            vector(0, 0, 1) : dict.get<vector>(e3Name);
+        const vector e1 = e1Name == word::null ?
+            vector(1, 0, 0) : dict.get<vector>(e1Name);
+
+        coordSys_ =
+            coordSystem::cartesian(coordSys_.origin(), e3, e1);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        // The 'coordinateSystem' sub-dictionary is optional,
+        // but enforce use of a cartesian system if not found.
+
+        if (dict.found(coordinateSystem::typeName_()))
+        {
+            // New() for access to indirect (global) coordinate system
+            coordSys_ =
+                coordinateSystem::New
+                (
+                    obr_,
+                    dict,
+                    coordinateSystem::typeName_()
+                );
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            coordSys_ = coordSystem::cartesian(dict);
+        }
+    }
+
+}
+
 
 void Foam::functionObjects::forces::initialise()
 {
@@ -586,42 +613,21 @@ void Foam::functionObjects::forces::writeForces()
     writeIntegratedForceMoment
     (
         "forces",
-        force_[0],
-        force_[1],
-        force_[2],
+        coordSys_.localVector(force_[0]),
+        coordSys_.localVector(force_[1]),
+        coordSys_.localVector(force_[2]),
         forceFilePtr_
     );
 
     writeIntegratedForceMoment
     (
         "moments",
-        moment_[0],
-        moment_[1],
-        moment_[2],
+        coordSys_.localVector(moment_[0]),
+        coordSys_.localVector(moment_[1]),
+        coordSys_.localVector(moment_[2]),
         momentFilePtr_
     );
 
-    if (localSystem_)
-    {
-        writeIntegratedForceMoment
-        (
-            "local forces",
-            coordSys_.localVector(force_[0]),
-            coordSys_.localVector(force_[1]),
-            coordSys_.localVector(force_[2]),
-            localForceFilePtr_
-        );
-
-        writeIntegratedForceMoment
-        (
-            "local moments",
-            coordSys_.localVector(moment_[0]),
-            coordSys_.localVector(moment_[1]),
-            coordSys_.localVector(moment_[2]),
-            localMomentFilePtr_
-        );
-    }
-
     Log << endl;
 }
 
@@ -673,23 +679,17 @@ void Foam::functionObjects::forces::writeBinnedForceMoment
 
 void Foam::functionObjects::forces::writeBins()
 {
-    writeBinnedForceMoment(force_, forceBinFilePtr_);
-    writeBinnedForceMoment(moment_, momentBinFilePtr_);
+    List<Field<vector>> lf(3);
+    List<Field<vector>> lm(3);
+    lf[0] = coordSys_.localVector(force_[0]);
+    lf[1] = coordSys_.localVector(force_[1]);
+    lf[2] = coordSys_.localVector(force_[2]);
+    lm[0] = coordSys_.localVector(moment_[0]);
+    lm[1] = coordSys_.localVector(moment_[1]);
+    lm[2] = coordSys_.localVector(moment_[2]);
 
-    if (localSystem_)
-    {
-        List<Field<vector>> lf(3);
-        List<Field<vector>> lm(3);
-        lf[0] = coordSys_.localVector(force_[0]);
-        lf[1] = coordSys_.localVector(force_[1]);
-        lf[2] = coordSys_.localVector(force_[2]);
-        lm[0] = coordSys_.localVector(moment_[0]);
-        lm[1] = coordSys_.localVector(moment_[1]);
-        lm[2] = coordSys_.localVector(moment_[2]);
-
-        writeBinnedForceMoment(lf, localForceBinFilePtr_);
-        writeBinnedForceMoment(lm, localMomentBinFilePtr_);
-    }
+    writeBinnedForceMoment(lf, forceBinFilePtr_);
+    writeBinnedForceMoment(lm, momentBinFilePtr_);
 }
 
 
@@ -711,10 +711,6 @@ Foam::functionObjects::forces::forces
     momentFilePtr_(),
     forceBinFilePtr_(),
     momentBinFilePtr_(),
-    localForceFilePtr_(),
-    localMomentFilePtr_(),
-    localForceBinFilePtr_(),
-    localMomentBinFilePtr_(),
     patchSet_(),
     pName_(word::null),
     UName_(word::null),
@@ -724,7 +720,6 @@ Foam::functionObjects::forces::forces
     rhoRef_(VGREAT),
     pRef_(0),
     coordSys_(),
-    localSystem_(false),
     porosity_(false),
     nBin_(1),
     binDir_(Zero),
@@ -738,6 +733,7 @@ Foam::functionObjects::forces::forces
     if (readFields)
     {
         read(dict);
+        setCoordinateSystem(dict);
         Log << endl;
     }
 }
@@ -759,10 +755,6 @@ Foam::functionObjects::forces::forces
     momentFilePtr_(),
     forceBinFilePtr_(),
     momentBinFilePtr_(),
-    localForceFilePtr_(),
-    localMomentFilePtr_(),
-    localForceBinFilePtr_(),
-    localMomentBinFilePtr_(),
     patchSet_(),
     pName_(word::null),
     UName_(word::null),
@@ -772,7 +764,6 @@ Foam::functionObjects::forces::forces
     rhoRef_(VGREAT),
     pRef_(0),
     coordSys_(),
-    localSystem_(false),
     porosity_(false),
     nBin_(1),
     binDir_(Zero),
@@ -786,6 +777,7 @@ Foam::functionObjects::forces::forces
     if (readFields)
     {
         read(dict);
+        setCoordinateSystem(dict);
         Log << endl;
     }
 
@@ -843,32 +835,6 @@ bool Foam::functionObjects::forces::read(const dictionary& dict)
         Info<< "    Reference pressure (pRef) set to " << pRef_ << endl;
     }
 
-    coordSys_.clear();
-    localSystem_ = false;
-
-    // Centre of rotation for moment calculations
-    // specified directly, from coordinate system, or implicitly (0 0 0)
-    if (!dict.readIfPresent<point>("CofR", coordSys_.origin()))
-    {
-        // The 'coordinateSystem' sub-dictionary is optional,
-        // but enforce use of a cartesian system.
-
-        if (dict.found(coordinateSystem::typeName_()))
-        {
-            // New() for access to indirect (global) coordinate system
-            coordSys_ =
-                coordinateSystem::New
-                (
-                    obr_, dict, coordinateSystem::typeName_()
-                );
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            coordSys_ = coordSystem::cartesian(dict);
-        }
-
-        localSystem_ = true;
-    }
 
     dict.readIfPresent("porosity", porosity_);
     if (porosity_)
diff --git a/src/functionObjects/forces/forces/forces.H b/src/functionObjects/forces/forces/forces.H
index d3a197d81b..a24fea536d 100644
--- a/src/functionObjects/forces/forces/forces.H
+++ b/src/functionObjects/forces/forces/forces.H
@@ -192,18 +192,6 @@ protected:
             //- Moment bins
             autoPtr<OFstream> momentBinFilePtr_;
 
-            //- Local force
-            autoPtr<OFstream> localForceFilePtr_;
-
-            //- Local moment
-            autoPtr<OFstream> localMomentFilePtr_;
-
-            //- Local force bins
-            autoPtr<OFstream> localForceBinFilePtr_;
-
-            //- Local moment bins
-            autoPtr<OFstream> localMomentBinFilePtr_;
-
 
         // Read from dictionary
 
@@ -234,9 +222,6 @@ protected:
             //- Coordinate system used when evaluting forces/moments
             coordSystem::cartesian coordSys_;
 
-            //- Flag to indicate whether we are using a local coordinates
-            bool localSystem_;
-
             //- Flag to include porosity effects
             bool porosity_;
 
@@ -283,6 +268,14 @@ protected:
         //- Write header for binned data
         void writeBinHeader(const word& header, Ostream& os) const;
 
+        //- Set the co-ordinate system from dictionary and axes names
+        void setCoordinateSystem
+        (
+            const dictionary& dict,
+            const word& e3Name = word::null,
+            const word& e1Name = word::null
+        );
+
         //- Initialise the fields
         void initialise();