diff --git a/src/OpenFOAM/matrices/lduMatrix/solvers/GAMG/GAMGProcAgglomerations/GAMGProcAgglomeration/GAMGProcAgglomeration.C b/src/OpenFOAM/matrices/lduMatrix/solvers/GAMG/GAMGProcAgglomerations/GAMGProcAgglomeration/GAMGProcAgglomeration.C
index 519e5f9ef5..5d49a1bbeb 100644
--- a/src/OpenFOAM/matrices/lduMatrix/solvers/GAMG/GAMGProcAgglomerations/GAMGProcAgglomeration/GAMGProcAgglomeration.C
+++ b/src/OpenFOAM/matrices/lduMatrix/solvers/GAMG/GAMGProcAgglomerations/GAMGProcAgglomeration/GAMGProcAgglomeration.C
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ Foam::labelListList Foam::GAMGProcAgglomeration::globalCellCells
     const lduAddressing& addr = mesh.lduAddr();
     lduInterfacePtrsList interfaces = mesh.interfaces();
 
-    const label myProcID = UPstream::myProcNo(mesh.comm());
+    const label myProci = UPstream::myProcNo(mesh.comm());
 
     const globalIndex globalNumbering
     (
@@ -138,11 +138,7 @@ Foam::labelListList Foam::GAMGProcAgglomeration::globalCellCells
 
     const labelList globalIndices
     (
-        identity
-        (
-            globalNumbering.localSize(myProcID),
-            globalNumbering.localStart(myProcID)
-        )
+        Foam::identity(globalNumbering.range(myProci))
     );
 
     // Get the interface cells
diff --git a/src/OpenFOAM/meshes/lduMesh/lduPrimitiveMesh.C b/src/OpenFOAM/meshes/lduMesh/lduPrimitiveMesh.C
index 935c20d370..e847072e24 100644
--- a/src/OpenFOAM/meshes/lduMesh/lduPrimitiveMesh.C
+++ b/src/OpenFOAM/meshes/lduMesh/lduPrimitiveMesh.C
@@ -105,12 +105,14 @@ Foam::labelListList Foam::lduPrimitiveMesh::globalCellCells
     const lduAddressing& addr = mesh.lduAddr();
     lduInterfacePtrsList interfaces = mesh.interfaces();
 
+    const label myProci = UPstream::myProcNo(mesh.comm());
+
     const labelList globalIndices
     (
-        identity
+        Foam::identity
         (
             addr.size(),
-            globalNumbering.localStart(UPstream::myProcNo(mesh.comm()))
+            globalNumbering.localStart(myProci)
         )
     );
 
diff --git a/src/fileFormats/vtk/write/foamVtkPolyWriter.C b/src/fileFormats/vtk/write/foamVtkPolyWriter.C
index ae303a4278..006bf0232c 100644
--- a/src/fileFormats/vtk/write/foamVtkPolyWriter.C
+++ b/src/fileFormats/vtk/write/foamVtkPolyWriter.C
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
     \\  /    A nd           | www.openfoam.com
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-    Copyright (C) 2018-2021 OpenCFD Ltd.
+    Copyright (C) 2018-2023 OpenCFD Ltd.
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
     This file is part of OpenFOAM.
@@ -320,7 +320,7 @@ void Foam::vtk::polyWriter::writeLines
         // processor-local connectivity offsets
         label off =
         (
-            parallel_ ? globalIndex(nLocalConns).localStart() : 0
+            parallel_ ? globalIndex::calcOffset(nLocalConns) : 0
         );
 
 
@@ -521,7 +521,7 @@ void Foam::vtk::polyWriter::writePolys
         // processor-local connectivity offsets
         label off =
         (
-            parallel_ ? globalIndex(nLocalConns).localStart() : 0
+            parallel_ ? globalIndex::calcOffset(nLocalConns) : 0
         );
 
 
@@ -632,7 +632,7 @@ bool Foam::vtk::polyWriter::writeLineGeometry
 
     const label pointOffset =
     (
-        parallel_ ? globalIndex(nLocalPoints_).localStart() : 0
+        parallel_ ? globalIndex::calcOffset(nLocalPoints_) : 0
     );
 
     if (legacy())
@@ -662,7 +662,7 @@ bool Foam::vtk::polyWriter::writePolyGeometry
 
     const label pointOffset =
     (
-        parallel_ ? globalIndex(nLocalPoints_).localStart() : 0
+        parallel_ ? globalIndex::calcOffset(nLocalPoints_) : 0
     );
 
     if (legacy())
diff --git a/src/lagrangian/intermediate/submodels/Kinematic/InjectionModel/CellZoneInjection/CellZoneInjection.C b/src/lagrangian/intermediate/submodels/Kinematic/InjectionModel/CellZoneInjection/CellZoneInjection.C
index 4993effd61..5ee1a9e6ff 100644
--- a/src/lagrangian/intermediate/submodels/Kinematic/InjectionModel/CellZoneInjection/CellZoneInjection.C
+++ b/src/lagrangian/intermediate/submodels/Kinematic/InjectionModel/CellZoneInjection/CellZoneInjection.C
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     Copyright (C) 2011-2017 OpenFOAM Foundation
-    Copyright (C) 2015-2022 OpenCFD Ltd.
+    Copyright (C) 2015-2023 OpenCFD Ltd.
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
     This file is part of OpenFOAM.
@@ -106,7 +106,9 @@ void Foam::CellZoneInjection<CloudType>::setPositions
     }
 
     // Parallel operation manipulations
+    const label myProci = UPstream::myProcNo();
     globalIndex globalPositions(positions.size());
+
     List<vector> allPositions(globalPositions.totalSize(), point::max);
     List<label> allInjectorCells(globalPositions.totalSize(), -1);
     List<label> allInjectorTetFaces(globalPositions.totalSize(), -1);
@@ -116,8 +118,7 @@ void Foam::CellZoneInjection<CloudType>::setPositions
     SubList<vector>
     (
         allPositions,
-        globalPositions.localSize(Pstream::myProcNo()),
-        globalPositions.localStart(Pstream::myProcNo())
+        globalPositions.range(myProci)
     ) = positions;
 
     Pstream::listCombineReduce(allPositions, minEqOp<point>());
@@ -126,20 +127,17 @@ void Foam::CellZoneInjection<CloudType>::setPositions
     SubList<label>
     (
         allInjectorCells,
-        globalPositions.localSize(Pstream::myProcNo()),
-        globalPositions.localStart(Pstream::myProcNo())
+        globalPositions.range(myProci)
     ) = injectorCells;
     SubList<label>
     (
         allInjectorTetFaces,
-        globalPositions.localSize(Pstream::myProcNo()),
-        globalPositions.localStart(Pstream::myProcNo())
+        globalPositions.range(myProci)
     ) = injectorTetFaces;
     SubList<label>
     (
         allInjectorTetPts,
-        globalPositions.localSize(Pstream::myProcNo()),
-        globalPositions.localStart(Pstream::myProcNo())
+        globalPositions.range(myProci)
     ) = injectorTetPts;
 
     // Transfer data
diff --git a/src/mesh/snappyHexMesh/meshRefinement/meshRefinement.C b/src/mesh/snappyHexMesh/meshRefinement/meshRefinement.C
index 8066ce6951..93281ea440 100644
--- a/src/mesh/snappyHexMesh/meshRefinement/meshRefinement.C
+++ b/src/mesh/snappyHexMesh/meshRefinement/meshRefinement.C
@@ -3437,11 +3437,12 @@ Foam::bitSet Foam::meshRefinement::getMasterPoints
     const labelList& meshPoints
 )
 {
+    const label myProci = UPstream::myProcNo();
     const globalIndex globalPoints(meshPoints.size());
 
     labelList myPoints
     (
-        identity(globalPoints.localSize(), globalPoints.localStart())
+        Foam::identity(globalPoints.range(myProci))
     );
 
     syncTools::syncPointList
@@ -3457,7 +3458,7 @@ Foam::bitSet Foam::meshRefinement::getMasterPoints
     bitSet isPatchMasterPoint(meshPoints.size());
     forAll(meshPoints, pointi)
     {
-        if (myPoints[pointi] == globalPoints.toGlobal(pointi))
+        if (myPoints[pointi] == globalPoints.toGlobal(myProci, pointi))
         {
             isPatchMasterPoint.set(pointi);
         }
@@ -3473,11 +3474,12 @@ Foam::bitSet Foam::meshRefinement::getMasterEdges
     const labelList& meshEdges
 )
 {
+    const label myProci = UPstream::myProcNo();
     const globalIndex globalEdges(meshEdges.size());
 
     labelList myEdges
     (
-        identity(globalEdges.localSize(), globalEdges.localStart())
+        Foam::identity(globalEdges.range(myProci))
     );
 
     syncTools::syncEdgeList
@@ -3493,7 +3495,7 @@ Foam::bitSet Foam::meshRefinement::getMasterEdges
     bitSet isMasterEdge(meshEdges.size());
     forAll(meshEdges, edgei)
     {
-        if (myEdges[edgei] == globalEdges.toGlobal(edgei))
+        if (myEdges[edgei] == globalEdges.toGlobal(myProci, edgei))
         {
             isMasterEdge.set(edgei);
         }
diff --git a/src/meshTools/coordSet/writers/vtk/foamVtkCoordSetWriter.C b/src/meshTools/coordSet/writers/vtk/foamVtkCoordSetWriter.C
index 0321875fb3..294987fb2e 100644
--- a/src/meshTools/coordSet/writers/vtk/foamVtkCoordSetWriter.C
+++ b/src/meshTools/coordSet/writers/vtk/foamVtkCoordSetWriter.C
@@ -244,7 +244,7 @@ void Foam::vtk::coordSetWriter::writeVerts()
 
         /// label off =
         /// (
-        ///     parallel_ ? globalIndex(nLocalConns).localStart() : 0
+        ///     parallel_ ? globalIndex::calcOffset(nLocalConns) : 0
         /// );
 
         auto iter = vertOffsets.begin();
@@ -356,7 +356,7 @@ void Foam::vtk::coordSetWriter::writeLines()
 
         /// label off =
         /// (
-        ///     parallel_ ? globalIndex(nLocalConns).localStart() : 0
+        ///     parallel_ ? globalIndex::calcOffset(nLocalConns) : 0
         /// );
 
         auto iter = vertOffsets.begin();
@@ -539,7 +539,7 @@ bool Foam::vtk::coordSetWriter::writeGeometry()
 
     //const label pointOffset =
     //(
-    //   parallel_ ? globalIndex(nLocalPoints_).localStart() : 0
+    //   parallel_ ? globalIndex::calcOffset(nLocalPoints_) : 0
     //);
 
     if (legacy())
diff --git a/src/meshTools/output/vtk/mesh/foamVtkInternalMeshWriter.C b/src/meshTools/output/vtk/mesh/foamVtkInternalMeshWriter.C
index adae39e560..ea1601d0a4 100644
--- a/src/meshTools/output/vtk/mesh/foamVtkInternalMeshWriter.C
+++ b/src/meshTools/output/vtk/mesh/foamVtkInternalMeshWriter.C
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
     \\  /    A nd           | www.openfoam.com
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-    Copyright (C) 2017-2021 OpenCFD Ltd.
+    Copyright (C) 2017-2023 OpenCFD Ltd.
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
     This file is part of OpenFOAM.
@@ -262,7 +262,7 @@ void Foam::vtk::internalMeshWriter::writeCellsConnectivity
             // processor-local connectivity offsets
             const globalIndex procOffset
             (
-                vertOffsets.empty() ? 0 : vertOffsets.last()
+                vertOffsets.empty() ? 0 : vertOffsets.back()
             );
 
             vtk::writeListParallel(format_.ref(), vertOffsets, procOffset);
@@ -431,17 +431,19 @@ void Foam::vtk::internalMeshWriter::writeCellsFaces
             const List<uint8_t>& cellTypes = vtuCells_.cellTypes();
             const label nLocalCells = cellTypes.size();
 
-            const globalIndex procOffset(faceLabels.size());
+            // processor-local offsets for faceLabels
+            const label labelsOffset =
+                globalIndex::calcOffset(faceLabels.size());
 
             labelList faceOffsetsRenumber;
 
-            if (faceOffsets.size()) // Or check procOffset.localSize()
+            if (faceOffsets.size())  // Or check faceLabels.size()
             {
                 faceOffsetsRenumber =
                     vtk::vtuSizing::copyFaceOffsetsXml
                     (
                         faceOffsets,
-                        procOffset.localStart()
+                        labelsOffset
                     );
             }
             else
@@ -567,7 +569,7 @@ bool Foam::vtk::internalMeshWriter::writeGeometry()
     // Include addPointCellLabels for the point offsets
     const label pointOffset =
     (
-        parallel_ ? globalIndex(vtuCells_.nFieldPoints()).localStart() : 0
+        parallel_ ? globalIndex::calcOffset(vtuCells_.nFieldPoints()) : 0
     );
 
     if (legacy())
@@ -670,13 +672,13 @@ void Foam::vtk::internalMeshWriter::writePointIDs()
     // Point offset for regular mesh points (without decomposed)
     const label pointOffset =
     (
-        parallel_ ? globalIndex(vtuCells_.nPoints()).localStart() : 0
+        parallel_ ? globalIndex::calcOffset(vtuCells_.nPoints()) : 0
     );
 
     // Cell offset for *regular* mesh cells (without decomposed)
     const label cellOffset =
     (
-        parallel_ ? globalIndex(vtuCells_.nCells()).localStart() : 0
+        parallel_ ? globalIndex::calcOffset(vtuCells_.nCells()) : 0
     );
 
 
diff --git a/src/meshTools/output/vtk/patch/foamVtkPatchMeshWriter.C b/src/meshTools/output/vtk/patch/foamVtkPatchMeshWriter.C
index fce8474d65..52e533adf5 100644
--- a/src/meshTools/output/vtk/patch/foamVtkPatchMeshWriter.C
+++ b/src/meshTools/output/vtk/patch/foamVtkPatchMeshWriter.C
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ void Foam::vtk::patchMeshWriter::writePolys(const label pointOffset)
         // processor-local connectivity offsets
         label off =
         (
-            parallel_ ? globalIndex(nLocalPolyConn_).localStart() : 0
+            parallel_ ? globalIndex::calcOffset(nLocalPolyConn_) : 0
         );
 
 
@@ -470,7 +470,7 @@ bool Foam::vtk::patchMeshWriter::writeGeometry()
 
     const label pointOffset =
     (
-        parallel_ ? globalIndex(nLocalPoints_).localStart() : 0
+        parallel_ ? globalIndex::calcOffset(nLocalPoints_) : 0
     );
 
     if (legacy())
diff --git a/src/meshTools/output/vtk/topoSet/foamVtkWriteCellSetFaces.C b/src/meshTools/output/vtk/topoSet/foamVtkWriteCellSetFaces.C
index d5101225c3..8038f4b550 100644
--- a/src/meshTools/output/vtk/topoSet/foamVtkWriteCellSetFaces.C
+++ b/src/meshTools/output/vtk/topoSet/foamVtkWriteCellSetFaces.C
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
     \\  /    A nd           | www.openfoam.com
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-    Copyright (C) 2017-2019 OpenCFD Ltd.
+    Copyright (C) 2017-2023 OpenCFD Ltd.
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
     This file is part of OpenFOAM.
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ bool Foam::vtk::writeCellSetFaces
         // processor-local cellID offset
         const label cellIdOffset =
         (
-            writer.parallel() ? globalIndex(mesh.nCells()).localStart() : 0
+            writer.parallel() ? globalIndex::calcOffset(mesh.nCells()) : 0
         );
 
         forAll(faceValues, facei)
diff --git a/src/meshTools/output/vtk/topoSet/foamVtkWriteFaceSet.C b/src/meshTools/output/vtk/topoSet/foamVtkWriteFaceSet.C
index 13e7293e47..6254ce873f 100644
--- a/src/meshTools/output/vtk/topoSet/foamVtkWriteFaceSet.C
+++ b/src/meshTools/output/vtk/topoSet/foamVtkWriteFaceSet.C
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
     \\  /    A nd           | www.openfoam.com
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-    Copyright (C) 2017-2019 OpenCFD Ltd.
+    Copyright (C) 2017-2023 OpenCFD Ltd.
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
     This file is part of OpenFOAM.
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ bool Foam::vtk::writeFaceSet
         // processor-local faceID offset
         const label faceIdOffset =
         (
-            writer.parallel() ? globalIndex(mesh.nFaces()).localStart() : 0
+            writer.parallel() ? globalIndex::calcOffset(mesh.nFaces()) : 0
         );
 
         if (faceIdOffset)
diff --git a/src/overset/cellCellStencil/cellCellStencil/cellCellStencil.C b/src/overset/cellCellStencil/cellCellStencil/cellCellStencil.C
index 58104fca9d..ff12dadc36 100644
--- a/src/overset/cellCellStencil/cellCellStencil/cellCellStencil.C
+++ b/src/overset/cellCellStencil/cellCellStencil/cellCellStencil.C
@@ -246,7 +246,7 @@ void Foam::cellCellStencil::globalCellCells
 
     // 1. Determine global cell number on other side of coupled patches
 
-    labelList globalCellIDs(identity(gi.localSize(), gi.localStart()));
+    labelList globalCellIDs(Foam::identity(gi.range()));
 
     labelList nbrGlobalCellIDs;
     syncTools::swapBoundaryCellList