Boundary conditions: Added extrapolatedCalculatedFvPatchField

To be used instead of zeroGradientFvPatchField for temporary fields for
which zero-gradient extrapolation is use to evaluate the boundary field
but avoiding fields derived from temporary field using field algebra
inheriting the zeroGradient boundary condition by the reuse of the
temporary field storage.

zeroGradientFvPatchField should not be used as the default patch field
for any temporary fields and should be avoided for non-temporary fields
except where it is clearly appropriate;
extrapolatedCalculatedFvPatchField and calculatedFvPatchField are
generally more suitable defaults depending on the manner in which the
boundary values are specified or evaluated.

The entire OpenFOAM-dev code-base has been updated following the above
recommendations.

Henry G. Weller
CFD Direct

applications/utilities/parallelProcessing/redistributePar/redistributePar.C

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   =========                 |
   \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
    \\    /   O peration     |
-    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011-2015 OpenFOAM Foundation
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011-2016 OpenFOAM Foundation
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
@@ -236,20 +236,18 @@ void writeDecomposition
             false                   // do not register
         ),
         mesh,
-        dimensionedScalar(name, dimless, -1),
-        zeroGradientFvPatchScalarField::typeName
+        dimensionedScalar(name, dimless, -1)
     );
 
     forAll(procCells, cI)
     {
         procCells[cI] = decomp[cI];
     }
+
     procCells.write();
 }
 
 
-// Read vol or surface fields
-//template<class T, class Mesh>
 template<class GeoField>
 void readFields
 (
@@ -260,12 +258,12 @@ void readFields
     PtrList<GeoField>& fields
 )
 {
-    //typedef GeometricField<T, fvPatchField, Mesh> fldType;
-
     // Get my objects of type
     IOobjectList objects(allObjects.lookupClass(GeoField::typeName));
+
     // Check that we all have all objects
     wordList objectNames = objects.toc();
+
     // Get master names
     wordList masterNames(objectNames);
     Pstream::scatter(masterNames);