From 93285d5fe197d64db9e467c03fec88e10e9b666e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Henry Weller <http://cfd.direct>
Date: Tue, 8 Mar 2016 10:57:41 +0000
Subject: [PATCH] src/OpenFOAM/primitives: Moved the standard static data
 members for vector and tensor types into VectorSpace

This simplifies the code easing maintenance and the addition of other
VectorSpace types.
---
 .../primitives/DiagTensor/DiagTensor.H        | 16 ++--
 .../primitives/DiagTensor/DiagTensorI.H       | 32 +++----
 .../DiagTensor/diagTensor/diagTensor.C        | 46 +++++++---
 src/OpenFOAM/primitives/Scalar/Scalar.C       |  4 +-
 src/OpenFOAM/primitives/Scalar/Scalar.H       |  4 +-
 .../SphericalTensor/SphericalTensor.H         |  8 +-
 .../SphericalTensor/SphericalTensorI.H        | 25 +++---
 .../labelSphericalTensor.C                    | 54 +++++++++---
 .../sphericalTensor/sphericalTensor.C         | 49 +++++++----
 .../SphericalTensor2D/SphericalTensor2D.H     |  8 +-
 .../SphericalTensor2D/SphericalTensor2DI.H    | 26 +++---
 .../sphericalTensor2D/sphericalTensor2D.C     | 56 ++++++++----
 .../primitives/SymmTensor/SymmTensor.H        |  9 +-
 .../primitives/SymmTensor/SymmTensorI.H       | 47 +++++-----
 .../labelSymmTensor/labelSymmTensor.C         | 57 ++++++++----
 .../SymmTensor/symmTensor/symmTensor.C        | 53 ++++++------
 .../primitives/SymmTensor2D/SymmTensor2D.H    |  9 +-
 .../primitives/SymmTensor2D/SymmTensor2DI.H   | 39 +++++----
 .../SymmTensor2D/symmTensor2D/symmTensor2D.C  | 49 ++++++-----
 src/OpenFOAM/primitives/Tensor/Tensor.H       |  7 --
 src/OpenFOAM/primitives/Tensor/TensorI.H      | 86 ++++++++++---------
 .../Tensor/labelTensor/labelTensor.C          | 69 +++++++++------
 .../primitives/Tensor/tensor/tensor.C         | 77 +++++++----------
 src/OpenFOAM/primitives/Tensor2D/Tensor2D.H   | 13 ++-
 src/OpenFOAM/primitives/Tensor2D/Tensor2DI.H  | 52 +++++------
 .../primitives/Tensor2D/tensor2D/tensor2D.C   | 36 +++++---
 src/OpenFOAM/primitives/Vector/Vector.H       | 14 +--
 src/OpenFOAM/primitives/Vector/VectorI.H      | 47 +++++-----
 .../Vector/complexVector/complexVector.C      | 51 +++++++----
 .../Vector/floatVector/floatVector.C          | 57 ++++++------
 .../Vector/labelVector/labelVector.C          | 53 +++++++++---
 .../primitives/Vector/vector/vector.C         | 26 ++----
 src/OpenFOAM/primitives/Vector2D/Vector2D.H   | 16 ++--
 src/OpenFOAM/primitives/Vector2D/Vector2DI.H  | 33 ++++---
 .../primitives/Vector2D/vector2D/vector2D.C   | 44 +++++++---
 .../primitives/VectorSpace/VectorSpace.H      | 23 ++++-
 .../primitives/VectorSpace/VectorSpaceI.H     | 16 ++--
 src/OpenFOAM/primitives/bools/bool/bool.C     |  4 +-
 src/OpenFOAM/primitives/bools/bool/bool.H     |  4 +-
 src/OpenFOAM/primitives/ints/int32/int32.C    |  4 +-
 src/OpenFOAM/primitives/ints/int32/int32.H    |  4 +-
 src/OpenFOAM/primitives/ints/int64/int64.C    |  4 +-
 src/OpenFOAM/primitives/ints/int64/int64.H    |  4 +-
 src/OpenFOAM/primitives/ints/uint32/uint32.C  |  4 +-
 src/OpenFOAM/primitives/ints/uint32/uint32.H  |  4 +-
 src/OpenFOAM/primitives/ints/uint64/uint64.C  |  4 +-
 src/OpenFOAM/primitives/ints/uint64/uint64.H  |  4 +-
 src/OpenFOAM/primitives/triad/triad.C         | 61 ++++++-------
 src/OpenFOAM/primitives/triad/triad.H         |  8 +-
 49 files changed, 771 insertions(+), 649 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/DiagTensor/DiagTensor.H b/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/DiagTensor/DiagTensor.H
index 2d64825ed7..0a2138cea4 100644
--- a/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/DiagTensor/DiagTensor.H
+++ b/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/DiagTensor/DiagTensor.H
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   =========                 |
   \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
    \\    /   O peration     |
-    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011-2013 OpenFOAM Foundation
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011-2016 OpenFOAM Foundation
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
@@ -58,6 +58,10 @@ class DiagTensor
 
 public:
 
+    //- Equivalent type of labels used for valid component indexing
+    typedef DiagTensor<label> labelType;
+
+
     // Member constants
 
         enum
@@ -66,16 +70,6 @@ public:
         };
 
 
-    // Static data members
-
-        static const char* const typeName;
-        static const char* componentNames[];
-        static const DiagTensor zero;
-        static const DiagTensor one;
-        static const DiagTensor max;
-        static const DiagTensor min;
-
-
     //- Component labeling enumeration
     enum components { XX, YY, ZZ };
 
diff --git a/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/DiagTensor/DiagTensorI.H b/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/DiagTensor/DiagTensorI.H
index 63497e7a24..49ed7b8998 100644
--- a/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/DiagTensor/DiagTensorI.H
+++ b/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/DiagTensor/DiagTensorI.H
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   =========                 |
   \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
    \\    /   O peration     |
-    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011-2014 OpenFOAM Foundation
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011-2016 OpenFOAM Foundation
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
@@ -26,21 +26,16 @@ License
 #include "SphericalTensor.H"
 #include "SymmTensor.H"
 
-// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
-
-namespace Foam
-{
-
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Constructors  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline DiagTensor<Cmpt>::DiagTensor()
+inline Foam::DiagTensor<Cmpt>::DiagTensor()
 {}
 
 
 template<class Cmpt>
 template<class Cmpt2>
-inline DiagTensor<Cmpt>::DiagTensor
+inline Foam::DiagTensor<Cmpt>::DiagTensor
 (
     const VectorSpace<DiagTensor<Cmpt2>, Cmpt2, 3>& vs
 )
@@ -50,7 +45,7 @@ inline DiagTensor<Cmpt>::DiagTensor
 
 
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline DiagTensor<Cmpt>::DiagTensor
+inline Foam::DiagTensor<Cmpt>::DiagTensor
 (
     const Cmpt& vxx,
     const Cmpt& vyy,
@@ -64,7 +59,7 @@ inline DiagTensor<Cmpt>::DiagTensor
 
 
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline DiagTensor<Cmpt>::DiagTensor(Istream& is)
+inline Foam::DiagTensor<Cmpt>::DiagTensor(Istream& is)
 :
     VectorSpace<DiagTensor<Cmpt>, Cmpt, 3>(is)
 {}
@@ -73,43 +68,48 @@ inline DiagTensor<Cmpt>::DiagTensor(Istream& is)
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Member Functions  * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline const Cmpt&  DiagTensor<Cmpt>::xx() const
+inline const Cmpt& Foam::DiagTensor<Cmpt>::xx() const
 {
     return this->v_[XX];
 }
 
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline const Cmpt&  DiagTensor<Cmpt>::yy() const
+inline const Cmpt& Foam::DiagTensor<Cmpt>::yy() const
 {
     return this->v_[YY];
 }
 
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline const Cmpt&  DiagTensor<Cmpt>::zz() const
+inline const Cmpt& Foam::DiagTensor<Cmpt>::zz() const
 {
     return this->v_[ZZ];
 }
 
 
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline Cmpt& DiagTensor<Cmpt>::xx()
+inline Cmpt& Foam::DiagTensor<Cmpt>::xx()
 {
     return this->v_[XX];
 }
 
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline Cmpt& DiagTensor<Cmpt>::yy()
+inline Cmpt& Foam::DiagTensor<Cmpt>::yy()
 {
     return this->v_[YY];
 }
 
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline Cmpt& DiagTensor<Cmpt>::zz()
+inline Cmpt& Foam::DiagTensor<Cmpt>::zz()
 {
     return this->v_[ZZ];
 }
 
 
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Global Operators  * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
 template<class Cmpt>
diff --git a/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/DiagTensor/diagTensor/diagTensor.C b/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/DiagTensor/diagTensor/diagTensor.C
index f5fe69dedc..bcc9c1af3d 100644
--- a/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/DiagTensor/diagTensor/diagTensor.C
+++ b/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/DiagTensor/diagTensor/diagTensor.C
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   =========                 |
   \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
    \\    /   O peration     |
-    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011 OpenFOAM Foundation
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011-2016 OpenFOAM Foundation
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
@@ -28,34 +28,52 @@ Description
 
 #include "diagTensor.H"
 
-// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
-
-namespace Foam
-{
-
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Static Data Members * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
 template<>
-const char* const diagTensor::typeName = "diagTensor";
+const char* const Foam::diagTensor::vsType::typeName = "diagTensor";
 
 template<>
-const char* diagTensor::componentNames[] = {"xx", "yy", "zz"};
+const char* const Foam::diagTensor::vsType::componentNames[] =
+{
+    "xx", "yy", "zz"
+};
 
 template<>
-const diagTensor diagTensor::zero(0, 0, 0);
+const Foam::diagTensor Foam::diagTensor::vsType::vsType::zero
+(
+    diagTensor::uniform(0)
+);
 
 template<>
-const diagTensor diagTensor::one(1, 1, 1);
+const Foam::diagTensor Foam::diagTensor::vsType::one
+(
+    diagTensor::uniform(1)
+);
 
 template<>
-const diagTensor diagTensor::max(VGREAT, VGREAT, VGREAT);
+const Foam::diagTensor Foam::diagTensor::vsType::max
+(
+    diagTensor::uniform(VGREAT)
+);
 
 template<>
-const diagTensor diagTensor::min(-VGREAT, -VGREAT, -VGREAT);
+const Foam::diagTensor Foam::diagTensor::vsType::min
+(
+    diagTensor::uniform(-VGREAT)
+);
 
+template<>
+const Foam::diagTensor Foam::diagTensor::vsType::rootMax
+(
+    diagTensor::uniform(ROOTVGREAT)
+);
 
-// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+template<>
+const Foam::diagTensor Foam::diagTensor::vsType::rootMin
+(
+    diagTensor::uniform(-ROOTVGREAT)
+);
 
-} // End namespace Foam
 
 // ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/Scalar/Scalar.C b/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/Scalar/Scalar.C
index 05db9a2d80..0a3e09b0b1 100644
--- a/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/Scalar/Scalar.C
+++ b/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/Scalar/Scalar.C
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   =========                 |
   \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
    \\    /   O peration     |
-    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011-2015 OpenFOAM Foundation
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011-2016 OpenFOAM Foundation
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ const Scalar pTraits<Scalar>::max = ScalarVGREAT;
 const Scalar pTraits<Scalar>::rootMin = -ScalarROOTVGREAT;
 const Scalar pTraits<Scalar>::rootMax = ScalarROOTVGREAT;
 
-const char* pTraits<Scalar>::componentNames[] = { "" };
+const char* const pTraits<Scalar>::componentNames[] = { "" };
 
 pTraits<Scalar>::pTraits(const Scalar& p)
 :
diff --git a/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/Scalar/Scalar.H b/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/Scalar/Scalar.H
index c25a92b209..54b8ec5785 100644
--- a/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/Scalar/Scalar.H
+++ b/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/Scalar/Scalar.H
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   =========                 |
   \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
    \\    /   O peration     |
-    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011-2015 OpenFOAM Foundation
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011-2016 OpenFOAM Foundation
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ public:
     // Static data members
 
         static const char* const typeName;
-        static const char* componentNames[];
+        static const char* const componentNames[];
         static const Scalar zero;
         static const Scalar one;
         static const Scalar max;
diff --git a/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/SphericalTensor/SphericalTensor.H b/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/SphericalTensor/SphericalTensor.H
index a2bb56e3f4..cd16d3026e 100644
--- a/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/SphericalTensor/SphericalTensor.H
+++ b/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/SphericalTensor/SphericalTensor.H
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   =========                 |
   \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
    \\    /   O peration     |
-    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011-2013 OpenFOAM Foundation
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011-2016 OpenFOAM Foundation
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
@@ -70,12 +70,6 @@ public:
 
     // Static data members
 
-        static const char* const typeName;
-        static const char* componentNames[];
-        static const SphericalTensor zero;
-        static const SphericalTensor one;
-        static const SphericalTensor max;
-        static const SphericalTensor min;
         static const SphericalTensor I;
         static const SphericalTensor oneThirdI;
         static const SphericalTensor twoThirdsI;
diff --git a/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/SphericalTensor/SphericalTensorI.H b/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/SphericalTensor/SphericalTensorI.H
index c22f547895..409b3961b2 100644
--- a/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/SphericalTensor/SphericalTensorI.H
+++ b/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/SphericalTensor/SphericalTensorI.H
@@ -25,21 +25,16 @@ License
 
 #include "Vector.H"
 
-// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
-
-namespace Foam
-{
-
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Constructors  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline SphericalTensor<Cmpt>::SphericalTensor()
+inline Foam::SphericalTensor<Cmpt>::SphericalTensor()
 {}
 
 
 template<class Cmpt>
 template<class Cmpt2>
-inline SphericalTensor<Cmpt>::SphericalTensor
+inline Foam::SphericalTensor<Cmpt>::SphericalTensor
 (
     const VectorSpace<SphericalTensor<Cmpt2>, Cmpt2, 1>& vs
 )
@@ -49,14 +44,14 @@ inline SphericalTensor<Cmpt>::SphericalTensor
 
 
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline SphericalTensor<Cmpt>::SphericalTensor(const Cmpt& stii)
+inline Foam::SphericalTensor<Cmpt>::SphericalTensor(const Cmpt& stii)
 {
     this->v_[II] = stii;
 }
 
 
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline SphericalTensor<Cmpt>::SphericalTensor(Istream& is)
+inline Foam::SphericalTensor<Cmpt>::SphericalTensor(Istream& is)
 :
     VectorSpace<SphericalTensor<Cmpt>, Cmpt, 1>(is)
 {}
@@ -65,26 +60,32 @@ inline SphericalTensor<Cmpt>::SphericalTensor(Istream& is)
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Member Functions  * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline const Cmpt&  SphericalTensor<Cmpt>::ii() const
+inline const Cmpt& Foam::SphericalTensor<Cmpt>::ii() const
 {
     return this->v_[II];
 }
 
 
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline Cmpt& SphericalTensor<Cmpt>::ii()
+inline Cmpt& Foam::SphericalTensor<Cmpt>::ii()
 {
     return this->v_[II];
 }
 
 
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline const SphericalTensor<Cmpt>& SphericalTensor<Cmpt>::T() const
+inline const Foam::SphericalTensor<Cmpt>&
+Foam::SphericalTensor<Cmpt>::T() const
 {
     return *this;
 }
 
 
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Global Operators  * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
 //- Inner-product between two spherical tensors
diff --git a/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/SphericalTensor/labelSphericalTensor/labelSphericalTensor.C b/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/SphericalTensor/labelSphericalTensor/labelSphericalTensor.C
index 59f01c6192..c7ce40447f 100644
--- a/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/SphericalTensor/labelSphericalTensor/labelSphericalTensor.C
+++ b/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/SphericalTensor/labelSphericalTensor/labelSphericalTensor.C
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   =========                 |
   \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
    \\    /   O peration     |
-    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011 OpenFOAM Foundation
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011-2016 OpenFOAM Foundation
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
@@ -25,31 +25,59 @@ License
 
 #include "labelSphericalTensor.H"
 
-// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
-
-namespace Foam
-{
-
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Static Data Members * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
 template<>
-const char* const labelSphericalTensor::typeName = "labelSphericalTensor";
+const char* const Foam::labelSphericalTensor::vsType::typeName
+(
+    "labelSphericalTensor"
+);
 
 template<>
-const char* labelSphericalTensor::componentNames[] = {"ii"};
+const char* const Foam::labelSphericalTensor::vsType::componentNames[] =
+{
+    "ii"
+};
 
 template<>
-const labelSphericalTensor labelSphericalTensor::zero(0);
+const Foam::labelSphericalTensor
+Foam::labelSphericalTensor::vsType::vsType::zero
+(
+    labelSphericalTensor::uniform(0)
+);
 
 template<>
-const labelSphericalTensor labelSphericalTensor::one(1);
+const Foam::labelSphericalTensor Foam::labelSphericalTensor::vsType::one
+(
+    labelSphericalTensor::uniform(1)
+);
 
 template<>
-const labelSphericalTensor labelSphericalTensor::I(1);
+const Foam::labelSphericalTensor Foam::labelSphericalTensor::vsType::max
+(
+    labelSphericalTensor::uniform(labelMax)
+);
 
+template<>
+const Foam::labelSphericalTensor Foam::labelSphericalTensor::vsType::min
+(
+    labelSphericalTensor::uniform(-labelMax)
+);
 
-// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+template<>
+const Foam::labelSphericalTensor Foam::labelSphericalTensor::vsType::rootMax
+(
+    labelSphericalTensor::uniform(sqrt(scalar(labelMax)))
+);
+
+template<>
+const Foam::labelSphericalTensor Foam::labelSphericalTensor::vsType::rootMin
+(
+    labelSphericalTensor::uniform(-sqrt(scalar(labelMax)))
+);
+
+template<>
+const Foam::labelSphericalTensor Foam::labelSphericalTensor::I(1);
 
-} // End namespace Foam
 
 // ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/SphericalTensor/sphericalTensor/sphericalTensor.C b/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/SphericalTensor/sphericalTensor/sphericalTensor.C
index b5d3bc59fc..826fb0cc22 100644
--- a/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/SphericalTensor/sphericalTensor/sphericalTensor.C
+++ b/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/SphericalTensor/sphericalTensor/sphericalTensor.C
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   =========                 |
   \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
    \\    /   O peration     |
-    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011 OpenFOAM Foundation
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011-2016 OpenFOAM Foundation
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
@@ -25,42 +25,57 @@ License
 
 #include "sphericalTensor.H"
 
-// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
-
-namespace Foam
-{
-
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Static Data Members * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
 template<>
-const char* const sphericalTensor::typeName = "sphericalTensor";
+const char* const Foam::sphericalTensor::vsType::typeName = "sphericalTensor";
 
 template<>
-const char* sphericalTensor::componentNames[] = {"ii"};
+const char* const Foam::sphericalTensor::vsType::componentNames[] = {"ii"};
 
 template<>
-const sphericalTensor sphericalTensor::zero(0);
+const Foam::sphericalTensor Foam::sphericalTensor::vsType::zero
+(
+    sphericalTensor::uniform(0)
+);
 
 template<>
-const sphericalTensor sphericalTensor::one(1);
+const Foam::sphericalTensor Foam::sphericalTensor::vsType::one
+(
+    sphericalTensor::uniform(1)
+);
 
 template<>
-const sphericalTensor sphericalTensor::max(VGREAT);
+const Foam::sphericalTensor Foam::sphericalTensor::vsType::max
+(
+    sphericalTensor::uniform(VGREAT)
+);
 
 template<>
-const sphericalTensor sphericalTensor::min(-VGREAT);
+const Foam::sphericalTensor Foam::sphericalTensor::vsType::min
+(
+    sphericalTensor::uniform(-VGREAT)
+);
 
 template<>
-const sphericalTensor sphericalTensor::I(1);
+const Foam::sphericalTensor Foam::sphericalTensor::vsType::rootMax
+(
+    sphericalTensor::uniform(ROOTVGREAT)
+);
 
 template<>
-const sphericalTensor sphericalTensor::oneThirdI(1.0/3.0);
+const Foam::sphericalTensor Foam::sphericalTensor::vsType::rootMin
+(
+    sphericalTensor::uniform(-ROOTVGREAT)
+);
 
 template<>
-const sphericalTensor sphericalTensor::twoThirdsI(2.0/3.0);
+const Foam::sphericalTensor Foam::sphericalTensor::I(1);
 
-// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+template<>
+const Foam::sphericalTensor Foam::sphericalTensor::oneThirdI(1.0/3.0);
 
-} // End namespace Foam
+template<>
+const Foam::sphericalTensor Foam::sphericalTensor::twoThirdsI(2.0/3.0);
 
 // ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/SphericalTensor2D/SphericalTensor2D.H b/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/SphericalTensor2D/SphericalTensor2D.H
index 0ecae53a58..474777c1c3 100644
--- a/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/SphericalTensor2D/SphericalTensor2D.H
+++ b/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/SphericalTensor2D/SphericalTensor2D.H
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   =========                 |
   \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
    \\    /   O peration     |
-    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011 OpenFOAM Foundation
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011-2016 OpenFOAM Foundation
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
@@ -66,12 +66,6 @@ public:
 
     // Static data members
 
-        static const char* const typeName;
-        static const char* componentNames[];
-        static const SphericalTensor2D zero;
-        static const SphericalTensor2D one;
-        static const SphericalTensor2D max;
-        static const SphericalTensor2D min;
         static const SphericalTensor2D I;
         static const SphericalTensor2D oneThirdI;
         static const SphericalTensor2D twoThirdsI;
diff --git a/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/SphericalTensor2D/SphericalTensor2DI.H b/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/SphericalTensor2D/SphericalTensor2DI.H
index 18bf88f0a5..9a8b6daff7 100644
--- a/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/SphericalTensor2D/SphericalTensor2DI.H
+++ b/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/SphericalTensor2D/SphericalTensor2DI.H
@@ -25,22 +25,15 @@ License
 
 #include "Vector2D.H"
 
-// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
-
-namespace Foam
-{
-
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Constructors  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
-// Construct null
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline SphericalTensor2D<Cmpt>::SphericalTensor2D()
+inline Foam::SphericalTensor2D<Cmpt>::SphericalTensor2D()
 {}
 
 
-// Construct given VectorSpace
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline SphericalTensor2D<Cmpt>::SphericalTensor2D
+inline Foam::SphericalTensor2D<Cmpt>::SphericalTensor2D
 (
     const VectorSpace<SphericalTensor2D<Cmpt>, Cmpt, 1>& vs
 )
@@ -49,17 +42,15 @@ inline SphericalTensor2D<Cmpt>::SphericalTensor2D
 {}
 
 
-// Construct given three Cmpts
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline SphericalTensor2D<Cmpt>::SphericalTensor2D(const Cmpt& stii)
+inline Foam::SphericalTensor2D<Cmpt>::SphericalTensor2D(const Cmpt& stii)
 {
     this->v_[II] = stii;
 }
 
 
-// Construct from Istream
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline SphericalTensor2D<Cmpt>::SphericalTensor2D(Istream& is)
+inline Foam::SphericalTensor2D<Cmpt>::SphericalTensor2D(Istream& is)
 :
     VectorSpace<SphericalTensor2D<Cmpt>, Cmpt, 1>(is)
 {}
@@ -68,19 +59,24 @@ inline SphericalTensor2D<Cmpt>::SphericalTensor2D(Istream& is)
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Member Functions  * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline const Cmpt&  SphericalTensor2D<Cmpt>::ii() const
+inline const Cmpt& Foam::SphericalTensor2D<Cmpt>::ii() const
 {
     return this->v_[II];
 }
 
 
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline Cmpt& SphericalTensor2D<Cmpt>::ii()
+inline Cmpt& Foam::SphericalTensor2D<Cmpt>::ii()
 {
     return this->v_[II];
 }
 
 
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Global Operators  * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
 //- Inner-product between two spherical tensors
diff --git a/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/SphericalTensor2D/sphericalTensor2D/sphericalTensor2D.C b/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/SphericalTensor2D/sphericalTensor2D/sphericalTensor2D.C
index c8c597f32c..538e9d437f 100644
--- a/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/SphericalTensor2D/sphericalTensor2D/sphericalTensor2D.C
+++ b/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/SphericalTensor2D/sphericalTensor2D/sphericalTensor2D.C
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   =========                 |
   \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
    \\    /   O peration     |
-    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011 OpenFOAM Foundation
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011-2016 OpenFOAM Foundation
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
@@ -25,42 +25,64 @@ License
 
 #include "sphericalTensor2D.H"
 
-// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
-
-namespace Foam
-{
-
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Static Data Members * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
 template<>
-const char* const sphericalTensor2D::typeName = "sphericalTensor2D";
+const char* const Foam::sphericalTensor2D::vsType::typeName
+(
+    "sphericalTensor2D"
+);
 
 template<>
-const char* sphericalTensor2D::componentNames[] = {"ii"};
+const char* const Foam::sphericalTensor2D::vsType::componentNames[] =
+{
+    "ii"
+};
 
 template<>
-const sphericalTensor2D sphericalTensor2D::zero(0);
+const Foam::sphericalTensor2D Foam::sphericalTensor2D::vsType::vsType::zero
+(
+    sphericalTensor2D::uniform(0)
+);
 
 template<>
-const sphericalTensor2D sphericalTensor2D::one(1);
+const Foam::sphericalTensor2D Foam::sphericalTensor2D::vsType::one
+(
+    sphericalTensor2D::uniform(1)
+);
 
 template<>
-const sphericalTensor2D sphericalTensor2D::max(VGREAT);
+const Foam::sphericalTensor2D Foam::sphericalTensor2D::vsType::max
+(
+    sphericalTensor2D::uniform(VGREAT)
+);
 
 template<>
-const sphericalTensor2D sphericalTensor2D::min(-VGREAT);
+const Foam::sphericalTensor2D Foam::sphericalTensor2D::vsType::min
+(
+    sphericalTensor2D::uniform(-VGREAT)
+);
 
 template<>
-const sphericalTensor2D sphericalTensor2D::I(1);
+const Foam::sphericalTensor2D Foam::sphericalTensor2D::vsType::rootMax
+(
+    sphericalTensor2D::uniform(ROOTVGREAT)
+);
 
 template<>
-const sphericalTensor2D sphericalTensor2D::oneThirdI(1.0/3.0);
+const Foam::sphericalTensor2D Foam::sphericalTensor2D::vsType::rootMin
+(
+    sphericalTensor2D::uniform(-ROOTVGREAT)
+);
 
 template<>
-const sphericalTensor2D sphericalTensor2D::twoThirdsI(2.0/3.0);
+const Foam::sphericalTensor2D Foam::sphericalTensor2D::I(1);
 
-// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+template<>
+const Foam::sphericalTensor2D Foam::sphericalTensor2D::oneThirdI(1.0/3.0);
+
+template<>
+const Foam::sphericalTensor2D Foam::sphericalTensor2D::twoThirdsI(2.0/3.0);
 
-} // End namespace Foam
 
 // ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/SymmTensor/SymmTensor.H b/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/SymmTensor/SymmTensor.H
index afa1dbb622..952536ac8c 100644
--- a/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/SymmTensor/SymmTensor.H
+++ b/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/SymmTensor/SymmTensor.H
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   =========                 |
   \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
    \\    /   O peration     |
-    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011-2013 OpenFOAM Foundation
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011-2016 OpenFOAM Foundation
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
@@ -72,13 +72,6 @@ public:
 
     // Static data members
 
-        static const char* const typeName;
-        static const char* componentNames[];
-
-        static const SymmTensor zero;
-        static const SymmTensor one;
-        static const SymmTensor max;
-        static const SymmTensor min;
         static const SymmTensor I;
 
 
diff --git a/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/SymmTensor/SymmTensorI.H b/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/SymmTensor/SymmTensorI.H
index b0e64c9009..6caa6aec26 100644
--- a/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/SymmTensor/SymmTensorI.H
+++ b/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/SymmTensor/SymmTensorI.H
@@ -26,21 +26,16 @@ License
 #include "Vector.H"
 #include "Tensor.H"
 
-// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
-
-namespace Foam
-{
-
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Constructors  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline SymmTensor<Cmpt>::SymmTensor()
+inline Foam::SymmTensor<Cmpt>::SymmTensor()
 {}
 
 
 template<class Cmpt>
 template<class Cmpt2>
-inline SymmTensor<Cmpt>::SymmTensor
+inline Foam::SymmTensor<Cmpt>::SymmTensor
 (
     const VectorSpace<SymmTensor<Cmpt2>, Cmpt2, 6>& vs
 )
@@ -50,7 +45,7 @@ inline SymmTensor<Cmpt>::SymmTensor
 
 
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline SymmTensor<Cmpt>::SymmTensor(const SphericalTensor<Cmpt>& st)
+inline Foam::SymmTensor<Cmpt>::SymmTensor(const SphericalTensor<Cmpt>& st)
 {
     this->v_[XX] = st.ii(); this->v_[XY] = 0;       this->v_[XZ] = 0;
                             this->v_[YY] = st.ii(); this->v_[YZ] = 0;
@@ -59,7 +54,7 @@ inline SymmTensor<Cmpt>::SymmTensor(const SphericalTensor<Cmpt>& st)
 
 
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline SymmTensor<Cmpt>::SymmTensor
+inline Foam::SymmTensor<Cmpt>::SymmTensor
 (
     const Cmpt txx, const Cmpt txy, const Cmpt txz,
                     const Cmpt tyy, const Cmpt tyz,
@@ -73,7 +68,7 @@ inline SymmTensor<Cmpt>::SymmTensor
 
 
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline SymmTensor<Cmpt>::SymmTensor(Istream& is)
+inline Foam::SymmTensor<Cmpt>::SymmTensor(Istream& is)
 :
     VectorSpace<SymmTensor<Cmpt>, Cmpt, 6>(is)
 {}
@@ -82,81 +77,81 @@ inline SymmTensor<Cmpt>::SymmTensor(Istream& is)
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Member Functions  * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline const Cmpt&  SymmTensor<Cmpt>::xx() const
+inline const Cmpt& Foam::SymmTensor<Cmpt>::xx() const
 {
     return this->v_[XX];
 }
 
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline const Cmpt&  SymmTensor<Cmpt>::xy() const
+inline const Cmpt& Foam::SymmTensor<Cmpt>::xy() const
 {
     return this->v_[XY];
 }
 
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline const Cmpt&  SymmTensor<Cmpt>::xz() const
+inline const Cmpt& Foam::SymmTensor<Cmpt>::xz() const
 {
     return this->v_[XZ];
 }
 
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline const Cmpt&  SymmTensor<Cmpt>::yy() const
+inline const Cmpt& Foam::SymmTensor<Cmpt>::yy() const
 {
     return this->v_[YY];
 }
 
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline const Cmpt&  SymmTensor<Cmpt>::yz() const
+inline const Cmpt& Foam::SymmTensor<Cmpt>::yz() const
 {
     return this->v_[YZ];
 }
 
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline const Cmpt&  SymmTensor<Cmpt>::zz() const
+inline const Cmpt& Foam::SymmTensor<Cmpt>::zz() const
 {
     return this->v_[ZZ];
 }
 
 
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline Cmpt& SymmTensor<Cmpt>::xx()
+inline Cmpt& Foam::SymmTensor<Cmpt>::xx()
 {
     return this->v_[XX];
 }
 
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline Cmpt& SymmTensor<Cmpt>::xy()
+inline Cmpt& Foam::SymmTensor<Cmpt>::xy()
 {
     return this->v_[XY];
 }
 
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline Cmpt& SymmTensor<Cmpt>::xz()
+inline Cmpt& Foam::SymmTensor<Cmpt>::xz()
 {
     return this->v_[XZ];
 }
 
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline Cmpt& SymmTensor<Cmpt>::yy()
+inline Cmpt& Foam::SymmTensor<Cmpt>::yy()
 {
     return this->v_[YY];
 }
 
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline Cmpt& SymmTensor<Cmpt>::yz()
+inline Cmpt& Foam::SymmTensor<Cmpt>::yz()
 {
     return this->v_[YZ];
 }
 
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline Cmpt& SymmTensor<Cmpt>::zz()
+inline Cmpt& Foam::SymmTensor<Cmpt>::zz()
 {
     return this->v_[ZZ];
 }
 
 
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline const SymmTensor<Cmpt>& SymmTensor<Cmpt>::T() const
+inline const Foam::SymmTensor<Cmpt>& Foam::SymmTensor<Cmpt>::T() const
 {
     return *this;
 }
@@ -165,7 +160,7 @@ inline const SymmTensor<Cmpt>& SymmTensor<Cmpt>::T() const
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Member Functions  * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline void SymmTensor<Cmpt>::operator=(const SphericalTensor<Cmpt>& st)
+inline void Foam::SymmTensor<Cmpt>::operator=(const SphericalTensor<Cmpt>& st)
 {
     this->v_[XX] = st.ii(); this->v_[XY] = 0;       this->v_[XZ] = 0;
                             this->v_[YY] = st.ii(); this->v_[YZ] = 0;
@@ -173,6 +168,10 @@ inline void SymmTensor<Cmpt>::operator=(const SphericalTensor<Cmpt>& st)
 }
 
 
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
 
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Global Operators  * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
diff --git a/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/SymmTensor/labelSymmTensor/labelSymmTensor.C b/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/SymmTensor/labelSymmTensor/labelSymmTensor.C
index 0e5deb2705..ea20917f26 100644
--- a/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/SymmTensor/labelSymmTensor/labelSymmTensor.C
+++ b/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/SymmTensor/labelSymmTensor/labelSymmTensor.C
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   =========                 |
   \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
    \\    /   O peration     |
-    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011 OpenFOAM Foundation
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011-2016 OpenFOAM Foundation
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
@@ -25,18 +25,13 @@ License
 
 #include "labelSymmTensor.H"
 
-// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
-
-namespace Foam
-{
-
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Static Data Members * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
 template<>
-const char* const labelSymmTensor::typeName = "labelSymmTensor";
+const char* const Foam::labelSymmTensor::vsType::typeName = "labelSymmTensor";
 
 template<>
-const char* labelSymmTensor::componentNames[] =
+const char* const Foam::labelSymmTensor::vsType::componentNames[] =
 {
     "xx", "xy", "xz",
           "yy", "yz",
@@ -44,24 +39,48 @@ const char* labelSymmTensor::componentNames[] =
 };
 
 template<>
-const labelSymmTensor labelSymmTensor::zero
+const Foam::labelSymmTensor Foam::labelSymmTensor::vsType::vsType::zero
 (
-    0, 0, 0,
-       0, 0,
-          0
+    labelSymmTensor::uniform(0)
 );
 
 template<>
-const labelSymmTensor labelSymmTensor::one
+const Foam::labelSymmTensor Foam::labelSymmTensor::vsType::one
 (
-    1, 1, 1,
-       1, 1,
+    labelSymmTensor::uniform(1)
+);
+
+template<>
+const Foam::labelSymmTensor Foam::labelSymmTensor::vsType::max
+(
+    labelSymmTensor::uniform(labelMax)
+);
+
+template<>
+const Foam::labelSymmTensor Foam::labelSymmTensor::vsType::min
+(
+    labelSymmTensor::uniform(-labelMax)
+);
+
+template<>
+const Foam::labelSymmTensor Foam::labelSymmTensor::vsType::rootMax
+(
+    labelSymmTensor::uniform(sqrt(scalar(labelMax)))
+);
+
+template<>
+const Foam::labelSymmTensor Foam::labelSymmTensor::vsType::rootMin
+(
+    labelSymmTensor::uniform(-sqrt(scalar(labelMax)))
+);
+
+template<>
+const Foam::labelSymmTensor Foam::labelSymmTensor::I
+(
+    1, 0, 0,
+       1, 0,
           1
 );
 
 
-// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
-
-} // End namespace Foam
-
 // ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/SymmTensor/symmTensor/symmTensor.C b/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/SymmTensor/symmTensor/symmTensor.C
index 22f2b9eb8d..cc5b6975e0 100644
--- a/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/SymmTensor/symmTensor/symmTensor.C
+++ b/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/SymmTensor/symmTensor/symmTensor.C
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   =========                 |
   \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
    \\    /   O peration     |
-    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011-2012 OpenFOAM Foundation
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011-2016 OpenFOAM Foundation
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
@@ -25,18 +25,13 @@ License
 
 #include "symmTensor.H"
 
-// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
-
-namespace Foam
-{
-
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Static Data Members * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
 template<>
-const char* const symmTensor::typeName = "symmTensor";
+const char* const Foam::symmTensor::vsType::typeName = "symmTensor";
 
 template<>
-const char* symmTensor::componentNames[] =
+const char* const Foam::symmTensor::vsType::componentNames[] =
 {
     "xx", "xy", "xz",
           "yy", "yz",
@@ -44,39 +39,43 @@ const char* symmTensor::componentNames[] =
 };
 
 template<>
-const symmTensor symmTensor::zero
+const Foam::symmTensor Foam::symmTensor::vsType::vsType::zero
 (
-    0, 0, 0,
-       0, 0,
-          0
+    symmTensor::uniform(0)
 );
 
 template<>
-const symmTensor symmTensor::one
+const Foam::symmTensor Foam::symmTensor::vsType::one
 (
-    1, 1, 1,
-       1, 1,
-          1
+    symmTensor::uniform(1)
 );
 
 template<>
-const symmTensor symmTensor::max
+const Foam::symmTensor Foam::symmTensor::vsType::max
 (
-    VGREAT, VGREAT, VGREAT,
-            VGREAT, VGREAT,
-                    VGREAT
+    symmTensor::uniform(VGREAT)
 );
 
 template<>
-const symmTensor symmTensor::min
+const Foam::symmTensor Foam::symmTensor::vsType::min
 (
-    -VGREAT, -VGREAT, -VGREAT,
-             -VGREAT, -VGREAT,
-                      -VGREAT
+    symmTensor::uniform(-VGREAT)
 );
 
 template<>
-const symmTensor symmTensor::I
+const Foam::symmTensor Foam::symmTensor::vsType::rootMax
+(
+    symmTensor::uniform(ROOTVGREAT)
+);
+
+template<>
+const Foam::symmTensor Foam::symmTensor::vsType::rootMin
+(
+    symmTensor::uniform(-ROOTVGREAT)
+);
+
+template<>
+const Foam::symmTensor Foam::symmTensor::I
 (
     1, 0, 0,
        1, 0,
@@ -84,8 +83,4 @@ const symmTensor symmTensor::I
 );
 
 
-// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
-
-} // End namespace Foam
-
 // ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/SymmTensor2D/SymmTensor2D.H b/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/SymmTensor2D/SymmTensor2D.H
index 550e9bfec0..1d747caa2d 100644
--- a/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/SymmTensor2D/SymmTensor2D.H
+++ b/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/SymmTensor2D/SymmTensor2D.H
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   =========                 |
   \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
    \\    /   O peration     |
-    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011-2013 OpenFOAM Foundation
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011-2016 OpenFOAM Foundation
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
@@ -72,13 +72,6 @@ public:
 
     // Static data members
 
-        static const char* const typeName;
-        static const char* componentNames[];
-
-        static const SymmTensor2D zero;
-        static const SymmTensor2D one;
-        static const SymmTensor2D max;
-        static const SymmTensor2D min;
         static const SymmTensor2D I;
 
 
diff --git a/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/SymmTensor2D/SymmTensor2DI.H b/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/SymmTensor2D/SymmTensor2DI.H
index 2212a6f13d..674a6a6975 100644
--- a/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/SymmTensor2D/SymmTensor2DI.H
+++ b/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/SymmTensor2D/SymmTensor2DI.H
@@ -26,20 +26,15 @@ License
 #include "Vector2D.H"
 #include "Tensor2D.H"
 
-// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
-
-namespace Foam
-{
-
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Constructors  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline SymmTensor2D<Cmpt>::SymmTensor2D()
+inline Foam::SymmTensor2D<Cmpt>::SymmTensor2D()
 {}
 
 
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline SymmTensor2D<Cmpt>::SymmTensor2D
+inline Foam::SymmTensor2D<Cmpt>::SymmTensor2D
 (
     const VectorSpace<SymmTensor2D<Cmpt>, Cmpt, 3>& vs
 )
@@ -49,7 +44,7 @@ inline SymmTensor2D<Cmpt>::SymmTensor2D
 
 
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline SymmTensor2D<Cmpt>::SymmTensor2D(const SphericalTensor2D<Cmpt>& st)
+inline Foam::SymmTensor2D<Cmpt>::SymmTensor2D(const SphericalTensor2D<Cmpt>& st)
 {
     this->v_[XX] = st.ii(); this->v_[XY] = 0;
                             this->v_[YY] = st.ii();
@@ -57,7 +52,7 @@ inline SymmTensor2D<Cmpt>::SymmTensor2D(const SphericalTensor2D<Cmpt>& st)
 
 
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline SymmTensor2D<Cmpt>::SymmTensor2D
+inline Foam::SymmTensor2D<Cmpt>::SymmTensor2D
 (
     const Cmpt txx, const Cmpt txy,
                     const Cmpt tyy
@@ -69,7 +64,7 @@ inline SymmTensor2D<Cmpt>::SymmTensor2D
 
 
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline SymmTensor2D<Cmpt>::SymmTensor2D(Istream& is)
+inline Foam::SymmTensor2D<Cmpt>::SymmTensor2D(Istream& is)
 :
     VectorSpace<SymmTensor2D<Cmpt>, Cmpt, 3>(is)
 {}
@@ -78,45 +73,45 @@ inline SymmTensor2D<Cmpt>::SymmTensor2D(Istream& is)
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Member Functions  * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline const Cmpt& SymmTensor2D<Cmpt>::xx() const
+inline const Cmpt& Foam::SymmTensor2D<Cmpt>::xx() const
 {
     return this->v_[XX];
 }
 
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline const Cmpt& SymmTensor2D<Cmpt>::xy() const
+inline const Cmpt& Foam::SymmTensor2D<Cmpt>::xy() const
 {
     return this->v_[XY];
 }
 
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline const Cmpt& SymmTensor2D<Cmpt>::yy() const
+inline const Cmpt& Foam::SymmTensor2D<Cmpt>::yy() const
 {
     return this->v_[YY];
 }
 
 
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline Cmpt& SymmTensor2D<Cmpt>::xx()
+inline Cmpt& Foam::SymmTensor2D<Cmpt>::xx()
 {
     return this->v_[XX];
 }
 
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline Cmpt& SymmTensor2D<Cmpt>::xy()
+inline Cmpt& Foam::SymmTensor2D<Cmpt>::xy()
 {
     return this->v_[XY];
 }
 
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline Cmpt& SymmTensor2D<Cmpt>::yy()
+inline Cmpt& Foam::SymmTensor2D<Cmpt>::yy()
 {
     return this->v_[YY];
 }
 
 
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline const SymmTensor2D<Cmpt>& SymmTensor2D<Cmpt>::T() const
+inline const Foam::SymmTensor2D<Cmpt>& Foam::SymmTensor2D<Cmpt>::T() const
 {
     return *this;
 }
@@ -125,13 +120,21 @@ inline const SymmTensor2D<Cmpt>& SymmTensor2D<Cmpt>::T() const
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Member Functions  * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline void SymmTensor2D<Cmpt>::operator=(const SphericalTensor2D<Cmpt>& st)
+inline void Foam::SymmTensor2D<Cmpt>::operator=
+(
+    const SphericalTensor2D<Cmpt>& st
+)
 {
     this->v_[XX] = st.ii(); this->v_[XY] = 0;
                             this->v_[YY] = st.ii();
 }
 
 
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Global Operators  * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
 //- Inner-product between two symmetric tensors
diff --git a/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/SymmTensor2D/symmTensor2D/symmTensor2D.C b/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/SymmTensor2D/symmTensor2D/symmTensor2D.C
index 32f6d9ca6a..f2d870261b 100644
--- a/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/SymmTensor2D/symmTensor2D/symmTensor2D.C
+++ b/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/SymmTensor2D/symmTensor2D/symmTensor2D.C
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   =========                 |
   \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
    \\    /   O peration     |
-    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011-2013 OpenFOAM Foundation
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011-2016 OpenFOAM Foundation
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
@@ -25,61 +25,60 @@ License
 
 #include "symmTensor2D.H"
 
-// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
-
-namespace Foam
-{
-
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Static Data Members * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
 template<>
-const char* const symmTensor2D::typeName = "symmTensor2D";
+const char* const Foam::symmTensor2D::vsType::typeName = "symmTensor2D";
 
 template<>
-const char* symmTensor2D::componentNames[] =
+const char* const Foam::symmTensor2D::vsType::componentNames[] =
 {
     "xx", "xy",
           "yy"
 };
 
 template<>
-const symmTensor2D symmTensor2D::zero
+const Foam::symmTensor2D Foam::symmTensor2D::vsType::vsType::zero
 (
-    0, 0,
-       0
+    symmTensor2D::uniform(0)
 );
 
 template<>
-const symmTensor2D symmTensor2D::one
+const Foam::symmTensor2D Foam::symmTensor2D::vsType::one
 (
-    1, 1,
-       1
+    symmTensor2D::uniform(1)
 );
 
 template<>
-const symmTensor2D symmTensor2D::max
+const Foam::symmTensor2D Foam::symmTensor2D::vsType::max
 (
-    VGREAT, VGREAT,
-            VGREAT
+    symmTensor2D::uniform(VGREAT)
 );
 
 template<>
-const symmTensor2D symmTensor2D::min
+const Foam::symmTensor2D Foam::symmTensor2D::vsType::min
 (
-    -VGREAT, -VGREAT,
-             -VGREAT
+    symmTensor2D::uniform(-VGREAT)
 );
 
 template<>
-const symmTensor2D symmTensor2D::I
+const Foam::symmTensor2D Foam::symmTensor2D::vsType::rootMax
+(
+    symmTensor2D::uniform(ROOTVGREAT)
+);
+
+template<>
+const Foam::symmTensor2D Foam::symmTensor2D::vsType::rootMin
+(
+    symmTensor2D::uniform(-ROOTVGREAT)
+);
+
+template<>
+const Foam::symmTensor2D Foam::symmTensor2D::I
 (
     1, 0,
        1
 );
 
 
-// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
-
-} // End namespace Foam
-
 // ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/Tensor/Tensor.H b/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/Tensor/Tensor.H
index 0d0ba7e04d..9cd83fd09b 100644
--- a/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/Tensor/Tensor.H
+++ b/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/Tensor/Tensor.H
@@ -75,13 +75,6 @@ public:
 
     // Static data members
 
-        static const char* const typeName;
-        static const char* componentNames[];
-
-        static const Tensor zero;
-        static const Tensor one;
-        static const Tensor max;
-        static const Tensor min;
         static const Tensor I;
 
 
diff --git a/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/Tensor/TensorI.H b/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/Tensor/TensorI.H
index 85b33a4952..35bfdef0c4 100644
--- a/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/Tensor/TensorI.H
+++ b/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/Tensor/TensorI.H
@@ -25,28 +25,26 @@ License
 
 #include "SymmTensor.H"
 
-// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
-
-namespace Foam
-{
-
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Constructors  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline Tensor<Cmpt>::Tensor()
+inline Foam::Tensor<Cmpt>::Tensor()
 {}
 
 
 template<class Cmpt>
 template<class Cmpt2>
-inline Tensor<Cmpt>::Tensor(const VectorSpace<Tensor<Cmpt2>, Cmpt2, 9>& vs)
+inline Foam::Tensor<Cmpt>::Tensor
+(
+    const VectorSpace<Tensor<Cmpt2>, Cmpt2, 9>& vs
+)
 :
     VectorSpace<Tensor<Cmpt>, Cmpt, 9>(vs)
 {}
 
 
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline Tensor<Cmpt>::Tensor(const SphericalTensor<Cmpt>& st)
+inline Foam::Tensor<Cmpt>::Tensor(const SphericalTensor<Cmpt>& st)
 {
     this->v_[XX] = st.ii(); this->v_[XY] = 0; this->v_[XZ] = 0;
     this->v_[YX] = 0; this->v_[YY] = st.ii(); this->v_[YZ] = 0;
@@ -55,7 +53,7 @@ inline Tensor<Cmpt>::Tensor(const SphericalTensor<Cmpt>& st)
 
 
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline Tensor<Cmpt>::Tensor(const SymmTensor<Cmpt>& st)
+inline Foam::Tensor<Cmpt>::Tensor(const SymmTensor<Cmpt>& st)
 {
     this->v_[XX] = st.xx(); this->v_[XY] = st.xy(); this->v_[XZ] = st.xz();
     this->v_[YX] = st.xy(); this->v_[YY] = st.yy(); this->v_[YZ] = st.yz();
@@ -64,7 +62,7 @@ inline Tensor<Cmpt>::Tensor(const SymmTensor<Cmpt>& st)
 
 
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline Tensor<Cmpt>::Tensor(const Vector<Vector<Cmpt>>& tr)
+inline Foam::Tensor<Cmpt>::Tensor(const Vector<Vector<Cmpt>>& tr)
 {
     this->v_[XX] = tr.x().x();
     this->v_[XY] = tr.x().y();
@@ -81,7 +79,7 @@ inline Tensor<Cmpt>::Tensor(const Vector<Vector<Cmpt>>& tr)
 
 
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline Tensor<Cmpt>::Tensor
+inline Foam::Tensor<Cmpt>::Tensor
 (
     const Vector<Cmpt>& x,
     const Vector<Cmpt>& y,
@@ -95,7 +93,7 @@ inline Tensor<Cmpt>::Tensor
 
 
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline Tensor<Cmpt>::Tensor
+inline Foam::Tensor<Cmpt>::Tensor
 (
     const Cmpt txx, const Cmpt txy, const Cmpt txz,
     const Cmpt tyx, const Cmpt tyy, const Cmpt tyz,
@@ -109,7 +107,7 @@ inline Tensor<Cmpt>::Tensor
 
 
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline Tensor<Cmpt>::Tensor(Istream& is)
+inline Foam::Tensor<Cmpt>::Tensor(Istream& is)
 :
     VectorSpace<Tensor<Cmpt>, Cmpt, 9>(is)
 {}
@@ -118,28 +116,31 @@ inline Tensor<Cmpt>::Tensor(Istream& is)
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Member Functions  * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline Vector<Cmpt> Tensor<Cmpt>::x() const
+inline Foam::Vector<Cmpt> Foam::Tensor<Cmpt>::x() const
 {
     return Vector<Cmpt>(this->v_[XX], this->v_[XY], this->v_[XZ]);
 }
 
 
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline Vector<Cmpt> Tensor<Cmpt>::y() const
+inline Foam::Vector<Cmpt> Foam::Tensor<Cmpt>::y() const
 {
     return Vector<Cmpt>(this->v_[YX], this->v_[YY], this->v_[YZ]);
 }
 
 
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline Vector<Cmpt>  Tensor<Cmpt>::z() const
+inline Foam::Vector<Cmpt> Foam::Tensor<Cmpt>::z() const
 {
     return Vector<Cmpt>(this->v_[ZX], this->v_[ZY], this->v_[ZZ]);
 }
 
 
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline Vector<Cmpt>  Tensor<Cmpt>::vectorComponent(const direction cmpt) const
+inline Foam::Vector<Cmpt> Foam::Tensor<Cmpt>::vectorComponent
+(
+    const direction cmpt
+) const
 {
     switch (cmpt)
     {
@@ -157,133 +158,133 @@ inline Vector<Cmpt>  Tensor<Cmpt>::vectorComponent(const direction cmpt) const
 
 
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline const Cmpt&  Tensor<Cmpt>::xx() const
+inline const Cmpt& Foam::Tensor<Cmpt>::xx() const
 {
     return this->v_[XX];
 }
 
 
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline const Cmpt&  Tensor<Cmpt>::xy() const
+inline const Cmpt& Foam::Tensor<Cmpt>::xy() const
 {
     return this->v_[XY];
 }
 
 
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline const Cmpt&  Tensor<Cmpt>::xz() const
+inline const Cmpt& Foam::Tensor<Cmpt>::xz() const
 {
     return this->v_[XZ];
 }
 
 
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline const Cmpt&  Tensor<Cmpt>::yx() const
+inline const Cmpt& Foam::Tensor<Cmpt>::yx() const
 {
     return this->v_[YX];
 }
 
 
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline const Cmpt&  Tensor<Cmpt>::yy() const
+inline const Cmpt& Foam::Tensor<Cmpt>::yy() const
 {
     return this->v_[YY];
 }
 
 
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline const Cmpt&  Tensor<Cmpt>::yz() const
+inline const Cmpt& Foam::Tensor<Cmpt>::yz() const
 {
     return this->v_[YZ];
 }
 
 
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline const Cmpt&  Tensor<Cmpt>::zx() const
+inline const Cmpt& Foam::Tensor<Cmpt>::zx() const
 {
     return this->v_[ZX];
 }
 
 
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline const Cmpt&  Tensor<Cmpt>::zy() const
+inline const Cmpt& Foam::Tensor<Cmpt>::zy() const
 {
     return this->v_[ZY];
 }
 
 
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline const Cmpt&  Tensor<Cmpt>::zz() const
+inline const Cmpt& Foam::Tensor<Cmpt>::zz() const
 {
     return this->v_[ZZ];
 }
 
 
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline Cmpt& Tensor<Cmpt>::xx()
+inline Cmpt& Foam::Tensor<Cmpt>::xx()
 {
     return this->v_[XX];
 }
 
 
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline Cmpt& Tensor<Cmpt>::xy()
+inline Cmpt& Foam::Tensor<Cmpt>::xy()
 {
     return this->v_[XY];
 }
 
 
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline Cmpt& Tensor<Cmpt>::xz()
+inline Cmpt& Foam::Tensor<Cmpt>::xz()
 {
     return this->v_[XZ];
 }
 
 
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline Cmpt& Tensor<Cmpt>::yx()
+inline Cmpt& Foam::Tensor<Cmpt>::yx()
 {
     return this->v_[YX];
 }
 
 
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline Cmpt& Tensor<Cmpt>::yy()
+inline Cmpt& Foam::Tensor<Cmpt>::yy()
 {
     return this->v_[YY];
 }
 
 
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline Cmpt& Tensor<Cmpt>::yz()
+inline Cmpt& Foam::Tensor<Cmpt>::yz()
 {
     return this->v_[YZ];
 }
 
 
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline Cmpt& Tensor<Cmpt>::zx()
+inline Cmpt& Foam::Tensor<Cmpt>::zx()
 {
     return this->v_[ZX];
 }
 
 
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline Cmpt& Tensor<Cmpt>::zy()
+inline Cmpt& Foam::Tensor<Cmpt>::zy()
 {
     return this->v_[ZY];
 }
 
 
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline Cmpt& Tensor<Cmpt>::zz()
+inline Cmpt& Foam::Tensor<Cmpt>::zz()
 {
     return this->v_[ZZ];
 }
 
 
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline Tensor<Cmpt> Tensor<Cmpt>::T() const
+inline Foam::Tensor<Cmpt> Foam::Tensor<Cmpt>::T() const
 {
     return Tensor<Cmpt>
     (
@@ -297,7 +298,7 @@ inline Tensor<Cmpt> Tensor<Cmpt>::T() const
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Member Functions  * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline void Tensor<Cmpt>::operator&=(const Tensor<Cmpt>& t)
+inline void Foam::Tensor<Cmpt>::operator&=(const Tensor<Cmpt>& t)
 {
     *this =
     (
@@ -320,7 +321,7 @@ inline void Tensor<Cmpt>::operator&=(const Tensor<Cmpt>& t)
 
 
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline void Tensor<Cmpt>::operator=(const SphericalTensor<Cmpt>& st)
+inline void Foam::Tensor<Cmpt>::operator=(const SphericalTensor<Cmpt>& st)
 {
     this->v_[XX] = st.ii(); this->v_[XY] = 0; this->v_[XZ] = 0;
     this->v_[YX] = 0; this->v_[YY] = st.ii(); this->v_[YZ] = 0;
@@ -329,7 +330,7 @@ inline void Tensor<Cmpt>::operator=(const SphericalTensor<Cmpt>& st)
 
 
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline void Tensor<Cmpt>::operator=(const SymmTensor<Cmpt>& st)
+inline void Foam::Tensor<Cmpt>::operator=(const SymmTensor<Cmpt>& st)
 {
     this->v_[XX] = st.xx(); this->v_[XY] = st.xy(); this->v_[XZ] = st.xz();
     this->v_[YX] = st.xy(); this->v_[YY] = st.yy(); this->v_[YZ] = st.yz();
@@ -338,7 +339,7 @@ inline void Tensor<Cmpt>::operator=(const SymmTensor<Cmpt>& st)
 
 
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline void Tensor<Cmpt>::operator=(const Vector<Vector<Cmpt>>& tr)
+inline void Foam::Tensor<Cmpt>::operator=(const Vector<Vector<Cmpt>>& tr)
 {
     this->v_[XX] = tr.x().x();
     this->v_[XY] = tr.x().y();
@@ -354,6 +355,11 @@ inline void Tensor<Cmpt>::operator=(const Vector<Vector<Cmpt>>& tr)
 }
 
 
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Global Operators  * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
 template<class Cmpt>
diff --git a/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/Tensor/labelTensor/labelTensor.C b/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/Tensor/labelTensor/labelTensor.C
index 4274e78a3e..4f15ceda59 100644
--- a/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/Tensor/labelTensor/labelTensor.C
+++ b/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/Tensor/labelTensor/labelTensor.C
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   =========                 |
   \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
    \\    /   O peration     |
-    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011 OpenFOAM Foundation
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011-2016 OpenFOAM Foundation
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
@@ -28,35 +28,52 @@ License
 
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Static Data Members * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
-namespace Foam
+template<>
+const char* const Foam::labelTensor::vsType::typeName = "labelTensor";
+
+template<>
+const char* const Foam::labelTensor::vsType::componentNames[] =
 {
-    template<>
-    const char* const Foam::labelTensor::typeName = "labelTensor";
+    "xx", "xy", "xz",
+    "yx", "yy", "yz",
+    "zx", "zy", "zz"
+};
 
-    template<>
-    const char* Foam::labelTensor::componentNames[] =
-    {
-        "xx", "xy", "xz",
-        "yx", "yy", "yz",
-        "zx", "zy", "zz"
-    };
+template<>
+const Foam::labelTensor Foam::labelTensor::vsType::zero
+(
+    labelTensor::uniform(0)
+);
 
-    template<>
-    const Foam::labelTensor Foam::labelTensor::zero
-    (
-        0, 0, 0,
-        0, 0, 0,
-        0, 0, 0
-    );
+template<>
+const Foam::labelTensor Foam::labelTensor::vsType::one
+(
+    labelTensor::uniform(1)
+);
 
-    template<>
-    const Foam::labelTensor Foam::labelTensor::one
-    (
-        1, 1, 1,
-        1, 1, 1,
-        1, 1, 1
-    );
-}
+template<>
+const Foam::labelTensor Foam::labelTensor::vsType::max
+(
+    labelTensor::uniform(labelMax)
+);
+
+template<>
+const Foam::labelTensor Foam::labelTensor::vsType::min
+(
+    labelTensor::uniform(-labelMax)
+);
+
+template<>
+const Foam::labelTensor Foam::labelTensor::vsType::rootMax
+(
+    labelTensor::uniform(sqrt(scalar(labelMax)))
+);
+
+template<>
+const Foam::labelTensor Foam::labelTensor::vsType::rootMin
+(
+    labelTensor::uniform(-sqrt(scalar(labelMax)))
+);
 
 
 // ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/Tensor/tensor/tensor.C b/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/Tensor/tensor/tensor.C
index fd636a2529..cadbef6a9b 100644
--- a/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/Tensor/tensor/tensor.C
+++ b/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/Tensor/tensor/tensor.C
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   =========                 |
   \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
    \\    /   O peration     |
-    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011-2015 OpenFOAM Foundation
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011-2016 OpenFOAM Foundation
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
@@ -30,59 +30,42 @@ using namespace Foam::constant::mathematical;
 
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Static Data Members * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
-namespace Foam
+template<>
+const char* const Foam::tensor::vsType::typeName = "tensor";
+
+template<>
+const char* const Foam::tensor::vsType::componentNames[] =
 {
-    template<>
-    const char* const tensor::typeName = "tensor";
+    "xx", "xy", "xz",
+    "yx", "yy", "yz",
+    "zx", "zy", "zz"
+};
 
-    template<>
-    const char* tensor::componentNames[] =
-    {
-        "xx", "xy", "xz",
-        "yx", "yy", "yz",
-        "zx", "zy", "zz"
-    };
+template<>
+const Foam::tensor Foam::tensor::vsType::zero(tensor::uniform(0));
 
-    template<>
-    const tensor tensor::zero
-    (
-        0, 0, 0,
-        0, 0, 0,
-        0, 0, 0
-    );
+template<>
+const Foam::tensor Foam::tensor::vsType::one(tensor::uniform(1));
 
-    template<>
-    const tensor tensor::one
-    (
-        1, 1, 1,
-        1, 1, 1,
-        1, 1, 1
-    );
+template<>
+const Foam::tensor Foam::tensor::vsType::max(tensor::uniform(VGREAT));
 
-    template<>
-    const tensor tensor::max
-    (
-        VGREAT, VGREAT, VGREAT,
-        VGREAT, VGREAT, VGREAT,
-        VGREAT, VGREAT, VGREAT
-    );
+template<>
+const Foam::tensor Foam::tensor::vsType::min(tensor::uniform(-VGREAT));
 
-    template<>
-    const tensor tensor::min
-    (
-        -VGREAT, -VGREAT, -VGREAT,
-        -VGREAT, -VGREAT, -VGREAT,
-        -VGREAT, -VGREAT, -VGREAT
-    );
+template<>
+const Foam::tensor Foam::tensor::vsType::rootMax(tensor::uniform(ROOTVGREAT));
 
-    template<>
-    const tensor tensor::I
-    (
-        1, 0, 0,
-        0, 1, 0,
-        0, 0, 1
-    );
-}
+template<>
+const Foam::tensor Foam::tensor::vsType::rootMin(tensor::uniform(-ROOTVGREAT));
+
+template<>
+const Foam::tensor Foam::tensor::I
+(
+    1, 0, 0,
+    0, 1, 0,
+    0, 0, 1
+);
 
 
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
diff --git a/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/Tensor2D/Tensor2D.H b/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/Tensor2D/Tensor2D.H
index ac49d74d53..bc1f3906e5 100644
--- a/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/Tensor2D/Tensor2D.H
+++ b/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/Tensor2D/Tensor2D.H
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   =========                 |
   \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
    \\    /   O peration     |
-    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011-2013 OpenFOAM Foundation
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011-2016 OpenFOAM Foundation
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
@@ -61,6 +61,10 @@ class Tensor2D
 
 public:
 
+    //- Equivalent type of labels used for valid component indexing
+    typedef Tensor2D<label> labelType;
+
+
     // Member constants
 
         enum
@@ -71,13 +75,6 @@ public:
 
     // Static data members
 
-        static const char* const typeName;
-        static const char* componentNames[];
-
-        static const Tensor2D zero;
-        static const Tensor2D one;
-        static const Tensor2D max;
-        static const Tensor2D min;
         static const Tensor2D I;
 
 
diff --git a/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/Tensor2D/Tensor2DI.H b/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/Tensor2D/Tensor2DI.H
index 230ebe7005..bc68f00ad3 100644
--- a/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/Tensor2D/Tensor2DI.H
+++ b/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/Tensor2D/Tensor2DI.H
@@ -23,27 +23,25 @@ License
 
 \*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
-// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
-
-namespace Foam
-{
-
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Constructors  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline Tensor2D<Cmpt>::Tensor2D()
+inline Foam::Tensor2D<Cmpt>::Tensor2D()
 {}
 
 
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline Tensor2D<Cmpt>::Tensor2D(const VectorSpace<Tensor2D<Cmpt>, Cmpt, 4>& vs)
+inline Foam::Tensor2D<Cmpt>::Tensor2D
+(
+    const VectorSpace<Tensor2D<Cmpt>, Cmpt, 4>& vs
+)
 :
     VectorSpace<Tensor2D<Cmpt>, Cmpt, 4>(vs)
 {}
 
 
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline Tensor2D<Cmpt>::Tensor2D(const SymmTensor2D<Cmpt>& st)
+inline Foam::Tensor2D<Cmpt>::Tensor2D(const SymmTensor2D<Cmpt>& st)
 {
     this->v_[XX] = st.xx(); this->v_[XY] = st.xy();
     this->v_[YX] = st.xy(); this->v_[YY] = st.yy();
@@ -51,7 +49,7 @@ inline Tensor2D<Cmpt>::Tensor2D(const SymmTensor2D<Cmpt>& st)
 
 
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline Tensor2D<Cmpt>::Tensor2D(const SphericalTensor2D<Cmpt>& st)
+inline Foam::Tensor2D<Cmpt>::Tensor2D(const SphericalTensor2D<Cmpt>& st)
 {
     this->v_[XX] = st.ii(); this->v_[XY] = 0;
     this->v_[YX] = 0; this->v_[YY] = st.ii();
@@ -59,7 +57,7 @@ inline Tensor2D<Cmpt>::Tensor2D(const SphericalTensor2D<Cmpt>& st)
 
 
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline Tensor2D<Cmpt>::Tensor2D
+inline Foam::Tensor2D<Cmpt>::Tensor2D
 (
     const Vector2D<Cmpt>& x,
     const Vector2D<Cmpt>& y
@@ -71,7 +69,7 @@ inline Tensor2D<Cmpt>::Tensor2D
 
 
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline Tensor2D<Cmpt>::Tensor2D
+inline Foam::Tensor2D<Cmpt>::Tensor2D
 (
     const Cmpt txx, const Cmpt txy,
     const Cmpt tyx, const Cmpt tyy
@@ -83,7 +81,7 @@ inline Tensor2D<Cmpt>::Tensor2D
 
 
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline Tensor2D<Cmpt>::Tensor2D(Istream& is)
+inline Foam::Tensor2D<Cmpt>::Tensor2D(Istream& is)
 :
     VectorSpace<Tensor2D<Cmpt>, Cmpt, 4>(is)
 {}
@@ -92,70 +90,70 @@ inline Tensor2D<Cmpt>::Tensor2D(Istream& is)
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Member Functions  * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline Vector2D<Cmpt> Tensor2D<Cmpt>::x() const
+inline Foam::Vector2D<Cmpt> Foam::Tensor2D<Cmpt>::x() const
 {
     return Vector2D<Cmpt>(this->v_[XX], this->v_[XY]);
 }
 
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline Vector2D<Cmpt> Tensor2D<Cmpt>::y() const
+inline Foam::Vector2D<Cmpt> Foam::Tensor2D<Cmpt>::y() const
 {
     return Vector2D<Cmpt>(this->v_[YX], this->v_[YY]);
 }
 
 
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline const Cmpt& Tensor2D<Cmpt>::xx() const
+inline const Cmpt& Foam::Tensor2D<Cmpt>::xx() const
 {
     return this->v_[XX];
 }
 
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline const Cmpt& Tensor2D<Cmpt>::xy() const
+inline const Cmpt& Foam::Tensor2D<Cmpt>::xy() const
 {
     return this->v_[XY];
 }
 
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline const Cmpt& Tensor2D<Cmpt>::yx() const
+inline const Cmpt& Foam::Tensor2D<Cmpt>::yx() const
 {
     return this->v_[YX];
 }
 
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline const Cmpt& Tensor2D<Cmpt>::yy() const
+inline const Cmpt& Foam::Tensor2D<Cmpt>::yy() const
 {
     return this->v_[YY];
 }
 
 
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline Cmpt& Tensor2D<Cmpt>::xx()
+inline Cmpt& Foam::Tensor2D<Cmpt>::xx()
 {
     return this->v_[XX];
 }
 
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline Cmpt& Tensor2D<Cmpt>::xy()
+inline Cmpt& Foam::Tensor2D<Cmpt>::xy()
 {
     return this->v_[XY];
 }
 
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline Cmpt& Tensor2D<Cmpt>::yx()
+inline Cmpt& Foam::Tensor2D<Cmpt>::yx()
 {
     return this->v_[YX];
 }
 
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline Cmpt& Tensor2D<Cmpt>::yy()
+inline Cmpt& Foam::Tensor2D<Cmpt>::yy()
 {
     return this->v_[YY];
 }
 
 
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline Tensor2D<Cmpt> Tensor2D<Cmpt>::T() const
+inline Foam::Tensor2D<Cmpt> Foam::Tensor2D<Cmpt>::T() const
 {
     return Tensor2D<Cmpt>
     (
@@ -168,7 +166,7 @@ inline Tensor2D<Cmpt> Tensor2D<Cmpt>::T() const
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Member Functions  * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline void Tensor2D<Cmpt>::operator=(const SymmTensor2D<Cmpt>& st)
+inline void Foam::Tensor2D<Cmpt>::operator=(const SymmTensor2D<Cmpt>& st)
 {
     this->v_[XX] = st.xx(); this->v_[XY] = st.xy();
     this->v_[YX] = st.xy(); this->v_[YY] = st.yy();
@@ -176,13 +174,17 @@ inline void Tensor2D<Cmpt>::operator=(const SymmTensor2D<Cmpt>& st)
 
 
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline void Tensor2D<Cmpt>::operator=(const SphericalTensor2D<Cmpt>& st)
+inline void Foam::Tensor2D<Cmpt>::operator=(const SphericalTensor2D<Cmpt>& st)
 {
     this->v_[XX] = st.ii(); this->v_[XY] = 0;
     this->v_[YX] = 0; this->v_[YY] = st.ii();
 }
 
 
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
 
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Global Operators  * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
diff --git a/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/Tensor2D/tensor2D/tensor2D.C b/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/Tensor2D/tensor2D/tensor2D.C
index 96ff1a3194..36f9725255 100644
--- a/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/Tensor2D/tensor2D/tensor2D.C
+++ b/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/Tensor2D/tensor2D/tensor2D.C
@@ -28,41 +28,49 @@ License
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Static Data Members * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
 template<>
-const char* const Foam::tensor2D::typeName = "tensor2D";
+const char* const Foam::tensor2D::vsType::typeName = "tensor2D";
 
 template<>
-const char* Foam::tensor2D::componentNames[] =
+const char* const Foam::tensor2D::vsType::componentNames[] =
 {
     "xx", "xy",
     "yx", "yy"
 };
 
 template<>
-const Foam::tensor2D Foam::tensor2D::zero
+const Foam::tensor2D Foam::tensor2D::vsType::vsType::zero
 (
-    0, 0,
-    0, 0
+    tensor2D::uniform(0)
 );
 
 template<>
-const Foam::tensor2D Foam::tensor2D::one
+const Foam::tensor2D Foam::tensor2D::vsType::one
 (
-    1, 1,
-    1, 1
+    tensor2D::uniform(1)
 );
 
 template<>
-const Foam::tensor2D Foam::tensor2D::max
+const Foam::tensor2D Foam::tensor2D::vsType::max
 (
-    VGREAT, VGREAT,
-    VGREAT, VGREAT
+    tensor2D::uniform(VGREAT)
 );
 
 template<>
-const Foam::tensor2D Foam::tensor2D::min
+const Foam::tensor2D Foam::tensor2D::vsType::min
 (
-    -VGREAT, -VGREAT,
-    -VGREAT, -VGREAT
+    tensor2D::uniform(-VGREAT)
+);
+
+template<>
+const Foam::tensor2D Foam::tensor2D::vsType::rootMax
+(
+    tensor2D::uniform(ROOTVGREAT)
+);
+
+template<>
+const Foam::tensor2D Foam::tensor2D::vsType::rootMin
+(
+    tensor2D::uniform(-ROOTVGREAT)
 );
 
 template<>
diff --git a/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/Vector/Vector.H b/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/Vector/Vector.H
index b79dd8d6f7..e4ba4c1fed 100644
--- a/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/Vector/Vector.H
+++ b/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/Vector/Vector.H
@@ -74,18 +74,6 @@ public:
         };
 
 
-    // Static data members
-
-        static const char* const typeName;
-        static const char* componentNames[];
-        static const Vector zero;
-        static const Vector one;
-        static const Vector max;
-        static const Vector min;
-        static const Vector rootMax;
-        static const Vector rootMin;
-
-
     //- Component labeling enumeration
     enum components { X, Y, Z };
 
@@ -127,7 +115,7 @@ public:
 
     // Member Operators
 
-        inline void operator=(const scalar);
+        inline void operator=(const Foam::zero);
 };
 
 
diff --git a/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/Vector/VectorI.H b/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/Vector/VectorI.H
index 3133057461..4d598dea36 100644
--- a/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/Vector/VectorI.H
+++ b/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/Vector/VectorI.H
@@ -23,28 +23,31 @@ License
 
 \*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
-// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
-
-namespace Foam
-{
-
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Constructors  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline Vector<Cmpt>::Vector()
+inline Foam::Vector<Cmpt>::Vector()
 {}
 
 
 template<class Cmpt>
 template<class Cmpt2>
-inline Vector<Cmpt>::Vector(const VectorSpace<Vector<Cmpt2>, Cmpt2, 3>& vs)
+inline Foam::Vector<Cmpt>::Vector
+(
+    const VectorSpace<Vector<Cmpt2>, Cmpt2, 3>& vs
+)
 :
     VectorSpace<Vector<Cmpt>, Cmpt, 3>(vs)
 {}
 
 
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline Vector<Cmpt>::Vector(const Cmpt& vx, const Cmpt& vy, const Cmpt& vz)
+inline Foam::Vector<Cmpt>::Vector
+(
+    const Cmpt& vx,
+    const Cmpt& vy,
+    const Cmpt& vz
+)
 {
     this->v_[X] = vx;
     this->v_[Y] = vy;
@@ -53,7 +56,7 @@ inline Vector<Cmpt>::Vector(const Cmpt& vx, const Cmpt& vy, const Cmpt& vz)
 
 
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline Vector<Cmpt>::Vector(Istream& is)
+inline Foam::Vector<Cmpt>::Vector(Istream& is)
 :
     VectorSpace<Vector<Cmpt>, Cmpt, 3>(is)
 {}
@@ -62,38 +65,38 @@ inline Vector<Cmpt>::Vector(Istream& is)
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Member Functions  * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline const Cmpt&  Vector<Cmpt>::x() const
+inline const Cmpt& Foam::Vector<Cmpt>::x() const
 {
     return this->v_[X];
 }
 
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline const Cmpt&  Vector<Cmpt>::y() const
+inline const Cmpt& Foam::Vector<Cmpt>::y() const
 {
     return this->v_[Y];
 }
 
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline const Cmpt&  Vector<Cmpt>::z() const
+inline const Cmpt& Foam::Vector<Cmpt>::z() const
 {
     return this->v_[Z];
 }
 
 
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline Cmpt& Vector<Cmpt>::x()
+inline Cmpt& Foam::Vector<Cmpt>::x()
 {
     return this->v_[X];
 }
 
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline Cmpt& Vector<Cmpt>::y()
+inline Cmpt& Foam::Vector<Cmpt>::y()
 {
     return this->v_[Y];
 }
 
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline Cmpt& Vector<Cmpt>::z()
+inline Cmpt& Foam::Vector<Cmpt>::z()
 {
     return this->v_[Z];
 }
@@ -102,7 +105,7 @@ inline Cmpt& Vector<Cmpt>::z()
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Member Functions  * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline const Vector<Cmpt>& Vector<Cmpt>::centre
+inline const Foam::Vector<Cmpt>& Foam::Vector<Cmpt>::centre
 (
     const Foam::List<Vector<Cmpt>>&
 )const
@@ -114,17 +117,19 @@ inline const Vector<Cmpt>& Vector<Cmpt>::centre
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Member Operators  * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline void Vector<Cmpt>::operator=
-(
-    const scalar s
-)
+inline void Foam::Vector<Cmpt>::operator=(const Foam::zero z)
 {
-    VectorSpace<Vector<Cmpt>, Cmpt, 3>::operator=(s);
+    VectorSpace<Vector<Cmpt>, Cmpt, 3>::operator=(z);
 }
 
 
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Global Operators  * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
+namespace Foam
+{
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
 template<class Cmpt>
 inline typename innerProduct<Vector<Cmpt>, Vector<Cmpt>>::type
 operator&(const Vector<Cmpt>& v1, const Vector<Cmpt>& v2)
diff --git a/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/Vector/complexVector/complexVector.C b/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/Vector/complexVector/complexVector.C
index 7e5d04144b..f3241df696 100644
--- a/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/Vector/complexVector/complexVector.C
+++ b/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/Vector/complexVector/complexVector.C
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   =========                 |
   \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
    \\    /   O peration     |
-    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011 OpenFOAM Foundation
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011-2016 OpenFOAM Foundation
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
@@ -28,37 +28,52 @@ Description
 
 #include "complexVector.H"
 
-// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
-
-namespace Foam
-{
-
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Static Data Members * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
 template<>
-const char* const complexVector::typeName = "complexVector";
+const char* const Foam::complexVector::vsType::typeName = "complexVector";
 
 template<>
-const char* complexVector::componentNames[] = {"x", "y", "z"};
+const char* const Foam::complexVector::vsType::componentNames[] =
+{
+    "x", "y", "z"
+};
 
 template<>
-const complexVector complexVector::zero
+const Foam::complexVector Foam::complexVector::vsType::zero
 (
-    complex(0, 0),
-    complex(0, 0),
-    complex(0, 0)
+    complexVector::uniform(complex(0, 0))
 );
 
 template<>
-const complexVector complexVector::one
+const Foam::complexVector Foam::complexVector::vsType::one
 (
-    complex(1, 1),
-    complex(1, 1),
-    complex(1, 1)
+    complexVector::uniform(complex(1, 1))
 );
 
-// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+template<>
+const Foam::complexVector Foam::complexVector::vsType::max
+(
+    complexVector::uniform(complex(VGREAT, VGREAT))
+);
+
+template<>
+const Foam::complexVector Foam::complexVector::vsType::min
+(
+    complexVector::uniform(complex(-VGREAT, -VGREAT))
+);
+
+template<>
+const Foam::complexVector Foam::complexVector::vsType::rootMax
+(
+    complexVector::uniform(complex(ROOTVGREAT, ROOTVGREAT))
+);
+
+template<>
+const Foam::complexVector Foam::complexVector::vsType::rootMin
+(
+    complexVector::uniform(complex(-ROOTVGREAT, -ROOTVGREAT))
+);
 
-} // End namespace Foam
 
 // ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/Vector/floatVector/floatVector.C b/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/Vector/floatVector/floatVector.C
index d88ac70f1f..13ab567ba4 100644
--- a/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/Vector/floatVector/floatVector.C
+++ b/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/Vector/floatVector/floatVector.C
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   =========                 |
   \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
    \\    /   O peration     |
-    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011 OpenFOAM Foundation
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011-2016 OpenFOAM Foundation
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
@@ -28,43 +28,52 @@ Description
 
 #include "floatVector.H"
 
-// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
-
-namespace Foam
-{
-
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Static Data Members * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
 template<>
-const char* const floatVector::typeName = "floatVector";
+const char* const Foam::floatVector::vsType::typeName = "floatVector";
 
 template<>
-const char* floatVector::componentNames[] = {"x", "y", "z"};
+const char* const Foam::floatVector::vsType::componentNames[] =
+{
+    "x", "y", "z"
+};
 
 template<>
-const floatVector floatVector::zero(0, 0, 0);
-
-template<>
-const floatVector floatVector::one(1, 1, 1);
-
-template<>
-const floatVector floatVector::max
+const Foam::floatVector Foam::floatVector::vsType::zero
 (
-    floatScalarVGREAT,
-    floatScalarVGREAT,
-    floatScalarVGREAT
+    floatVector::uniform(0)
 );
 
 template<>
-const floatVector floatVector::min
+const Foam::floatVector Foam::floatVector::vsType::one
 (
-    -floatScalarVGREAT,
-    -floatScalarVGREAT,
-    -floatScalarVGREAT
+    floatVector::uniform(1)
 );
 
-// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+template<>
+const Foam::floatVector Foam::floatVector::vsType::max
+(
+    floatVector::uniform(floatScalarVGREAT)
+);
+
+template<>
+const Foam::floatVector Foam::floatVector::vsType::min
+(
+    floatVector::uniform(-floatScalarVGREAT)
+);
+
+template<>
+const Foam::floatVector Foam::floatVector::vsType::rootMax
+(
+    floatVector::uniform(floatScalarROOTVGREAT)
+);
+
+template<>
+const Foam::floatVector Foam::floatVector::vsType::rootMin
+(
+    floatVector::uniform(-floatScalarROOTVGREAT)
+);
 
-} // End namespace Foam
 
 // ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/Vector/labelVector/labelVector.C b/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/Vector/labelVector/labelVector.C
index 248f6601de..231c3a69ef 100644
--- a/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/Vector/labelVector/labelVector.C
+++ b/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/Vector/labelVector/labelVector.C
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   =========                 |
   \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
    \\    /   O peration     |
-    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011 OpenFOAM Foundation
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011-2016 OpenFOAM Foundation
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
@@ -27,19 +27,50 @@ License
 
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Static Data Members * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
-namespace Foam
+template<>
+const char* const Foam::labelVector::vsType::typeName = "labelVector";
+
+template<>
+const char* const Foam::labelVector::vsType::componentNames[] =
 {
-    template<>
-    const char* const Foam::labelVector::typeName = "labelVector";
+    "x", "y", "z"
+};
 
-    template<>
-    const char* Foam::labelVector::componentNames[] = {"x", "y", "z"};
+template<>
+const Foam::labelVector Foam::labelVector::vsType::zero
+(
+    labelVector::uniform(0)
+);
 
-    template<>
-    const Foam::labelVector Foam::labelVector::zero(0, 0, 0);
+template<>
+const Foam::labelVector Foam::labelVector::vsType::one
+(
+    labelVector::uniform(1)
+);
+
+template<>
+const Foam::labelVector Foam::labelVector::vsType::max
+(
+    labelVector::uniform(labelMax)
+);
+
+template<>
+const Foam::labelVector Foam::labelVector::vsType::min
+(
+    labelVector::uniform(-labelMax)
+);
+
+template<>
+const Foam::labelVector Foam::labelVector::vsType::rootMax
+(
+    labelVector::uniform(sqrt(scalar(labelMax)))
+);
+
+template<>
+const Foam::labelVector Foam::labelVector::vsType::rootMin
+(
+    labelVector::uniform(-sqrt(scalar(labelMax)))
+);
 
-    template<>
-    const Foam::labelVector Foam::labelVector::one(1, 1, 1);
-}
 
 // ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/Vector/vector/vector.C b/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/Vector/vector/vector.C
index 40b6e79c31..646f34c35d 100644
--- a/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/Vector/vector/vector.C
+++ b/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/Vector/vector/vector.C
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   =========                 |
   \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
    \\    /   O peration     |
-    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011-2013 OpenFOAM Foundation
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011-2016 OpenFOAM Foundation
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
@@ -28,39 +28,31 @@ Description
 
 #include "vector.H"
 
-// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
-
-namespace Foam
-{
-
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Static Data Members * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
 template<>
-const char* const vector::typeName = "vector";
+const char* const Foam::vector::vsType::typeName = "vector";
 
 template<>
-const char* vector::componentNames[] = {"x", "y", "z"};
+const char* const Foam::vector::vsType::componentNames[] = {"x", "y", "z"};
 
 template<>
-const vector vector::zero(0, 0, 0);
+const Foam::vector Foam::vector::vsType::vsType::zero(vector::uniform(0));
 
 template<>
-const vector vector::one(1, 1, 1);
+const Foam::vector Foam::vector::vsType::one(vector::uniform(1));
 
 template<>
-const vector vector::max(VGREAT, VGREAT, VGREAT);
+const Foam::vector Foam::vector::vsType::max(vector::uniform(VGREAT));
 
 template<>
-const vector vector::min(-VGREAT, -VGREAT, -VGREAT);
+const Foam::vector Foam::vector::vsType::min(vector::uniform(-VGREAT));
 
 template<>
-const vector vector::rootMax(ROOTVGREAT, ROOTVGREAT, ROOTVGREAT);
+const Foam::vector Foam::vector::vsType::rootMax(vector::uniform(ROOTVGREAT));
 
 template<>
-const vector vector::rootMin(-ROOTVGREAT, -ROOTVGREAT, -ROOTVGREAT);
+const Foam::vector Foam::vector::vsType::rootMin(vector::uniform(-ROOTVGREAT));
 
-// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
-
-} // End namespace Foam
 
 // ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/Vector2D/Vector2D.H b/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/Vector2D/Vector2D.H
index e63fbad951..ca77ed8ce1 100644
--- a/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/Vector2D/Vector2D.H
+++ b/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/Vector2D/Vector2D.H
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   =========                 |
   \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
    \\    /   O peration     |
-    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011-2015 OpenFOAM Foundation
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011-2016 OpenFOAM Foundation
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
@@ -56,6 +56,10 @@ class Vector2D
 
 public:
 
+    //- Equivalent type of labels used for valid component indexing
+    typedef Vector2D<label> labelType;
+
+
     // Member constants
 
         enum
@@ -64,16 +68,6 @@ public:
         };
 
 
-    // Static data members
-
-        static const char* const typeName;
-        static const char* componentNames[];
-        static const Vector2D zero;
-        static const Vector2D one;
-        static const Vector2D max;
-        static const Vector2D min;
-
-
     //- Component labeling enumeration
     enum components { X, Y };
 
diff --git a/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/Vector2D/Vector2DI.H b/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/Vector2D/Vector2DI.H
index b3e5f6c63a..8ccf067c26 100644
--- a/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/Vector2D/Vector2DI.H
+++ b/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/Vector2D/Vector2DI.H
@@ -23,39 +23,33 @@ License
 
 \*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
-// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
-
-namespace Foam
-{
-
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Constructors  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
-// Construct null
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline Vector2D<Cmpt>::Vector2D()
+inline Foam::Vector2D<Cmpt>::Vector2D()
 {}
 
 
-// Construct given VectorSpace
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline Vector2D<Cmpt>::Vector2D(const VectorSpace<Vector2D<Cmpt>, Cmpt, 2>& vs)
+inline Foam::Vector2D<Cmpt>::Vector2D
+(
+    const VectorSpace<Vector2D<Cmpt>, Cmpt, 2>& vs
+)
 :
     VectorSpace<Vector2D<Cmpt>, Cmpt, 2>(vs)
 {}
 
 
-// Construct given three Cmpts
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline Vector2D<Cmpt>::Vector2D(const Cmpt& vx, const Cmpt& vy)
+inline Foam::Vector2D<Cmpt>::Vector2D(const Cmpt& vx, const Cmpt& vy)
 {
     this->v_[X] = vx;
     this->v_[Y] = vy;
 }
 
 
-// Construct from Istream
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline Vector2D<Cmpt>::Vector2D(Istream& is)
+inline Foam::Vector2D<Cmpt>::Vector2D(Istream& is)
 :
     VectorSpace<Vector2D<Cmpt>, Cmpt, 2>(is)
 {}
@@ -64,31 +58,36 @@ inline Vector2D<Cmpt>::Vector2D(Istream& is)
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Member Functions  * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline const Cmpt&  Vector2D<Cmpt>::x() const
+inline const Cmpt& Foam::Vector2D<Cmpt>::x() const
 {
     return this->v_[X];
 }
 
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline const Cmpt&  Vector2D<Cmpt>::y() const
+inline const Cmpt& Foam::Vector2D<Cmpt>::y() const
 {
     return this->v_[Y];
 }
 
 
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline Cmpt& Vector2D<Cmpt>::x()
+inline Cmpt& Foam::Vector2D<Cmpt>::x()
 {
     return this->v_[X];
 }
 
 template<class Cmpt>
-inline Cmpt& Vector2D<Cmpt>::y()
+inline Cmpt& Foam::Vector2D<Cmpt>::y()
 {
     return this->v_[Y];
 }
 
 
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Global Operators  * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
 template<class Cmpt>
diff --git a/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/Vector2D/vector2D/vector2D.C b/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/Vector2D/vector2D/vector2D.C
index e773e19608..4a73dada31 100644
--- a/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/Vector2D/vector2D/vector2D.C
+++ b/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/Vector2D/vector2D/vector2D.C
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   =========                 |
   \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
    \\    /   O peration     |
-    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011 OpenFOAM Foundation
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011-2016 OpenFOAM Foundation
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
@@ -28,33 +28,49 @@ Description
 
 #include "vector2D.H"
 
-// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
-
-namespace Foam
-{
-
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Static Data Members * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
 template<>
-const char* const vector2D::typeName = "vector2D";
+const char* const Foam::vector2D::vsType::typeName = "vector2D";
 
 template<>
-const char* vector2D::componentNames[] = {"x", "y"};
+const char* const Foam::vector2D::vsType::componentNames[] = {"x", "y"};
 
 template<>
-const vector2D vector2D::zero(0, 0);
+const Foam::vector2D Foam::vector2D::vsType::vsType::zero
+(
+    vector2D::uniform(0)
+);
 
 template<>
-const vector2D vector2D::one(1, 1);
+const Foam::vector2D Foam::vector2D::vsType::one
+(
+    vector2D::uniform(1)
+);
 
 template<>
-const vector2D vector2D::max(VGREAT, VGREAT);
+const Foam::vector2D Foam::vector2D::vsType::max
+(
+    vector2D::uniform(VGREAT)
+);
 
 template<>
-const vector2D vector2D::min(-VGREAT, -VGREAT);
+const Foam::vector2D Foam::vector2D::vsType::min
+(
+    vector2D::uniform(-VGREAT)
+);
 
-// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+template<>
+const Foam::vector2D Foam::vector2D::vsType::rootMax
+(
+    vector2D::uniform(ROOTVGREAT)
+);
+
+template<>
+const Foam::vector2D Foam::vector2D::vsType::rootMin
+(
+    vector2D::uniform(-ROOTVGREAT)
+);
 
-} // End namespace Foam
 
 // ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/VectorSpace/VectorSpace.H b/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/VectorSpace/VectorSpace.H
index 05822b0fb8..2d650f43ae 100644
--- a/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/VectorSpace/VectorSpace.H
+++ b/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/VectorSpace/VectorSpace.H
@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@ SourceFiles
 #include "direction.H"
 #include "scalar.H"
 #include "word.H"
+#include "zero.H"
 
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
@@ -77,6 +78,13 @@ class VectorSpace
 
 public:
 
+    //- The components of this vector space
+    Cmpt v_[nCmpt];
+
+
+    //- VectorSpace type
+    typedef VectorSpace<Form, Cmpt, nCmpt> vsType;
+
     //- Component type
     typedef Cmpt cmptType;
 
@@ -92,8 +100,14 @@ public:
 
     // Static data members
 
-        //- The components of this vector space
-        Cmpt v_[nCmpt];
+        static const char* const typeName;
+        static const char* const componentNames[];
+        static const Form zero;
+        static const Form one;
+        static const Form max;
+        static const Form min;
+        static const Form rootMax;
+        static const Form rootMin;
 
 
     // Constructors
@@ -123,6 +137,9 @@ public:
         inline void component(Cmpt&, const direction) const;
         inline void replace(const direction, const Cmpt&);
 
+        //- Return a VectorSpace with all elements = s
+        inline static Form uniform(const Cmpt& s);
+
 
     // Member Operators
 
@@ -133,7 +150,7 @@ public:
         inline void operator+=(const VectorSpace<Form, Cmpt, nCmpt>&);
         inline void operator-=(const VectorSpace<Form, Cmpt, nCmpt>&);
 
-        inline void operator=(const scalar);
+        inline void operator=(const Foam::zero);
         inline void operator*=(const scalar);
         inline void operator/=(const scalar);
 
diff --git a/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/VectorSpace/VectorSpaceI.H b/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/VectorSpace/VectorSpaceI.H
index 846c6e7f56..e1c88e61d8 100644
--- a/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/VectorSpace/VectorSpaceI.H
+++ b/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/VectorSpace/VectorSpaceI.H
@@ -148,6 +148,15 @@ inline void VectorSpace<Form, Cmpt, nCmpt>::replace
 }
 
 
+template<class Form, class Cmpt, int nCmpt>
+inline Form VectorSpace<Form, Cmpt, nCmpt>::uniform(const Cmpt& s)
+{
+    Form v;
+    VectorSpaceOps<nCmpt,0>::eqOpS(v, s, eqOp<Cmpt>());
+    return v;
+}
+
+
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Member Operators  * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
 template<class Form, class Cmpt, int nCmpt>
@@ -219,12 +228,9 @@ inline void VectorSpace<Form, Cmpt, nCmpt>::operator-=
 
 
 template<class Form, class Cmpt, int nCmpt>
-inline void VectorSpace<Form, Cmpt, nCmpt>::operator=
-(
-    const scalar s
-)
+inline void VectorSpace<Form, Cmpt, nCmpt>::operator=(const Foam::zero)
 {
-    VectorSpaceOps<nCmpt,0>::eqOpS(*this, s, eqOp<Cmpt>());
+    VectorSpaceOps<nCmpt,0>::eqOpS(*this, 0, eqOp<Cmpt>());
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/bools/bool/bool.C b/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/bools/bool/bool.C
index 5969cadcea..267a8c1611 100644
--- a/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/bools/bool/bool.C
+++ b/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/bools/bool/bool.C
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   =========                 |
   \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
    \\    /   O peration     |
-    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011-2015 OpenFOAM Foundation
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011-2016 OpenFOAM Foundation
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ const char* const Foam::pTraits<bool>::typeName = "bool";
 const bool Foam::pTraits<bool>::zero = false;
 const bool Foam::pTraits<bool>::one = true;
 
-const char* Foam::pTraits<bool>::componentNames[] = { "" };
+const char* const Foam::pTraits<bool>::componentNames[] = { "" };
 
 Foam::pTraits<bool>::pTraits(const bool& p)
 :
diff --git a/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/bools/bool/bool.H b/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/bools/bool/bool.H
index a7de5ecf46..b1638ec054 100644
--- a/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/bools/bool/bool.H
+++ b/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/bools/bool/bool.H
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   =========                 |
   \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
    \\    /   O peration     |
-    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011 OpenFOAM Foundation
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011-2016 OpenFOAM Foundation
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ public:
     // Static data members
 
         static const char* const typeName;
-        static const char* componentNames[];
+        static const char* const componentNames[];
         static const bool zero;
         static const bool one;
 
diff --git a/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/ints/int32/int32.C b/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/ints/int32/int32.C
index 4883be46d5..4a209fc50b 100644
--- a/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/ints/int32/int32.C
+++ b/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/ints/int32/int32.C
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   =========                 |
   \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
    \\    /   O peration     |
-    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2014-2015 OpenFOAM Foundation
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2014-2016 OpenFOAM Foundation
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ const int32_t Foam::pTraits<int32_t>::max = INT32_MAX;
 const int32_t Foam::pTraits<int32_t>::rootMin = pTraits<int32_t>::min;
 const int32_t Foam::pTraits<int32_t>::rootMax = pTraits<int32_t>::max;
 
-const char* Foam::pTraits<int32_t>::componentNames[] = { "" };
+const char* const Foam::pTraits<int32_t>::componentNames[] = { "" };
 
 Foam::pTraits<int32_t>::pTraits(const int32_t& p)
 :
diff --git a/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/ints/int32/int32.H b/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/ints/int32/int32.H
index 694bfb57f7..0602a8e345 100644
--- a/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/ints/int32/int32.H
+++ b/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/ints/int32/int32.H
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   =========                 |
   \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
    \\    /   O peration     |
-    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2014-2015 OpenFOAM Foundation
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2014-2016 OpenFOAM Foundation
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ public:
     // Static data members
 
         static const char* const typeName;
-        static const char* componentNames[];
+        static const char* const componentNames[];
         static const int32_t zero;
         static const int32_t one;
         static const int32_t min;
diff --git a/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/ints/int64/int64.C b/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/ints/int64/int64.C
index 5b58fad539..f182c9d276 100644
--- a/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/ints/int64/int64.C
+++ b/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/ints/int64/int64.C
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   =========                 |
   \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
    \\    /   O peration     |
-    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2014-2015 OpenFOAM Foundation
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2014-2016 OpenFOAM Foundation
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ const int64_t Foam::pTraits<int64_t>::max = INT64_MAX;
 const int64_t Foam::pTraits<int64_t>::rootMin = pTraits<int64_t>::min;
 const int64_t Foam::pTraits<int64_t>::rootMax = pTraits<int64_t>::max;
 
-const char* Foam::pTraits<int64_t>::componentNames[] = { "" };
+const char* const Foam::pTraits<int64_t>::componentNames[] = { "" };
 
 Foam::pTraits<int64_t>::pTraits(const int64_t& p)
 :
diff --git a/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/ints/int64/int64.H b/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/ints/int64/int64.H
index 38cd105786..6006321a28 100644
--- a/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/ints/int64/int64.H
+++ b/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/ints/int64/int64.H
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   =========                 |
   \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
    \\    /   O peration     |
-    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2014-2015 OpenFOAM Foundation
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2014-2016 OpenFOAM Foundation
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ public:
     // Static data members
 
         static const char* const typeName;
-        static const char* componentNames[];
+        static const char* const componentNames[];
         static const int64_t zero;
         static const int64_t one;
         static const int64_t min;
diff --git a/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/ints/uint32/uint32.C b/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/ints/uint32/uint32.C
index 2ffe5445dc..c195b355a4 100644
--- a/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/ints/uint32/uint32.C
+++ b/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/ints/uint32/uint32.C
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   =========                 |
   \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
    \\    /   O peration     |
-    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2014-2015 OpenFOAM Foundation
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2014-2016 OpenFOAM Foundation
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ const uint32_t Foam::pTraits<uint32_t>::max = INT32_MAX;
 const uint32_t Foam::pTraits<uint32_t>::rootMin = pTraits<uint32_t>::min;
 const uint32_t Foam::pTraits<uint32_t>::rootMax = pTraits<uint32_t>::max;
 
-const char* Foam::pTraits<uint32_t>::componentNames[] = { "" };
+const char* const Foam::pTraits<uint32_t>::componentNames[] = { "" };
 
 Foam::pTraits<uint32_t>::pTraits(const uint32_t& p)
 :
diff --git a/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/ints/uint32/uint32.H b/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/ints/uint32/uint32.H
index 3b0ad01c7a..9c2a3b6833 100644
--- a/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/ints/uint32/uint32.H
+++ b/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/ints/uint32/uint32.H
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   =========                 |
   \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
    \\    /   O peration     |
-    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2014-2015 OpenFOAM Foundation
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2014-2016 OpenFOAM Foundation
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ public:
     // Static data members
 
         static const char* const typeName;
-        static const char* componentNames[];
+        static const char* const componentNames[];
         static const uint32_t zero;
         static const uint32_t one;
         static const uint32_t min;
diff --git a/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/ints/uint64/uint64.C b/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/ints/uint64/uint64.C
index 63fd8b3194..b099c4b4e0 100644
--- a/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/ints/uint64/uint64.C
+++ b/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/ints/uint64/uint64.C
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   =========                 |
   \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
    \\    /   O peration     |
-    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2014-2015 OpenFOAM Foundation
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2014-2016 OpenFOAM Foundation
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ const uint64_t Foam::pTraits<uint64_t>::max = INT64_MAX;
 const uint64_t Foam::pTraits<uint64_t>::rootMin = pTraits<uint64_t>::min;
 const uint64_t Foam::pTraits<uint64_t>::rootMax = pTraits<uint64_t>::max;
 
-const char* Foam::pTraits<uint64_t>::componentNames[] = { "" };
+const char* const Foam::pTraits<uint64_t>::componentNames[] = { "" };
 
 Foam::pTraits<uint64_t>::pTraits(const uint64_t& p)
 :
diff --git a/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/ints/uint64/uint64.H b/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/ints/uint64/uint64.H
index dc19659462..2d2e31f802 100644
--- a/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/ints/uint64/uint64.H
+++ b/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/ints/uint64/uint64.H
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   =========                 |
   \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
    \\    /   O peration     |
-    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2014-2015 OpenFOAM Foundation
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2014-2016 OpenFOAM Foundation
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ public:
     // Static data members
 
         static const char* const typeName;
-        static const char* componentNames[];
+        static const char* const componentNames[];
         static const uint64_t zero;
         static const uint64_t one;
         static const uint64_t min;
diff --git a/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/triad/triad.C b/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/triad/triad.C
index 8bb2f7cd73..f73e82f4d4 100644
--- a/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/triad/triad.C
+++ b/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/triad/triad.C
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   =========                 |
   \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
    \\    /   O peration     |
-    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2012-2014 OpenFOAM Foundation
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2012-2016 OpenFOAM Foundation
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
@@ -29,73 +29,60 @@ License
 
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Static Data Members * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
-namespace Foam
-{
+template<>
+const char* const Foam::triad::vsType::typeName = "triad";
 
 template<>
-const char* const triad::Vector<vector>::typeName = "triad";
+const char* const Foam::triad::vsType::componentNames[] = {"x", "y", "z"};
 
 template<>
-const char* triad::Vector<vector>::componentNames[] = {"x", "y", "z"};
-
-const triad triad::zero
+const Foam::Vector<Foam::vector> Foam::triad::vsType::zero
 (
-    vector(0, 0, 0),
-    vector(0, 0, 0),
-    vector(0, 0, 0)
+    triad::uniform(vector::uniform(0))
 );
 
-const triad triad::one
+template<>
+const Foam::Vector<Foam::vector> Foam::triad::vsType::one
 (
-    vector(1, 1, 1),
-    vector(1, 1, 1),
-    vector(1, 1, 1)
+    triad::uniform(vector::uniform(1))
 );
 
-const triad triad::max
+template<>
+const Foam::Vector<Foam::vector> Foam::triad::vsType::max
 (
-    vector(VGREAT, VGREAT, VGREAT),
-    vector(VGREAT, VGREAT, VGREAT),
-    vector(VGREAT, VGREAT, VGREAT)
+    triad::uniform(vector::uniform(VGREAT))
 );
 
-const triad triad::min
+template<>
+const Foam::Vector<Foam::vector> Foam::triad::vsType::min
 (
-    vector(-VGREAT, -VGREAT, -VGREAT),
-    vector(-VGREAT, -VGREAT, -VGREAT),
-    vector(-VGREAT, -VGREAT, -VGREAT)
+    triad::uniform(vector::uniform(-VGREAT))
 );
 
-const triad triad::rootMax
+template<>
+const Foam::Vector<Foam::vector> Foam::triad::vsType::rootMax
 (
-    vector(ROOTVGREAT, ROOTVGREAT, ROOTVGREAT),
-    vector(ROOTVGREAT, ROOTVGREAT, ROOTVGREAT),
-    vector(ROOTVGREAT, ROOTVGREAT, ROOTVGREAT)
+    triad::uniform(vector::uniform(ROOTVGREAT))
 );
 
-const triad triad::rootMin
+template<>
+const Foam::Vector<Foam::vector> Foam::triad::vsType::rootMin
 (
-    vector(-ROOTVGREAT, -ROOTVGREAT, -ROOTVGREAT),
-    vector(-ROOTVGREAT, -ROOTVGREAT, -ROOTVGREAT),
-    vector(-ROOTVGREAT, -ROOTVGREAT, -ROOTVGREAT)
+    triad::uniform(vector::uniform(-ROOTVGREAT))
 );
 
-const triad triad::I
+const Foam::triad Foam::triad::I
 (
     vector(1, 0, 0),
     vector(0, 1, 0),
     vector(0, 0, 1)
 );
 
-const triad triad::unset
+const Foam::triad Foam::triad::unset
 (
-    vector(VGREAT, VGREAT, VGREAT),
-    vector(VGREAT, VGREAT, VGREAT),
-    vector(VGREAT, VGREAT, VGREAT)
+    triad::uniform(vector::uniform(VGREAT))
 );
 
-}
-
 
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Constructors  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
diff --git a/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/triad/triad.H b/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/triad/triad.H
index 8755b60bc1..abe8ad0d27 100644
--- a/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/triad/triad.H
+++ b/src/OpenFOAM/primitives/triad/triad.H
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   =========                 |
   \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
    \\    /   O peration     |
-    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2012-2015 OpenFOAM Foundation
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2012-2016 OpenFOAM Foundation
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
@@ -96,12 +96,6 @@ public:
 
     // Static data members
 
-        static const triad zero;
-        static const triad one;
-        static const triad max;
-        static const triad min;
-        static const triad rootMax;
-        static const triad rootMin;
         static const triad I;
         static const triad unset;