From ea4130707eb2db3a30ed6c3a673b013f47239927 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Andrew Heather <> Date: Tue, 10 Dec 2019 20:26:10 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] ENH: Added new multiphaseStabilizedTurbulence fvOption See GL #1433 Applies corrections to turbulence kinetic energy equation and turbulence viscosity field for incompressible multiphase flow cases. Turbulence kinetic energy is over-predicted in VOF solvers at the phase interface and throughout the water column in nearly-potential flow regions beneath surface waves. This fvOption applies corrections based on the references: Buoyancy source term in turbulence kinetic energy equation: Devolder, B., Rauwoens, P., and Troch, P. (2017). Application of a buoyancy-modified k-w SST turbulence model to simulate wave run-up around a monopile subjected to regular waves using OpenFOAM. Coastal Engineering, 125, 81-94. Correction to turbulence viscosity field: Larsen, B.E. and Fuhrman, D.R. (2018). On the over-production of turbulence beneath surface waves in Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes models J. Fluid Mech, 853, 419-460 Example usage: multiphaseStabilizedTurbulence1 { type multiphaseStabilizedTurbulence; active yes; multiphaseStabilizedTurbulenceCoeffs { // Optional coefficients lambda2 0.1; // A value of 0 sets the nut correction to 0 Cmu 0.09; // from k-epsilon model C 1.51; // model coefficient from k-omega model alpha 1.36; // 1/Prt } } Thanks go to the Turbulence Technical Committee, and the useful discussions with and code testing by Bjarke Eltard-Larsen and David Fuhrman (Technical University of Denmark). --- src/fvOptions/Make/files | 2 + .../multiphaseStabilizedTurbulence.C | 241 ++++++++++++++++++ .../multiphaseStabilizedTurbulence.H | 196 ++++++++++++++ 3 files changed, 439 insertions(+) create mode 100644 src/fvOptions/sources/derived/multiphaseStabilizedTurbulence/multiphaseStabilizedTurbulence.C create mode 100644 src/fvOptions/sources/derived/multiphaseStabilizedTurbulence/multiphaseStabilizedTurbulence.H diff --git a/src/fvOptions/Make/files b/src/fvOptions/Make/files index 2e91b07095..085a1af945 100644 --- a/src/fvOptions/Make/files +++ b/src/fvOptions/Make/files @@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ $(derivedSources)/explicitPorositySource/explicitPorositySource.C $(derivedSources)/jouleHeatingSource/jouleHeatingSource.C $(derivedSources)/meanVelocityForce/meanVelocityForce.C $(derivedSources)/meanVelocityForce/patchMeanVelocityForce/patchMeanVelocityForce.C +$(derivedSources)/multiphaseStabilizedTurbulence/multiphaseStabilizedTurbulence.C $(derivedSources)/phaseLimitStabilization/phaseLimitStabilization.C $(derivedSources)/radialActuationDiskSource/radialActuationDiskSource.C $(derivedSources)/rotorDiskSource/rotorDiskSource.C @@ -57,4 +58,5 @@ $(derivedConstraints)/velocityDampingConstraint/velocityDampingConstraint.C corrections/limitTemperature/limitTemperature.C corrections/limitVelocity/limitVelocity.C + LIB = $(FOAM_LIBBIN)/libfvOptions diff --git a/src/fvOptions/sources/derived/multiphaseStabilizedTurbulence/multiphaseStabilizedTurbulence.C b/src/fvOptions/sources/derived/multiphaseStabilizedTurbulence/multiphaseStabilizedTurbulence.C new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ae76698548 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/fvOptions/sources/derived/multiphaseStabilizedTurbulence/multiphaseStabilizedTurbulence.C @@ -0,0 +1,241 @@ +/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\ + ========= | + \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox + \\ / O peration | + \\ / A nd | www.openfoam.com + \\/ M anipulation | +------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + Copyright (C) 2019 OpenCFD Ltd. +------------------------------------------------------------------------------- +License + This file is part of OpenFOAM. + + OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it + under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by + the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or + (at your option) any later version. + + OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT + ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or + FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License + for more details. + + You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License + along with OpenFOAM. If not, see . + +\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/ + +#include "multiphaseStabilizedTurbulence.H" +#include "fvMatrices.H" +#include "turbulentTransportModel.H" +#include "gravityMeshObject.H" +#include "addToRunTimeSelectionTable.H" + +// * * * * * * * * * * * * * Static Member Functions * * * * * * * * * * * * // + +namespace Foam +{ +namespace fv +{ + defineTypeNameAndDebug(multiphaseStabilizedTurbulence, 0); + + addToRunTimeSelectionTable + ( + option, + multiphaseStabilizedTurbulence, + dictionary + ); +} +} + +// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Constructors * * * * * * * * * * * * * * // + +Foam::fv::multiphaseStabilizedTurbulence::multiphaseStabilizedTurbulence +( + const word& sourceName, + const word& modelType, + const dictionary& dict, + const fvMesh& mesh +) +: + option(sourceName, modelType, dict, mesh), + rhoName_(coeffs_.getOrDefault("rho", "rho")), + Cmu_ + ( + dimensionedScalar::lookupOrAddToDict + ( + "Cmu", + coeffs_, + 0.09 + ) + ), + C_ + ( + dimensionedScalar::lookupOrAddToDict + ( + "C", + coeffs_, + 1.51 + ) + ), + lambda2_ + ( + dimensionedScalar::lookupOrAddToDict + ( + "lambda2", + coeffs_, + 0.1 + ) + ), + alpha_ + ( + dimensionedScalar::lookupOrAddToDict + ( + "alpha", + coeffs_, + 1.36 + ) + ) +{ + fieldNames_.setSize(2, "undefined"); + + // Note: incompressible only + const auto* turbPtr = + mesh_.findObject + ( + turbulenceModel::propertiesName + ); + + if (turbPtr) + { + const tmp& tk = turbPtr->k(); + fieldNames_[0] = tk().name(); + + const tmp& tnut = turbPtr->nut(); + fieldNames_[1] = tnut().name(); + + Log << " Applying model to " << fieldNames_[0] + << " and " << fieldNames_[1] << endl; + } + else + { + FatalErrorInFunction + << "Unable to find incompressible turbulence model" + << exit(FatalError); + } + + applied_.setSize(fieldNames_.size(), false); +} + + +// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Member Functions * * * * * * * * * * * * * // + +void Foam::fv::multiphaseStabilizedTurbulence::addSup +( + const volScalarField& rho, + fvMatrix& eqn, + const label fieldi +) +{ + // Not applicable to compressible cases + NotImplemented; +} + + +void Foam::fv::multiphaseStabilizedTurbulence::addSup +( + fvMatrix& eqn, + const label fieldi +) +{ + if (fieldi != 0) + { + return; + } + + Log << this->name() << ": applying bouyancy production term to " + << eqn.psi().name() << endl; + + // Buoyancy production in k eqn + + const auto* turbPtr = + mesh_.findObject + ( + turbulenceModel::propertiesName + ); + + if (!turbPtr) + { + FatalErrorInFunction + << "Unable to find incompressible turbulence model" + << exit(FatalError); + } + + + tmp tepsilon = turbPtr->epsilon(); + const volScalarField& epsilon = tepsilon(); + const volScalarField& k = eqn.psi(); + + // Note: using solver density field for incompressible multiphase cases + const auto& rho = mesh_.lookupObject(rhoName_); + + const auto& g = meshObjects::gravity::New(mesh_.time()); + + const dimensionedScalar eps0("eps0", epsilon.dimensions(), SMALL); + + // Note: differing from reference by replacing nut/k by Cmu*k/epsilon + const volScalarField GbyK + ( + "GbyK", + Cmu_*k/(epsilon + eps0)*alpha_*(g & fvc::grad(rho))/rho + ); + + return eqn -= fvm::SuSp(GbyK, k); +} + + +void Foam::fv::multiphaseStabilizedTurbulence::correct(volScalarField& field) +{ + if (field.name() != fieldNames_[1]) + { + return; + } + + Log << this->name() << ": correcting " << field.name() << endl; + + const auto* turbPtr = + mesh_.findObject + ( + turbulenceModel::propertiesName + ); + + // nut correction + const auto& U = turbPtr->U(); + tmp tepsilon = turbPtr->epsilon(); + const auto& epsilon = tepsilon(); + tmp tk = turbPtr->k(); + const auto& k = tk(); + + tmp tgradU = fvc::grad(U); + const auto& gradU = tgradU(); + const dimensionedScalar pSmall("pSmall", dimless/sqr(dimTime), SMALL); + const volScalarField pRat + ( + magSqr(symm(gradU))/(magSqr(skew(gradU)) + pSmall) + ); + + const volScalarField epsilonTilde + ( + max + ( + epsilon, + lambda2_*C_*pRat*epsilon + ) + ); + + field = Cmu_*sqr(k)/epsilonTilde; + field.correctBoundaryConditions(); +} + + +// ************************************************************************* // diff --git a/src/fvOptions/sources/derived/multiphaseStabilizedTurbulence/multiphaseStabilizedTurbulence.H b/src/fvOptions/sources/derived/multiphaseStabilizedTurbulence/multiphaseStabilizedTurbulence.H new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5543cc28e3 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/fvOptions/sources/derived/multiphaseStabilizedTurbulence/multiphaseStabilizedTurbulence.H @@ -0,0 +1,196 @@ +/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\ + ========= | + \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox + \\ / O peration | + \\ / A nd | www.openfoam.com + \\/ M anipulation | +------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + Copyright (C) 2019 OpenCFD Ltd +------------------------------------------------------------------------------- +License + This file is part of OpenFOAM. + + OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it + under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by + the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or + (at your option) any later version. + + OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT + ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or + FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License + for more details. + + You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License + along with OpenFOAM. If not, see . + +Class + Foam::fv::multiphaseStabilizedTurbulence + +Group + grpFvOptionsSources + +Description + Applies corrections to the turbulence kinetic energy equation and turbulence + viscosity field for incompressible multiphase flow cases. + + Turbulence kinetic energy is over-predicted in VOF solvers at the phase + interface and throughout the water column in nearly-potential flow regions + beneath surface waves. + + This fvOption applies corrections based on the references: + \verbatim + Buoyancy source term in turbulence kinetic energy equation: + Devolder, B., Rauwoens, P., and Troch, P. (2017). + Application of a buoyancy-modified k-w SST turbulence model to + simulate wave run-up around a monopile subjected to regular waves + using OpenFOAM. + Coastal Engineering, 125, 81-94. + + Correction to turbulence viscosity: + Larsen, B.E. and Fuhrman, D.R. (2018). + On the over-production of turbulence beneath surface waves in + Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes models + J. Fluid Mech, 853, 419-460 + \endverbatim + +Usage + Example usage: + + \verbatim + multiphaseStabilizedTurbulence1 + { + type multiphaseStabilizedTurbulence; + active yes; + + multiphaseStabilizedTurbulenceCoeffs + { + // Optional coefficients + lambda2 0.1; // A value of 0 sets the nut correction to 0 + Cmu 0.09; // from k-epsilon model + C 1.51; // from k-omega model + alpha 1.36; // 1/Prt + } + } + \endverbatim + + The model C coefficient for the k-epsilon model equates to C2/C1 = 1.33; + the (default) value of 1.51 comes from the k-omega model and is more + conservative. + +SourceFiles + multiphaseStabilizedTurbulence.C + +\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/ + +#ifndef fv_multiphaseStabilizedTurbulence_H +#define fv_multiphaseStabilizedTurbulence_H + +#include "fvOption.H" +#include "dimensionedScalar.H" + +// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * // + +namespace Foam +{ +namespace fv +{ + +/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\ + Class multiphaseStabilizedTurbulence Declaration +\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/ + +class multiphaseStabilizedTurbulence +: + public option +{ + // Private data + + //- Name of density field + const word rhoName_; + + + // Model coefficients + + //- k-epsilon model Cmu coefficient + dimensionedScalar Cmu_; + + //- Model coefficient + // For k-epsilon models this equates to C2/C1 = 1.33 and for + // k-omega = 1.51. Here the default is the more conservative 1.51 + dimensionedScalar C_; + + //- lambda2 coefficient; default = 0.1 + dimensionedScalar lambda2_; + + //- Buoyancy coefficient + dimensionedScalar alpha_; + + + // Private Member Functions + + //- No copy construct + multiphaseStabilizedTurbulence + ( + const multiphaseStabilizedTurbulence& + ) = delete; + + //- No copy assignment + void operator=(const multiphaseStabilizedTurbulence&) = delete; + + +public: + + //- Runtime type information + TypeName("multiphaseStabilizedTurbulence"); + + + // Constructors + + //- Construct from explicit source name and mesh + multiphaseStabilizedTurbulence + ( + const word& sourceName, + const word& modelType, + const dictionary& dict, + const fvMesh& mesh + ); + + + // Member Functions + + //- Add explicit contribution to compressible k equation + virtual void addSup + ( + const volScalarField& rho, + fvMatrix& eqn, + const label fieldi + ); + + //- Add explicit contribution to incompressible k equation + virtual void addSup + ( + fvMatrix& eqn, + const label fieldi + ); + + //- Correct the turbulence viscosity + virtual void correct(volScalarField& field); + + //- Read source dictionary + virtual bool read(const dictionary& dict) + { + return true; + } +}; + + +// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * // + +} // End namespace fv +} // End namespace Foam + +// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * // + +#endif + +// ************************************************************************* //