ENH: Updated lagrangian tutorials

This commit is contained in:
andy
2010-11-02 13:15:15 +00:00
parent 28de981eee
commit dc460d3d45
16 changed files with 260 additions and 279 deletions

View File

@ -15,14 +15,33 @@ FoamFile
} }
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * // // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
randomSampleSize 100000;
solution solution
{ {
active true; active true;
transient yes;
coupled true; coupled true;
cellValueSourceCorrection on; cellValueSourceCorrection on;
sourceTerms
{
rho
{
semiImplicit false;
}
U
{
semiImplicit false;
}
Yi
{
semiImplicit false;
}
hs
{
semiImplicit false;
}
}
interpolationSchemes interpolationSchemes
{ {
rho cell; rho cell;
@ -31,6 +50,7 @@ solution
T cell; T cell;
Cp cell; Cp cell;
p cell; p cell;
G cell;
} }
integrationSchemes integrationSchemes
@ -82,7 +102,7 @@ subModels
DragModel SphereDrag; DragModel SphereDrag;
DispersionModel none; // StochasticDispersionRAS; DispersionModel StochasticDispersionRAS;
PatchInteractionModel StandardWallInteraction; PatchInteractionModel StandardWallInteraction;
@ -142,18 +162,18 @@ subModels
( (
gas gas
{ {
CH4 0.604; CH4 0.604;
H2 0.099; H2 0.099;
CO2 0.297; CO2 0.297;
} }
liquid liquid
{ {
H2O 1; H2O 1;
} }
solid solid
{ {
ash 0.136304; ash 0.136304;
C 0.863696; C 0.863696;
} }
); );
YGasTot0 0.211; YGasTot0 0.211;
@ -182,10 +202,9 @@ subModels
COxidationKineticDiffusionLimitedRateCoeffs COxidationKineticDiffusionLimitedRateCoeffs
{ {
Sb Sb [ 0 0 0 0 0 ] 2.667; C1 5.0E-12;
C1 C1 [ 0 0 0 0 0] 5.0E-12; C2 0.002;
C2 C2 [ 0 0 0 0 0] 0.002; E 7.9E+07;
E E [ 0 0 0 0 0] 7.9E+07;
} }
} }

View File

@ -15,14 +15,25 @@ FoamFile
} }
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * // // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
randomSampleSize 100000;
solution solution
{ {
active true; active true;
coupled true; coupled true;
transient yes;
cellValueSourceCorrection on; cellValueSourceCorrection on;
sourceTerms
{
U
{
semiImplicit false;
}
hs
{
semiImplicit false;
}
}
interpolationSchemes interpolationSchemes
{ {
rho cell; rho cell;
@ -30,6 +41,7 @@ solution
U cellPoint; U cellPoint;
Cp cell; Cp cell;
T cell; T cell;
G cell;
} }
integrationSchemes integrationSchemes

View File

@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ FoamFile
object scalarListList; object scalarListList;
} }
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * // // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
// (x y z) (u v w) d rho mDot T cp (Y0..Y2) (Yg0..YgN) (Yl0..YlN) (Ys0..YsN) // (x y z) (u v w) d rho mDot T Cp (Y0..Y2) (Yg0..YgN) (Yl0..YlN) (Ys0..YsN)
( (
(0.1 0.32 0.0) (0.5 0.25 0.0) 0.001 1000 0.2 300 4200 (0 1 0) () (1) () (0.1 0.32 0.0) (0.5 0.25 0.0) 0.001 1000 0.2 300 4200 (0 1 0) () (1) ()
(0.1 0.44 0.0) (0.5 0.10 0.0) 0.001 1000 0.2 300 4200 (0 1 0) () (1) () (0.1 0.44 0.0) (0.5 0.10 0.0) 0.001 1000 0.2 300 4200 (0 1 0) () (1) ()

View File

@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
| ========= | |
| \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox |
| \\ / O peration | Version: dev |
| \\ / A nd | Web: www.OpenFOAM.com |
| \\/ M anipulation | |
\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
FoamFile
{
version 2.0;
format ascii;
class vectorField;
location "constant";
object reactingCloud1Positions;
}
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
(
(0.1 0.32 0.0)
(0.1 0.44 0.0)
(0.1 0.56 0.0)
(0.1 0.68 0.0)
)
// ************************************************************************* //

View File

@ -19,8 +19,29 @@ solution
{ {
active true; active true;
coupled true; coupled true;
transient yes;
cellValueSourceCorrection on; cellValueSourceCorrection on;
sourceTerms
{
rho
{
semiImplicit false;
}
U
{
semiImplicit false;
}
Yi
{
semiImplicit false;
}
hs
{
semiImplicit false;
}
}
interpolationSchemes interpolationSchemes
{ {
rho cell; rho cell;
@ -49,7 +70,7 @@ constantProperties
rho0 1000; rho0 1000;
T0 300; T0 300;
cp0 4100; Cp0 4100;
youngsModulus 1e9; youngsModulus 1e9;
poissonsRatio 0.35; poissonsRatio 0.35;
@ -68,10 +89,10 @@ constantProperties
particleForces particleForces
{ {
gravity on; gravity on;
virtualMass off; virtualMass off;
pressureGradient off; pressureGradient off;
paramagnetic off; paramagnetic off;
} }
subModels subModels
@ -98,13 +119,13 @@ subModels
SurfaceFilmModel none; SurfaceFilmModel none;
CollisionModel none; CollisionModel none;
radiation off; radiation off;
ReactingMultiphaseLookupTableInjectionCoeffs ReactingMultiphaseLookupTableInjectionCoeffs
{ {
massTotal massTotal [ 1 0 0 0 0 ] 1e-2; massTotal 1e-2;
parcelBasisType mass; parcelBasisType mass;
SOI 0.5; SOI 0.5;
inputFile "parcelInjectionProperties"; inputFile "parcelInjectionProperties";
@ -112,26 +133,21 @@ subModels
parcelsPerSecond 250; parcelsPerSecond 250;
} }
StandardWallInteractionCoeffs
{
type rebound;
}
LocalInteractionCoeffs LocalInteractionCoeffs
{ {
patches patches
( (
walls walls
{ {
type rebound; type rebound;
} }
cycLeft_half0 cycLeft_half0
{ {
type rebound; type rebound;
} }
cycLeft_half1 cycLeft_half1
{ {
type rebound; type rebound;
} }
); );
} }
@ -150,7 +166,7 @@ subModels
} }
liquid liquid
{ {
H2O 1; H2O 1;
} }
solid solid
{ {
@ -165,10 +181,7 @@ subModels
{ {
enthalpyTransfer enthalpyDifference; enthalpyTransfer enthalpyDifference;
activeLiquids activeLiquids ( H2O );
(
H2O
);
} }
PatchPostProcessingCoeffs PatchPostProcessingCoeffs

View File

@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\ /*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
| ========= | | | ========= | |
| \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox | | \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox |
| \\ / O peration | Version: dev | | \\ / O peration | Version: dev.thermoChemDicts |
| \\ / A nd | Web: www.OpenFOAM.com | | \\ / A nd | Web: www.OpenFOAM.com |
| \\/ M anipulation | | | \\/ M anipulation | |
\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/ \*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

View File

@ -19,8 +19,29 @@ solution
{ {
active true; active true;
coupled false; coupled false;
transient yes;
cellValueSourceCorrection off; cellValueSourceCorrection off;
sourceTerms
{
rho
{
semiImplicit false;
}
U
{
semiImplicit false;
}
Yi
{
semiImplicit false;
}
hs
{
semiImplicit false;
}
}
interpolationSchemes interpolationSchemes
{ {
rho cell; rho cell;
@ -49,7 +70,7 @@ constantProperties
rho0 1000; rho0 1000;
T0 350; T0 350;
cp0 4100; Cp0 4100;
youngsModulus 1e9; youngsModulus 1e9;
poissonsRatio 0.35; poissonsRatio 0.35;
@ -70,9 +91,7 @@ particleForces
{ {
gravity on; gravity on;
virtualMass off; virtualMass off;
Cvm 0.5;
pressureGradient off; pressureGradient off;
gradU gradU;
paramagnetic off; paramagnetic off;
} }
@ -106,7 +125,7 @@ subModels
ManualInjectionCoeffs ManualInjectionCoeffs
{ {
massTotal massTotal [ 1 0 0 0 0 ] 5.23599e-10; // 1 droplet of density 1000 kg/m3 massTotal 5.23599e-10; // 1 droplet of density 1000 kg/m3
parcelBasisType mass; parcelBasisType mass;
SOI 0; SOI 0;
positionsFile "reactingCloud1Positions"; positionsFile "reactingCloud1Positions";
@ -155,20 +174,7 @@ subModels
{ {
enthalpyTransfer enthalpyDifference; // latentHeat; enthalpyTransfer enthalpyDifference; // latentHeat;
activeLiquids activeLiquids ( H2O );
(
H2O
);
}
PatchPostProcessingCoeffs
{
maxStoredParcels 100;
patches
(
outlet
);
} }
} }

View File

@ -19,8 +19,29 @@ solution
{ {
active true; active true;
coupled true; coupled true;
transient yes;
cellValueSourceCorrection on; cellValueSourceCorrection on;
sourceTerms
{
rho
{
semiImplicit false;
}
U
{
semiImplicit false;
}
Yi
{
semiImplicit false;
}
hs
{
semiImplicit false;
}
}
interpolationSchemes interpolationSchemes
{ {
rho cell; rho cell;
@ -49,7 +70,7 @@ constantProperties
rho0 1000; rho0 1000;
T0 350; T0 350;
cp0 4100; Cp0 4100;
youngsModulus 1e9; youngsModulus 1e9;
poissonsRatio 0.35; poissonsRatio 0.35;
@ -70,9 +91,7 @@ particleForces
{ {
gravity on; gravity on;
virtualMass off; virtualMass off;
Cvm 0.5;
pressureGradient off; pressureGradient off;
gradU gradU;
paramagnetic off; paramagnetic off;
} }
@ -107,7 +126,7 @@ subModels
PatchInjectionCoeffs PatchInjectionCoeffs
{ {
SOI 0.01; SOI 0.01;
massTotal massTotal [ 1 0 0 0 0 ] 8; massTotal 8;
parcelBasisType mass; parcelBasisType mass;
patchName inletCentral; patchName inletCentral;
duration 10000; duration 10000;
@ -162,7 +181,7 @@ subModels
} }
liquid liquid
{ {
H2O 1; H2O 1;
} }
solid solid
{ {
@ -177,20 +196,14 @@ subModels
{ {
enthalpyTransfer enthalpyDifference; enthalpyTransfer enthalpyDifference;
activeLiquids activeLiquids ( H2O );
(
H2O
);
} }
PatchPostProcessingCoeffs PatchPostProcessingCoeffs
{ {
maxStoredParcels 100; maxStoredParcels 100;
patches patches ( outlet );
(
outlet
);
} }
} }

View File

@ -17,19 +17,7 @@ FoamFile
solution solution
{ {
active false; // true; active false;
coupled true;
cellValueSourceCorrection on;
interpolationSchemes
{
rho cell;
U cell; // cellPoint;
mu cell;
T cell;
Cp cell;
p cell;
}
integrationSchemes integrationSchemes
{ {
@ -49,7 +37,7 @@ constantProperties
rho0 1000; rho0 1000;
T0 300; T0 300;
cp0 4187; Cp0 4187;
epsilon0 1; epsilon0 1;
f0 0.5; f0 0.5;
@ -75,44 +63,25 @@ subModels
{ {
InjectionModel none; InjectionModel none;
DragModel SphereDrag; DragModel none;
DispersionModel none; DispersionModel none;
PatchInteractionModel StandardWallInteraction; PatchInteractionModel none;
CollisionModel none; CollisionModel none;
HeatTransferModel none; HeatTransferModel none;
CompositionModel SinglePhaseMixture; CompositionModel none;
PhaseChangeModel none; PhaseChangeModel none;
PostProcessingModel none; PostProcessingModel none;
SurfaceFilmModel ThermoSurfaceFilm; SurfaceFilmModel none;
radiation off; radiation off;
StandardWallInteractionCoeffs
{
type rebound;
}
SinglePhaseMixtureCoeffs
{
phases
(
liquid
{
H2O 1;
}
);
}
ThermoSurfaceFilmCoeffs
{}
} }

View File

@ -19,12 +19,33 @@ solution
{ {
active true; active true;
coupled true; coupled true;
transient yes;
cellValueSourceCorrection on; cellValueSourceCorrection on;
sourceTerms
{
rho
{
semiImplicit false;
}
U
{
semiImplicit false;
}
Yi
{
semiImplicit false;
}
hs
{
semiImplicit false;
}
}
interpolationSchemes interpolationSchemes
{ {
rho cell; rho cell;
U cell; // cellPoint; U cellPoint;
mu cell; mu cell;
T cell; T cell;
Cp cell; Cp cell;
@ -49,7 +70,7 @@ constantProperties
rho0 1000; rho0 1000;
T0 300; T0 300;
cp0 4187; Cp0 4187;
youngsModulus 0; youngsModulus 0;
poissonsRatio 0; poissonsRatio 0;
@ -83,11 +104,11 @@ subModels
PatchInteractionModel StandardWallInteraction; PatchInteractionModel StandardWallInteraction;
HeatTransferModel none; //RanzMarshall; HeatTransferModel none;
CompositionModel SinglePhaseMixture; CompositionModel SinglePhaseMixture;
PhaseChangeModel none; // LiquidEvaporation; PhaseChangeModel none;
PostProcessingModel none; PostProcessingModel none;
@ -95,40 +116,13 @@ subModels
radiation off; radiation off;
ConeInjectionCoeffs
{
SOI 0.000;
duration 10.000;
position (0.5 0.8 1.45);
direction (0 -0.5 -1);
massTotal massTotal [ 1 0 0 0 0 ] 0.025; // 1e-3;
parcelsPerSecond 500;
parcelBasisType mass;
flowRateProfile constant 0.01;
Umag constant 5;
thetaInner constant 0;
thetaOuter constant 30;
parcelPDF
{
pdfType RosinRammler;
RosinRammlerPDF
{
minValue 5e-04;
maxValue 0.0012;
d 7.5e-05;
n 0.5;
}
}
}
ConeInjectionMPCoeffs ConeInjectionMPCoeffs
{ {
SOI 0.000; SOI 0.000;
duration 20.000; duration 20.000;
positionsFile "reactingCloud1Positions"; positionsFile "reactingCloud1Positions";
axesFile "reactingCloud1Axes"; axesFile "reactingCloud1Axes";
massTotal massTotal [ 1 0 0 0 0 ] 10; massTotal 10;
parcelsPerInjector 20000; parcelsPerInjector 20000;
parcelsPerSecond 500; parcelsPerSecond 500;
parcelBasisType mass; parcelBasisType mass;
@ -157,11 +151,6 @@ subModels
type rebound; type rebound;
} }
RanzMarshallCoeffs
{
BirdCorrection false;
}
SinglePhaseMixtureCoeffs SinglePhaseMixtureCoeffs
{ {
phases phases
@ -173,14 +162,6 @@ subModels
); );
} }
LiquidEvaporationCoeffs
{
activeLiquids
(
H2O
);
}
ThermoSurfaceFilmCoeffs ThermoSurfaceFilmCoeffs
{} {}
} }

View File

@ -19,12 +19,33 @@ solution
{ {
active true; active true;
coupled true; coupled true;
transient yes;
cellValueSourceCorrection on; cellValueSourceCorrection on;
sourceTerms
{
rho
{
semiImplicit false;
}
U
{
semiImplicit false;
}
Yi
{
semiImplicit false;
}
hs
{
semiImplicit false;
}
}
interpolationSchemes interpolationSchemes
{ {
rho cell; rho cell;
U cell; // cellPoint; U cellPoint;
mu cell; mu cell;
T cell; T cell;
Cp cell; Cp cell;
@ -49,7 +70,7 @@ constantProperties
rho0 1000; rho0 1000;
T0 300; T0 300;
cp0 4187; Cp0 4187;
youngsModulus 1e9; youngsModulus 1e9;
poissonsRatio 0.35; poissonsRatio 0.35;
@ -81,11 +102,11 @@ subModels
PatchInteractionModel StandardWallInteraction; PatchInteractionModel StandardWallInteraction;
HeatTransferModel none; //RanzMarshall; HeatTransferModel none;
CompositionModel SinglePhaseMixture; CompositionModel SinglePhaseMixture;
PhaseChangeModel none; // LiquidEvaporation; PhaseChangeModel none;
PostProcessingModel none; PostProcessingModel none;
@ -101,7 +122,7 @@ subModels
duration 20.000; duration 20.000;
positionsFile "reactingCloud1Positions"; positionsFile "reactingCloud1Positions";
axesFile "reactingCloud1Axes"; axesFile "reactingCloud1Axes";
massTotal massTotal [ 1 0 0 0 0 ] 10; massTotal 10;
parcelsPerInjector 20000; parcelsPerInjector 20000;
parcelsPerSecond 500; parcelsPerSecond 500;
parcelBasisType mass; parcelBasisType mass;
@ -124,17 +145,11 @@ subModels
} }
StandardWallInteractionCoeffs StandardWallInteractionCoeffs
{ {
type rebound; type rebound;
} }
RanzMarshallCoeffs
{
BirdCorrection false;
}
SinglePhaseMixtureCoeffs SinglePhaseMixtureCoeffs
{ {
phases phases
@ -146,14 +161,6 @@ subModels
); );
} }
LiquidEvaporationCoeffs
{
activeLiquids
(
H2O
);
}
ThermoSurfaceFilmCoeffs ThermoSurfaceFilmCoeffs
{} {}
} }

View File

@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ thermoSingleLayerCoeffs
rho0 rho0 [1 -3 0 0 0] 1000; rho0 rho0 [1 -3 0 0 0] 1000;
mu0 mu0 [1 -1 -1 0 0] 1e-3; mu0 mu0 [1 -1 -1 0 0] 1e-3;
sigma0 sigma0 [1 0 -2 0 0] 0.07; sigma0 sigma0 [1 0 -2 0 0] 0.07;
cp0 cp0 [0 2 -2 -1 0] 4187; Cp0 Cp0 [0 2 -2 -1 0] 4187;
kappa0 kappa0 [1 1 -3 -1 0] 0.58; kappa0 kappa0 [1 1 -3 -1 0] 0.58;
injectionModel cloudInjection; // remove; // none; // cloudInjection; injectionModel cloudInjection; // remove; // none; // cloudInjection;

View File

@ -17,19 +17,7 @@ FoamFile
solution solution
{ {
active false; // true; active false;
coupled true;
cellValueSourceCorrection on;
interpolationSchemes
{
rho cell;
U cell; // cellPoint;
mu cell;
T cell;
Cp cell;
p cell;
}
integrationSchemes integrationSchemes
{ {
@ -49,7 +37,7 @@ constantProperties
rho0 1000; rho0 1000;
T0 300; T0 300;
cp0 4187; Cp0 4187;
youngsModulus 1e9; youngsModulus 1e9;
poissonsRatio 0.35; poissonsRatio 0.35;
@ -75,15 +63,15 @@ subModels
{ {
InjectionModel none; InjectionModel none;
DragModel SphereDrag; DragModel none;
DispersionModel none; DispersionModel none;
PatchInteractionModel StandardWallInteraction; PatchInteractionModel none;
HeatTransferModel none; HeatTransferModel none;
CompositionModel SinglePhaseMixture; CompositionModel none;
PhaseChangeModel none; PhaseChangeModel none;
@ -91,28 +79,9 @@ subModels
CollisionModel none; CollisionModel none;
SurfaceFilmModel ThermoSurfaceFilm; SurfaceFilmModel none;
radiation off; radiation off;
StandardWallInteractionCoeffs
{
type rebound;
}
SinglePhaseMixtureCoeffs
{
phases
(
liquid
{
H2O 1;
}
);
}
ThermoSurfaceFilmCoeffs
{}
} }

View File

@ -19,8 +19,29 @@ solution
{ {
active true; active true;
coupled true; coupled true;
transient yes;
cellValueSourceCorrection on; cellValueSourceCorrection on;
sourceTerms
{
rho
{
semiImplicit false;
}
U
{
semiImplicit false;
}
Yi
{
semiImplicit false;
}
hs
{
semiImplicit false;
}
}
interpolationSchemes interpolationSchemes
{ {
rho cell; rho cell;
@ -49,7 +70,7 @@ constantProperties
rho0 1000; rho0 1000;
T0 300; T0 300;
cp0 4187; Cp0 4187;
youngsModulus 1e9; youngsModulus 1e9;
poissonsRatio 0.35; poissonsRatio 0.35;
@ -97,7 +118,7 @@ subModels
ManualInjectionCoeffs ManualInjectionCoeffs
{ {
massTotal massTotal [ 1 0 0 0 0 ] 1e-8; massTotal 1e-8;
parcelBasisType mass; parcelBasisType mass;
SOI 0; SOI 0;
positionsFile "reactingCloud1Positions"; positionsFile "reactingCloud1Positions";
@ -129,7 +150,7 @@ subModels
( (
liquid liquid
{ {
H2O 1; H2O 1;
} }
); );
} }
@ -138,10 +159,7 @@ subModels
{ {
enthalpyTransfer enthalpyDifference; enthalpyTransfer enthalpyDifference;
activeLiquids activeLiquids ( H2O );
(
H2O
);
} }
} }

View File

@ -19,8 +19,17 @@ solution
{ {
active true; active true;
coupled true; coupled true;
transient yes;
cellValueSourceCorrection on; cellValueSourceCorrection on;
sourceTerms
{
U
{
semiImplicit false;
}
}
interpolationSchemes interpolationSchemes
{ {
rho cell; rho cell;
@ -73,7 +82,7 @@ subModels
ManualInjectionCoeffs ManualInjectionCoeffs
{ {
massTotal massTotal [ 1 0 0 0 0 ] 0.0002; massTotal 0.0002;
parcelBasisType mass; parcelBasisType mass;
SOI 0; SOI 0;
positionsFile "kinematicCloud1Positions"; positionsFile "kinematicCloud1Positions";
@ -91,31 +100,6 @@ subModels
} }
} }
ConeInjectionCoeffs
{
SOI 0.001;
duration 0.005;
position ( 0.25 0.25 0.05 );
direction ( 0 -1 0 );
parcelsPerSecond 10000;
flowRateProfile Constant 0.01;
Umag Constant 50;
thetaInner Constant 0;
thetaOuter Constant 30;
parcelPDF
{
pdfType RosinRammler;
RosinRammlerPDF
{
minValue 5e-05;
maxValue 0.0001;
d ( 7.5e-05 );
n ( 0.5 );
}
}
}
StandardWallInteractionCoeffs StandardWallInteractionCoeffs
{ {
type rebound; type rebound;

View File

@ -19,8 +19,21 @@ solution
{ {
active true; active true;
coupled true; coupled true;
transient yes;
cellValueSourceCorrection on; cellValueSourceCorrection on;
sourceTerms
{
U
{
semiImplicit false;
}
hs
{
semiImplicit false;
}
}
interpolationSchemes interpolationSchemes
{ {
rho cell; rho cell;
@ -47,7 +60,7 @@ constantProperties
rho0 2500; rho0 2500;
T0 300; T0 300;
cp0 900; Cp0 900;
youngsModulus 1e9; youngsModulus 1e9;
poissonsRatio 0.35; poissonsRatio 0.35;
@ -88,7 +101,7 @@ subModels
ManualInjectionCoeffs ManualInjectionCoeffs
{ {
massTotal massTotal [ 1 0 0 0 0 ] 0.0001; massTotal 0.0001;
parcelBasisType mass; parcelBasisType mass;
SOI 0; SOI 0;
positionsFile "thermoCloud1Positions"; positionsFile "thermoCloud1Positions";