COMP: use hard-coded values for fieldTypes (issue #1068)

- this seems to be the only reliable means of obtaining the values.

  Using typeName_() yields the wrong value.

  Using the typeName causes initialization issues
  (segfault when executing on some systems).

applications/test/fieldTypes/Make/files

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+Test-fieldTypes.C
+
+EXE = $(FOAM_USER_APPBIN)/Test-fieldTypes

applications/test/fieldTypes/Make/options

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+EXE_INC = \
+    -I$(LIB_SRC)/finiteArea/lnInclude \
+    -I${LIB_SRC}/finiteVolume/lnInclude \
+    -I${LIB_SRC}/meshTools/lnInclude \
+
+EXE_LIBS = \
+    -lfiniteArea \
+    -lfiniteVolume \
+    -lmeshTools

applications/test/fieldTypes/Test-fieldTypes.C

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     |
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2018 OpenCFD Ltd.
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+Application
+    Test-fieldTypes
+
+Description
+    Print fieldTypes
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "fvCFD.H"
+#include "argList.H"
+#include "IOobject.H"
+#include "IOstreams.H"
+
+#include "areaFields.H"
+#include "fieldTypes.H"
+#include "pointFields.H"
+#include "volFields.H"
+
+using namespace Foam;
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+// Main program:
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[])
+{
+    argList::noParallel();
+
+    Info<< "basic:    " << flatOutput(fieldTypes::basic) << nl
+        << "area:     " << flatOutput(fieldTypes::area) << nl
+        << "volume:   " << flatOutput(fieldTypes::volume) << nl
+        << "internal: " << flatOutput(fieldTypes::internal) << nl
+        << "point:    " << flatOutput(fieldTypes::point) << nl
+        << endl;
+
+    Info<< "\nEnd\n" << endl;
+    return 0;
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //