STYLE: two-parameter Foam::name replaced by word::printf (issue #724)

- reduces some ambiguity and clarifies the expected output and
  behaviour.

STYLE: reduce some automatic conversions of char to string

applications/test/dictionary2/Test-dictionary2.C

@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
         {
             entry* e = dict1.add
             (
-                Foam::name("entry%d", i),
+                word::printf("entry%d", i),
                 string("entry" + Foam::name(i))
             );
             entryInfo(e);
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
         {
             entry* e = tmpdict.add
             (
-                Foam::name("subentry%d", i),
+                word::printf("subentry%d", i),
                 string("subentry" + Foam::name(i))
             );
             entryInfo(e);
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
         {
             entry* e = dict1.add
             (
-                Foam::name("dict%d", i),
+                word::printf("dict%d", i),
                 tmpdict
             );
             entryInfo(e);

applications/test/string/Test-string.C

@@ -64,14 +64,14 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 
     // Test Foam::name with formatting string
     {
-        word formatted = Foam::name("formatted=<%X>", 0xdeadbeef);
+        word formatted = word::printf("formatted=<%X>", 0xdeadbeef);
         Info<<"formatted: " << formatted << nl;
     }
 
     Info<<"formatted: "
-        << Foam::name("formatted not checked for validity=<%X>", 0xdeadbeef)
+        << word::printf("formatted not checked for validity=<%X>", 0xdeadbeef)
         << nl
-        << endl
+        << endl;
 
 
     Info<< "string:" << test << nl << "hash:"
@@ -227,7 +227,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 
     cout<< "\ntest Foam::name()\n";
 
-    Info<< "hash: = " << Foam::name("0x%012X", string::hash()(s2)) << endl;
+    Info<< "hash: = " << word::printf("0x%012X", string::hash()(s2)) << endl;
 
     // test formatting on int
     {
@@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 
         Info<< "int " << val << " as word >"
             << Foam::name(val) << "< or "
-            << Foam::name("formatted >%08d<", val) << "\n";
+            << word::printf("formatted >%08d<", val) << "\n";
     }
 
     // test formatting on scalar
@@ -244,7 +244,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
         scalar val = 3.1415926535897931;
         Info<< "scalar " << val << " as word >"
             << Foam::name(val) << "< or "
-            << Foam::name("formatted >%.9f<", val) << "\n";
+            << word::printf("formatted >%.9f<", val) << "\n";
     }
 
     // test formatting on uint
@@ -254,7 +254,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 
         Info<< "uint64 " << val << " as word >"
             << Foam::name(val) << "< or "
-            << Foam::name("formatted >%08d<", val) << "\n";
+            << word::printf("formatted >%08d<", val) << "\n";
     }
 
     // test startsWith, endsWith methods

applications/utilities/postProcessing/lumped/lumpedPointForces/lumpedPointForces.C

@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
             if (withVTK && Pstream::master())
             {
                 const word outputName =
-                    Foam::name("forces_%06d.vtp", runTime.timeIndex());
+                    word::printf("forces_%06d.vtp", runTime.timeIndex());
 
                 Info<<"    " << outputName << endl;
 

applications/utilities/postProcessing/lumped/lumpedPointMovement/lumpedPointMovement.C

@@ -226,14 +226,16 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 
             // State/response = what comes back from FEM
             {
-                const word outputName = Foam::name("state_%06d.vtp", index);
+                const word outputName = word::printf("state_%06d.vtp", index);
+
                 Info<<"    " << outputName << endl;
 
                 state.writeVTP(outputName, movement().axis());
             }
 
             {
-                const word outputName = Foam::name("geom_%06d.vtp", index);
+                const word outputName = word::printf("geom_%06d.vtp", index);
+
                 Info<<"    " << outputName << endl;
 
                 movement().writeVTP(outputName, state, mesh, patchLst, points0);

src/OSspecific/POSIX/printStack.C

@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ void printSourceFileAndLine
         else
         {
             string cwdLine(line.replaceAll(cwd() + '/', ""));
-            string homeLine(cwdLine.replaceAll(home(), '~'));
+            string homeLine(cwdLine.replaceAll(home(), "~"));
 
             os  << " at " << homeLine.c_str();
         }

src/OpenFOAM/db/IOstreams/Pstreams/UIPstream.C

@@ -33,6 +33,14 @@ License
 
 namespace Foam
 {
+
+// Convert a single character to a word with length 1
+inline static Foam::word charToWord(char c)
+{
+    return Foam::word(std::string(1, c), false);
+}
+
+
 // Adjust stream format based on the flagMask
 inline static void processFlags(Istream& is, int flagMask)
 {
@@ -45,7 +53,8 @@ inline static void processFlags(Istream& is, int flagMask)
         is.format(IOstream::BINARY);
     }
 }
-}
+
+} // End anonymous namespace
 
 
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * * Private Member Functions  * * * * * * * * * * * //
@@ -315,7 +324,7 @@ Foam::Istream& Foam::UIPstream::read(token& t)
         {
             if (isalpha(c))
             {
-                t = word(c);
+                t = charToWord(c);
                 return *this;
             }
 

src/OpenFOAM/db/IOstreams/Sstreams/ISstream.C

@@ -33,6 +33,19 @@ License
 // Truncate error message for readability
 static const unsigned errLen = 80;
 
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Local Functions * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace
+{
+
+// Convert a single character to a word with length 1
+inline static Foam::word charToWord(char c)
+{
+    return Foam::word(std::string(1, c), false);
+}
+
+} // End anonymous namespace
+
 
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Member Functions  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
@@ -210,7 +223,7 @@ Foam::Istream& Foam::ISstream::read(token& t)
             if (read(nextC).bad())
             {
                 // Return lone '#' as word
-                t = token(word(c));
+                t = charToWord(c);
             }
             else if (nextC == token::BEGIN_BLOCK)
             {
@@ -246,7 +259,7 @@ Foam::Istream& Foam::ISstream::read(token& t)
             if (read(nextC).bad())
             {
                 // Return lone '$' as word
-                t = token(word(c));
+                t = charToWord(c);
             }
             else if (nextC == token::BEGIN_BLOCK)
             {

src/OpenFOAM/db/error/error.C

@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ Foam::error::operator Foam::dictionary() const
     dictionary errDict;
 
     string oneLineMessage(message());
-    oneLineMessage.replaceAll('\n', ' ');
+    oneLineMessage.replaceAll("\n", " ");
 
     errDict.add("type", word("Foam::error"));
     errDict.add("message", oneLineMessage);

src/OpenFOAM/graph/graph.C

@@ -45,9 +45,9 @@ namespace Foam
 Foam::word Foam::graph::wordify(const Foam::string& sname)
 {
     string wname = sname;
-    wname.replace(' ', '_');
+    wname.replace(" ", "_");
-    wname.replace('(', '_');
+    wname.replace("(", "_");
-    wname.replace(')', "");
+    wname.replace(")", "");
 
     return word(wname);
 }

src/OpenFOAM/primitives/Scalar/Scalar.C

@@ -23,8 +23,6 @@ License
 
 \*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
-#include "stringOps.H"
-
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
 namespace Foam
@@ -64,18 +62,6 @@ word name(const Scalar val)
 }
 
 
-word name(const char* fmt, const Scalar val)
-{
-    return stringOps::name(fmt, val);
-}
-
-
-word name(const std::string& fmt, const Scalar val)
-{
-    return stringOps::name(fmt, val);
-}
-
-
 Scalar ScalarRead(const char* buf)
 {
     char* endptr = nullptr;

src/OpenFOAM/primitives/Scalar/Scalar.H

@@ -105,17 +105,10 @@ public:
 
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * IO/Conversion * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
-//- Return a string representation of a Scalar
+//- Return a word representation of a Scalar.
+//  Uses stringstream instead of std::to_string for more consistent formatting.
 word name(const Scalar val);
 
-//- Return a word representation of a Scalar, using printf-style formatter.
-//  The representation is not checked for valid word characters.
-word name(const char* fmt, const Scalar val);
-
-//- Return a word representation of a Scalar, using printf-style formatter.
-//  The representation is not checked for valid word characters.
-word name(const std::string& fmt, const Scalar val);
-
 //- Parse entire buffer as a float/double, skipping leading/trailing whitespace.
 //  \return Parsed value or FatalIOError on any problem
 Scalar ScalarRead(const char* buf);

src/OpenFOAM/primitives/ints/int32/int32.C

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
   \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
    \\    /   O peration     |
     \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2014-2016 OpenFOAM Foundation
-     \\/     M anipulation  | Copyright (C) 2017 OpenCFD Ltd.
+     \\/     M anipulation  | Copyright (C) 2017-2018 OpenCFD Ltd.
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
     This file is part of OpenFOAM.
@@ -24,21 +24,6 @@ License
 \*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
 #include "int32.H"
-#include "stringOps.H"
-
-// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
-
-Foam::word Foam::name(const char* fmt, const int32_t val)
-{
-    return stringOps::name(fmt, val);
-}
-
-
-Foam::word Foam::name(const std::string& fmt, const int32_t val)
-{
-    return stringOps::name(fmt, val);
-}
-
 
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 

src/OpenFOAM/primitives/ints/int32/int32.H

@@ -62,16 +62,6 @@ inline word name(const int32_t val)
 }
 
 
-//- Return a word representation of an int32, using printf-style formatter.
-//  The representation is not checked for valid word characters.
-word name(const char* fmt, const int32_t val);
-
-
-//- Return a word representation of an int32, using printf-style formatter.
-//  The representation is not checked for valid word characters.
-word name(const std::string& fmt, const int32_t val);
-
-
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * IOstream Operators  * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
 //- Read int32_t from stream

src/OpenFOAM/primitives/ints/int64/int64.C

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
   \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
    \\    /   O peration     |
     \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2014-2016 OpenFOAM Foundation
-     \\/     M anipulation  | Copyright (C) 2017 OpenCFD Ltd.
+     \\/     M anipulation  | Copyright (C) 2017-2018 OpenCFD Ltd.
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
     This file is part of OpenFOAM.
@@ -24,21 +24,6 @@ License
 \*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
 #include "int64.H"
-#include "stringOps.H"
-
-// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
-
-Foam::word Foam::name(const char* fmt, const int64_t val)
-{
-    return stringOps::name(fmt, val);
-}
-
-
-Foam::word Foam::name(const std::string& fmt, const int64_t val)
-{
-    return stringOps::name(fmt, val);
-}
-
 
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 

src/OpenFOAM/primitives/ints/int64/int64.H

@@ -63,16 +63,6 @@ inline word name(const int64_t val)
 }
 
 
-//- Return a word representation of an int64, using printf-style formatter.
-//  The representation is not checked for valid word characters.
-word name(const char* fmt, const int64_t);
-
-
-//- Return a word representation of an int64, using printf-style formatter.
-//  The representation is not checked for valid word characters.
-word name(const std::string& fmt, const int64_t);
-
-
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * IOstream Operators  * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
 //- Read int64_t from stream

src/OpenFOAM/primitives/ints/uint32/uint32.C

@@ -24,21 +24,6 @@ License
 \*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
 #include "uint32.H"
-#include "stringOps.H"
-
-// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
-
-Foam::word Foam::name(const char* fmt, const uint32_t val)
-{
-    return stringOps::name(fmt, val);
-}
-
-
-Foam::word Foam::name(const std::string& fmt, const uint32_t val)
-{
-    return stringOps::name(fmt, val);
-}
-
 
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 

src/OpenFOAM/primitives/ints/uint32/uint32.H

@@ -62,16 +62,6 @@ inline word name(const uint32_t val)
 }
 
 
-//- Return a word representation of a uint32, using printf-style formatter.
-//  The representation is not checked for valid word characters.
-word name(const char* fmt, const uint32_t);
-
-
-//- Return a word representation of a uint32, using printf-style formatter.
-//  The representation is not checked for valid word characters.
-word name(const std::string& fmt, const uint32_t);
-
-
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * IOstream Operators  * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
 //- Read uint32_t from stream

src/OpenFOAM/primitives/ints/uint64/uint64.C

@@ -24,21 +24,6 @@ License
 \*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
 #include "uint64.H"
-#include "stringOps.H"
-
-// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
-
-Foam::word Foam::name(const char* fmt, const uint64_t val)
-{
-    return stringOps::name(fmt, val);
-}
-
-
-Foam::word Foam::name(const std::string& fmt, const uint64_t val)
-{
-    return stringOps::name(fmt, val);
-}
-
 
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 

src/OpenFOAM/primitives/ints/uint64/uint64.H

@@ -62,16 +62,6 @@ inline word name(const uint64_t val)
 }
 
 
-//- Return a word representation of a uint64_t, using printf-style formatter.
-//  The representation is not checked for valid word characters.
-word name(const char* fmt, const uint64_t);
-
-
-//- Return a word representation of a uint64_t, using printf-style formatter.
-//  The representation is not checked for valid word characters.
-word name(const std::string& fmt, const uint64_t);
-
-
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * IOstream Operators  * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
 //- Read uint64_t from stream.

src/OpenFOAM/primitives/strings/lists/hashedWordListI.H

@@ -42,8 +42,7 @@ inline void Foam::hashedWordList::rehash(const bool unique)
 
 inline Foam::hashedWordList::hashedWordList()
 :
-    List<word>(),
+    List<word>()
-    indices_()
 {}
 
 

src/OpenFOAM/primitives/strings/string/string.H

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
   \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
    \\    /   O peration     |
     \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011-2016 OpenFOAM Foundation
-     \\/     M anipulation  | Copyright (C) 2016-2017 OpenCFD Ltd.
+     \\/     M anipulation  | Copyright (C) 2016-2018 OpenCFD Ltd.
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
     This file is part of OpenFOAM.
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@ See also
 SourceFiles
     string.C
     stringIO.C
+    stringTemplates.C
 
 \*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
@@ -90,6 +91,24 @@ protected:
         //  A wrapped version of find_last_of("./") with additional logic.
         inline std::string::size_type find_ext() const;
 
+        //- A printf-style formatter for a primitive.
+        template<class PrimitiveType>
+        static std::string::size_type string_printf
+        (
+            std::string& output,
+            const char* fmt,
+            const PrimitiveType& val
+        );
+
+        //- A printf-style formatter for a primitive.
+        template<class PrimitiveType>
+        static std::string::size_type string_printf
+        (
+            std::string& output,
+            const std::string& fmt,
+            const PrimitiveType& val
+        );
+
         //- Return file name extension (part after last .)
         word ext() const;
 
@@ -128,8 +147,7 @@ public:
     class hash
     {
     public:
-        hash()
+        hash() = default;
-        {}
 
         //- Hash for string.
         //  Uses Foam::string instead of std::string for automatic conversions.
@@ -152,9 +170,9 @@ public:
         inline string(const char* str, const size_type len);
 
         //- Construct from a single character
-        inline string(const char c);
+        inline explicit string(const char c);
 
-        //- Construct from copies of a single character
+        //- Construct fill copies of a single character
         inline string(const size_type len, const char c);
 
         //- Move construct from std::string
@@ -292,6 +310,10 @@ public:
 
 #include "stringI.H"
 
+#ifdef NoRepository
+    #include "stringTemplates.C"
+#endif
+
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
 #endif

src/OpenFOAM/primitives/strings/string/stringI.H

@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@ License
 
 \*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
-
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * Protected Member Functions  * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
 inline std::string::size_type Foam::string::find_ext(const std::string& str)
@@ -68,6 +67,8 @@ inline bool Foam::string::removeExt()
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Constructors  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
 inline Foam::string::string()
+:
+    std::string()
 {}
 
 

src/OpenFOAM/primitives/strings/string/stringTemplates.C

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     |
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2018 OpenCFD Ltd.
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include <cstdio>
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+// Could also consider generalizing with C++11 variadic templates
+
+template<class PrimitiveType>
+std::string::size_type Foam::string::string_printf
+(
+    std::string& output,
+    const char* fmt,
+    const PrimitiveType& val
+)
+{
+    // Use snprintf with zero to establish the size (without '\0') required
+    int n = ::snprintf(nullptr, 0, fmt, val);
+    if (n > 0)
+    {
+        output.resize(n+1);
+        char* buf = &(output[0]);
+
+        // Print directly into buffer, no stripping desired
+        n = ::snprintf(buf, n+1, fmt, val);
+        output.resize(n);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        output.clear();
+    }
+
+    return output.size();
+}
+
+
+template<class PrimitiveType>
+std::string::size_type Foam::string::string_printf
+(
+    std::string& output,
+    const std::string& fmt,
+    const PrimitiveType& val
+)
+{
+    return string_printf(output, fmt.c_str(), val);
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

src/OpenFOAM/primitives/strings/stringOps/stringOps.C

@@ -457,7 +457,7 @@ Foam::string Foam::stringOps::expand
         }
         else
         {
-            out.append(string(s[index]));
+            out.append(1, s[index]);  // append char
         }
         ++index;
     }

src/OpenFOAM/primitives/strings/stringOps/stringOps.H

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
   \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
    \\    /   O peration     |
     \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011-2012 OpenFOAM Foundation
-     \\/     M anipulation  | Copyright (C) 2016-2017 OpenCFD Ltd.
+     \\/     M anipulation  | Copyright (C) 2016-2018 OpenCFD Ltd.
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
     This file is part of OpenFOAM.
@@ -321,19 +321,6 @@ namespace stringOps
     void inplaceUpper(std::string& s);
 
 
-    //- Using printf-formatter for a word representation of the primitive.
-    //  The representation is not checked for valid word characters -
-    //  it is assumed that the caller knows what they are doing
-    template<class PrimitiveType>
-    Foam::word name(const char* fmt, const PrimitiveType& val);
-
-    //- Using printf-formatter for a word representation of the primitive.
-    //  The representation is not checked for valid word characters -
-    //  it is assumed that the caller knows what they are doing
-    template<class PrimitiveType>
-    Foam::word name(const std::string& fmt, const PrimitiveType& val);
-
-
     //- Split string into sub-strings at the delimiter character.
     //  Empty sub-strings are normally suppressed.
     //  Behaviour is ill-defined if delim is a NUL character.

src/OpenFOAM/primitives/strings/stringOps/stringOpsTemplates.C

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   =========                 |
   \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
    \\    /   O peration     |
-    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2016-2017 OpenCFD Ltd.
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2016-2018 OpenCFD Ltd.
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
@@ -23,49 +23,8 @@ License
 
 \*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
-#include <cstdio>
-
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
-// NOTE: with C++11 could consider variadic templates for a more general
-// sprintf implementation
-
-template<class PrimitiveType>
-Foam::word Foam::stringOps::name
-(
-    const char* fmt,
-    const PrimitiveType& val
-)
-{
-    word output;
-
-    // snprintf with zero to find size (without '\0') required
-    int n = ::snprintf(nullptr, 0, fmt, val);
-    if (n > 0)
-    {
-        output.resize(n+1);
-        char* buf = &(output[0]);
-
-        // Print directly into buffer, no stripping desired
-        n = ::snprintf(buf, n+1, fmt, val);
-        output.resize(n);
-    }
-
-    return output;
-}
-
-
-template<class PrimitiveType>
-Foam::word Foam::stringOps::name
-(
-    const std::string& fmt,
-    const PrimitiveType& val
-)
-{
-    return stringOps::name(fmt.c_str(), val);
-}
-
-
 template<class StringType>
 Foam::SubStrings<StringType> Foam::stringOps::split
 (

src/OpenFOAM/primitives/strings/word/word.H

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
   \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
    \\    /   O peration     |
     \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011-2016 OpenFOAM Foundation
-     \\/     M anipulation  | Copyright (C) 2017 OpenCFD Ltd.
+     \\/     M anipulation  | Copyright (C) 2017-2018 OpenCFD Ltd.
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
     This file is part of OpenFOAM.
@@ -117,7 +117,28 @@ public:
         word(Istream& is);
 
 
-    // Member functions
+    // Member Functions
+
+        //- Use a printf-style formatter for a primitive.
+        //  The representation is not checked for valid characters -
+        //  it is assumed that the caller knows what they are doing
+        template<class PrimitiveType>
+        inline static word printf
+        (
+            const char* fmt,
+            const PrimitiveType& val
+        );
+
+        //- Use a printf-style formatter for a primitive.
+        //  The representation is not checked for valid characters -
+        //  it is assumed that the caller knows what they are doing
+        template<class PrimitiveType>
+        inline static word printf
+        (
+            const std::string& fmt,
+            const PrimitiveType& val
+        );
+
 
         //- Is this character valid for a word?
         inline static bool valid(char c);
@@ -128,7 +149,7 @@ public:
         static word validate(const std::string& s, const bool prefix=false);
 
 
-      // File-like functions
+    // File-like Functions
 
         //- Return word without extension (part before last .)
         word lessExt() const;

src/OpenFOAM/primitives/strings/word/wordI.H

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
   \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
    \\    /   O peration     |
     \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011-2017 OpenFOAM Foundation
-     \\/     M anipulation  |
+     \\/     M anipulation  | Copyright (C) 2018 OpenCFD Ltd.
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
     This file is part of OpenFOAM.
@@ -26,6 +26,34 @@ License
 #include <cctype>
 #include <iostream>  // for std::cerr
 
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * Static Member Functions * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+template<class PrimitiveType>
+inline Foam::word Foam::word::printf
+(
+    const char* fmt,
+    const PrimitiveType& val
+)
+{
+    word output;
+    string_printf(output, fmt, val);
+    return output;
+}
+
+
+template<class PrimitiveType>
+inline Foam::word Foam::word::printf
+(
+    const std::string& fmt,
+    const PrimitiveType& val
+)
+{
+    word output;
+    string_printf(output, fmt, val);
+    return output;
+}
+
+
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * * Private Member Functions  * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
 inline void Foam::word::stripInvalid()

src/combustionModels/diffusionMulticomponent/diffusionMulticomponent.C

@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ diffusionMulticomponent<CombThermoType, ThermoType>::init()
             (
                 IOobject
                 (
-                    "Rijk" + name(k),
+                    "Rijk" + Foam::name(k),
                     this->mesh_.time().timeName(),
                     this->mesh_,
                     IOobject::NO_READ,
@@ -160,14 +160,6 @@ diffusionMulticomponent
 }
 
 
-// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Destructor  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
-
-template<class CombThermoType, class ThermoType>
-Foam::combustionModels::diffusionMulticomponent<CombThermoType, ThermoType>::
-~diffusionMulticomponent()
-{}
-
-
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Member Functions  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
 template<class CombThermoType, class ThermoType>
@@ -200,7 +192,7 @@ diffusionMulticomponent<CombThermoType, ThermoType>::correct()
                 (
                     IOobject
                     (
-                        "Rijl" + word(k),
+                        "Rijl" + Foam::name(k),
                         this->mesh_.time().timeName(),
                         this->mesh_,
                         IOobject::NO_READ,
@@ -258,7 +250,7 @@ diffusionMulticomponent<CombThermoType, ThermoType>::correct()
 
             const volScalarField ft
             (
-                "ft" + name(k),
+                "ft" + Foam::name(k),
                 (
                     s_[k]*Yfuel - (Yox - YoxStream_[k])
                 )
@@ -279,7 +271,7 @@ diffusionMulticomponent<CombThermoType, ThermoType>::correct()
 
             const volScalarField preExp
             (
-                "preExp" + name(k),
+                "preExp" + Foam::name(k),
                  1.0  + sqr(OAvailScaled)
             );
 
@@ -291,7 +283,7 @@ diffusionMulticomponent<CombThermoType, ThermoType>::correct()
 
             const volScalarField topHatFilter(pos(filter - 1e-3));
 
-            const volScalarField prob("prob" + name(k), preExp*filter);
+            const volScalarField prob("prob" + Foam::name(k), preExp*filter);
 
             const volScalarField RijkDiff
             (
@@ -438,11 +430,9 @@ diffusionMulticomponent<CombThermoType, ThermoType>::read()
         this->coeffs().readIfPresent("laminarIgn", laminarIgn_);
         return true;
     }
-    else
+
-    {
     return false;
 }
-}
 
 
 // ************************************************************************* //

src/combustionModels/diffusionMulticomponent/diffusionMulticomponent.H

@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ public:
 
 
     //- Destructor
-    virtual ~diffusionMulticomponent();
+    virtual ~diffusionMulticomponent() = default;
 
 
     // Member Functions

src/fileFormats/ensight/file/ensightCase.C

@@ -535,7 +535,7 @@ void Foam::ensightCase::write() const
     {
         // moving
         *os_
-            << Foam::name("model: %-9d", tsGeom)        // width 16
+            << word::printf("model: %-9d", tsGeom) // width 16 (no quotes)
             << (dataMask/geometryName).c_str()
             << nl;
     }
@@ -554,7 +554,7 @@ void Foam::ensightCase::write() const
         );
 
         *os_
-            << Foam::name("measured: %-6d", tsCloud)    // width 16
+            << word::printf("measured: %-6d", tsCloud) // width 16 (no quotes)
             << (masked/"positions").c_str()
             << nl;
     }
@@ -617,7 +617,7 @@ void Foam::ensightCase::write() const
             // prefix variables with 'c' (cloud) and cloud index
             *os_
                 << ensType.c_str() << " per "
-                << Foam::name("measured node: %-5d", tsCloud) // width 20
+                << word::printf("measured node: %-5d", tsCloud) // width 20
                 << setw(15)
                 << ("c" + Foam::name(cloudNo) + varName).c_str() << ' '
                 << (masked/varName).c_str()

src/fileFormats/ensight/file/ensightCaseOptions.C

@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@ Foam::IOstream::streamFormat Foam::ensightCase::options::format() const
     return format_;
 }
 
+
 const Foam::word& Foam::ensightCase::options::mask() const
 {
     return mask_;
@@ -56,7 +57,7 @@ const Foam::word& Foam::ensightCase::options::mask() const
 
 Foam::word Foam::ensightCase::options::padded(const label i) const
 {
-    // As per Foam::name, but with fixed length
+    // As per word::printf(), but with fixed length
     char buf[32];
 
     ::snprintf(buf, 32, printf_.c_str(), static_cast<int>(i));
@@ -85,7 +86,7 @@ void Foam::ensightCase::options::width(const label n)
     mask_.resize(n, '*');
 
     // appropriate printf format
-    printf_ = "%0" + Foam::name(n) + "d";
+    printf_ = "%0" + std::to_string(n) + "d";
 }
 
 

src/finiteVolume/fvMatrices/solvers/isoAdvection/isoAdvection/isoAdvection.C

@@ -1100,9 +1100,9 @@ void Foam::isoAdvection::writeIsoFaces
             mesh_.time().path()/".."/"isoFaces"
           : mesh_.time().path()/"isoFaces"
     );
-    const string fName
+    const word fName
     (
-        "isoFaces_" + Foam::name("%012d", mesh_.time().timeIndex())
+        word::printf("isoFaces_%012d", mesh_.time().timeIndex())
     );
 
     if (Pstream::parRun())

src/sampling/sampledSurface/sampledTriSurfaceMesh/sampledTriSurfaceMesh.C

@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ bool Foam::sampledTriSurfaceMesh::update(const meshSearch& meshSearcher)
                 patchi,
                 (
                     patches[patchi].name().empty()
-                  ? Foam::name("patch%d", patchi)
+                  ? word::printf("patch%d", patchi)
                   : patches[patchi].name()
                 )
             );
@@ -345,7 +345,7 @@ bool Foam::sampledTriSurfaceMesh::update(const meshSearch& meshSearcher)
                     zoneNames.set
                     (
                         regionid,
-                        Foam::name("patch%d", regionid)
+                        word::printf("patch%d", regionid)
                     );
                 }
 
@@ -393,7 +393,7 @@ bool Foam::sampledTriSurfaceMesh::update(const meshSearch& meshSearcher)
         }
         if (name.empty())
         {
-            name = ::Foam::name("patch%d", regionid);
+            name = word::printf("patch%d", regionid);
         }
 
         zoneLst[zoneI] = surfZone

src/sampling/surface/triSurfaceMesh/discreteSurface.C

@@ -306,7 +306,7 @@ bool Foam::discreteSurface::update(const meshSearch& meshSearcher)
                 patchi,
                 (
                     patches[patchi].name().empty()
-                  ? Foam::name("patch%d", patchi)
+                  ? word::printf("patch%d", patchi)
                   : patches[patchi].name()
                 )
             );
@@ -339,7 +339,7 @@ bool Foam::discreteSurface::update(const meshSearch& meshSearcher)
                     zoneNames.set
                     (
                         regionid,
-                        Foam::name("patch%d", regionid)
+                        word::printf("patch%d", regionid)
                     );
                 }
 
@@ -387,7 +387,7 @@ bool Foam::discreteSurface::update(const meshSearch& meshSearcher)
         }
         if (name.empty())
         {
-            name = ::Foam::name("patch%d", regionid);
+            name = word::printf("patch%d", regionid);
         }
 
         zoneLst[zoneI] = surfZone

src/thermophysicalModels/reactionThermo/chemistryReaders/chemkinReader/chemkinReader.H

@@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ private:
             }
             else if (elementName[0] == 'E')
             {
-                elementName = 'e';
+                elementName = "e";
             }
         }
 
@@ -314,8 +314,7 @@ public:
 
 
     //- Destructor
-    virtual ~chemkinReader()
+    virtual ~chemkinReader() = default;
-    {}
 
 
     // Member functions