mirror of
https://develop.openfoam.com/Development/openfoam.git
synced 2025-11-28 03:28:01 +00:00
ENH: Added new liquid evaporation+boiling spray phase change model
This commit is contained in:
andy
@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ License
|
||||
|
||||
#include "NoPhaseChange.H"
|
||||
#include "LiquidEvaporation.H"
|
||||
#include "LiquidEvaporationBoil.H"
|
||||
|
||||
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
|
||||
|
||||
@ -37,7 +38,8 @@ License
|
||||
\
|
||||
makePhaseChangeModel(CloudType); \
|
||||
makePhaseChangeModelType(NoPhaseChange, CloudType); \
|
||||
makePhaseChangeModelType(LiquidEvaporation, CloudType);
|
||||
makePhaseChangeModelType(LiquidEvaporation, CloudType); \
|
||||
makePhaseChangeModelType(LiquidEvaporationBoil, CloudType);
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
|
||||
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,299 @@
|
||||
/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
|
||||
========= |
|
||||
\\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
|
||||
\\ / O peration |
|
||||
\\ / A nd | Copyright (C) 2011 OpenFOAM Foundation
|
||||
\\/ M anipulation |
|
||||
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
License
|
||||
This file is part of OpenFOAM.
|
||||
|
||||
OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
|
||||
under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
|
||||
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
|
||||
(at your option) any later version.
|
||||
|
||||
OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
|
||||
ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
|
||||
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
|
||||
for more details.
|
||||
|
||||
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
|
||||
along with OpenFOAM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
|
||||
|
||||
\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
|
||||
|
||||
#include "LiquidEvaporationBoil.H"
|
||||
#include "specie.H"
|
||||
#include "mathematicalConstants.H"
|
||||
|
||||
using namespace Foam::constant::mathematical;
|
||||
|
||||
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * Private Member Functions * * * * * * * * * * * //
|
||||
|
||||
template<class CloudType>
|
||||
Foam::tmp<Foam::scalarField> Foam::LiquidEvaporationBoil<CloudType>::calcXc
|
||||
(
|
||||
const label cellI
|
||||
) const
|
||||
{
|
||||
scalarField Xc(this->owner().thermo().carrier().Y().size());
|
||||
|
||||
forAll(Xc, i)
|
||||
{
|
||||
Xc[i] =
|
||||
this->owner().thermo().carrier().Y()[i][cellI]
|
||||
/this->owner().thermo().carrier().W(i);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
return Xc/sum(Xc);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
template<class CloudType>
|
||||
Foam::scalar Foam::LiquidEvaporationBoil<CloudType>::Sh
|
||||
(
|
||||
const scalar Re,
|
||||
const scalar Sc
|
||||
) const
|
||||
{
|
||||
return 2.0 + 0.6*Foam::sqrt(Re)*cbrt(Sc);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Constructors * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
|
||||
|
||||
template<class CloudType>
|
||||
Foam::LiquidEvaporationBoil<CloudType>::LiquidEvaporationBoil
|
||||
(
|
||||
const dictionary& dict,
|
||||
CloudType& owner
|
||||
)
|
||||
:
|
||||
PhaseChangeModel<CloudType>(dict, owner, typeName),
|
||||
liquids_(owner.thermo().liquids()),
|
||||
activeLiquids_(this->coeffDict().lookup("activeLiquids")),
|
||||
liqToCarrierMap_(activeLiquids_.size(), -1),
|
||||
liqToLiqMap_(activeLiquids_.size(), -1)
|
||||
{
|
||||
if (activeLiquids_.size() == 0)
|
||||
{
|
||||
WarningIn
|
||||
(
|
||||
"Foam::LiquidEvaporationBoil<CloudType>::LiquidEvaporationBoil"
|
||||
"("
|
||||
"const dictionary& dict, "
|
||||
"CloudType& owner"
|
||||
")"
|
||||
) << "Evaporation model selected, but no active liquids defined"
|
||||
<< nl << endl;
|
||||
}
|
||||
else
|
||||
{
|
||||
Info<< "Participating liquid species:" << endl;
|
||||
|
||||
// Determine mapping between liquid and carrier phase species
|
||||
forAll(activeLiquids_, i)
|
||||
{
|
||||
Info<< " " << activeLiquids_[i] << endl;
|
||||
liqToCarrierMap_[i] =
|
||||
owner.composition().globalCarrierId(activeLiquids_[i]);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Determine mapping between model active liquids and global liquids
|
||||
const label idLiquid = owner.composition().idLiquid();
|
||||
forAll(activeLiquids_, i)
|
||||
{
|
||||
liqToLiqMap_[i] =
|
||||
owner.composition().localId(idLiquid, activeLiquids_[i]);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
template<class CloudType>
|
||||
Foam::LiquidEvaporationBoil<CloudType>::LiquidEvaporationBoil
|
||||
(
|
||||
const LiquidEvaporationBoil<CloudType>& pcm
|
||||
)
|
||||
:
|
||||
PhaseChangeModel<CloudType>(pcm),
|
||||
liquids_(pcm.owner().thermo().liquids()),
|
||||
activeLiquids_(pcm.activeLiquids_),
|
||||
liqToCarrierMap_(pcm.liqToCarrierMap_),
|
||||
liqToLiqMap_(pcm.liqToLiqMap_)
|
||||
{}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Destructor * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
|
||||
|
||||
template<class CloudType>
|
||||
Foam::LiquidEvaporationBoil<CloudType>::~LiquidEvaporationBoil()
|
||||
{}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Member Functions * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
|
||||
|
||||
template<class CloudType>
|
||||
void Foam::LiquidEvaporationBoil<CloudType>::calculate
|
||||
(
|
||||
const scalar dt,
|
||||
const label cellI,
|
||||
const scalar Re,
|
||||
const scalar Pr,
|
||||
const scalar d,
|
||||
const scalar nu,
|
||||
const scalar T,
|
||||
const scalar Ts,
|
||||
const scalar pc,
|
||||
const scalar Tc,
|
||||
const scalarField& Yl,
|
||||
scalarField& dMassPC
|
||||
) const
|
||||
{
|
||||
// construct carrier phase species volume fractions for cell, cellI
|
||||
const scalarField XcMix(calcXc(cellI));
|
||||
|
||||
// liquid volume fraction
|
||||
const scalarField X(liquids_.X(Yl));
|
||||
|
||||
// droplet surface pressure
|
||||
scalar ps = liquids_.pv(pc, T, X);
|
||||
|
||||
// vapour density at droplet surface [kg/m3]
|
||||
scalar rhos = ps*liquids_.W(X)/(specie::RR*Ts);
|
||||
|
||||
// thermal conductivity of carrier [W/m/K]
|
||||
scalar kappac = 0.0;
|
||||
forAll(this->owner().thermo().carrier().Y(), i)
|
||||
{
|
||||
const scalar Yc = this->owner().thermo().carrier().Y()[i][cellI];
|
||||
kappac += Yc*this->owner().thermo().carrier().kappa(i, Ts);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// calculate mass transfer of each specie in liquid
|
||||
forAll(activeLiquids_, i)
|
||||
{
|
||||
const label gid = liqToCarrierMap_[i];
|
||||
const label lid = liqToLiqMap_[i];
|
||||
|
||||
// boiling temperature at cell pressure for liquid species lid [K]
|
||||
const scalar TBoil = liquids_.properties()[lid].pvInvert(pc);
|
||||
|
||||
// limit droplet temperature to boiling/critical temperature
|
||||
const scalar Td = min(T, 0.999*TBoil);
|
||||
|
||||
// saturation pressure for liquid species lid [Pa]
|
||||
const scalar pSat = liquids_.properties()[lid].pv(pc, Td);
|
||||
|
||||
// carrier phase concentration
|
||||
scalar Xc = XcMix[gid];
|
||||
|
||||
if (Xc*pc > pSat)
|
||||
{
|
||||
// saturated vapour - no phase change
|
||||
}
|
||||
else
|
||||
{
|
||||
if (pSat > 0.999*pc)
|
||||
{
|
||||
// boiling
|
||||
|
||||
// const scalar deltaT = max(Tc - Td, 0.5);
|
||||
const scalar deltaT = max(Tc - T, 0.5);
|
||||
|
||||
// liquid specific heat capacity
|
||||
const scalar Cp = liquids_.properties()[lid].Cp(pc, Td);
|
||||
|
||||
// vapour heat of fomation
|
||||
const scalar hv = liquids_.properties()[lid].hl(pc, Td);
|
||||
|
||||
// Nusselt number
|
||||
const scalar Nu = 2.0 + 0.6*sqrt(Re)*cbrt(Pr);
|
||||
|
||||
const scalar lg = log(1.0 + Cp*deltaT/max(SMALL, hv));
|
||||
|
||||
// mass transfer [kg]
|
||||
dMassPC[lid] += pi*kappac*Nu*lg*d/Cp*dt;
|
||||
}
|
||||
else
|
||||
{
|
||||
// evaporation
|
||||
|
||||
// surface molar fraction - Raoult's Law
|
||||
scalar Xs = X[lid]*pSat/pc;
|
||||
|
||||
// molar ratio
|
||||
const scalar Xr = (Xs - Xc)/max(SMALL, 1.0 - Xs);
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
if (Xr > 0)
|
||||
{
|
||||
// vapour diffusivity [m2/s]
|
||||
const scalar Dab = liquids_.properties()[lid].D(pc, Td);
|
||||
|
||||
// Schmidt number
|
||||
const scalar Sc = nu/(Dab + ROOTVSMALL);
|
||||
|
||||
// Sherwood number
|
||||
const scalar Sh = this->Sh(Re, Sc);
|
||||
|
||||
// mass transfer coefficient [m/s]
|
||||
const scalar kc = Sh*Dab/(d + ROOTVSMALL);
|
||||
|
||||
// mass transfer [kg]
|
||||
dMassPC[lid] += pi*sqr(d)*kc*rhos*log(1.0 + Xr)*dt;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
template<class CloudType>
|
||||
Foam::scalar Foam::LiquidEvaporationBoil<CloudType>::dh
|
||||
(
|
||||
const label idc,
|
||||
const label idl,
|
||||
const label p,
|
||||
const label T
|
||||
) const
|
||||
{
|
||||
scalar dh = 0;
|
||||
|
||||
typedef PhaseChangeModel<CloudType> parent;
|
||||
switch (parent::enthalpyTransfer_)
|
||||
{
|
||||
case (parent::etLatentHeat):
|
||||
{
|
||||
dh = liquids_.properties()[idl].hl(p, T);
|
||||
break;
|
||||
}
|
||||
case (parent::etEnthalpyDifference):
|
||||
{
|
||||
scalar hc = this->owner().composition().carrier().H(idc, T);
|
||||
scalar hp = liquids_.properties()[idl].h(p, T);
|
||||
|
||||
dh = hc - hp;
|
||||
break;
|
||||
}
|
||||
default:
|
||||
{
|
||||
FatalErrorIn
|
||||
(
|
||||
"Foam::scalar Foam::LiquidEvaporationBoil<CloudType>::dh"
|
||||
"("
|
||||
"const label, "
|
||||
"const label, "
|
||||
"const label, "
|
||||
"const label"
|
||||
")"
|
||||
) << "Unknown enthalpyTransfer type" << abort(FatalError);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
return dh;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
// ************************************************************************* //
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
|
||||
/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
|
||||
========= |
|
||||
\\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
|
||||
\\ / O peration |
|
||||
\\ / A nd | Copyright (C) 2011 OpenFOAM Foundation
|
||||
\\/ M anipulation |
|
||||
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
License
|
||||
This file is part of OpenFOAM.
|
||||
|
||||
OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
|
||||
under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
|
||||
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
|
||||
(at your option) any later version.
|
||||
|
||||
OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
|
||||
ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
|
||||
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
|
||||
for more details.
|
||||
|
||||
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
|
||||
along with OpenFOAM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
|
||||
|
||||
Class
|
||||
Foam::LiquidEvaporationBoil
|
||||
|
||||
Description
|
||||
Liquid evaporation model
|
||||
- uses ideal gas assumption
|
||||
- includes boiling model
|
||||
|
||||
\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
|
||||
|
||||
#ifndef LiquidEvaporationBoil_H
|
||||
#define LiquidEvaporationBoil_H
|
||||
|
||||
#include "PhaseChangeModel.H"
|
||||
#include "liquidMixtureProperties.H"
|
||||
|
||||
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
|
||||
|
||||
namespace Foam
|
||||
{
|
||||
/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
|
||||
Class LiquidEvaporationBoil Declaration
|
||||
\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
|
||||
|
||||
template<class CloudType>
|
||||
class LiquidEvaporationBoil
|
||||
:
|
||||
public PhaseChangeModel<CloudType>
|
||||
{
|
||||
protected:
|
||||
|
||||
// Protected data
|
||||
|
||||
//- Global liquid properties data
|
||||
const liquidMixtureProperties& liquids_;
|
||||
|
||||
//- List of active liquid names
|
||||
List<word> activeLiquids_;
|
||||
|
||||
//- Mapping between liquid and carrier species
|
||||
List<label> liqToCarrierMap_;
|
||||
|
||||
//- Mapping between local and global liquid species
|
||||
List<label> liqToLiqMap_;
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
// Protected Member Functions
|
||||
|
||||
//- Sherwood number as a function of Reynolds and Schmidt numbers
|
||||
scalar Sh(const scalar Re, const scalar Sc) const;
|
||||
|
||||
//- Calculate the carrier phase component volume fractions at cellI
|
||||
tmp<scalarField> calcXc(const label cellI) const;
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
public:
|
||||
|
||||
//- Runtime type information
|
||||
TypeName("liquidEvaporationBoil");
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
// Constructors
|
||||
|
||||
//- Construct from dictionary
|
||||
LiquidEvaporationBoil(const dictionary& dict, CloudType& cloud);
|
||||
|
||||
//- Construct copy
|
||||
LiquidEvaporationBoil(const LiquidEvaporationBoil<CloudType>& pcm);
|
||||
|
||||
//- Construct and return a clone
|
||||
virtual autoPtr<PhaseChangeModel<CloudType> > clone() const
|
||||
{
|
||||
return autoPtr<PhaseChangeModel<CloudType> >
|
||||
(
|
||||
new LiquidEvaporationBoil<CloudType>(*this)
|
||||
);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
//- Destructor
|
||||
virtual ~LiquidEvaporationBoil();
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
// Member Functions
|
||||
|
||||
//- Update model
|
||||
virtual void calculate
|
||||
(
|
||||
const scalar dt,
|
||||
const label cellI,
|
||||
const scalar Re,
|
||||
const scalar Pr,
|
||||
const scalar d,
|
||||
const scalar nu,
|
||||
const scalar T,
|
||||
const scalar Ts,
|
||||
const scalar pc,
|
||||
const scalar Tc,
|
||||
const scalarField& Yl,
|
||||
scalarField& dMassPC
|
||||
) const;
|
||||
|
||||
//- Return the enthalpy per unit mass
|
||||
virtual scalar dh
|
||||
(
|
||||
const label idc,
|
||||
const label idl,
|
||||
const label p,
|
||||
const label T
|
||||
) const;
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
|
||||
|
||||
} // End namespace Foam
|
||||
|
||||
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
|
||||
|
||||
#ifdef NoRepository
|
||||
# include "LiquidEvaporationBoil.C"
|
||||
#endif
|
||||
|
||||
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
|
||||
|
||||
#endif
|
||||
|
||||
// ************************************************************************* //
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user