TUT: multi-world tutorial setup with circular connectivity

tutorials/basic/laplacianFoam/multiWorld/mpirun.schema

@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
--np 2 laplacianFoam -case left  -world LEFT  -parallel
--np 2 laplacianFoam -case right -world RIGHT -parallel

tutorials/basic/laplacianFoam/multiWorld/right/constant/transportProperties

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-../../left/constant/transportProperties

tutorials/basic/laplacianFoam/multiWorld1/Allclean

@@ -3,12 +3,14 @@ cd "${0%/*}" || exit                                # Run from this directory
 . ${WM_PROJECT_DIR:?}/bin/tools/CleanFunctions      # Tutorial clean functions
 #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-for subcase in left right
+for subcase in $(./list-worlds)
 do
 (
-    cd "$subcase" && cleanCase0
+    cd "$subcase" || exit
+    cleanCase0
+    rm -f *_mapped.obj 2>/dev/null
 )
 done
-rm -f log.*
+rm -rf log.* 2>/dev/null
 
 #------------------------------------------------------------------------------

tutorials/basic/laplacianFoam/multiWorld1/Allrun

@@ -5,25 +5,19 @@ cd "${0%/*}" || exit                                # Run from this directory
 
 # Run serial
 ./Allrun.pre
-mpirun -app ./mpirun_left_right.schema
+echo "Begin run"
+mpirun -app ./mpirun_worlds.schema
 
 # Run with database
-mv -f log.run_left* log.run_right*
-
-for subcase in left right
-do
-(
-    cd "$subcase" || exit
-    foamListTimes -rm
-    restore0Dir
-    foamDictionary 0/T -entry boundaryField.coupled.sampleDatabase -add true
-)
-done
-
-mpirun -app ./mpirun_left_right.schema
+./Allrun.addDatabase
+mv -f log.run_* 2>/dev/null
+echo "Begin run with database"
+mpirun -app ./mpirun_worlds.schema
 
 ## Run parallel
 ## ./Allrun.pre-parallel
 ## mpirun -app ./mpirun.schema
 
+echo "End"
+
 #------------------------------------------------------------------------------

tutorials/basic/laplacianFoam/multiWorld1/Allrun.addDatabase

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+cd "${0%/*}" || exit                                # Run from this directory
+. ${WM_PROJECT_DIR:?}/bin/tools/RunFunctions        # Tutorial run functions
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# Running with database
+for subcase in $(./list-worlds)
+do
+(
+    cd "$subcase" || exit
+    foamListTimes -rm
+    restore0Dir
+
+    dictFile="0/T"
+
+    for patch in $(foamDictionary "$dictFile" -keywords -entry boundaryField)
+    do
+        patchType="$(foamDictionary "$dictFile" -value -entry boundaryField/"$patch"/type)"
+
+        case "$patchType" in
+        (mapped*)
+            foamDictionary "$dictFile" -entry boundaryField/"$patch"/sampleDatabase -add true >/dev/null
+            echo "Use sampleDatabase: $subcase/$dictFile patch=$patch"
+        ;;
+        esac
+    done
+)
+done
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

tutorials/basic/laplacianFoam/multiWorld1/Allrun.pre

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+cd "${0%/*}" || exit                                # Run from this directory
+. ${WM_PROJECT_DIR:?}/bin/tools/RunFunctions        # Tutorial run functions
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# Create meshes and initial fields
+for subcase in $(./list-worlds)
+do
+(
+    cd "$subcase" || exit
+    echo "case=$subcase"
+    if [ -x ./Allrun.pre ]
+    then
+        ./Allrun.pre
+    else
+        runApplication blockMesh
+    fi
+    restore0Dir
+    echo
+)
+done
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

tutorials/basic/laplacianFoam/multiWorld1/Allrun.pre-parallel

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ cd "${0%/*}" || exit                                # Run from this directory
 #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 # Create meshes and initial fields
-for subcase in left right
+for subcase in $(./list-worlds)
 do
 (
     cd "$subcase" || exit

tutorials/basic/laplacianFoam/multiWorld1/left/0.orig/T

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ boundaryField
         sampleMode      nearestPatchFaceAMI;
 
         // Simulation world to sample
-        sampleWorld     RIGHT;
+        sampleWorld     right;
 
         // Region to sample
         sampleRegion    region0;

tutorials/basic/laplacianFoam/multiWorld1/left/constant/transportProperties

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+../../common/constant/transportProperties

tutorials/basic/laplacianFoam/multiWorld1/list-worlds

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+echo left right
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

tutorials/basic/laplacianFoam/multiWorld1/mpirun.schema

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+-np 2 laplacianFoam -case left  -world left  -parallel
+-np 2 laplacianFoam -case right -world right -parallel

tutorials/basic/laplacianFoam/multiWorld1/right/0.orig/T

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ boundaryField
         sampleMode      nearestPatchFaceAMI;
 
         // Simulation world to sample
-        sampleWorld     LEFT;
+        sampleWorld     left;
 
         // Region to sample
         sampleRegion    region0;

tutorials/basic/laplacianFoam/multiWorld1/right/constant/transportProperties

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+../../common/constant/transportProperties

tutorials/basic/laplacianFoam/multiWorld1/run_world.sh

@@ -15,9 +15,11 @@ then
 fi
 
 worldCase="$(echo "$world" | tr '[:upper:]' '[:lower:]')"
-worldName="$(echo "$world" | tr '[:lower:]' '[:upper:]')"
+# worldName="$(echo "$world" | tr '[:lower:]' '[:upper:]')"
+worldName="$worldCase"
 
-"$application" -case "$worldCase" -world "$worldName" 2>&1 | tee log.run_"$worldCase"
-read dummy
+log="log.run_$worldCase"
+
+"$application" -case "$worldCase" -world "$worldName" > "$log" 2>&1
 
 # ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

tutorials/basic/laplacianFoam/multiWorld2/Allclean

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+cd "${0%/*}" || exit                                # Run from this directory
+. ${WM_PROJECT_DIR:?}/bin/tools/CleanFunctions      # Tutorial clean functions
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+for subcase in $(./list-worlds)
+do
+(
+    cd "$subcase" || exit
+    cleanCase0
+    rm -f *_mapped.obj 2>/dev/null
+)
+done
+rm -rf log.* 2>/dev/null
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

tutorials/basic/laplacianFoam/multiWorld2/Allrun

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+cd "${0%/*}" || exit                                # Run from this directory
+. ${WM_PROJECT_DIR:?}/bin/tools/RunFunctions        # Tutorial run functions
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# Run serial
+./Allrun.pre
+echo "Begin run - interworld communication"
+mpirun -app ./mpirun_full.schema
+
+# Run with database
+if false
+then
+    ./Allrun.addDatabase
+    rm -f log.run* 2>/dev/null
+    echo "Begin run - database data exchange"
+    mpirun -app ./mpirun_full.schema
+fi
+
+echo "Can load with:  paraview --script=load-worlds.py &"
+echo "End"
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

tutorials/basic/laplacianFoam/multiWorld2/Allrun.addDatabase

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+cd "${0%/*}" || exit                                # Run from this directory
+. ${WM_PROJECT_DIR:?}/bin/tools/RunFunctions        # Tutorial run functions
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# Prepare for running with database
+for subcase in $(./list-worlds)
+do
+(
+    cd "$subcase" || exit
+    foamListTimes -rm
+    restore0Dir
+
+    dictFile="0/T"
+
+    for patch in $(foamDictionary "$dictFile" -keywords -entry boundaryField)
+    do
+        patchType="$(foamDictionary "$dictFile" -value -entry boundaryField/"$patch"/type)"
+
+        case "$patchType" in
+        (mapped*)
+            foamDictionary "$dictFile" -entry boundaryField/"$patch"/sampleDatabase -add true >/dev/null
+            echo "Use sampleDatabase: $subcase/$dictFile patch=$patch"
+        ;;
+        esac
+    done
+)
+done
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

tutorials/basic/laplacianFoam/multiWorld2/Allrun.pre

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+cd "${0%/*}" || exit                                # Run from this directory
+. ${WM_PROJECT_DIR:?}/bin/tools/RunFunctions        # Tutorial run functions
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# Create meshes and initial fields
+for subcase in $(./list-worlds)
+do
+(
+    cd "$subcase" || exit
+    echo "case=$subcase"
+    if [ -x ./Allrun.pre ]
+    then
+        ./Allrun.pre
+    else
+        runApplication blockMesh
+    fi
+    restore0Dir
+    touch "$subcase.foam"  # paraview
+    echo
+)
+done
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

tutorials/basic/laplacianFoam/multiWorld2/common/constant/transportProperties

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| =========                 |                                                 |
+| \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox           |
+|  \\    /   O peration     | Version:  v2112                                 |
+|   \\  /    A nd           | Website:  www.openfoam.com                      |
+|    \\/     M anipulation  |                                                 |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+    version     2.0;
+    format      ascii;
+    class       dictionary;
+    location    "constant";
+    object      transportProperties;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+DT              4e-05;
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

tutorials/basic/laplacianFoam/multiWorld2/common/system/controlDict

@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| =========                 |                                                 |
+| \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox           |
+|  \\    /   O peration     | Version:  v2112                                 |
+|   \\  /    A nd           | Website:  www.openfoam.com                      |
+|    \\/     M anipulation  |                                                 |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+    version     2.0;
+    format      ascii;
+    class       dictionary;
+    location    "system";
+    object      controlDict;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+libs        (utilityFunctionObjects);
+
+DebugSwitches
+{
+    multiWorld 1;
+//    mappedPatchBase 1;
+//    syncObjects     2;
+}
+
+
+application     laplacianFoam;
+
+startFrom       startTime;  //latestTime;
+
+startTime       0;
+
+stopAt          endTime;
+
+endTime         50;
+
+deltaT          1;
+
+//writeControl    runTime;
+//writeInterval   0.1;
+writeControl    timeStep;
+writeInterval   1;
+
+purgeWrite      0;
+
+writeFormat     ascii;
+
+writePrecision  6;
+
+writeCompression off;
+
+timeFormat      general;
+
+timePrecision   6;
+
+runTimeModifiable true;
+
+functions
+{
+    syncObjects
+    {
+        type        syncObjects;
+        libs        (utilityFunctionObjects);
+
+        // Where is data located relative to runTime. Given as a filename
+        // with every '/' indicating a sub-objectRegistry w.r.t. runTime.
+        // Local data is under <root>/send/processorXXX. After execution
+        // data will be under the corresponding <root>/receive/processorYYY
+        // objectRegistry
+        //root        "level0/level1/level2";
+    }
+}
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

tutorials/basic/laplacianFoam/multiWorld2/common/system/decomposeParDict

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| =========                 |                                                 |
+| \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox           |
+|  \\    /   O peration     | Version:  v2112                                 |
+|   \\  /    A nd           | Website:  www.openfoam.com                      |
+|    \\/     M anipulation  |                                                 |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+    version     2.0;
+    format      ascii;
+    class       dictionary;
+    note        "mesh decomposition control dictionary";
+    object      decomposeParDict;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+numberOfSubdomains  2;
+
+method          hierarchical;
+
+coeffs
+{
+    n           (2 1 1);
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

tutorials/basic/laplacianFoam/multiWorld2/common/system/fvSchemes

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| =========                 |                                                 |
+| \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox           |
+|  \\    /   O peration     | Version:  v2112                                 |
+|   \\  /    A nd           | Website:  www.openfoam.com                      |
+|    \\/     M anipulation  |                                                 |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+    version     2.0;
+    format      ascii;
+    class       dictionary;
+    location    "system";
+    object      fvSchemes;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+ddtSchemes
+{
+    default         steadyState;    //Euler;
+}
+
+gradSchemes
+{
+    default         Gauss linear;
+    grad(T)         Gauss linear;
+}
+
+divSchemes
+{
+    default         none;
+}
+
+laplacianSchemes
+{
+    default         none;
+    laplacian(DT,T) Gauss linear corrected;
+    laplacian(DTV,T) Gauss linear corrected;
+}
+
+interpolationSchemes
+{
+    default         linear;
+}
+
+snGradSchemes
+{
+    default         corrected;
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

tutorials/basic/laplacianFoam/multiWorld2/common/system/fvSolution

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| =========                 |                                                 |
+| \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox           |
+|  \\    /   O peration     | Version:  v2112                                 |
+|   \\  /    A nd           | Website:  www.openfoam.com                      |
+|    \\/     M anipulation  |                                                 |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+    version     2.0;
+    format      ascii;
+    class       dictionary;
+    location    "system";
+    object      fvSolution;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+solvers
+{
+    T
+    {
+        solver          PCG;
+        preconditioner  DIC;
+        tolerance       1e-06;
+        relTol          0;
+    }
+}
+
+SIMPLE
+{
+    nNonOrthogonalCorrectors 2;
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

tutorials/basic/laplacianFoam/multiWorld2/list-worlds

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+echo top slab1 slab2 slab3 slab4
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

tutorials/basic/laplacianFoam/multiWorld2/load-worlds.py

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+#### import the simple module from the paraview
+from paraview.simple import *
+#### disable automatic camera reset on 'Show'
+paraview.simple._DisableFirstRenderCameraReset()
+
+# get active view
+renderView1 = GetActiveViewOrCreate('RenderView')
+
+useGroup = True
+pieces = []
+
+# Load all pieces
+for worldName in ['top', 'slab1', 'slab2', 'slab3', 'slab4']:
+    # Could also touch world/world.foam into existence
+    loadedDir = './' + worldName + '/' + worldName + '.foam'
+    piece = OpenFOAMReader(registrationName=worldName, FileName=loadedDir)
+    piece.SkipZeroTime = 0
+    piece.Decomposepolyhedra = 0
+    piece.MeshRegions = ['internalMesh']
+    piece.CellArrays = ['T']
+    pieces.append(piece)
+
+# Set display for all pieces
+for piece in pieces:
+    display = Show(piece, renderView1, 'UnstructuredGridRepresentation')
+    display.SetRepresentationType('Surface With Edges')
+    ColorBy(display, ('CELLS', 'T'))
+    # Show color bar/color legend
+    display.SetScalarBarVisibility(renderView1, True)
+
+# ----
+# Group pieces
+if useGroup:
+    # Hide data in view
+    group1 = GroupDatasets(registrationName='GroupDatasets1', Input=pieces)
+
+    # show data in view
+    display = Show(group1, renderView1, 'UnstructuredGridRepresentation')
+
+    display.SetRepresentationType('Surface With Edges')
+    ColorBy(display, ('CELLS', 'T'))
+    # Show color bar/color legend
+    display.SetScalarBarVisibility(renderView1, True)
+
+    for piece in pieces:
+        Hide(piece, renderView1)
+
+# ----
+# get color transfer function/color map for 'T'
+tLUT = GetColorTransferFunction('T')
+
+# Rescale transfer function
+tLUT.RescaleTransferFunction(0.0, 1.2)
+
+# get opacity transfer function/opacity map for 'T'
+tPWF = GetOpacityTransferFunction('T')
+
+# Rescale transfer function
+tPWF.RescaleTransferFunction(0.0, 1.2)
+
+# reset view to fit data
+renderView1.ResetCamera(False)
+
+# update the view to ensure updated data information
+renderView1.Update()
+
+#================================================================

tutorials/basic/laplacianFoam/multiWorld2/mpirun_full.schema

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+-np 1 ./run_world.sh top
+-np 1 ./run_world.sh slab1
+-np 1 ./run_world.sh slab2
+-np 1 ./run_world.sh slab3
+-np 1 ./run_world.sh slab4

tutorials/basic/laplacianFoam/multiWorld2/run_world.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+world="${1:?specify world/case}"
+application="${2:-laplacianFoam}"
+
+if [ -z "$application" ] || ! command -v "$application" > /dev/null
+then
+    echo "No application: $application"
+    exit 2
+fi
+
+worldCase="$(echo "$world" | tr '[:upper:]' '[:lower:]')"
+# worldName="$(echo "$world" | tr '[:lower:]' '[:upper:]')"
+worldName="$worldCase"
+
+log="log.run_$worldCase"
+
+"$application" -case "$worldCase" -world "$worldName" > "$log" 2>&1
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

tutorials/basic/laplacianFoam/multiWorld2/slab1/0.orig/T

@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| =========                 |                                                 |
+| \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox           |
+|  \\    /   O peration     | Version:  v2112                                 |
+|   \\  /    A nd           | Website:  www.openfoam.com                      |
+|    \\/     M anipulation  |                                                 |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+    version     2.0;
+    format      ascii;
+    class       volScalarField;
+    object      T;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+dimensions      [0 0 0 1 0 0 0];
+
+internalField   uniform 0;
+
+_mappedMixedField
+{
+    type            mappedMixedField;
+
+    // What/how to sample:
+    sampleMode      nearestPatchFaceAMI;
+
+    // Simulation world to sample
+    // Overwrite -> sampleWorld     top;
+
+    // Region to sample
+    sampleRegion    region0;
+
+    // If sampleMode is nearestPatchFace : patch to find faces of
+    // Overwrite -> samplePatch     right_to_left;
+
+    // Use database to get data from (one-way or loose coupling in
+    // combination with functionObject)
+    //sampleDatabase    false;    //true;
+
+    // According to offsetMode (see above) supply one of
+    // offset, offsets or distance
+    offset          (0 0 0);
+
+    value           uniform 0.0;
+
+    // For mappedMixed
+    //weightField     DTV;
+    refValue        $value;
+    refGradient     uniform 0.0;
+    valueFraction   uniform 1.0;
+}
+
+boundaryField
+{
+    slab1_to_2
+    {
+        $_mappedMixedField;
+        sampleWorld     slab2;
+        samplePatch     slab2_to_1;
+    }
+
+    left
+    {
+        type            fixedValue;
+        value           uniform 1;
+    }
+
+    to_top
+    {
+        $_mappedMixedField;
+        sampleWorld     top;
+        samplePatch     top_to_1;
+    }
+
+    bottom
+    {
+        type            zeroGradient;
+    }
+
+    frontAndBack
+    {
+        type            empty;
+    }
+}
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

tutorials/basic/laplacianFoam/multiWorld2/slab1/constant/transportProperties

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+../../common/constant/transportProperties

tutorials/basic/laplacianFoam/multiWorld2/slab1/system/blockMeshDict

@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| =========                 |                                                 |
+| \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox           |
+|  \\    /   O peration     | Version:  v2112                                 |
+|   \\  /    A nd           | Website:  www.openfoam.com                      |
+|    \\/     M anipulation  |                                                 |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+    version     2.0;
+    format      ascii;
+    class       dictionary;
+    object      blockMeshDict;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+SLAB_OFFSET  0;
+
+scale   0.1;
+
+transform
+{
+    origin  (#eval{0.5 * $SLAB_OFFSET} 0 0);
+    rotation none;
+}
+
+xdim   0.5;
+ydim   1;
+zdim   0.1;
+
+vertices
+(
+    (0      0      0)
+    ($xdim  0      0)
+    ($xdim  $ydim  0)
+    (0      $ydim  0)
+
+    (0      0      $zdim)
+    ($xdim  0      $zdim)
+    ($xdim  $ydim  $zdim)
+    (0      $ydim  $zdim)
+);
+
+blocks
+(
+    hex (0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7) (2 2 1) grading (1 1 1)
+);
+
+
+boundary
+(
+    left        // left-side (face 0)
+    {
+        type  wall;
+        faces ((0 0));
+    }
+
+    slab1_to_2  // right-side (face 1)
+    {
+        type  wall;
+        faces ((0 1));
+    }
+
+    bottom      // face 2
+    {
+        type  wall;
+        faces ((0 2));
+    }
+
+    to_top      // top: face 3
+    {
+        type  wall;
+        faces ((0 3));
+    }
+
+    frontAndBack  // face 4 5
+    {
+        type  empty;
+        faces ((0 4) (0 5));
+    }
+);
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

tutorials/basic/laplacianFoam/multiWorld2/slab1/system/controlDict

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+../../common/system/controlDict

tutorials/basic/laplacianFoam/multiWorld2/slab1/system/decomposeParDict

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+../../common/system/decomposeParDict

tutorials/basic/laplacianFoam/multiWorld2/slab1/system/fvSchemes

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+../../common/system/fvSchemes

tutorials/basic/laplacianFoam/multiWorld2/slab1/system/fvSolution

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+../../common/system/fvSolution

tutorials/basic/laplacianFoam/multiWorld2/slab2/0.orig/T

@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| =========                 |                                                 |
+| \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox           |
+|  \\    /   O peration     | Version:  v2112                                 |
+|   \\  /    A nd           | Website:  www.openfoam.com                      |
+|    \\/     M anipulation  |                                                 |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+    version     2.0;
+    format      ascii;
+    class       volScalarField;
+    object      T;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+dimensions      [0 0 0 1 0 0 0];
+
+internalField   uniform 0;
+
+_mappedMixedField
+{
+    type            mappedMixedField;
+
+    // What/how to sample:
+    sampleMode      nearestPatchFaceAMI;
+
+    // Simulation world to sample
+    // Overwrite -> sampleWorld     top;
+
+    // Region to sample
+    sampleRegion    region0;
+
+    // If sampleMode is nearestPatchFace : patch to find faces of
+    // Overwrite -> samplePatch     right_to_left;
+
+    // Use database to get data from (one-way or loose coupling in
+    // combination with functionObject)
+    //sampleDatabase    false;    //true;
+
+    // According to offsetMode (see above) supply one of
+    // offset, offsets or distance
+    offset          (0 0 0);
+
+    value           uniform 0.0;
+
+    // For mappedMixed
+    //weightField     DTV;
+    refValue        $value;
+    refGradient     uniform 0.0;
+    valueFraction   uniform 1.0;
+}
+
+boundaryField
+{
+    slab2_to_1
+    {
+        $_mappedMixedField;
+        sampleWorld     slab1;
+        samplePatch     slab1_to_2;
+    }
+
+    slab2_to_3
+    {
+        $_mappedMixedField;
+        sampleWorld     slab3;
+        samplePatch     slab3_to_2;
+    }
+
+    to_top
+    {
+        $_mappedMixedField;
+        sampleWorld     top;
+        samplePatch     top_to_2;
+    }
+
+    bottom
+    {
+        type            zeroGradient;
+    }
+
+    right
+    {
+        type            fixedValue;
+        value           uniform 0;
+    }
+
+    frontAndBack
+    {
+        type            empty;
+    }
+}
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

tutorials/basic/laplacianFoam/multiWorld2/slab2/constant/transportProperties

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+../../common/constant/transportProperties

tutorials/basic/laplacianFoam/multiWorld2/slab2/system/blockMeshDict

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| =========                 |                                                 |
+| \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox           |
+|  \\    /   O peration     | Version:  v2112                                 |
+|   \\  /    A nd           | Website:  www.openfoam.com                      |
+|    \\/     M anipulation  |                                                 |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+    version     2.0;
+    format      ascii;
+    class       dictionary;
+    object      blockMeshDict;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+SLAB_OFFSET  1;
+
+scale   0.1;
+
+transform
+{
+    origin  (#eval{0.5 * $SLAB_OFFSET} 0 0);
+    rotation none;
+}
+
+xdim   0.5;
+ydim   1;
+zdim   0.1;
+
+vertices
+(
+    (0      0      0)
+    ($xdim  0      0)
+    ($xdim  $ydim  0)
+    (0      $ydim  0)
+
+    (0      0      $zdim)
+    ($xdim  0      $zdim)
+    ($xdim  $ydim  $zdim)
+    (0      $ydim  $zdim)
+);
+
+blocks
+(
+    hex (0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7) (2 2 1) grading (1 1 1)
+);
+
+boundary
+(
+    slab2_to_1  // left-side (face 0)
+    {
+        type  wall;
+        faces ((0 0));
+    }
+
+    slab2_to_3  // right-side (face 1)
+    {
+        type  wall;
+        faces ((0 1));
+    }
+
+    bottom      // face 2
+    {
+        type  wall;
+        faces ((0 2));
+    }
+
+    to_top      // top: face 3
+    {
+        type  wall;
+        faces ((0 3));
+    }
+
+    frontAndBack  // face 4 5
+    {
+        type  empty;
+        faces ((0 4) (0 5));
+    }
+);
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

tutorials/basic/laplacianFoam/multiWorld2/slab2/system/controlDict

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+../../common/system/controlDict

tutorials/basic/laplacianFoam/multiWorld2/slab2/system/decomposeParDict

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+../../common/system/decomposeParDict

tutorials/basic/laplacianFoam/multiWorld2/slab2/system/fvSchemes

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+../../common/system/fvSchemes

tutorials/basic/laplacianFoam/multiWorld2/slab2/system/fvSolution

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+../../common/system/fvSolution

tutorials/basic/laplacianFoam/multiWorld2/slab3/0.orig/T

@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| =========                 |                                                 |
+| \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox           |
+|  \\    /   O peration     | Version:  v2112                                 |
+|   \\  /    A nd           | Website:  www.openfoam.com                      |
+|    \\/     M anipulation  |                                                 |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+    version     2.0;
+    format      ascii;
+    class       volScalarField;
+    object      T;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+dimensions      [0 0 0 1 0 0 0];
+
+internalField   uniform 0;
+
+_mappedMixedField
+{
+    type            mappedMixedField;
+
+    // What/how to sample:
+    sampleMode      nearestPatchFaceAMI;
+
+    // Simulation world to sample
+    // Overwrite -> sampleWorld     top;
+
+    // Region to sample
+    sampleRegion    region0;
+
+    // If sampleMode is nearestPatchFace : patch to find faces of
+    // Overwrite -> samplePatch     right_to_left;
+
+    // Use database to get data from (one-way or loose coupling in
+    // combination with functionObject)
+    //sampleDatabase    false;    //true;
+
+    // According to offsetMode (see above) supply one of
+    // offset, offsets or distance
+    offset          (0 0 0);
+
+    value           uniform 0.0;
+
+    // For mappedMixed
+    //weightField     DTV;
+    refValue        $value;
+    refGradient     uniform 0.0;
+    valueFraction   uniform 1.0;
+}
+
+boundaryField
+{
+    slab3_to_2
+    {
+        $_mappedMixedField;
+        sampleWorld     slab2;
+        samplePatch     slab2_to_3;
+    }
+
+    slab3_to_4
+    {
+        $_mappedMixedField;
+        sampleWorld     slab4;
+        samplePatch     slab4_to_3;
+    }
+
+    to_top
+    {
+        $_mappedMixedField;
+        sampleWorld     top;
+        samplePatch     top_to_3;
+    }
+
+    bottom
+    {
+        type            zeroGradient;
+    }
+
+    frontAndBack
+    {
+        type            empty;
+    }
+}
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

tutorials/basic/laplacianFoam/multiWorld2/slab3/constant/transportProperties

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+../../common/constant/transportProperties

tutorials/basic/laplacianFoam/multiWorld2/slab3/system/blockMeshDict

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| =========                 |                                                 |
+| \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox           |
+|  \\    /   O peration     | Version:  v2112                                 |
+|   \\  /    A nd           | Website:  www.openfoam.com                      |
+|    \\/     M anipulation  |                                                 |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+    version     2.0;
+    format      ascii;
+    class       dictionary;
+    object      blockMeshDict;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+SLAB_OFFSET  2;
+
+scale   0.1;
+
+transform
+{
+    origin  (#eval{0.5 * $SLAB_OFFSET} 0 0);
+    rotation none;
+}
+
+xdim   0.5;
+ydim   1;
+zdim   0.1;
+
+vertices
+(
+    (0      0      0)
+    ($xdim  0      0)
+    ($xdim  $ydim  0)
+    (0      $ydim  0)
+
+    (0      0      $zdim)
+    ($xdim  0      $zdim)
+    ($xdim  $ydim  $zdim)
+    (0      $ydim  $zdim)
+);
+
+blocks
+(
+    hex (0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7) (2 2 1) grading (1 1 1)
+);
+
+boundary
+(
+    slab3_to_2  // left-side (face 0)
+    {
+        type  wall;
+        faces ((0 0));
+    }
+
+    slab3_to_4  // right-side (face 1)
+    {
+        type  wall;
+        faces ((0 1));
+    }
+
+    bottom      // face 2
+    {
+        type  wall;
+        faces ((0 2));
+    }
+
+    to_top      // top: face 3
+    {
+        type  wall;
+        faces ((0 3));
+    }
+
+    frontAndBack  // face 4 5
+    {
+        type  empty;
+        faces ((0 4) (0 5));
+    }
+);
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

tutorials/basic/laplacianFoam/multiWorld2/slab3/system/controlDict

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+../../common/system/controlDict

tutorials/basic/laplacianFoam/multiWorld2/slab3/system/decomposeParDict

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+../../common/system/decomposeParDict

tutorials/basic/laplacianFoam/multiWorld2/slab3/system/fvSchemes

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+../../common/system/fvSchemes

tutorials/basic/laplacianFoam/multiWorld2/slab3/system/fvSolution

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+../../common/system/fvSolution

tutorials/basic/laplacianFoam/multiWorld2/slab4/0.orig/T

@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| =========                 |                                                 |
+| \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox           |
+|  \\    /   O peration     | Version:  v2112                                 |
+|   \\  /    A nd           | Website:  www.openfoam.com                      |
+|    \\/     M anipulation  |                                                 |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+    version     2.0;
+    format      ascii;
+    class       volScalarField;
+    object      T;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+dimensions      [0 0 0 1 0 0 0];
+
+internalField   uniform 0;
+
+_mappedMixedField
+{
+    type            mappedMixedField;
+
+    // What/how to sample:
+    sampleMode      nearestPatchFaceAMI;
+
+    // Simulation world to sample
+    // Overwrite -> sampleWorld     top;
+
+    // Region to sample
+    sampleRegion    region0;
+
+    // If sampleMode is nearestPatchFace : patch to find faces of
+    // Overwrite -> samplePatch     right_to_left;
+
+    // Use database to get data from (one-way or loose coupling in
+    // combination with functionObject)
+    //sampleDatabase    false;    //true;
+
+    // According to offsetMode (see above) supply one of
+    // offset, offsets or distance
+    offset          (0 0 0);
+
+    value           uniform 0.0;
+
+    // For mappedMixed
+    //weightField     DTV;
+    refValue        $value;
+    refGradient     uniform 0.0;
+    valueFraction   uniform 1.0;
+}
+
+boundaryField
+{
+    slab4_to_3
+    {
+        $_mappedMixedField;
+        sampleWorld     slab3;
+        samplePatch     slab3_to_4;
+    }
+
+    right
+    {
+        type            fixedValue;
+        value           uniform 0;
+    }
+
+    to_top
+    {
+        $_mappedMixedField;
+        sampleWorld     top;
+        samplePatch     top_to_4;
+    }
+
+    bottom
+    {
+        type            zeroGradient;
+    }
+
+    frontAndBack
+    {
+        type            empty;
+    }
+}
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

tutorials/basic/laplacianFoam/multiWorld2/slab4/constant/transportProperties

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+../../common/constant/transportProperties

tutorials/basic/laplacianFoam/multiWorld2/slab4/system/blockMeshDict

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| =========                 |                                                 |
+| \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox           |
+|  \\    /   O peration     | Version:  v2112                                 |
+|   \\  /    A nd           | Website:  www.openfoam.com                      |
+|    \\/     M anipulation  |                                                 |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+    version     2.0;
+    format      ascii;
+    class       dictionary;
+    object      blockMeshDict;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+SLAB_OFFSET  3;
+
+scale   0.1;
+
+transform
+{
+    origin  (#eval{0.5 * $SLAB_OFFSET} 0 0);
+    rotation none;
+}
+
+xdim   0.5;
+ydim   1;
+zdim   0.1;
+
+vertices
+(
+    (0      0      0)
+    ($xdim  0      0)
+    ($xdim  $ydim  0)
+    (0      $ydim  0)
+
+    (0      0      $zdim)
+    ($xdim  0      $zdim)
+    ($xdim  $ydim  $zdim)
+    (0      $ydim  $zdim)
+);
+
+blocks
+(
+    hex (0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7) (2 2 1) grading (1 1 1)
+);
+
+boundary
+(
+    slab4_to_3  // left-side (face 0)
+    {
+        type  wall;
+        faces ((0 0));
+    }
+
+    right       // right-side (face 1)
+    {
+        type  wall;
+        faces ((0 1));
+    }
+
+    bottom      // face 2
+    {
+        type  wall;
+        faces ((0 2));
+    }
+
+    to_top      // top: face 3
+    {
+        type  wall;
+        faces ((0 3));
+    }
+
+    frontAndBack  // face 4 5
+    {
+        type  empty;
+        faces ((0 4) (0 5));
+    }
+);
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

tutorials/basic/laplacianFoam/multiWorld2/slab4/system/controlDict

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+../../common/system/controlDict

tutorials/basic/laplacianFoam/multiWorld2/slab4/system/decomposeParDict

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+../../common/system/decomposeParDict

tutorials/basic/laplacianFoam/multiWorld2/slab4/system/fvSchemes

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+../../common/system/fvSchemes

tutorials/basic/laplacianFoam/multiWorld2/slab4/system/fvSolution

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+../../common/system/fvSolution

tutorials/basic/laplacianFoam/multiWorld2/top/0.orig/T

@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| =========                 |                                                 |
+| \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox           |
+|  \\    /   O peration     | Version:  v2112                                 |
+|   \\  /    A nd           | Website:  www.openfoam.com                      |
+|    \\/     M anipulation  |                                                 |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+    version     2.0;
+    format      ascii;
+    class       volScalarField;
+    object      T;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+dimensions      [0 0 0 1 0 0 0];
+
+internalField   uniform 0;
+
+_mappedMixedField
+{
+    type            mappedMixedField;
+
+    // What/how to sample:
+    sampleMode      nearestPatchFaceAMI;
+
+    // Simulation world to sample
+    // Overwrite -> sampleWorld     slabN;
+
+    // Region to sample
+    sampleRegion    region0;
+
+    // If sampleMode is nearestPatchFace : patch to find faces of
+    samplePatch     to_top;
+
+    // Use database to get data from (one-way or loose coupling in
+    // combination with functionObject)
+    //sampleDatabase    false;    //true;
+
+    // According to offsetMode (see above) supply one of
+    // offset, offsets or distance
+    offset          (0 0 0);
+
+    value           uniform 0.0;
+
+    // For mappedMixed
+    //weightField     DTV;
+    refValue        $value;
+    refGradient     uniform 0.0;
+    valueFraction   uniform 1.0;
+}
+
+
+boundaryField
+{
+    top_to_1
+    {
+        $_mappedMixedField;
+        sampleWorld     slab1;
+    }
+
+    top_to_2
+    {
+        $_mappedMixedField;
+        sampleWorld     slab2;
+    }
+
+    top_to_3
+    {
+        $_mappedMixedField;
+        sampleWorld     slab3;
+    }
+
+    top_to_4
+    {
+        $_mappedMixedField;
+        sampleWorld     slab4;
+    }
+
+    top
+    {
+        type            zeroGradient;
+    }
+
+    interface
+    {
+        type            zeroGradient;
+    }
+
+    left
+    {
+        type            fixedValue;
+        value           uniform 1.2;
+    }
+
+    right
+    {
+        type            fixedValue;
+        value           uniform 0.2;
+    }
+
+    frontAndBack
+    {
+        type            empty;
+    }
+}
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

tutorials/basic/laplacianFoam/multiWorld2/top/Allrun.pre

@@ -3,13 +3,11 @@ cd "${0%/*}" || exit                                # Run from this directory
 . ${WM_PROJECT_DIR:?}/bin/tools/RunFunctions        # Tutorial run functions
 #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-# Create meshes and initial fields
-for subcase in left right
-do
-(
-    cd "$subcase" || exit
-    runApplication blockMesh && restore0Dir
-)
-done
+# Create meshes
+runApplication blockMesh
+
+runApplication -s patches topoSet -dict system/topoSetDict.patches
+
+runApplication createPatch -overwrite
 
 #------------------------------------------------------------------------------

tutorials/basic/laplacianFoam/multiWorld2/top/constant/transportProperties

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+../../common/constant/transportProperties

tutorials/basic/laplacianFoam/multiWorld2/top/system/blockMeshDict

@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| =========                 |                                                 |
+| \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox           |
+|  \\    /   O peration     | Version:  v2112                                 |
+|   \\  /    A nd           | Website:  www.openfoam.com                      |
+|    \\/     M anipulation  |                                                 |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+    version     2.0;
+    format      ascii;
+    class       dictionary;
+    object      blockMeshDict;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+// TOP
+
+NSLABS  4;
+
+scale   0.1;
+
+transform
+{
+    origin  (0 1 0);
+    rotation none;
+}
+
+xdim  #eval{0.5 * $NSLABS};
+ydim  0.2;
+zdim  0.1;
+
+nx    #eval #{ round(5 * $NSLABS) #};
+
+vertices
+(
+    (0      0      0)
+    ($xdim  0      0)
+    ($xdim  $ydim  0)
+    (0      $ydim  0)
+
+    (0      0      $zdim)
+    ($xdim  0      $zdim)
+    ($xdim  $ydim  $zdim)
+    (0      $ydim  $zdim)
+);
+
+blocks
+(
+    hex (0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7) ($nx 2 1) grading (1 1 1)
+);
+
+
+boundary
+(
+    left
+    {
+        type  wall;
+        faces ((0 0));
+    }
+
+    right
+    {
+        type  wall;
+        faces ((0 1));
+    }
+
+    interface   // inter-world connections
+    {
+        type  wall;
+        faces ((0 2));
+    }
+
+    top
+    {
+        type  wall;
+        faces ((0 3));
+    }
+
+    frontAndBack
+    {
+        type  empty;
+        faces ((0 4) (0 5));
+    }
+);
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

tutorials/basic/laplacianFoam/multiWorld2/top/system/controlDict

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+../../common/system/controlDict

tutorials/basic/laplacianFoam/multiWorld2/top/system/createPatchDict

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| =========                 |                                                 |
+| \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox           |
+|  \\    /   O peration     | Version:  v2112                                 |
+|   \\  /    A nd           | Website:  www.openfoam.com                      |
+|    \\/     M anipulation  |                                                 |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+    version     2.0;
+    format      ascii;
+    class       dictionary;
+    object      createPatchDict;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+pointSync   false;
+
+_fromSet
+{
+    patchInfo { type patch; }
+    constructFrom set;
+}
+
+
+// Patches to create
+patches
+(
+    {
+        name top_to_1;
+        set  top_to_1;
+        $_fromSet;
+    }
+
+    {
+        name top_to_2;
+        set  top_to_2;
+        $_fromSet;
+    }
+
+    {
+        name top_to_3;
+        set  top_to_3;
+        $_fromSet;
+    }
+
+    {
+        name top_to_4;
+        set  top_to_4;
+        $_fromSet;
+    }
+);
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

tutorials/basic/laplacianFoam/multiWorld2/top/system/decomposeParDict

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+../../common/system/decomposeParDict

tutorials/basic/laplacianFoam/multiWorld2/top/system/fvSchemes

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+../../common/system/fvSchemes

tutorials/basic/laplacianFoam/multiWorld2/top/system/fvSolution

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+../../common/system/fvSolution

tutorials/basic/laplacianFoam/multiWorld2/top/system/topoSetDict.patches

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| =========                 |                                                 |
+| \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox           |
+|  \\    /   O peration     | Version:  v2112                                 |
+|   \\  /    A nd           | Website:  www.openfoam.com                      |
+|    \\/     M anipulation  |                                                 |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+    version     2.0;
+    format      ascii;
+    class       dictionary;
+    object      topoSetDict;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+_newFromPatch
+{
+    type    faceSet;
+    action  new;
+    source  patchToFace;
+    patch   interface;
+}
+
+_subsetBox
+{
+    type    faceSet;
+    action  subset;
+    source  boxToFace;
+    min     (0  0 -1);
+    span    (0.05 2 2);
+}
+
+
+actions
+(
+    // slab 1 (offset 0)
+    { name top_to_1; $_newFromPatch }
+    {
+        name top_to_1;
+        $_subsetBox;
+        min (0 0 -1);
+    }
+
+    // slab 2 (offset 1)
+    { name top_to_2; $_newFromPatch }
+    {
+        name top_to_2;
+        $_subsetBox;
+        min (0.05 0 -1);
+    }
+
+    // slab 3 (offset 2)
+    { name top_to_3; $_newFromPatch }
+    {
+        name top_to_3;
+        $_subsetBox;
+        min (0.10 0 -1);
+    }
+
+    // slab 4 (offset 3)
+    { name top_to_4; $_newFromPatch }
+    {
+        name top_to_4;
+        $_subsetBox;
+        min (0.15 0 -1);
+    }
+);
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //