From d2fc2c9edcea49c9a904d22107cef1097a1fa482 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Mark Olesen <Mark.Olesen@Germany>
Date: Thu, 3 Nov 2016 14:24:00 +0100
Subject: [PATCH] ENH: improved infrastructure for writing VTK content

Note: classes are prefixed with 'foamVtk' instead of 'vtk' to avoid potential
conflicts with VTK itself.

foamVtkCore
~~~~~~~~~~~
- General very low-level functionality.

foamVtkPTraits
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
- Traits type of functionality for VTK

foamVtkOutputOptions
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
- The various format output options as a class that can be passed to
  formatters etc.

foamVtkCells
~~~~~~~~~~~~
- Intended for unifying vtkTopo and PV-Reader code in the future.
- Handles polyhedron decompose internally etc

foamVtkOutput, foamVtkFormatter
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
- Output helpers.
- Selector for individual formatters.
  Currently write all scalar data a 'float' (not 'double'). Can
  revisit this in the future.
---
 .../PVFoamReader/vtkPVFoam/Make/options       |   4 +-
 src/conversion/Make/files                     |   3 +
 src/conversion/vtk/output/foamVtkOutput.C     | 126 ++++
 src/conversion/vtk/output/foamVtkOutput.H     | 216 ++++++
 .../vtk/output/foamVtkOutputTemplates.C       |  94 +++
 src/conversion/vtk/part/foamVtkCells.C        | 649 ++++++++++++++++++
 src/conversion/vtk/part/foamVtkCells.H        | 350 ++++++++++
 src/conversion/vtk/part/foamVtkCellsI.H       | 239 +++++++
 src/fileFormats/Make/files                    |  11 +-
 src/fileFormats/vtk/foamVtkCore.C             |  54 ++
 src/fileFormats/vtk/foamVtkCore.H             | 109 +++
 .../vtk/format/foamVtkAppendBase64Formatter.C |  65 ++
 .../vtk/format/foamVtkAppendBase64Formatter.H |  99 +++
 .../vtk/format/foamVtkAppendRawFormatter.C    | 112 +++
 .../vtk/format/foamVtkAppendRawFormatter.H    | 115 ++++
 .../vtk/format/foamVtkAsciiFormatter.C        | 136 ++++
 .../vtk/format/foamVtkAsciiFormatter.H        | 120 ++++
 .../vtk/format/foamVtkBase64Formatter.C       | 120 ++++
 .../vtk/format/foamVtkBase64Formatter.H       | 116 ++++
 src/fileFormats/vtk/format/foamVtkFormatter.C | 315 +++++++++
 src/fileFormats/vtk/format/foamVtkFormatter.H | 233 +++++++
 .../vtk/format/foamVtkFormatterTemplates.C    |  70 ++
 .../vtk/format/foamVtkLegacyFormatter.C       | 139 ++++
 .../vtk/format/foamVtkLegacyFormatter.H       | 119 ++++
 .../vtk/format/foamVtkOutputOptions.C         | 240 +++++++
 .../vtk/format/foamVtkOutputOptions.H         | 156 +++++
 .../vtk/format/foamVtkOutputOptionsI.H        |  56 ++
 .../vtk/{ => read}/vtkUnstructuredReader.C    |  22 +-
 .../vtk/{ => read}/vtkUnstructuredReader.H    |  30 +-
 .../vtkUnstructuredReaderTemplates.C          |   2 +-
 src/fileFormats/vtk/type/foamVtkPTraits.C     |  70 ++
 src/fileFormats/vtk/type/foamVtkPTraits.H     |  93 +++
 32 files changed, 4244 insertions(+), 39 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 src/conversion/vtk/output/foamVtkOutput.C
 create mode 100644 src/conversion/vtk/output/foamVtkOutput.H
 create mode 100644 src/conversion/vtk/output/foamVtkOutputTemplates.C
 create mode 100644 src/conversion/vtk/part/foamVtkCells.C
 create mode 100644 src/conversion/vtk/part/foamVtkCells.H
 create mode 100644 src/conversion/vtk/part/foamVtkCellsI.H
 create mode 100644 src/fileFormats/vtk/foamVtkCore.C
 create mode 100644 src/fileFormats/vtk/foamVtkCore.H
 create mode 100644 src/fileFormats/vtk/format/foamVtkAppendBase64Formatter.C
 create mode 100644 src/fileFormats/vtk/format/foamVtkAppendBase64Formatter.H
 create mode 100644 src/fileFormats/vtk/format/foamVtkAppendRawFormatter.C
 create mode 100644 src/fileFormats/vtk/format/foamVtkAppendRawFormatter.H
 create mode 100644 src/fileFormats/vtk/format/foamVtkAsciiFormatter.C
 create mode 100644 src/fileFormats/vtk/format/foamVtkAsciiFormatter.H
 create mode 100644 src/fileFormats/vtk/format/foamVtkBase64Formatter.C
 create mode 100644 src/fileFormats/vtk/format/foamVtkBase64Formatter.H
 create mode 100644 src/fileFormats/vtk/format/foamVtkFormatter.C
 create mode 100644 src/fileFormats/vtk/format/foamVtkFormatter.H
 create mode 100644 src/fileFormats/vtk/format/foamVtkFormatterTemplates.C
 create mode 100644 src/fileFormats/vtk/format/foamVtkLegacyFormatter.C
 create mode 100644 src/fileFormats/vtk/format/foamVtkLegacyFormatter.H
 create mode 100644 src/fileFormats/vtk/format/foamVtkOutputOptions.C
 create mode 100644 src/fileFormats/vtk/format/foamVtkOutputOptions.H
 create mode 100644 src/fileFormats/vtk/format/foamVtkOutputOptionsI.H
 rename src/fileFormats/vtk/{ => read}/vtkUnstructuredReader.C (98%)
 rename src/fileFormats/vtk/{ => read}/vtkUnstructuredReader.H (90%)
 rename src/fileFormats/vtk/{ => read}/vtkUnstructuredReaderTemplates.C (98%)
 create mode 100644 src/fileFormats/vtk/type/foamVtkPTraits.C
 create mode 100644 src/fileFormats/vtk/type/foamVtkPTraits.H

diff --git a/applications/utilities/postProcessing/graphics/PVReaders/PVFoamReader/vtkPVFoam/Make/options b/applications/utilities/postProcessing/graphics/PVReaders/PVFoamReader/vtkPVFoam/Make/options
index d0cdd781d7..9f63402d64 100644
--- a/applications/utilities/postProcessing/graphics/PVReaders/PVFoamReader/vtkPVFoam/Make/options
+++ b/applications/utilities/postProcessing/graphics/PVReaders/PVFoamReader/vtkPVFoam/Make/options
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@ EXE_INC = \
     -I$(LIB_SRC)/finiteVolume/lnInclude \
     -I$(LIB_SRC)/dynamicMesh/lnInclude \
     -I$(LIB_SRC)/lagrangian/basic/lnInclude \
+    -I$(LIB_SRC)/fileFormats/lnInclude \
+    -I$(LIB_SRC)/conversion/lnInclude \
     -I$(ParaView_INCLUDE_DIR) \
     -I$(ParaView_INCLUDE_DIR)/vtkkwiml \
     -I../../vtkPVReaders/lnInclude \
@@ -10,7 +12,7 @@ EXE_INC = \
 
 LIB_LIBS = \
     -ldynamicMesh \
-    -ldynamicMesh \
+    -lconversion \
     -lgenericPatchFields \
     -llagrangian \
     -L$(FOAM_LIBBIN) -lvtkPVReaders \
diff --git a/src/conversion/Make/files b/src/conversion/Make/files
index 0266423e35..3f2c0a0c98 100644
--- a/src/conversion/Make/files
+++ b/src/conversion/Make/files
@@ -24,4 +24,7 @@ starcd/STARCDMeshWriter.C
 
 polyDualMesh/polyDualMesh.C
 
+vtk/part/foamVtkCells.C
+vtk/output/foamVtkOutput.C
+
 LIB = $(FOAM_LIBBIN)/libconversion
diff --git a/src/conversion/vtk/output/foamVtkOutput.C b/src/conversion/vtk/output/foamVtkOutput.C
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4ece681a85
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/conversion/vtk/output/foamVtkOutput.C
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     |
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2016 OpenCFD Ltd.
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "foamVtkOutput.H"
+#include "foamVtkAsciiFormatter.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Static Data Members * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+const Foam::word Foam::foamVtkOutput::legacy::EXT = "vtk";
+
+
+//! \cond fileScope
+static inline std::ostream& legacyDataHeader
+(
+    std::ostream& os,
+    const char* tag,
+    const Foam::label nItems,
+    const Foam::label nFields
+)
+{
+    os  << tag << ' ' << nItems << '\n'
+        << "FIELD attributes " << nFields << '\n';
+
+    return os;
+}
+//! \endcond
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * Static Member Functions * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+Foam::label Foam::foamVtkOutput::writeVtmFile
+(
+    std::ostream& os,
+    const UList<fileName>& files
+)
+{
+    const word& content = "vtkMultiBlockDataSet";
+
+    foamVtkAsciiFormatter vtmFile(os);
+
+    vtmFile
+        .xmlHeader()
+        .openTag("VTKFile")
+        ( "type",        content )
+        ( "version",     "1.0" )
+        ( "byte_order",  foamVtkFormatter::byteOrder )
+        ( "header_type", foamVtkFormatter::headerType )
+        .closeTag();
+
+    vtmFile.tag(content);
+
+    forAll(files, i)
+    {
+        vtmFile
+            .openTag("DataSet")
+            ( "index", i )
+            ( "file", files[i] )
+            .closeTag(true);
+    }
+
+    vtmFile.endTag(content).endTag("VTKFile");
+
+    return files.size();
+}
+
+
+std::ostream& Foam::foamVtkOutput::legacy::writeHeader
+(
+    std::ostream& os,
+    const std::string& title,
+    const bool binary
+)
+{
+    os  << "# vtk DataFile Version 2.0" << nl
+        << title << nl
+        << (binary ? "BINARY" : "ASCII") << nl;
+
+    return os;
+}
+
+
+std::ostream& Foam::foamVtkOutput::legacy::writeCellDataHeader
+(
+    std::ostream& os,
+    const label nCells,
+    const label nFields
+)
+{
+    return legacyDataHeader(os, "CELL_DATA", nCells, nFields);
+}
+
+
+std::ostream& Foam::foamVtkOutput::legacy::writePointDataHeader
+(
+    std::ostream& os,
+    const label nPoints,
+    const label nFields
+)
+{
+    return legacyDataHeader(os, "POINT_DATA", nPoints, nFields);
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/src/conversion/vtk/output/foamVtkOutput.H b/src/conversion/vtk/output/foamVtkOutput.H
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ad7964bfff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/conversion/vtk/output/foamVtkOutput.H
@@ -0,0 +1,216 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     |
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2016 OpenCFD Ltd.
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+Class
+    foamVtkOutput
+
+Description
+    A collection of functions for writing vtk file content.
+
+SourceFiles
+    foamVtkOutput.C
+    foamVtkOutputTemplates.C
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef foamVtkOutput_H
+#define foamVtkOutput_H
+
+#include "floatScalar.H"
+#include "volFields.H"
+#include "foamVtkFormatter.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+                        Class foamVtkOutput Declaration
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+class foamVtkOutput
+{
+    // Private Member Functions
+
+        //- Disallow construction
+        foamVtkOutput() = delete;
+
+public:
+
+    // Forward declarations
+    class legacy;
+
+
+    // Static Members
+
+        //- Write vtm datasets for specified files
+        static Foam::label writeVtmFile
+        (
+            std::ostream& os,
+            const UList<fileName>& files
+        );
+
+
+        //- Write a value component-wise.
+        template<class Type>
+        inline static void write(foamVtkFormatter&, const Type&);
+
+
+        //- Write a list of values.
+        //  The output does not include the payload size.
+        template<class Type>
+        static void writeList
+        (
+            foamVtkFormatter&,
+            const UList<Type>&
+        );
+
+
+        //- Write a list of values via indirect addressing.
+        //  The output does not include the payload size.
+        template<class Type>
+        static void writeList
+        (
+            foamVtkFormatter&,
+            const UList<Type>&,
+            const UList<label>& addressing
+        );
+
+
+        //- Write volField with cell values (including decomposed cells).
+        //  The output includes the payload size and flush.
+        template<class Type>
+        static void writeField
+        (
+            foamVtkFormatter&,
+            const GeometricField<Type, fvPatchField, volMesh>&,
+            const UList<label>& superCells
+        );
+
+};
+
+
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+                    Class foamVtkOutput::legacy Declaration
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+//- Basic support for legacy files
+class foamVtkOutput::legacy
+{
+    // Private Member Functions
+
+        //- Disallow construction
+        legacy() = delete;
+
+public:
+
+    // Static data members
+
+        //- file extension for legacy files (vtk)
+        static const Foam::word EXT;
+
+
+    // Static Members
+
+        //- Emit header for legacy file
+        static std::ostream& writeHeader
+        (
+            std::ostream&,
+            const std::string& title,
+            const bool binary = false
+        );
+
+
+        //- Emit header for legacy CELL_DATA
+        static std::ostream& writeCellDataHeader
+        (
+            std::ostream& os,
+            const label nCells,
+            const label nFields
+        );
+
+
+        //- Emit header for legacy POINT_DATA
+        static std::ostream& writePointDataHeader
+        (
+            std::ostream& os,
+            const label nPoints,
+            const label nFields
+        );
+
+};
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+
+//- Template specialization for label
+template<>
+inline void Foam::foamVtkOutput::write<label>
+(
+    foamVtkFormatter& fmt,
+    const label& val
+)
+{
+    fmt.write(val);
+}
+
+
+//- Template specialization for float
+template<>
+inline void Foam::foamVtkOutput::write<float>
+(
+    foamVtkFormatter& fmt,
+    const float& val
+)
+{
+    fmt.write(val);
+}
+
+
+//- Template specialization for double
+template<>
+inline void Foam::foamVtkOutput::write<double>
+(
+    foamVtkFormatter& fmt,
+    const double& val
+)
+{
+    fmt.write(val);
+}
+
+} // End namespace Foam
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+#ifdef NoRepository
+    #include "foamVtkOutputTemplates.C"
+#endif
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+#endif
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/src/conversion/vtk/output/foamVtkOutputTemplates.C b/src/conversion/vtk/output/foamVtkOutputTemplates.C
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..03c2d56bd9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/conversion/vtk/output/foamVtkOutputTemplates.C
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     |
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2016 OpenCFD Ltd.
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+
+template<class Type>
+inline void Foam::foamVtkOutput::write
+(
+    foamVtkFormatter& fmt,
+    const Type& val
+)
+{
+    for (direction cmpt=0; cmpt < pTraits<Type>::nComponents; ++cmpt)
+    {
+        fmt.write(component(val, cmpt));
+    }
+}
+
+
+template<class Type>
+void Foam::foamVtkOutput::writeList
+(
+    foamVtkFormatter& fmt,
+    const UList<Type>& lst
+)
+{
+    forAll(lst, i)
+    {
+        write(fmt, lst[i]);
+    }
+}
+
+
+template<class Type>
+void Foam::foamVtkOutput::writeList
+(
+    foamVtkFormatter& fmt,
+    const UList<Type>& lst,
+    const UList<label>& addressing
+)
+{
+    forAll(addressing, i)
+    {
+        write(fmt, lst[addressing[i]]);
+    }
+}
+
+
+template<class Type>
+void Foam::foamVtkOutput::writeField
+(
+    foamVtkFormatter& fmt,
+    const GeometricField<Type, fvPatchField, volMesh>& vf,
+    const UList<label>& superCells
+)
+{
+    const uint64_t payLoad =
+    (
+        (vf.size() + superCells.size())
+      * pTraits<Type>::nComponents * sizeof(float)
+    );
+
+    fmt.writeSize(payLoad);
+    writeList(fmt, vf.internalField());
+    writeList(fmt, vf, superCells);
+
+    fmt.flush();
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/src/conversion/vtk/part/foamVtkCells.C b/src/conversion/vtk/part/foamVtkCells.C
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b4c7beacde
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/conversion/vtk/part/foamVtkCells.C
@@ -0,0 +1,649 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     |
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011-2016 OpenCFD Ltd.
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "foamVtkCells.H"
+#include "polyMesh.H"
+#include "cellShape.H"
+#include "cellModeller.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * Private Member Functions  * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+void Foam::foamVtkCells::correct()
+{
+    // Clear derived data
+    // clearGeom();
+
+    const cellModel& tet      = *(cellModeller::lookup("tet"));
+    const cellModel& pyr      = *(cellModeller::lookup("pyr"));
+    const cellModel& prism    = *(cellModeller::lookup("prism"));
+    const cellModel& wedge    = *(cellModeller::lookup("wedge"));
+    const cellModel& tetWedge = *(cellModeller::lookup("tetWedge"));
+    const cellModel& hex      = *(cellModeller::lookup("hex"));
+
+    const cellShapeList& cellShapes = mesh_.cellShapes();
+
+    // face owner is needed to determine the face orientation
+    const labelList& owner = mesh_.faceOwner();
+
+    // Unique vertex labels per polyhedral
+    HashSet<label> hashUniqId(2*256);
+
+    // =======================
+    // PASS 1: Determine sizes
+
+    label nVertLabels = 0;
+    label nFaceLabels = 0;
+    label nAddPoints  = 0;
+    label nAddCells   = 0;
+    label nAddVerts   = 0;
+
+    forAll(cellShapes, cellI)
+    {
+        const cellShape& shape = cellShapes[cellI];
+        const cellModel& model = shape.model();
+
+        if
+        (
+            model == tet
+         || model == pyr
+         || model == prism
+         || model == hex
+        )
+        {
+            // normal primitives
+            nVertLabels += shape.size();
+        }
+        else if (model == tetWedge && decompose_.requested())
+        {
+            // Treat as squeezed prism (VTK_WEDGE)
+            nVertLabels += 6;
+        }
+        else if (model == wedge && decompose_.requested())
+        {
+            // Treat as squeezed hex
+            nVertLabels += 8;
+        }
+        else if (decompose_.requested())
+        {
+            // Polyhedral: Decompose into tets + pyramids.
+
+            // Count vertices in first decomposed cell
+            bool first = true;
+
+            const cell& cFaces = mesh_.cells()[cellI];
+            forAll(cFaces, cFaceI)
+            {
+                const face& f = mesh_.faces()[cFaces[cFaceI]];
+
+                // Face decomposed into triangles and quads
+                // Tri -> Tet, Quad -> Pyr
+                label nTria = 0, nQuad = 0;
+                f.nTrianglesQuads(mesh_.points(), nTria, nQuad);
+
+                nAddCells  += nTria + nQuad;
+                nAddVerts  += (nTria * 4) + (nQuad * 5);
+
+                if (first)
+                {
+                    const label nvrt = (nQuad ? 5 : 4);
+                    nAddCells--;
+                    nAddVerts   -= nvrt;
+                    nVertLabels += nvrt;
+
+                    first = false;
+                }
+            }
+
+            ++nAddPoints;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            // Polyhedral: Not decomposed.
+
+            const labelList& cFaces = mesh_.cells()[cellI];
+
+            // establish unique node ids used (only needed for XML)
+            hashUniqId.clear();
+
+            // determing sizing for face stream
+            // number of faces, size of each face, vertices per face
+            // [nFaces, nFace0Pts, id1, id2, ..., nFace1Pts, id1, id2, ...]
+
+            forAll(cFaces, cFaceI)
+            {
+                const face& f = mesh_.faces()[cFaces[cFaceI]];
+                nFaceLabels += f.size();
+
+                forAll(f, fp)
+                {
+                    hashUniqId.insert(f[fp]);
+                }
+            }
+
+            nVertLabels += hashUniqId.size();
+            nFaceLabels += 1 + cFaces.size();
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    //
+    // adjust/reserve sizes
+    //
+
+    // Cell types (including added cells) in vtk numbering
+    cellTypes_.setSize(cellShapes.size() + nAddCells);
+
+    // List of vertex labels in VTK ordering
+    vertLabels_.setSize(nVertLabels + nAddVerts);
+
+    vertOffset_.setSize(cellShapes.size() + nAddCells);
+
+    faceLabels_.clear();
+    faceOffset_.clear();
+    if (nFaceLabels)
+    {
+        faceLabels_.setSize(nFaceLabels);
+
+        // only need nCells (without nAddCells)
+        // set to -1 (primitive)
+        faceOffset_.setSize(cellShapes.size(), -1);
+    }
+
+    if (decompose_.requested())
+    {
+        decompose_.addPointCellLabels_.setSize(nAddPoints);
+        decompose_.superCells_.setSize(nAddCells);
+    }
+
+
+    // ======================
+    // PASS 2: Fill in arrays
+
+    // Need this offset later, but only for decomposed polys
+    const label offsetAddVerts = nVertLabels;
+
+    // Reset counters
+    nVertLabels = 0;
+    nFaceLabels = 0;
+    nAddPoints  = 0;
+    nAddCells   = 0;
+    nAddVerts   = 0;
+
+    forAll(cellShapes, cellI)
+    {
+        const cellShape& shape = cellShapes[cellI];
+        const cellModel& model = shape.model();
+
+        if (model == tet)
+        {
+            cellTypes_[cellI] = foamVtkCore::VTK_TETRA;
+            forAll(shape, i)
+            {
+                vertLabels_[nVertLabels++] = shape[i];
+            }
+            vertOffset_[cellI] = nVertLabels;
+        }
+        else if (model == pyr)
+        {
+            cellTypes_[cellI] = foamVtkCore::VTK_PYRAMID;
+            forAll(shape, i)
+            {
+                vertLabels_[nVertLabels++] = shape[i];
+            }
+            vertOffset_[cellI] = nVertLabels;
+        }
+        else if (model == hex)
+        {
+            cellTypes_[cellI] = foamVtkCore::VTK_HEXAHEDRON;
+            forAll(shape, i)
+            {
+                vertLabels_[nVertLabels++] = shape[i];
+            }
+            vertOffset_[cellI] = nVertLabels;
+        }
+        else if (model == prism)
+        {
+            cellTypes_[cellI] = foamVtkCore::VTK_WEDGE;
+
+            // VTK_WEDGE triangles point outwards (swap 1<->2, 4<->5)
+            vertLabels_[nVertLabels++] = shape[0];
+            vertLabels_[nVertLabels++] = shape[2];
+            vertLabels_[nVertLabels++] = shape[1];
+            vertLabels_[nVertLabels++] = shape[3];
+            vertLabels_[nVertLabels++] = shape[5];
+            vertLabels_[nVertLabels++] = shape[4];
+
+            vertOffset_[cellI] = nVertLabels;
+        }
+        else if (model == tetWedge && decompose_.requested())
+        {
+            // Treat as squeezed prism (VTK_WEDGE)
+            cellTypes_[cellI] = foamVtkCore::VTK_WEDGE;
+
+            vertLabels_[nVertLabels++] = shape[0];
+            vertLabels_[nVertLabels++] = shape[2];
+            vertLabels_[nVertLabels++] = shape[1];
+            vertLabels_[nVertLabels++] = shape[3];
+            vertLabels_[nVertLabels++] = shape[4];
+            vertLabels_[nVertLabels++] = shape[3];
+
+            vertOffset_[cellI] = nVertLabels;
+        }
+        else if (model == wedge && decompose_.requested())
+        {
+            // Treat as squeezed hex
+            cellTypes_[cellI] = foamVtkCore::VTK_HEXAHEDRON;
+
+            vertLabels_[nVertLabels++] = shape[0];
+            vertLabels_[nVertLabels++] = shape[1];
+            vertLabels_[nVertLabels++] = shape[2];
+            vertLabels_[nVertLabels++] = shape[2];
+            vertLabels_[nVertLabels++] = shape[3];
+            vertLabels_[nVertLabels++] = shape[4];
+            vertLabels_[nVertLabels++] = shape[5];
+            vertLabels_[nVertLabels++] = shape[6];
+
+            vertOffset_[cellI] = nVertLabels;
+        }
+        else if (decompose_.requested())
+        {
+            // Polyhedral cell - decompose into tet/pyr.
+
+            // Ensure we have the correct orientation for the base of the
+            // primitive cell shape.
+            // If the cell is face owner, the orientation needs to be flipped
+            // to avoid defining negative cells.
+            // VTK doesn't seem to care, but we'll do it anyhow for safety.
+
+            // The new vertex from the cell-centre
+            const label newVertexLabel = mesh_.nPoints() + nAddPoints;
+
+            // Mapping from additional point to cell
+            decompose_.addPointCellLabels_[nAddPoints++] = cellI;
+
+            // Whether to insert cell in place of original or not.
+            bool first = true;
+
+            const labelList& cFaces = mesh_.cells()[cellI];
+            forAll(cFaces, cFaceI)
+            {
+                const face& f = mesh_.faces()[cFaces[cFaceI]];
+                const bool isOwner = (owner[cFaces[cFaceI]] == cellI);
+
+                // Count triangles/quads in decomposition
+                label nTria = 0;
+                label nQuad = 0;
+                f.nTrianglesQuads(mesh_.points(), nTria, nQuad);
+
+                // Do actual decomposition
+                faceList faces3(nTria);
+                faceList faces4(nQuad);
+                nTria = 0, nQuad = 0;
+                f.trianglesQuads(mesh_.points(), nTria, nQuad, faces3, faces4);
+
+                forAll(faces4, fci)
+                {
+                    const face& quad = faces4[fci];
+
+                    label celLoc;
+                    label vrtLoc;
+
+                    if (first)
+                    {
+                        celLoc = cellI;
+                        vrtLoc = nVertLabels;
+                        nVertLabels += 5;
+
+                        vertOffset_[celLoc] = nVertLabels;
+                        first = false;
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        celLoc = mesh_.nCells() + nAddCells;
+                        vrtLoc = offsetAddVerts  + nAddVerts;
+                        nAddVerts += 5;
+
+                        vertOffset_[celLoc] = nAddVerts;
+                        decompose_.superCells_[nAddCells++] = celLoc;
+                    }
+
+                    cellTypes_[celLoc] = foamVtkCore::VTK_PYRAMID;
+
+                    // See note above about the orientation.
+                    if (isOwner)
+                    {
+                        vertLabels_[vrtLoc++] = quad[3];
+                        vertLabels_[vrtLoc++] = quad[2];
+                        vertLabels_[vrtLoc++] = quad[1];
+                        vertLabels_[vrtLoc++] = quad[0];
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        vertLabels_[vrtLoc++] = quad[0];
+                        vertLabels_[vrtLoc++] = quad[1];
+                        vertLabels_[vrtLoc++] = quad[2];
+                        vertLabels_[vrtLoc++] = quad[3];
+                    }
+
+                    vertLabels_[vrtLoc++] = newVertexLabel;
+                }
+
+                forAll(faces3, fci)
+                {
+                    const face& tria = faces3[fci];
+
+                    label celLoc;
+                    label vrtLoc;
+
+                    if (first)
+                    {
+                        celLoc = cellI;
+                        vrtLoc = nVertLabels;
+                        nVertLabels += 4;
+
+                        vertOffset_[celLoc] = nVertLabels;
+                        first = false;
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        celLoc = mesh_.nCells() + nAddCells;
+                        vrtLoc = offsetAddVerts + nAddVerts;
+                        nAddVerts += 4;
+
+                        vertOffset_[celLoc] = nAddVerts;
+                        decompose_.superCells_[nAddCells++] = celLoc;
+                    }
+
+                    cellTypes_[celLoc] = foamVtkCore::VTK_TETRA;
+
+                    // See note above about the orientation.
+                    if (isOwner)
+                    {
+                        vertLabels_[vrtLoc++] = tria[2];
+                        vertLabels_[vrtLoc++] = tria[1];
+                        vertLabels_[vrtLoc++] = tria[0];
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        vertLabels_[vrtLoc++] = tria[0];
+                        vertLabels_[vrtLoc++] = tria[1];
+                        vertLabels_[vrtLoc++] = tria[2];
+                    }
+                    vertLabels_[vrtLoc++] = newVertexLabel;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            // Polyhedral cell - not decomposed
+
+            hashUniqId.clear();  // unique node ids used (only needed for XML)
+
+            // face-stream
+            //   [nFaces, nFace0Pts, id1, id2, ..., nFace1Pts, id1, id2, ...]
+
+            cellTypes_[cellI] = foamVtkCore::VTK_POLYHEDRON;
+            const labelList& cFaces = mesh_.cells()[cellI];
+
+            faceLabels_[nFaceLabels++] = cFaces.size();
+
+            forAll(cFaces, cFaceI)
+            {
+                const face& f = mesh_.faces()[cFaces[cFaceI]];
+                const bool isOwner = (owner[cFaces[cFaceI]] == cellI);
+
+                forAll(f, fp)
+                {
+                    hashUniqId.insert(f[fp]);
+                }
+
+                // number of labels for this face
+                faceLabels_[nFaceLabels++] = f.size();
+
+                if (isOwner)
+                {
+                    forAll(f, fp)
+                    {
+                        faceLabels_[nFaceLabels++] = f[fp];
+                    }
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    // fairly immaterial if we reverse the list
+                    // or use face::reverseFace()
+                    forAllReverse(f, fp)
+                    {
+                        faceLabels_[nFaceLabels++] = f[fp];
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            faceOffset_[cellI] = nFaceLabels;
+
+            const labelList uniq = hashUniqId.sortedToc();
+            forAll(uniq, i)
+            {
+                vertLabels_[nVertLabels++] = uniq[i];
+            }
+
+            vertOffset_[cellI] = nVertLabels;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // ===========================================
+    // PASS 3: Repair offsets for additional cells
+
+//     Info<<"vertOffset: " << vertOffset_.size() << " VS. " << (mesh_.nCells()) << endl;
+//     Info<<"nAddCells: "  << nAddCells << " VS. " << (mesh_.nCells()) << endl;
+
+    if (nAddCells)
+    {
+        const label beg = mesh_.nCells();
+        const label add = vertOffset_[beg-1];
+
+        for (label i = beg; i < vertOffset_.size(); ++i)
+        {
+            vertOffset_[i] += add;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Some basic programming/sanity checks
+
+    if ((nVertLabels + nAddVerts) != vertOffset_[mesh_.nCells()-1 + nAddCells])
+    {
+        WarningInFunction
+            << "predicted offsets (" << nVertLabels << " + " << nAddVerts << ") != "
+            << vertOffset_[mesh_.nCells()-1 + nAddCells]
+            << endl;
+    }
+
+    if (offsetAddVerts != vertOffset_[mesh_.nCells()-1])
+    {
+        WarningInFunction
+            << "predicted regular offset " << offsetAddVerts
+            << " != " << vertOffset_[mesh_.nCells()]
+            << endl;
+    }
+
+    // nFaceLabels = 0;
+    // nAddPoints  = 0;
+    // nAddCells   = 0;
+
+    // Pout<<"vertLabels: " << vertLabels_.size() << " vs. " << (nVertLabels + nAddVerts) << endl;
+    // Pout<<"faceLabels: " << faceLabels_.size() << " vs. " << nFaceLabels << endl;
+#if 0
+    if (decompose_.requested())
+    {
+        Pout<< "    Original cells:" << mesh_.nCells()
+            << " points:" << mesh_.nPoints()
+            << " Additional cells:" << decompose_.superCells_.size()
+            << " additional points:" << decompose_.addPointCellLabels_.size()
+            << nl << endl;
+    }
+#endif
+}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Constructors  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+Foam::foamVtkCells::decomp::decomp(const bool decomposePoly)
+:
+    addPointCellLabels_(),
+    superCells_(),
+    pointMap_(),
+    requested_(decomposePoly)
+{}
+
+
+Foam::foamVtkCells::foamVtkCells
+(
+    const polyMesh& mesh,
+    const bool decomposePoly,
+    const bool lazy
+)
+:
+    mesh_(mesh),
+    cellTypes_(),
+    vertLabels_(),
+    vertOffset_(),
+    faceLabels_(),
+    faceOffset_(),
+    decompose_(decomposePoly),
+    needsUpdate_(true)
+{
+    if (!lazy)
+    {
+        correct();
+    }
+}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Destructor  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+Foam::foamVtkCells::decomp::~decomp()
+{}
+
+
+Foam::foamVtkCells::~foamVtkCells()
+{}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Member Functions  * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+
+void Foam::foamVtkCells::decomp::clear()
+{
+    superCells_.clear();
+    addPointCellLabels_.clear();
+    pointMap_.clear();
+}
+
+
+Foam::label Foam::foamVtkCells::nFieldPoints() const
+{
+    return mesh_.nPoints() + decompose_.addPointCellLabels_.size();
+}
+
+
+Foam::label Foam::foamVtkCells::legacyCellPayLoad() const
+{
+    label payLoad = cellTypes_.size();
+
+    if (faceOffset_.size())
+    {
+        // also has polys with face streams
+
+        label begVert = 0;
+        label begFace = 0;
+
+        forAll(faceOffset_, i)
+        {
+            label endFace = faceOffset_[i];
+            label endVert = vertOffset_[i];
+
+            if (endFace > 0)
+            {
+                // poly with face stream
+                payLoad += endFace - begFace;
+
+                begFace = endFace;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                // primitive without face stream
+                payLoad += endVert - begVert;
+            }
+            begVert = endVert;
+        }
+    }
+    else if (vertOffset_.size())
+    {
+        // primitives only, trivial
+        payLoad += vertOffset_[vertOffset_.size()-1];
+    }
+
+    return payLoad;
+}
+
+
+bool Foam::foamVtkCells::needsUpdate() const
+{
+    return needsUpdate_;
+}
+
+
+bool Foam::foamVtkCells::expire()
+{
+    // Clear any stored topologies
+
+    // Clear derived data
+    // clearGeom();
+
+    // already marked as expired
+    if (needsUpdate_)
+    {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    needsUpdate_ = true;
+    return true;
+}
+
+
+bool Foam::foamVtkCells::update()
+{
+    if (!needsUpdate_)
+    {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    correct();
+
+    needsUpdate_ = false;
+    return true;
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/src/conversion/vtk/part/foamVtkCells.H b/src/conversion/vtk/part/foamVtkCells.H
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..692614a4b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/conversion/vtk/part/foamVtkCells.H
@@ -0,0 +1,350 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     |
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011-2016 OpenCFD Ltd.
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+Class
+    Foam::foamVtkCells
+
+Description
+    The deep-copy description of an OpenFOAM volume mesh in data structures
+    corresponding to an VTK UnstructuredGrid, including the possiblity of
+    decomposing polyhedral cells into primitive cell types.
+
+    Knowledge of the vtkUnstructuredGrid and the corresponding \c .vtu
+    xml file-format aids in understanding this class.
+    For flexibilty, support for the legacy vtk file-format is also provided.
+
+    Primitive cell types are straighforward, polyhedral cells are represented
+    by a face stream:
+    \verbatim
+        [nFaces, nFace0Pts, id1, id2, ..., nFace1Pts, id1, id2, ...]
+    \endverbatim
+
+    For the legacy format, the face stream is simply passed as vertex labels
+    (connectivity).
+
+    For the xml format, the face stream is saved separately:
+    \verbatim
+        "connectivity"
+        == the unique vertex labels used by the cell (optionally sorted).
+
+        "offsets":
+        == offset + sizeof(connectivity)
+
+        "faces":
+        [nFaces, nFace0Pts, id1, id2, ..., nFace1Pts, id1, id2, ...]
+
+        "faceoffsets":
+        == faceoffsets + sizeof(faces)
+    \endverbatim
+
+    The storage of "connectivity" and "offsets" strongly resembles a
+    CompactListList, but the "offsets" point to the end of the respective
+    sub-lists.
+
+SourceFiles
+    foamVtkCells.C
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef foamVtkCells_H
+#define foamVtkCells_H
+
+#include "foamVtkCore.H"
+#include "DynamicList.H"
+#include "SubList.H"
+#include "labelList.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+
+// Forward declaration of classes
+class polyMesh;
+
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+                      Class foamVtkCells Declaration
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+class foamVtkCells
+:
+    public fileFormats::foamVtkCore
+{
+public:
+
+    //- Bookkeeping for polyhedral cell decomposition
+    class decomp
+    {
+    private:
+        friend foamVtkCells;
+
+        // Private data
+
+            //- Cell-centre labels for additional points of decomposed cells
+            DynamicList<label> addPointCellLabels_;
+
+            //- Label of original cell for decomposed cells
+            DynamicList<label> superCells_;
+
+            //- Point labels for subsetted meshes
+            DynamicList<label> pointMap_;
+
+            //- Track if decomposition was requested
+            const bool requested_;
+
+
+        // Private Member Functions
+
+            //- Disallow default bitwise copy construct
+            decomp(const decomp&) = delete;
+
+            //- Disallow default bitwise assignment
+            void operator=(const decomp&) = delete;
+
+    public:
+
+        // Constructors
+
+            //- Construct null
+            decomp(const bool decomposePoly = false);
+
+
+        //- Destructor
+        ~decomp();
+
+
+        // Member Functions
+
+        // Access
+
+            //- Polyhedral decomposition requested
+            inline bool requested() const;
+
+            //- Polyhedral decomposition used
+            inline bool used() const;
+
+            //- Label of original cell for decomposed cells
+            inline const labelList& superCells() const;
+
+            //- Cell-centre labels for additional points of decomposed cells
+            inline const labelList& addPointCellLabels() const;
+
+            //- Point labels for subsetted meshes
+            inline const labelList& pointMap() const;
+
+
+        // Edit
+
+            //- Clear
+            void clear();
+    };
+
+
+private:
+
+    // Private data
+
+        //- Reference to underlying mesh or mesh sub-set
+        const polyMesh& mesh_;
+
+        //- Cell types (including added cells) in vtk numbering
+        //  Range is 1-255
+        List<uint8_t> cellTypes_;
+
+        //- Vertices per cell (including added cells) in vtk ordering
+        DynamicList<label> vertLabels_;
+
+        //- Vertices per cell (including added cells) in vtk ordering
+        DynamicList<label> vertOffset_;
+
+        //- Face lists per polyhedral cell
+        DynamicList<label> faceLabels_;
+
+        //- Face label offsets
+        DynamicList<label> faceOffset_;
+
+        //- Bookkeeping for polyhedral cell decomposition
+        decomp decompose_;
+
+        //- Needs update
+        bool needsUpdate_;
+
+
+
+    // Private Member Functions
+
+        //- Create the geometry
+        void correct();
+
+        //- Disallow default bitwise copy construct
+        foamVtkCells(const foamVtkCells&) = delete;
+
+        //- Disallow default bitwise assignment
+        void operator=(const foamVtkCells&) = delete;
+
+
+public:
+
+    // Constructors
+
+        //- Construct from components.
+        //  Optionally with polyhedral decomposition and/or lazy evaluation.
+        //  A 'lazy' evaluation avoids fully creation within the constructor.
+        foamVtkCells
+        (
+            const polyMesh&,
+            const bool decomposePoly = false,
+            const bool lazy = false
+        );
+
+
+    //- Destructor
+    ~foamVtkCells();
+
+
+    // Member Functions
+
+        // Access
+
+            //- Query the poly decompose flag.
+            inline bool decomposeRequested() const;
+
+            //- Values for "connectivity" (XML) or basis for "CELLS" (legacy)
+            //  In the legacy format, the size (offset) must be prefixed.
+            inline const labelList& vertLabels() const;
+
+            //- Values for "offsets" (XML)
+            //  or sizes to prefix for for "CELLS" (legacy)
+            inline const labelList& vertOffsets() const;
+
+            //- Values for "types" (XML) and "CELL_TYPES" (legacy)
+            inline const List<uint8_t>& cellTypes() const;
+
+            //- Values for "faces" (XML)
+            inline const labelList& faceLabels() const;
+
+            //- Values for "faceoffsets" (XML)
+            inline const labelList& faceOffsets() const;
+
+            //- Additional point addressing (from added point to original cell)
+            inline const labelList& addPointCellLabels() const;
+
+            //- Additional cells mapping (from added cell to original cell)
+            inline const labelList& superCells() const;
+
+
+            //- Number of field cells
+            inline label nFieldCells() const;
+
+            //- Number of field points
+            label nFieldPoints() const;
+
+            //- The field size for legacy "CELLS".
+            //  In the legacy format, the size (offset) must be prefixed.
+            label legacyCellPayLoad() const;
+
+
+        //- Does the mapping need an update?
+        bool needsUpdate() const;
+
+        //- Mark as needing an update.
+        //  May also free up unneeded data.
+        //  Return false if it was already marked as expired.
+        bool expire();
+
+        //- Update the description (and decomposition) as required.
+        //  Do nothing (and return false) if no update was required
+        bool update();
+
+
+        //- The const_iterator for foamVtkCells
+        class const_iterator
+        {
+            friend class foamVtkCells;
+
+        protected:
+
+            // Protected Data
+
+                //- Reference to parent list
+                const foamVtkCells& parent_;
+
+                //- Element index
+                label index_;
+
+                //- Begin of connectivity sub-list
+                mutable label begVert_;
+
+                //- Begin of faces sub-list
+                mutable label begFace_;
+
+                //- On-demand legacy pointer
+                mutable autoPtr<SubList<label>> legacy_;
+
+
+            // Constructors
+
+                //- Construct begin/end iterator
+                inline const_iterator
+                (
+                    const foamVtkCells&,
+                    bool isEnd = false
+                );
+
+        public:
+
+            // Member operators
+
+                //- On-demand legacy cell labels (primitive or faces)
+                inline const labelUList& legacyCell() const;
+
+                //- Compare position
+                inline bool operator!=(const const_iterator&) const;
+
+                //- Pre-increment iterator
+                inline const_iterator& operator++();
+        };
+
+
+        //- const_iterator set to the beginning
+        inline const_iterator begin() const;
+
+        //- const_iterator set to beyond the end
+        inline const_iterator end() const;
+
+};
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+} // End namespace Foam
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+#include "foamVtkCellsI.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+#endif
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/src/conversion/vtk/part/foamVtkCellsI.H b/src/conversion/vtk/part/foamVtkCellsI.H
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5973f5113e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/conversion/vtk/part/foamVtkCellsI.H
@@ -0,0 +1,239 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     |
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2016 OpenCFD Ltd.
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "foamVtkCells.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+inline bool Foam::foamVtkCells::decomp::requested() const
+{
+    return requested_;
+}
+
+
+inline bool Foam::foamVtkCells::decomp::used() const
+{
+    return !superCells_.empty();
+}
+
+
+inline const Foam::labelList&
+Foam::foamVtkCells::decomp::superCells() const
+{
+    return superCells_;
+}
+
+
+inline const Foam::labelList&
+Foam::foamVtkCells::decomp::addPointCellLabels() const
+{
+    return addPointCellLabels_;
+}
+
+
+inline const Foam::labelList&
+Foam::foamVtkCells::decomp::pointMap() const
+{
+    return pointMap_;
+}
+
+
+inline bool Foam::foamVtkCells::decomposeRequested() const
+{
+    return decompose_.requested();
+}
+
+
+inline const Foam::labelList&
+Foam::foamVtkCells::vertLabels() const
+{
+    return vertLabels_;
+}
+
+
+inline const Foam::labelList&
+Foam::foamVtkCells::vertOffsets() const
+{
+    return vertOffset_;
+}
+
+
+inline const Foam::List<uint8_t>&
+Foam::foamVtkCells::cellTypes() const
+{
+    return cellTypes_;
+}
+
+
+inline const Foam::labelList&
+Foam::foamVtkCells::faceLabels() const
+{
+    return faceLabels_;
+}
+
+
+inline const Foam::labelList&
+Foam::foamVtkCells::faceOffsets() const
+{
+    return faceOffset_;
+}
+
+
+inline const Foam::labelList&
+Foam::foamVtkCells::addPointCellLabels() const
+{
+    return decompose_.addPointCellLabels();
+}
+
+
+inline const Foam::labelList&
+Foam::foamVtkCells::superCells() const
+{
+    return decompose_.superCells();
+}
+
+
+inline Foam::label
+Foam::foamVtkCells::nFieldCells() const
+{
+    return cellTypes_.size();
+}
+
+
+inline Foam::foamVtkCells::const_iterator
+Foam::foamVtkCells::begin() const
+{
+    return const_iterator(*this);
+}
+
+
+inline Foam::foamVtkCells::const_iterator
+Foam::foamVtkCells::end() const
+{
+    return const_iterator(*this, true);
+}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Iterators * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+inline Foam::foamVtkCells::const_iterator::const_iterator
+(
+    const foamVtkCells& cells,
+    bool isEnd
+)
+:
+    parent_(cells),
+    index_(0),
+    begVert_(0),
+    begFace_(0),
+    legacy_()
+{
+    if (isEnd)
+    {
+        index_ = parent_.vertOffsets().size();
+    }
+}
+
+
+inline
+Foam::foamVtkCells::const_iterator&
+Foam::foamVtkCells::const_iterator::operator++()
+{
+    ++index_;
+    legacy_.clear();
+
+    return *this;
+}
+
+
+inline
+const Foam::UList<Foam::label>&
+Foam::foamVtkCells::const_iterator::legacyCell() const
+{
+    if
+    (
+        legacy_.valid()
+     || index_ >= parent_.vertOffsets().size()
+    )
+    {
+        return legacy_();
+    }
+
+    const label endVert = parent_.vertOffsets()[index_];
+
+    const label endFace =
+    (
+        parent_.faceOffsets().size()
+      ? parent_.faceOffsets()[index_]
+      : -1
+    );
+
+    if (endFace > 0)
+    {
+        // poly with face stream
+
+        legacy_.reset
+        (
+            new SubList<label>
+            (
+                parent_.faceLabels(),
+                endFace - begFace_,
+                begFace_
+            )
+        );
+
+        begFace_ = endFace;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        // primitive without face stream
+        legacy_.reset
+        (
+            new SubList<label>
+            (
+                parent_.vertLabels(),
+                endVert - begVert_,
+                begVert_
+            )
+        );
+    }
+
+    begVert_ = endVert;
+
+    return legacy_();
+}
+
+
+inline bool
+Foam::foamVtkCells::const_iterator::operator!=
+(
+    const const_iterator& rhs
+) const
+{
+    return (index_ != rhs.index_);
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/src/fileFormats/Make/files b/src/fileFormats/Make/files
index 4be2605bd8..8919e3392d 100644
--- a/src/fileFormats/Make/files
+++ b/src/fileFormats/Make/files
@@ -11,7 +11,16 @@ nas/NASCore.C
 fire/FIRECore.C
 starcd/STARCDCore.C
 
-vtk/vtkUnstructuredReader.C
+vtk/foamVtkCore.C
+vtk/format/foamVtkAppendBase64Formatter.C
+vtk/format/foamVtkAppendRawFormatter.C
+vtk/format/foamVtkAsciiFormatter.C
+vtk/format/foamVtkBase64Formatter.C
+vtk/format/foamVtkLegacyFormatter.C
+vtk/format/foamVtkFormatter.C
+vtk/format/foamVtkOutputOptions.C
+vtk/read/vtkUnstructuredReader.C
+vtk/type/foamVtkPTraits.C
 
 coordSet/coordSet.C
 
diff --git a/src/fileFormats/vtk/foamVtkCore.C b/src/fileFormats/vtk/foamVtkCore.C
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2450c02b7b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/fileFormats/vtk/foamVtkCore.C
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     |
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2016 OpenCFD Ltd.
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "foamVtkCore.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Static Data Members * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Constructors  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+Foam::fileFormats::foamVtkCore::foamVtkCore()
+{}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * *  Protected Member Functions * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Member Functions  * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+/*
+Foam::fileName Foam::fileFormats::foamVtkCore::vtkFileName
+(
+    const fileName& base,
+    const enum fileExt ext
+)
+{
+    return base + '.' + fileExtensions_[ext];
+}
+*/
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/src/fileFormats/vtk/foamVtkCore.H b/src/fileFormats/vtk/foamVtkCore.H
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..adcdc00871
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/fileFormats/vtk/foamVtkCore.H
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     |
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2016 OpenCFD Ltd.
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+Class
+    Foam::foamVtkCore
+
+Description
+    Core routines for dealing with VTK files.
+
+SourceFiles
+    foamVtkCore.C
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef foamVtkCore_H
+#define foamVtkCore_H
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+
+namespace fileFormats
+{
+
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+                  Class fileFormats::foamVtkCore Declaration
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+class foamVtkCore
+{
+public:
+
+    // Public Data, Declarations
+
+        //- The context when outputting a VTK file (XML or legacy).
+        enum OutputContext
+        {
+            INLINE,     //<! Generate header and inline data
+            HEADER,     //<! Generate header only
+            APPEND      //<! Generate append-data
+        };
+
+
+        //- Equivalent to enumeration in "vtkCellType.h"
+        enum vtkTypes
+        {
+            VTK_EMPTY_CELL       = 0,
+            VTK_VERTEX           = 1,
+            VTK_POLY_VERTEX      = 2,
+            VTK_LINE             = 3,
+            VTK_POLY_LINE        = 4,
+            VTK_TRIANGLE         = 5,
+            VTK_TRIANGLE_STRIP   = 6,
+            VTK_POLYGON          = 7,
+            VTK_PIXEL            = 8,
+            VTK_QUAD             = 9,
+            VTK_TETRA            = 10,
+            VTK_VOXEL            = 11,
+            VTK_HEXAHEDRON       = 12,
+            VTK_WEDGE            = 13,
+            VTK_PYRAMID          = 14,
+            VTK_PENTAGONAL_PRISM = 15,
+            VTK_HEXAGONAL_PRISM  = 16,
+            VTK_POLYHEDRON       = 42
+        };
+
+
+protected:
+
+    // Constructors
+
+        //- Construct null
+        foamVtkCore();
+
+};
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+} // End namespace fileFormats
+
+} // End namespace Foam
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+#endif
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/src/fileFormats/vtk/format/foamVtkAppendBase64Formatter.C b/src/fileFormats/vtk/format/foamVtkAppendBase64Formatter.C
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ee8b84200f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/fileFormats/vtk/format/foamVtkAppendBase64Formatter.C
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     |
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2016 OpenCFD Ltd.
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "foamVtkAppendBase64Formatter.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Static Data Members * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+const char* Foam::foamVtkAppendBase64Formatter::name_     = "append";
+const char* Foam::foamVtkAppendBase64Formatter::encoding_ = "base64";
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Constructors  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+Foam::foamVtkAppendBase64Formatter::foamVtkAppendBase64Formatter
+(
+    std::ostream& os
+)
+:
+    foamVtkBase64Formatter(os)
+{}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Destructor  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+Foam::foamVtkAppendBase64Formatter::~foamVtkAppendBase64Formatter()
+{}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Member Functions  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+const char* Foam::foamVtkAppendBase64Formatter::name() const
+{
+    return name_;
+}
+
+
+const char* Foam::foamVtkAppendBase64Formatter::encoding() const
+{
+    return encoding_;
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/src/fileFormats/vtk/format/foamVtkAppendBase64Formatter.H b/src/fileFormats/vtk/format/foamVtkAppendBase64Formatter.H
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b7239ee7c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/fileFormats/vtk/format/foamVtkAppendBase64Formatter.H
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     |
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2016 OpenCFD Ltd.
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+Class
+    foamVtkAppendBase64Formatter
+
+Description
+    Appended base-64 encoded binary output.
+    Uses an output filter layer to write base-64 encoded content.
+
+SourceFiles
+    foamVtkAppendBase64Formatter.C
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef foamVtkAppendBase64Formatter_H
+#define foamVtkAppendBase64Formatter_H
+
+#include "foamVtkBase64Formatter.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+                Class foamVtkAppendBase64Formatter Declaration
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+class foamVtkAppendBase64Formatter
+:
+    public foamVtkBase64Formatter
+{
+    // Private Data Members
+
+        static const char* name_;
+        static const char* encoding_;
+
+
+    // Private Member Functions
+
+    //- Disallow default bitwise copy construct
+    foamVtkAppendBase64Formatter(const foamVtkAppendBase64Formatter&) = delete;
+
+    //- Disallow default bitwise assignment
+    void operator=(const foamVtkAppendBase64Formatter&) = delete;
+
+
+public:
+
+    // Constructors
+
+        //- Construct and attach to an output stream
+        foamVtkAppendBase64Formatter(std::ostream&);
+
+
+    //- Destructor
+    virtual ~foamVtkAppendBase64Formatter();
+
+
+    // Member Functions
+
+        //- Output name for XML type ("append")
+        virtual const char* name() const;
+
+        //- Name for the XML append encoding ("base64").
+        virtual const char* encoding() const;
+
+};
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+} // End namespace Foam
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+#endif
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/src/fileFormats/vtk/format/foamVtkAppendRawFormatter.C b/src/fileFormats/vtk/format/foamVtkAppendRawFormatter.C
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9933970495
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/fileFormats/vtk/format/foamVtkAppendRawFormatter.C
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     |
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2016 OpenCFD Ltd.
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "foamVtkAppendRawFormatter.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Static Data Members * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+const char* Foam::foamVtkAppendRawFormatter::name_     = "append";
+const char* Foam::foamVtkAppendRawFormatter::encoding_ = "raw";
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * Protected Member Functions  * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+void Foam::foamVtkAppendRawFormatter::write
+(
+    const char* s,
+    std::streamsize n
+)
+{
+    os().write(s, n);
+}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Constructors  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+Foam::foamVtkAppendRawFormatter::foamVtkAppendRawFormatter(std::ostream& os)
+:
+    foamVtkFormatter(os)
+{}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Destructor  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+Foam::foamVtkAppendRawFormatter::~foamVtkAppendRawFormatter()
+{}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Member Functions  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+const char* Foam::foamVtkAppendRawFormatter::name() const
+{
+    return name_;
+}
+
+
+const char* Foam::foamVtkAppendRawFormatter::encoding() const
+{
+    return encoding_;
+}
+
+
+void Foam::foamVtkAppendRawFormatter::writeSize(const uint64_t val)
+{
+    write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&val), sizeof(uint64_t));
+}
+
+
+void Foam::foamVtkAppendRawFormatter::write(const uint8_t val)
+{
+    write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&val), sizeof(uint8_t));
+}
+
+
+void Foam::foamVtkAppendRawFormatter::write(const label val)
+{
+    // std::cerr<<"label is:" << sizeof(val) << '\n';
+    write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&val), sizeof(label));
+}
+
+
+void Foam::foamVtkAppendRawFormatter::write(const float val)
+{
+    // std::cerr<<"float is:" << sizeof(val) << '\n';
+    write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&val), sizeof(float));
+}
+
+
+void Foam::foamVtkAppendRawFormatter::write(const double val)
+{
+    // std::cerr<<"write double as float:" << val << '\n';
+    float copy(val);
+    write(copy);
+}
+
+
+void Foam::foamVtkAppendRawFormatter::flush()
+{}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/src/fileFormats/vtk/format/foamVtkAppendRawFormatter.H b/src/fileFormats/vtk/format/foamVtkAppendRawFormatter.H
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..abc3db0929
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/fileFormats/vtk/format/foamVtkAppendRawFormatter.H
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     |
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2016 OpenCFD Ltd.
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+Class
+    foamVtkAppendRawFormatter
+
+Description
+    Appended raw binary output.
+
+SourceFiles
+    foamVtkAppendRawFormatter.C
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef foamVtkAppendRawFormatter_H
+#define foamVtkAppendRawFormatter_H
+
+#include "foamVtkFormatter.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+                  Class foamVtkAppendRawFormatter Declaration
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+class foamVtkAppendRawFormatter
+:
+    public foamVtkFormatter
+{
+    // Private Data Members
+
+        static const char* name_;
+        static const char* encoding_;
+
+    // Private Member Functions
+
+        //- Disallow default bitwise copy construct
+        foamVtkAppendRawFormatter(const foamVtkAppendRawFormatter&) = delete;
+
+        //- Disallow default bitwise assignment
+        void operator=(const foamVtkAppendRawFormatter&) = delete;
+
+
+protected:
+
+    // Protected Member Functions
+
+        //- Write
+        void write(const char* s, std::streamsize n);
+
+
+public:
+
+    // Constructors
+
+        //- Construct and attach to an output stream
+        foamVtkAppendRawFormatter(std::ostream&);
+
+
+    //- Destructor
+    virtual ~foamVtkAppendRawFormatter();
+
+
+    // Member Functions
+
+        //- Output name for XML type ("append")
+        virtual const char* name() const;
+
+        //- Output name for append encoding type ("raw")
+        virtual const char* encoding() const;
+
+
+        //- Write leading size for binary output
+        virtual void writeSize(const uint64_t);
+
+        virtual void write(const uint8_t);
+        virtual void write(const label);
+        virtual void write(const float);
+        virtual void write(const double);
+        virtual void flush();
+
+};
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+} // End namespace Foam
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+#endif
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/src/fileFormats/vtk/format/foamVtkAsciiFormatter.C b/src/fileFormats/vtk/format/foamVtkAsciiFormatter.C
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6a78f73f53
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/fileFormats/vtk/format/foamVtkAsciiFormatter.C
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     |
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2016 OpenCFD Ltd.
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "foamVtkAsciiFormatter.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Static Data Members * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+const char* Foam::foamVtkAsciiFormatter::name_ = "ascii";
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * Private Member Functions  * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+inline void Foam::foamVtkAsciiFormatter::next()
+{
+    if (pos_ == 6)
+    {
+        os()<< '\n';
+        pos_ = 0;
+    }
+    else if (pos_)
+    {
+        os()<< ' ';
+    }
+    ++pos_;
+}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Constructors  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+Foam::foamVtkAsciiFormatter::foamVtkAsciiFormatter(std::ostream& os)
+:
+    foamVtkFormatter(os),
+    pos_(0)
+{}
+
+
+Foam::foamVtkAsciiFormatter::foamVtkAsciiFormatter
+(
+    std::ostream& os,
+    unsigned precision
+)
+:
+    foamVtkFormatter(os),
+    pos_(0)
+{
+    os.precision(precision);
+}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Destructor  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+Foam::foamVtkAsciiFormatter::~foamVtkAsciiFormatter()
+{
+    flush();
+}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Member Functions  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+const char* Foam::foamVtkAsciiFormatter::name() const
+{
+    return name_;
+}
+
+
+const char* Foam::foamVtkAsciiFormatter::encoding() const
+{
+    return name_;
+}
+
+
+void Foam::foamVtkAsciiFormatter::writeSize(const uint64_t)
+{/*nop*/}
+
+
+void Foam::foamVtkAsciiFormatter::write(const uint8_t val)
+{
+    next();
+    os()<< int(val);
+}
+
+
+void Foam::foamVtkAsciiFormatter::write(const label val)
+{
+    next();
+    os()<< val;
+}
+
+
+void Foam::foamVtkAsciiFormatter::write(const float val)
+{
+    next();
+    os()<< val;
+}
+
+
+void Foam::foamVtkAsciiFormatter::write(const double val)
+{
+    next();
+    os()<< float(val);
+}
+
+
+void Foam::foamVtkAsciiFormatter::flush()
+{
+    if (pos_)
+    {
+        os()<< '\n';
+    }
+    pos_ = 0;
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/src/fileFormats/vtk/format/foamVtkAsciiFormatter.H b/src/fileFormats/vtk/format/foamVtkAsciiFormatter.H
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..009d776f89
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/fileFormats/vtk/format/foamVtkAsciiFormatter.H
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     |
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2016 OpenCFD Ltd.
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+Class
+    foamVtkAsciiFormatter
+
+Description
+    Inline ASCII binary output.
+    Adds spaces between entries and a newline every 6 items
+    (for consistency with what VTK itself outputs).
+
+SourceFiles
+    foamVtkAsciiFormatter.C
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef foamVtkAsciiFormatter_H
+#define foamVtkAsciiFormatter_H
+
+#include "foamVtkFormatter.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+                    Class foamVtkAsciiFormatter Declaration
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+class foamVtkAsciiFormatter
+:
+    public foamVtkFormatter
+{
+    // Private Data Members
+
+        static const char* name_;
+
+        //- Track the current output position
+        unsigned short pos_;
+
+
+    // Private Member Functions
+
+        //- Advance to next position, adding space or newline as required
+        inline void next();
+
+
+        //- Disallow default bitwise copy construct
+        foamVtkAsciiFormatter(const foamVtkAsciiFormatter&) = delete;
+
+        //- Disallow default bitwise assignment
+        void operator=(const foamVtkAsciiFormatter&) = delete;
+
+
+public:
+
+    // Constructors
+
+        //- Construct and attach to an output stream, use default precision
+        foamVtkAsciiFormatter(std::ostream&);
+
+        //- Construct and attach to an output stream, use specified precision
+        foamVtkAsciiFormatter(std::ostream&, unsigned precision);
+
+
+    //- Destructor
+    virtual ~foamVtkAsciiFormatter();
+
+
+    // Member Functions
+
+        //- Name for the XML output type ("ascii")
+        //  The legacy output type is an uppercase version of this.
+        virtual const char* name() const;
+
+        //- Name for the XML append encoding - unused.
+        //  Currently simply "ASCII", but this should not be relied upon.
+        virtual const char* encoding() const;
+
+
+        //- Write leading size - this is a no-op for ascii output
+        virtual void writeSize(const uint64_t);
+
+        virtual void write(const uint8_t);
+        virtual void write(const label);
+        virtual void write(const float);
+        virtual void write(const double);
+        virtual void flush();
+};
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+} // End namespace Foam
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+#endif
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/src/fileFormats/vtk/format/foamVtkBase64Formatter.C b/src/fileFormats/vtk/format/foamVtkBase64Formatter.C
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a11d97bd49
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/fileFormats/vtk/format/foamVtkBase64Formatter.C
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     |
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2016 OpenCFD Ltd.
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "foamVtkBase64Formatter.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Static Data Members * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+const char* Foam::foamVtkBase64Formatter::name_     = "binary";
+const char* Foam::foamVtkBase64Formatter::encoding_ = "base64";
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * Protected Member Functions  * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+void Foam::foamVtkBase64Formatter::write
+(
+    const char* s,
+    std::streamsize n
+)
+{
+    base64Layer::write(s, n);
+}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Constructors  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+Foam::foamVtkBase64Formatter::foamVtkBase64Formatter(std::ostream& os)
+:
+    foamVtkFormatter(os),
+    base64Layer(os)
+{}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Destructor  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+Foam::foamVtkBase64Formatter::~foamVtkBase64Formatter()
+{
+    flush();
+}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Member Functions  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+const char* Foam::foamVtkBase64Formatter::name() const
+{
+    return name_;
+}
+
+
+const char* Foam::foamVtkBase64Formatter::encoding() const
+{
+    return encoding_;
+}
+
+
+void Foam::foamVtkBase64Formatter::writeSize(const uint64_t val)
+{
+    write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&val), sizeof(uint64_t));
+}
+
+
+void Foam::foamVtkBase64Formatter::write(const uint8_t val)
+{
+    base64Layer::add(val);
+}
+
+
+void Foam::foamVtkBase64Formatter::write(const label val)
+{
+    // std::cerr<<"label is:" << sizeof(val) << '\n';
+    write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&val), sizeof(label));
+}
+
+
+void Foam::foamVtkBase64Formatter::write(const float val)
+{
+    // std::cerr<<"float is:" << sizeof(val) << '\n';
+    write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&val), sizeof(float));
+}
+
+
+void Foam::foamVtkBase64Formatter::write(const double val)
+{
+    // std::cerr<<"write double as float:" << val << '\n';
+    float copy(val);
+    write(copy);
+}
+
+
+void Foam::foamVtkBase64Formatter::flush()
+{
+    if (base64Layer::close())
+    {
+        os().put('\n');
+    }
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/src/fileFormats/vtk/format/foamVtkBase64Formatter.H b/src/fileFormats/vtk/format/foamVtkBase64Formatter.H
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f01bec3d9a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/fileFormats/vtk/format/foamVtkBase64Formatter.H
@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     |
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2016 OpenCFD Ltd.
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+Class
+    foamVtkBase64Formatter
+
+Description
+    Inline base-64 encoded binary output.
+    Uses an output filter layer to write base-64 encoded content.
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef foamVtkBase64Formatter_H
+#define foamVtkBase64Formatter_H
+
+#include "foamVtkFormatter.H"
+#include "base64Layer.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+                   Class foamVtkBase64Formatter Declaration
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+class foamVtkBase64Formatter
+:
+    public foamVtkFormatter,
+    private base64Layer
+{
+    // Private Data Members
+
+        static const char* name_;
+        static const char* encoding_;
+
+
+    // Private Member Functions
+
+        //- Disallow default bitwise copy construct
+        foamVtkBase64Formatter(const foamVtkBase64Formatter&) = delete;
+
+        //- Disallow default bitwise assignment
+        void operator=(const foamVtkBase64Formatter&) = delete;
+
+protected:
+
+    // Protected Member Functions
+
+        //- Write
+        void write(const char* s, std::streamsize n);
+
+
+public:
+
+    // Constructors
+
+        //- Construct and attach to an output stream
+        foamVtkBase64Formatter(std::ostream&);
+
+
+    //- Destructor
+    virtual ~foamVtkBase64Formatter();
+
+
+    // Member Functions
+
+        //- Name for the XML output type ("binary")
+        //  The lowercase version of the Legacy output type.
+        virtual const char* name() const;
+
+        //- Name for the XML append encoding.
+        virtual const char* encoding() const;
+
+
+        //- Write leading size for binary output
+        virtual void writeSize(const uint64_t);
+
+        virtual void write(const uint8_t);
+        virtual void write(const label);
+        virtual void write(const float);
+        virtual void write(const double);
+        virtual void flush();
+
+};
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+} // End namespace Foam
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+#endif
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/src/fileFormats/vtk/format/foamVtkFormatter.C b/src/fileFormats/vtk/format/foamVtkFormatter.C
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b204ad2279
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/fileFormats/vtk/format/foamVtkFormatter.C
@@ -0,0 +1,315 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     |
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2016 OpenCFD Ltd.
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "foamVtkFormatter.H"
+#include "foamVtkPTraits.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Static Data Members * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+const char* const Foam::foamVtkFormatter::byteOrder
+    = Foam::foamVtkPTraits<endian>::typeName;
+
+const char* const Foam::foamVtkFormatter::headerType =
+    Foam::foamVtkPTraits<uint64_t>::typeName;
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Constructors  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+Foam::foamVtkFormatter::foamVtkFormatter(std::ostream& os)
+:
+    os_(os),
+    xmlTags_(),
+    inTag_(false)
+{}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Destructor  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+Foam::foamVtkFormatter::~foamVtkFormatter()
+{}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Member Functions  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+void Foam::foamVtkFormatter::indent()
+{
+    label n = xmlTags_.size() * 2;
+    while (n--)
+    {
+        os_ << ' ';
+    }
+}
+
+
+Foam::foamVtkFormatter&
+Foam::foamVtkFormatter::xmlHeader()
+{
+    if (inTag_)
+    {
+        WarningInFunction
+            << "xml header, but already within a tag!"
+            << endl;
+    }
+
+    os_ << "<?xml version='1.0'?>" << nl;
+
+    return *this;
+}
+
+
+Foam::foamVtkFormatter&
+Foam::foamVtkFormatter::comment(const std::string& text)
+{
+    if (inTag_)
+    {
+        WarningInFunction
+            << "adding xml comment inside a tag??"
+            << endl;
+    }
+
+    indent();
+    os_ << "<!-- " << text << " -->" << nl;
+
+    return *this;
+}
+
+
+Foam::foamVtkFormatter&
+Foam::foamVtkFormatter::openTag(const word& tag)
+{
+    if (inTag_)
+    {
+        WarningInFunction
+            << "open XML tag '" << tag << "', but already within a tag!"
+            << endl;
+    }
+
+    indent();
+    os_ << '<' << tag;
+
+    xmlTags_.push(tag);
+    inTag_ = true;
+
+    return *this;
+}
+
+
+Foam::foamVtkFormatter&
+Foam::foamVtkFormatter::closeTag(bool isEmpty)
+{
+    if (!inTag_)
+    {
+        WarningInFunction
+            << "close XML tag, but not within a tag!"
+            << endl;
+    }
+
+    if (isEmpty)
+    {
+        // eg, <tag ... />
+        xmlTags_.pop();
+        os_ << " /";
+    }
+    os_ << '>' << nl;
+
+    inTag_ = false;
+
+    return *this;
+}
+
+
+Foam::foamVtkFormatter&
+Foam::foamVtkFormatter::tag(const word& tag)
+{
+    openTag(tag);
+    closeTag();
+
+    return *this;
+}
+
+
+
+Foam::foamVtkFormatter&
+Foam::foamVtkFormatter::endTag(const word& tag)
+{
+    const word curr = xmlTags_.pop();
+    indent();
+
+    if (inTag_)
+    {
+        WarningInFunction
+            << "adding XML endTag '" << curr
+            << "' but already in another tag!"
+            << endl;
+    }
+
+    // verify inTag_
+    if (!tag.empty() && tag != curr)
+    {
+        WarningInFunction
+            << "expected to end xml-tag '" << tag
+            << "' but found '" << curr << "' instead"
+            << endl;
+    }
+
+    os_  << "</" << curr << '>' << nl;
+
+    inTag_ = false;
+
+    return *this;
+}
+
+
+
+Foam::foamVtkFormatter&
+Foam::foamVtkFormatter::xmlAttr
+(
+    const word& k,
+    const std::string& v,
+    const char quote
+)
+{
+    if (!inTag_)
+    {
+        WarningInFunction
+            << "xml attribute '" << k << "' but not within a tag!"
+            << endl;
+    }
+
+    os_ << ' ' << k << '=' << quote << v.c_str() << quote;
+
+    return *this;
+}
+
+
+Foam::foamVtkFormatter&
+Foam::foamVtkFormatter::xmlAttr
+(
+    const word& k,
+    const label v,
+    const char quote
+)
+{
+    if (!inTag_)
+    {
+        WarningInFunction
+            << "xml attribute '" << k << "' but not within a tag!"
+            << endl;
+    }
+
+    os_ << ' ' << k << '=' << quote << v << quote;
+
+    return *this;
+}
+
+
+Foam::foamVtkFormatter&
+Foam::foamVtkFormatter::xmlAttr
+(
+    const word& k,
+    const uint64_t v,
+    const char quote
+)
+{
+    if (!inTag_)
+    {
+        WarningInFunction
+            << "xml attribute '" << k << "' but not within a tag!"
+            << endl;
+    }
+
+    os_ << ' ' << k << '=' << quote << v << quote;
+
+    return *this;
+}
+
+
+Foam::foamVtkFormatter&
+Foam::foamVtkFormatter::xmlAttr
+(
+    const word& k,
+    const scalar v,
+    const char quote
+)
+{
+    if (!inTag_)
+    {
+        WarningInFunction
+            << "xml attribute '" << k << "' but not within a tag!"
+            << endl;
+    }
+
+    os_ << ' ' << k << '=' << quote << v << quote;
+
+    return *this;
+}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Member Operators * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+Foam::foamVtkFormatter&
+Foam::foamVtkFormatter::operator()
+(
+    const word& k,
+    const std::string& v
+)
+{
+    return xmlAttr(k, v);
+}
+
+
+Foam::foamVtkFormatter&
+Foam::foamVtkFormatter::operator()
+(
+    const word& k,
+    const label v
+)
+{
+    return xmlAttr(k, v);
+}
+
+
+Foam::foamVtkFormatter&
+Foam::foamVtkFormatter::operator()
+(
+    const word& k,
+    const uint64_t v
+)
+{
+    return xmlAttr(k, v);
+}
+
+
+Foam::foamVtkFormatter&
+Foam::foamVtkFormatter::operator()
+(
+    const word& k,
+    const scalar v
+)
+{
+    return xmlAttr(k, v);
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/src/fileFormats/vtk/format/foamVtkFormatter.H b/src/fileFormats/vtk/format/foamVtkFormatter.H
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4fe0cb9977
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/fileFormats/vtk/format/foamVtkFormatter.H
@@ -0,0 +1,233 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     |
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2016 OpenCFD Ltd.
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+Class
+    foamVtkFormatter
+
+Description
+    Abstract class for a VTK output stream formatter.
+
+    Includes very simple support for writing XML tags.
+
+SourceFiles
+    foamVtkFormatter.C
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef foamVtkFormatter_H
+#define foamVtkFormatter_H
+
+#include "int.H"
+#include "uint64.H"
+#include "label.H"
+#include "word.H"
+#include "UList.H"
+#include "LIFOStack.H"
+#include "foamVtkPTraits.H"
+
+#include <iostream>
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+                      Class foamVtkFormatter Declaration
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+class foamVtkFormatter
+{
+    // Private Data
+
+        //- The output stream for the formatter
+        std::ostream& os_;
+
+        //- Stack of current XML tags
+        LIFOStack<word> xmlTags_;
+
+        //- Tag open/closed/ended state
+        mutable bool inTag_;
+
+
+protected:
+
+    // Protected Member Functions
+
+        //- Construct and attach to an output stream
+        foamVtkFormatter(std::ostream& os);
+
+public:
+
+    // Static Data
+
+        //- VTK name for the 'byte_order' attribute
+        static const char* const byteOrder;
+
+        //- VTK name for the 'header_type' attribute (UInt64)
+        static const char* const headerType;
+
+
+    //- Destructor
+    virtual ~foamVtkFormatter();
+
+
+    // Member Functions
+
+        //- Access to the underlying output stream
+        inline std::ostream& os()
+        {
+            return os_;
+        }
+
+
+        //- Name for the XML output type.
+        //  Possibly the lowercase version of the Legacy output type
+        virtual const char* name() const = 0;
+
+        //- Name for the XML append encoding
+        virtual const char* encoding() const = 0;
+
+
+        //- Write leading size for binary output
+        virtual void writeSize(const uint64_t) = 0;
+
+        virtual void write(const uint8_t) = 0;
+        virtual void write(const label) = 0;
+        virtual void write(const float) = 0;
+        virtual void write(const double) = 0;
+        virtual void flush() = 0;
+
+
+    // Member Functions
+
+        //- Indent according to the currently nested XML tags
+        void indent();
+
+        //- Write XML header
+        foamVtkFormatter& xmlHeader();
+
+        //- Write XML comment (at the current indentation level)
+        foamVtkFormatter& comment(const std::string&);
+
+
+        //- Open XML tag
+        foamVtkFormatter& openTag(const word& tag);
+
+        //- Close XML tag, optional as an empty container.
+        //  Always adds a trailing newline.
+        foamVtkFormatter& closeTag(bool isEmpty = false);
+
+        //- End XML tag, optional with sanity check
+        //  Always adds a trailing newline.
+        foamVtkFormatter& endTag(const word& tag = word::null);
+
+        //- Write XML tag without any attributes. Combines openTag/closeTag.
+        foamVtkFormatter& tag(const word& tag);
+
+
+        //- Open "DataArray" XML tag
+        template<class Type, int nComp=0>
+        foamVtkFormatter& openDataArray(const word& dataName);
+
+
+        //- Insert a single "PDataArray" XML entry tag.
+        //  For some entries, the name is optional.
+        template<class Type, int nComp=0>
+        foamVtkFormatter& PDataArray(const word& dataName);
+
+
+        //- End "DataArray" XML tag
+        foamVtkFormatter& endDataArray()
+        {
+            return endTag("DataArray");
+        }
+
+
+
+        //- Write XML attribute
+        foamVtkFormatter& xmlAttr
+        (
+            const word&,
+            const std::string&,
+            const char quote='\''
+        );
+
+        //- Write XML attribute
+        foamVtkFormatter& xmlAttr
+        (
+            const word&,
+            const label,
+            const char quote='\''
+        );
+
+        //- Write XML attribute
+        foamVtkFormatter& xmlAttr
+        (
+            const word&,
+            const uint64_t,
+            const char quote='\''
+        );
+
+        //- Write XML attribute
+        foamVtkFormatter& xmlAttr
+        (
+            const word&,
+            const scalar,
+            const char quote='\''
+        );
+
+
+
+    // Member Operators
+
+        //- Write XML attribute
+        foamVtkFormatter& operator()(const word&, const std::string&);
+
+        //- Write XML attribute
+        foamVtkFormatter& operator()(const word&, const label);
+
+        //- Write XML attribute
+        foamVtkFormatter& operator()(const word&, const uint64_t);
+
+        //- Write XML attribute
+        foamVtkFormatter& operator()(const word&, const scalar);
+
+};
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+} // End namespace Foam
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+#ifdef NoRepository
+    #include "foamVtkFormatterTemplates.C"
+#endif
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+#endif
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/src/fileFormats/vtk/format/foamVtkFormatterTemplates.C b/src/fileFormats/vtk/format/foamVtkFormatterTemplates.C
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6e0830e2b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/fileFormats/vtk/format/foamVtkFormatterTemplates.C
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     |
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2016 OpenCFD Ltd.
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "foamVtkPTraits.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+template<class Type, int nComp>
+Foam::foamVtkFormatter& Foam::foamVtkFormatter::openDataArray
+(
+    const word& dataName
+)
+{
+    openTag("DataArray");
+    xmlAttr("type", foamVtkPTraits<Type>::typeName);
+    xmlAttr("Name", dataName);
+    if (nComp > 1)
+    {
+        xmlAttr("NumberOfComponents", nComp);
+    }
+    xmlAttr("format", name());
+
+    return *this;
+}
+
+
+template<class Type, int nComp>
+Foam::foamVtkFormatter& Foam::foamVtkFormatter::PDataArray
+(
+    const word& dataName
+)
+{
+    openTag("PDataArray");
+    xmlAttr("type", foamVtkPTraits<Type>::typeName);
+    if (dataName.size())
+    {
+        xmlAttr("Name", dataName);
+    }
+    if (nComp > 1)
+    {
+        xmlAttr("NumberOfComponents", nComp);
+    }
+
+    closeTag(true);
+
+    return *this;
+}
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/src/fileFormats/vtk/format/foamVtkLegacyFormatter.C b/src/fileFormats/vtk/format/foamVtkLegacyFormatter.C
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..177249b306
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/fileFormats/vtk/format/foamVtkLegacyFormatter.C
@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     |
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2016 OpenCFD Ltd.
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "foamVtkLegacyFormatter.H"
+#include "endian.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Static Data Members * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+const char* Foam::foamVtkLegacyFormatter::name_ = "BINARY";
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * Protected Member Functions  * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+void Foam::foamVtkLegacyFormatter::write
+(
+    const char* s,
+    std::streamsize n
+)
+{
+    os().write(s, n);
+}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Constructors  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+Foam::foamVtkLegacyFormatter::foamVtkLegacyFormatter(std::ostream& os)
+:
+    foamVtkFormatter(os)
+{}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Destructor  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+Foam::foamVtkLegacyFormatter::~foamVtkLegacyFormatter()
+{}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Member Functions  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+const char* Foam::foamVtkLegacyFormatter::name() const
+{
+    return name_;
+}
+
+
+const char* Foam::foamVtkLegacyFormatter::encoding() const
+{
+    return name_;
+}
+
+
+void Foam::foamVtkLegacyFormatter::writeSize(const uint64_t)
+{}
+
+
+void Foam::foamVtkLegacyFormatter::write(const uint8_t val)
+{
+    // Can only handle integers
+    int copy(val);
+    write(copy);
+}
+
+
+void Foam::foamVtkLegacyFormatter::write(const label val)
+{
+    // std::cerr<<"label is:" << sizeof(val) << '\n';
+
+    // Not entirely correct: the legacy format only supports 32-bit integers.
+    // Either limit size for 64-bit label, or simply do not support for 64-bit.
+#ifdef WM_LITTLE_ENDIAN
+# if WM_LABEL_SIZE == 32
+    uint32_t swapped = endian::swap32(val);
+    write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&swapped), sizeof(uint32_t));
+# elif WM_LABEL_SIZE == 64
+    uint64_t swapped = endian::swap64(val);
+    write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&swapped), sizeof(uint64_t));
+#endif
+#else
+    write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&val), sizeof(label));
+#endif
+}
+
+
+void Foam::foamVtkLegacyFormatter::write(const float val)
+{
+    // std::cerr<<"float is:" << sizeof(val) << '\n';
+
+#ifdef WM_LITTLE_ENDIAN
+    // De-reference in two stages to avoid the warning
+    //     dereferencing type-punned pointer will break strict-aliasing rules
+    //     [-Wstrict-aliasing]
+
+    const uint32_t* ptr = reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t*>(&val);
+    uint32_t swapped = endian::swap32(*ptr);
+    write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&swapped), sizeof(uint32_t));
+#else
+    write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&val), sizeof(float));
+#endif
+}
+
+
+void Foam::foamVtkLegacyFormatter::write(const double val)
+{
+    // Legacy cannot support Float64 anyhow.
+    // std::cerr<<"write double as float:" << val << '\n';
+    float copy(val);
+    write(copy);
+}
+
+
+void Foam::foamVtkLegacyFormatter::flush()
+{
+    os()<< '\n';
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/src/fileFormats/vtk/format/foamVtkLegacyFormatter.H b/src/fileFormats/vtk/format/foamVtkLegacyFormatter.H
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fe2395add4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/fileFormats/vtk/format/foamVtkLegacyFormatter.H
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     |
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2016 OpenCFD Ltd.
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+Class
+    foamVtkLegacyFormatter
+
+Description
+    Binary output for the VTK legacy format, always written as big-endian.
+
+    The legacy files are always written as big endian.
+    Since integers in the legacy format are limited to 32-bit,
+    this format should not be used for OpenFOAM with 64-bit label sizes.
+
+SourceFiles
+    foamVtkLegacyFormatter.C
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef foamVtkLegacyFormatter_H
+#define foamVtkLegacyFormatter_H
+
+#include "foamVtkFormatter.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+                   Class foamVtkLegacyFormatter Declaration
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+class foamVtkLegacyFormatter
+:
+    public foamVtkFormatter
+{
+    // Private Data Members
+
+        static const char* name_;
+
+
+    // Private Member Functions
+
+        //- Disallow default bitwise copy construct
+        foamVtkLegacyFormatter(const foamVtkLegacyFormatter&) = delete;
+
+        //- Disallow default bitwise assignment
+        void operator=(const foamVtkLegacyFormatter&) = delete;
+
+
+protected:
+
+    // Protected Member Functions
+
+        //- Write
+        void write(const char* s, std::streamsize n);
+
+
+public:
+
+    // Constructors
+
+        //- Construct and attach to an output stream
+        foamVtkLegacyFormatter(std::ostream&);
+
+
+    //- Destructor
+    virtual ~foamVtkLegacyFormatter();
+
+
+    // Member Functions
+
+        //- Name for the Legacy output type ("BINARY")
+        virtual const char* name() const;
+
+        //- Name for the XML append encoding (unused)
+        //  Currently simply "BINARY", but this should not be relied upon.
+        virtual const char* encoding() const;
+
+
+        //- Write leading size - a no-op for legacy binary output
+        virtual void writeSize(const uint64_t);
+
+        virtual void write(const uint8_t);
+        virtual void write(const label);
+        virtual void write(const float);
+        virtual void write(const double);
+        virtual void flush();
+};
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+} // End namespace Foam
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+#endif
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/src/fileFormats/vtk/format/foamVtkOutputOptions.C b/src/fileFormats/vtk/format/foamVtkOutputOptions.C
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..816cbe90b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/fileFormats/vtk/format/foamVtkOutputOptions.C
@@ -0,0 +1,240 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     |
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2016 OpenCFD Ltd.
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "foamVtkOutputOptions.H"
+
+#include "foamVtkAppendBase64Formatter.H"
+#include "foamVtkAppendRawFormatter.H"
+#include "foamVtkAsciiFormatter.H"
+#include "foamVtkBase64Formatter.H"
+#include "foamVtkLegacyFormatter.H"
+
+#include "IOstream.H"
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Constructor * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+Foam::foamVtkOutputOptions::foamVtkOutputOptions()
+:
+    type_(ASCII),
+    style_(NONE),
+    precision_(IOstream::defaultPrecision())
+{}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Selectors * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+Foam::autoPtr<Foam::foamVtkFormatter>
+Foam::foamVtkOutputOptions::newFormatter
+(
+    std::ostream& os
+) const
+{
+    switch (type_)
+    {
+        case (LEGACY | BINARY):
+            return autoPtr<foamVtkFormatter>
+            (
+                new foamVtkLegacyFormatter(os)
+            );
+
+        case BASE64:  // xml insitu
+            return autoPtr<foamVtkFormatter>
+            (
+                new foamVtkBase64Formatter(os)
+            );
+
+        case (APPEND | BASE64):
+            return autoPtr<foamVtkFormatter>
+            (
+                new foamVtkAppendBase64Formatter(os)
+            );
+
+        case (APPEND | BINARY):
+            return autoPtr<foamVtkFormatter>
+            (
+                new foamVtkAppendRawFormatter(os)
+            );
+
+        default:   // ASCII (legacy or xml) must always work
+            return autoPtr<foamVtkFormatter>
+            (
+                new foamVtkAsciiFormatter(os, precision_)
+            );
+    }
+}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Member Functions  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+void Foam::foamVtkOutputOptions::ascii(bool b)
+{
+    if (b)
+    {
+        // Force ASCII:
+
+        if (type_ & APPEND)
+        {
+            // Append: ascii = base64 (vs raw binary)
+            type_ = (APPEND | BASE64);
+        }
+        else if (type_ & LEGACY)
+        {
+            // Legacy: ascii = ascii
+            type_ = (LEGACY | ASCII);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            // XML: ascii = ascii
+            type_ = ASCII;
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        // Non-ASCII:
+
+        if (type_ & APPEND)
+        {
+            // Append: binary == (raw) binary
+            type_ = APPEND | BINARY;
+        }
+        else if (type_ & LEGACY)
+        {
+            // Legacy: binary = binary
+            type_ = LEGACY | BINARY;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            // XML: binary == (inline) binary == base64
+            type_ = BASE64;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+
+void Foam::foamVtkOutputOptions::append(bool b)
+{
+    if (b)
+    {
+        if (!(type_ & APPEND))
+        {
+            // XML:    base64 -> raw binary, ascii -> base64
+            // Legacy: binary -> raw binary, ascii -> base64
+            type_ = APPEND | ((type_ & (BASE64 | BINARY)) ? BINARY : BASE64);
+        }
+    }
+    else if (type_ & APPEND)
+    {
+        // Only revert back to inline XML base64 versions
+        // ASCII needs another step.
+
+        type_ = BASE64;
+    }
+}
+
+
+void Foam::foamVtkOutputOptions::legacy(bool b)
+{
+    if (b)
+    {
+        if (type_ & APPEND)
+        {
+            // Append: base64 -> ascii, binary -> binary
+            type_ = (LEGACY | ((type_ & BINARY) ? BINARY : ASCII));
+        }
+        else if (type_ & LEGACY)
+        {
+            // no-op
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            // XML: ascii -> ascii, base64 -> binary
+            type_ = (LEGACY | ((type_ & BASE64) ? BINARY : ASCII));
+        }
+    }
+    else if (type_ & LEGACY)
+    {
+        // Legacy: ascii -> xml ascii, binary -> xml base64
+        type_ = (type_ & BINARY) ? BASE64 : ASCII;
+    }
+}
+
+
+void Foam::foamVtkOutputOptions::precision(unsigned val) const
+{
+    precision_ = val;
+}
+
+
+Foam::Ostream&
+Foam::foamVtkOutputOptions::info(Ostream& os) const
+{
+    os << "type: " << type_;
+
+    switch (type_)
+    {
+        case (LEGACY | ASCII):
+            os << " legacy ascii";
+            break;
+
+        case (LEGACY | BINARY):
+            os << " legacy binary";
+            break;
+
+        case BASE64:
+            os << " xml insitu base64";
+            break;
+
+        case (APPEND | BASE64):
+            os << " xml-append base64";
+            break;
+
+        case (APPEND | BINARY):
+            os << " xml-append binary";
+            break;
+
+        case ASCII:
+            os << " xml insitu ascii";
+            break;
+
+        case BINARY:
+            os << " xml insitu binary - WRONG";
+            break;
+
+        default:
+            os << " unknown";
+            break;
+    }
+
+    if (legacy()) os << " legacy";
+    if (xml())    os << " xml";
+    if (append()) os << " append";
+    if (ascii())  os << " ascii";
+
+    return os;
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/src/fileFormats/vtk/format/foamVtkOutputOptions.H b/src/fileFormats/vtk/format/foamVtkOutputOptions.H
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..43a3ee0918
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/fileFormats/vtk/format/foamVtkOutputOptions.H
@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     |
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2016 OpenCFD Ltd.
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+Class
+    foamVtkOutputOptions
+
+Description
+    Encapsulate combinations of output format options.
+
+SourceFiles
+    foamVtkOutputOptions.C
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef foamVtkOutputOptions_H
+#define foamVtkOutputOptions_H
+
+#include "autoPtr.H"
+#include "foamVtkFormatter.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+class Ostream;
+
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+                    Class foamVtkOutputOptions Declaration
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+class foamVtkOutputOptions
+{
+    // Private data
+
+        //- The supported output/format types
+        enum foamVtkOptionTypes
+        {
+            ASCII  = 0x0000,    //!< ASCII formatting for data
+            BINARY = 0x0001,    //!< Raw binary formatting for data
+            BASE64 = 0x0002,    //!< Base64 encoding for data
+            LEGACY = 0x0100,    //!< Legacy vtk file format
+            APPEND = 0x0200     //!< XML append format
+        };
+
+        //- The output style tuning
+        enum foamVtkStyleOptions
+        {
+            NONE   = 0x0000,    //!< Normal
+            HEADER = 0x0001     //!< Emit xml header
+        };
+
+
+        //- The output format type
+        unsigned short type_;
+
+        //- The output style tuning
+        unsigned short style_;
+
+
+        //- ASCII write precision
+        mutable unsigned precision_;
+
+
+public:
+
+    // Constructors
+
+        //- Construct null - XML insitu ASCII format with default precision
+        foamVtkOutputOptions();
+
+
+    // Selectors
+
+        //- Return new data formatter based on the writer options
+        autoPtr<foamVtkFormatter> newFormatter(std::ostream&) const;
+
+
+    // Member Functions
+
+    // Access
+
+        //- True if writer uses legacy file format
+        inline bool legacy() const;
+
+        //- True if writer uses XML file format (non-legacy)
+        inline bool xml() const;
+
+        //- True if output format uses an append mode
+        inline bool append() const;
+
+        //- True if output format does not use an append mode
+        inline bool insitu() const;
+
+        //- True if output format is ASCII
+        inline bool ascii() const;
+
+
+    // Edit
+
+        //- Toggle ASCII mode on/off.
+        //  In append mode, this switches between base64 and raw binary.
+        //  In XML mode, this switches between ASCII and base64.
+        //  In legacy mode, this switches between ASCII and binary.
+        void ascii(bool);
+
+        //- Toggle append mode on/off.
+        void append(bool);
+
+        //- Toggle legacy mode on/off.
+        void legacy(bool);
+
+        //- Set the write precision to be used for new ASCII formatters
+        void precision(unsigned val) const;
+
+
+    // Other
+
+        //- Report information about the options
+        Ostream& info(Ostream&) const;
+
+};
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+} // End namespace Foam
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+#include "foamVtkOutputOptionsI.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+#endif
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/src/fileFormats/vtk/format/foamVtkOutputOptionsI.H b/src/fileFormats/vtk/format/foamVtkOutputOptionsI.H
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0205f2f98e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/fileFormats/vtk/format/foamVtkOutputOptionsI.H
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     |
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2016 OpenCFD Ltd.
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+inline bool Foam::foamVtkOutputOptions::legacy() const
+{
+    return (type_ & LEGACY);
+}
+
+
+inline bool Foam::foamVtkOutputOptions::xml() const
+{
+    return !legacy();
+}
+
+
+inline bool Foam::foamVtkOutputOptions::append() const
+{
+    return (type_ & APPEND);
+}
+
+
+inline bool Foam::foamVtkOutputOptions::insitu() const
+{
+    return !(type_ & APPEND);
+}
+
+
+inline bool Foam::foamVtkOutputOptions::ascii() const
+{
+    return !(type_ & (BINARY | BASE64));
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/src/fileFormats/vtk/vtkUnstructuredReader.C b/src/fileFormats/vtk/read/vtkUnstructuredReader.C
similarity index 98%
rename from src/fileFormats/vtk/vtkUnstructuredReader.C
rename to src/fileFormats/vtk/read/vtkUnstructuredReader.C
index 3edf53ee3d..d834f4d5eb 100644
--- a/src/fileFormats/vtk/vtkUnstructuredReader.C
+++ b/src/fileFormats/vtk/read/vtkUnstructuredReader.C
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ void Foam::vtkUnstructuredReader::extractCells
     {
         switch (cellTypes[i])
         {
-            case VTK_VERTEX:
+            case foamVtkCore::VTK_VERTEX:
             {
                 warnUnhandledType(inFile, cellTypes[i], warningGiven);
                 label nRead = cellVertData[dataIndex++];
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ void Foam::vtkUnstructuredReader::extractCells
             }
             break;
 
-            case VTK_POLY_VERTEX:
+            case foamVtkCore::VTK_POLY_VERTEX:
             {
                 warnUnhandledType(inFile, cellTypes[i], warningGiven);
                 label nRead = cellVertData[dataIndex++];
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ void Foam::vtkUnstructuredReader::extractCells
             }
             break;
 
-            case VTK_LINE:
+            case foamVtkCore::VTK_LINE:
             {
                 //warnUnhandledType(inFile, cellTypes[i], warningGiven);
                 label nRead = cellVertData[dataIndex++];
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ void Foam::vtkUnstructuredReader::extractCells
             }
             break;
 
-            case VTK_POLY_LINE:
+            case foamVtkCore::VTK_POLY_LINE:
             {
                 //warnUnhandledType(inFile, cellTypes[i], warningGiven);
                 label nRead = cellVertData[dataIndex++];
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ void Foam::vtkUnstructuredReader::extractCells
             }
             break;
 
-            case VTK_TRIANGLE:
+            case foamVtkCore::VTK_TRIANGLE:
             {
                 faceMap_[facei] = i;
                 face& f = faces_[facei++];
@@ -214,7 +214,7 @@ void Foam::vtkUnstructuredReader::extractCells
             }
             break;
 
-            case VTK_QUAD:
+            case foamVtkCore::VTK_QUAD:
             {
                 faceMap_[facei] = i;
                 face& f = faces_[facei++];
@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ void Foam::vtkUnstructuredReader::extractCells
             }
             break;
 
-            case VTK_POLYGON:
+            case foamVtkCore::VTK_POLYGON:
             {
                 faceMap_[facei] = i;
                 face& f = faces_[facei++];
@@ -248,7 +248,7 @@ void Foam::vtkUnstructuredReader::extractCells
             }
             break;
 
-            case VTK_TETRA:
+            case foamVtkCore::VTK_TETRA:
             {
                 label nRead = cellVertData[dataIndex++];
                 if (nRead != 4)
@@ -268,7 +268,7 @@ void Foam::vtkUnstructuredReader::extractCells
             }
             break;
 
-            case VTK_PYRAMID:
+            case foamVtkCore::VTK_PYRAMID:
             {
                 label nRead = cellVertData[dataIndex++];
                 if (nRead != 5)
@@ -289,7 +289,7 @@ void Foam::vtkUnstructuredReader::extractCells
             }
             break;
 
-            case VTK_WEDGE:
+            case foamVtkCore::VTK_WEDGE:
             {
                 label nRead = cellVertData[dataIndex++];
                 if (nRead != 6)
@@ -311,7 +311,7 @@ void Foam::vtkUnstructuredReader::extractCells
             }
             break;
 
-            case VTK_HEXAHEDRON:
+            case foamVtkCore::VTK_HEXAHEDRON:
             {
                 label nRead = cellVertData[dataIndex++];
                 if (nRead != 8)
diff --git a/src/fileFormats/vtk/vtkUnstructuredReader.H b/src/fileFormats/vtk/read/vtkUnstructuredReader.H
similarity index 90%
rename from src/fileFormats/vtk/vtkUnstructuredReader.H
rename to src/fileFormats/vtk/read/vtkUnstructuredReader.H
index db2391bc3b..77bd71b4aa 100644
--- a/src/fileFormats/vtk/vtkUnstructuredReader.H
+++ b/src/fileFormats/vtk/read/vtkUnstructuredReader.H
@@ -25,8 +25,8 @@ Class
     Foam::vtkUnstructuredReader
 
 Description
-    Reader for vtk unstructured_grid legacy files. Supports single CELLS, POINTS
-    etc. entry only.
+    Reader for vtk UNSTRUCTURED_GRID legacy files.
+    Supports single CELLS, POINTS etc. entry only.
 
     - all integer types (int, unsigned_int, long etc.) become Foam::label
     - all real types (float, double) become Foam::scalar
@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@ SourceFiles
 #ifndef vtkUnstructuredReader_H
 #define vtkUnstructuredReader_H
 
+#include "foamVtkCore.H"
 #include "objectRegistry.H"
 #include "cellShapeList.H"
 #include "HashSet.H"
@@ -62,6 +63,8 @@ namespace Foam
 \*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
 class vtkUnstructuredReader
+:
+    public fileFormats::foamVtkCore
 {
 public:
 
@@ -108,29 +111,6 @@ public:
         static const NamedEnum<parseMode, 5> parseModeNames;
 
 
-        //- Enumeration defining the cell types
-        enum vtkTypes
-        {
-            VTK_EMPTY_CELL       = 0,
-            VTK_VERTEX           = 1,
-            VTK_POLY_VERTEX      = 2,
-            VTK_LINE             = 3,
-            VTK_POLY_LINE        = 4,
-            VTK_TRIANGLE         = 5,
-            VTK_TRIANGLE_STRIP   = 6,
-            VTK_POLYGON          = 7,
-            VTK_PIXEL            = 8,
-            VTK_QUAD             = 9,
-            VTK_TETRA            = 10,
-            VTK_VOXEL            = 11,
-            VTK_HEXAHEDRON       = 12,
-            VTK_WEDGE            = 13,
-            VTK_PYRAMID          = 14,
-            VTK_PENTAGONAL_PRISM = 15,
-            VTK_HEXAGONAL_PRISM  = 16,
-        };
-
-
 private:
 
     //- Header
diff --git a/src/fileFormats/vtk/vtkUnstructuredReaderTemplates.C b/src/fileFormats/vtk/read/vtkUnstructuredReaderTemplates.C
similarity index 98%
rename from src/fileFormats/vtk/vtkUnstructuredReaderTemplates.C
rename to src/fileFormats/vtk/read/vtkUnstructuredReaderTemplates.C
index eb1e5f5273..86f6f6d895 100644
--- a/src/fileFormats/vtk/vtkUnstructuredReaderTemplates.C
+++ b/src/fileFormats/vtk/read/vtkUnstructuredReaderTemplates.C
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ void Foam::vtkUnstructuredReader::printFieldStats
 {
     wordList fieldNames(obj.names(Type::typeName));
 
-    if (fieldNames.size() > 0)
+    if (fieldNames.size())
     {
         Info<< "Read " << fieldNames.size() << " " << Type::typeName
             << " fields:" << endl;
diff --git a/src/fileFormats/vtk/type/foamVtkPTraits.C b/src/fileFormats/vtk/type/foamVtkPTraits.C
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..91bf1f3a33
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/fileFormats/vtk/type/foamVtkPTraits.C
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     |
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2016 OpenCFD Ltd.
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "foamVtkPTraits.H"
+#include "endian.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Static Data Members * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+template<>
+const char* const
+Foam::foamVtkPTraits<uint8_t>::typeName = "UInt8";
+
+template<>
+const char * const
+Foam::foamVtkPTraits<int32_t>::typeName = "Int32";
+
+template<>
+const char * const
+Foam::foamVtkPTraits<uint32_t>::typeName = "UInt32";
+
+template<>
+const char * const
+Foam::foamVtkPTraits<int64_t>::typeName = "Int64";
+
+template<>
+const char * const
+Foam::foamVtkPTraits<uint64_t>::typeName = "UInt64";
+
+template<>
+const char * const
+Foam::foamVtkPTraits<float>::typeName = "Float32";
+
+template<>
+const char * const
+Foam::foamVtkPTraits<double>::typeName = "Float64";
+
+#ifdef WM_LITTLE_ENDIAN
+template<>
+const char* const
+Foam::foamVtkPTraits<::Foam::endian>::typeName = "LittleEndian";
+#else
+template<>
+const char* const
+Foam::foamVtkPTraits<::Foam::endian>::typeName = "BigEndian";
+#endif
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/src/fileFormats/vtk/type/foamVtkPTraits.H b/src/fileFormats/vtk/type/foamVtkPTraits.H
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ea95c0820d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/fileFormats/vtk/type/foamVtkPTraits.H
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     |
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2016 OpenCFD Ltd.
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+Class
+    Foam::foamVtkPTraits
+
+Description
+    Names for VTK primitive types.
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef foamVtkPTraits_H
+#define foamVtkPTraits_H
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+
+// Forward declarations
+class endian;
+
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+                         Class foamVtkPTraits Declaration
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+template<class PrimitiveType>
+class foamVtkPTraits
+{
+public:
+
+    // Static data members
+
+        static const char* const typeName;
+};
+
+
+template<>
+const char* const foamVtkPTraits<uint8_t>::typeName;  // = UInt8
+
+template<>
+const char* const foamVtkPTraits<int32_t>::typeName;  // = Int32
+
+template<>
+const char* const foamVtkPTraits<int32_t>::typeName;  // = UInt32
+
+template<>
+const char* const foamVtkPTraits<int32_t>::typeName;  // = Int64
+
+template<>
+const char* const foamVtkPTraits<int64_t>::typeName;  // = UInt64
+
+template<>
+const char* const foamVtkPTraits<float>::typeName;    // = Float32
+
+template<>
+const char* const foamVtkPTraits<double>::typeName;   // = Float64
+
+template<>
+const char* const foamVtkPTraits<::Foam::endian>::typeName;
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+} // End namespace Foam
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+#endif
+
+// ************************************************************************* //