ENH: snappyHexMesh. Added leak-path detection.

Detects connections (during refinement) between
locationsInsideMesh and locationsOutsideMesh and
writes a sampledSet for postprocessing.

applications/utilities/mesh/generation/snappyHexMesh/snappyHexMesh.C

@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ Description
 #include "fvMeshTools.H"
 #include "profiling.H"
 #include "processorMeshes.H"
+#include "vtkSetWriter.H"
 
 using namespace Foam;
 
@@ -788,6 +789,20 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 
     const bool keepPatches(meshDict.lookupOrDefault("keepPatches", false));
 
+    // format to be used for writing lines
+    const word setFormat
+    (
+        meshDict.lookupOrDefault
+        (
+            "setFormat",
+            vtkSetWriter<scalar>::typeName
+        )
+    );
+    const autoPtr<writer<scalar>> setFormatter
+    (
+        writer<scalar>::New(setFormat)
+    );
+
 
     // Read decomposePar dictionary
     dictionary decomposeDict;
@@ -1038,7 +1053,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
         (
             100.0,      // max size ratio
             1e-9,       // intersection tolerance
-            autoPtr<writer<scalar>>(new vtkSetWriter<scalar>()),
+            setFormatter,
             0.01,       // min triangle quality
             true
         );
@@ -1476,7 +1491,8 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
             decomposer,
             distributor,
             globalToMasterPatch,
-            globalToSlavePatch
+            globalToSlavePatch,
+            setFormatter
         );
 
 

applications/utilities/mesh/generation/snappyHexMesh/snappyHexMeshDict

@@ -785,6 +785,10 @@ meshQualityControls
 //    layerFields     // write volScalarField for layer coverage
 //);
 
+
+//// Format for writing lines. E.g. leak path. Default is vtk format.
+//setFormat ensight;
+
 // Merge tolerance. Is fraction of overall bounding box of initial mesh.
 // Note: the write tolerance needs to be higher than this.
 mergeTolerance 1e-6;

applications/utilities/parallelProcessing/redistributePar/Make/options

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ EXE_INC = \
     -I$(LIB_SRC)/parallel/decompose/decompose/lnInclude \
     -I$(LIB_SRC)/finiteVolume/lnInclude \
     -I$(LIB_SRC)/meshTools/lnInclude \
+    -I$(LIB_SRC)/fileFormats/lnInclude \
     -I$(LIB_SRC)/lagrangian/basic/lnInclude \
     -I$(LIB_SRC)/regionModels/regionModel/lnInclude \
     -I$(LIB_SRC)/dynamicMesh/lnInclude \

src/fileFormats/Make/files

@@ -52,5 +52,6 @@ $(setWriters)/raw/rawSetWriterRunTime.C
 $(setWriters)/vtk/vtkSetWriterRunTime.C
 $(setWriters)/xmgrace/xmgraceSetWriterRunTime.C
 $(setWriters)/csv/csvSetWriterRunTime.C
+$(setWriters)/nastran/nastranSetWriterRunTime.C
 
 LIB = $(FOAM_LIBBIN)/libfileFormats

src/fileFormats/sampledSetWriters/nastran/nastranSetWriter.C

@@ -0,0 +1,228 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     |
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2018 OpenCFD Ltd.
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "nastranSetWriter.H"
+#include "coordSet.H"
+#include "IOmanip.H"
+#include "addToRunTimeSelectionTable.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Constructors  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+template<class Type>
+Foam::nastranSetWriter<Type>::nastranSetWriter()
+:
+    writer<Type>()
+{}
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Destructor  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+template<class Type>
+Foam::nastranSetWriter<Type>::~nastranSetWriter()
+{}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Member Functions  * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+template<class Type>
+Foam::fileName Foam::nastranSetWriter<Type>::getFileName
+(
+    const coordSet& points,
+    const wordList& valueSetNames
+) const
+{
+    return this->getBaseName(points, valueSetNames) + ".nas";
+}
+
+
+template<class Type>
+void Foam::nastranSetWriter<Type>::write
+(
+    const coordSet& points,
+    const wordList& valueSetNames,
+    const List<const Field<Type>*>& valueSets,
+    Ostream& os
+) const
+{
+    os  << "TITLE=OpenFOAM "
+        << this->getBaseName(points, valueSetNames).c_str()
+        << nl
+        << "$" << nl
+        << "BEGIN BULK" << nl;
+
+    forAll(points, pointi)
+    {
+        fileFormats::NASCore::writeKeyword(os, "GRID", fieldFormat::FREE);
+
+        const point& pt = points[pointi];
+
+        //os.setf(std::ios_base::right);
+        //os  << setw(8) << pointi+1
+        //    << setw(8) << ' '
+        //    << setw(8) << float(pt.x())
+        //    << setw(8) << float(pt.y())
+        //    << setw(8) << float(pt.z())
+        //    << nl;
+        //os.unsetf(std::ios_base::right);
+        os  << ',' << pointi+1
+            << ','
+            << ',' << float(pt.x())
+            << ',' << float(pt.y())
+            << ',' << float(pt.z())
+            << nl;
+    }
+
+    if (false)
+    {
+        // Single track with multiple segments
+        const label nEdges = points.size()-1;
+        for (label edgei = 0; edgei < nEdges; ++edgei)
+        {
+            fileFormats::NASCore::writeKeyword
+            (
+                os,
+                "PLOTEL",
+                fieldFormat::FREE
+            );
+
+            //os.setf(std::ios_base::right);
+            //os  << setw(8) << edgei+1
+            //    << setw(8) << edgei+1
+            //    << setw(8) << edgei+2
+            //    << nl;
+            //os.unsetf(std::ios_base::right);
+            os  << ',' << edgei+1
+                << ',' << edgei+1
+                << ',' << edgei+2
+                << nl;
+        }
+    }
+
+    os << "ENDDATA" << nl;
+}
+
+
+template<class Type>
+void Foam::nastranSetWriter<Type>::write
+(
+    const bool writeTracks,
+    const PtrList<coordSet>& tracks,
+    const wordList& valueSetNames,
+    const List<List<Field<Type>>>& valueSets,
+    Ostream& os
+) const
+{
+    if (valueSets.size() != valueSetNames.size())
+    {
+        FatalErrorInFunction
+            << "Number of variables:" << valueSetNames.size() << endl
+            << "Number of valueSets:" << valueSets.size()
+            << exit(FatalError);
+    }
+    if (tracks.empty())
+    {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    os  << "TITLE=OpenFOAM "
+        << this->getBaseName(tracks[0], valueSetNames).c_str()
+        << nl
+        << "$" << nl
+        << "BEGIN BULK" << nl;
+
+//    label nTracks = tracks.size();
+//    label nPoints = 0;
+//    forAll(tracks, i)
+//    {
+//        nPoints += tracks[i].size();
+//    }
+
+    label globalPti = 0;
+    forAll(tracks, tracki)
+    {
+        const coordSet& points = tracks[tracki];
+        forAll(points, pointi)
+        {
+            fileFormats::NASCore::writeKeyword(os, "GRID", fieldFormat::FREE);
+
+            const point& pt = points[pointi];
+
+            //os.setf(std::ios_base::right);
+            //os  << setw(8) << globalPti++
+            //    << setw(8) << ' '
+            //    << setw(8) << float(pt.x())
+            //    << setw(8) << float(pt.y())
+            //    << setw(8) << float(pt.z())
+            //    << nl;
+            //os.unsetf(std::ios_base::right);
+            os  << ',' << globalPti++
+                << ','
+                << ',' << float(pt.x())
+                << ',' << float(pt.y())
+                << ',' << float(pt.z())
+                << nl;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (writeTracks)
+    {
+        // Write ids of track points to file
+        label globalEdgei = 0;
+        label globalPointi = 0;
+        forAll(tracks, tracki)
+        {
+            const coordSet& points = tracks[tracki];
+
+            const label nEdges = points.size()-1;
+            for (label edgei = 0; edgei < nEdges; ++edgei)
+            {
+                fileFormats::NASCore::writeKeyword
+                (
+                    os,
+                    "PLOTEL",
+                    fieldFormat::FREE
+                );
+
+                //os.setf(std::ios_base::right);
+                //os  << setw(8) << globalEdgei+1
+                //    << setw(8) << globalPointi+1
+                //    << setw(8) << globalPointi+2
+                //    << nl;
+                //os.unsetf(std::ios_base::right);
+
+                os  << ',' << globalEdgei+1
+                    << ',' << globalPointi+1
+                    << ',' << globalPointi+2
+                    << nl;
+                globalEdgei++;
+                globalPointi++;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    os << "ENDDATA" << nl;
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

src/fileFormats/sampledSetWriters/nastran/nastranSetWriter.H

@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     |
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2018 OpenCFD Ltd.
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+Class
+    Foam::nastranSetWriter
+
+Description
+    Line format in Nastran (currently hardcoded to 'free' format)
+
+    Does not do field data.
+
+SourceFiles
+    nastranSetWriter.C
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef nastranSetWriter_H
+#define nastranSetWriter_H
+
+#include "writer.H"
+#include "NASCore.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+                     Class nastranSetWriter Declaration
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+template<class Type>
+class nastranSetWriter
+:
+    public writer<Type>
+{
+public:
+
+    //- File field formats
+    using fieldFormat = Foam::fileFormats::NASCore::fieldFormat;
+
+private:
+
+    // Private Member Functions
+
+        //- Write the formatted keyword to the output stream
+        Ostream& writeKeyword
+        (
+            Ostream& os,
+            const word& keyword
+        ) const;
+
+
+public:
+
+    //- Runtime type information
+    TypeName("nastran");
+
+
+    // Constructors
+
+        //- Construct null
+        nastranSetWriter();
+
+
+    //- Destructor
+    virtual ~nastranSetWriter();
+
+
+    // Member Functions
+
+        virtual fileName getFileName
+        (
+            const coordSet&,
+            const wordList&
+        ) const;
+
+        virtual void write
+        (
+            const coordSet&,
+            const wordList&,
+            const List<const Field<Type>*>&,
+            Ostream&
+        ) const;
+
+        virtual void write
+        (
+            const bool writeTracks,
+            const PtrList<coordSet>&,
+            const wordList& valueSetNames,
+            const List<List<Field<Type>>>&,
+            Ostream&
+        ) const;
+};
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+} // End namespace Foam
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+#ifdef NoRepository
+    #include "nastranSetWriter.C"
+#endif
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+#endif
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

src/fileFormats/sampledSetWriters/nastran/nastranSetWriterRunTime.C

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     |
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2018 OpenCFD Ltd.
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "nastranSetWriter.H"
+#include "writers.H"
+#include "addToRunTimeSelectionTable.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+    makeSetWriters(nastranSetWriter);
+}
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

src/mesh/snappyHexMesh/Make/options

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ EXE_INC = \
     -I$(LIB_SRC)/parallel/decompose/decompositionMethods/lnInclude \
     -I$(LIB_SRC)/dynamicMesh/lnInclude \
     -I$(LIB_SRC)/finiteVolume/lnInclude \
+    -I$(LIB_SRC)/sampling/lnInclude \
     -I$(LIB_SRC)/lagrangian/basic/lnInclude \
     -I$(LIB_SRC)/fileFormats/lnInclude \
     -I$(LIB_SRC)/surfMesh/lnInclude \

src/mesh/snappyHexMesh/meshRefinement/meshRefinement.C

@@ -57,6 +57,10 @@ License
 #include "motionSmoother.H"
 #include "faceSet.H"
 
+// Leak path
+#include "shortestPathSet.H"
+#include "meshSearch.H"
+
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Static Data Members * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
 namespace Foam
@@ -2220,8 +2224,10 @@ Foam::label Foam::meshRefinement::findRegions
     const vector& perturbVec,
     const pointField& locationsInMesh,
     const pointField& locationsOutsideMesh,
+    const writer<scalar>& leakPathFormatter,
     const label nRegions,
-    labelList& cellRegion
+    labelList& cellRegion,
+    const boolList& blockedFace
 )
 {
     bitSet insideCell(mesh.nCells());
@@ -2273,11 +2279,170 @@ Foam::label Foam::meshRefinement::findRegions
             label index = insideRegions.find(regioni);
             if (index != -1)
             {
+                const polyBoundaryMesh& pbm = mesh.boundaryMesh();
+
+                fileName outputDir;
+                if (Pstream::master())
+                {
+                    outputDir =
+                        mesh.time().path()
+                      / (Pstream::parRun() ? ".." : "")
+                      / functionObject::outputPrefix
+                      / mesh.pointsInstance();
+                    outputDir.clean();
+                    mkDir(outputDir);
+                }
+
+
+                // Write the leak path
+
+                meshSearch searchEngine(mesh);
+                shortestPathSet leakPath
+                (
+                    "leakPath",
+                    mesh,
+                    searchEngine,
+                    coordSet::coordFormatNames[coordSet::coordFormat::DISTANCE],
+                    false,  //true,
+                    50,     // tbd. Number of iterations
+                    pbm.groupPatchIDs()["wall"],
+                    locationsInMesh,
+                    locationsOutsideMesh,
+                    blockedFace
+                );
+
+                // Split leak path according to segment. Note: segment index
+                // is global (= index in locationsInsideMesh)
+                List<pointList> segmentPoints;
+                List<scalarList> segmentDist;
+                {
+                    label nSegments = 0;
+                    if (leakPath.segments().size())
+                    {
+                        nSegments = max(leakPath.segments())+1;
+                    }
+                    reduce(nSegments, maxOp<label>());
+
+                    labelList nElemsPerSegment(nSegments, 0);
+                    for (label segmenti : leakPath.segments())
+                    {
+                        nElemsPerSegment[segmenti]++;
+                    }
+                    segmentPoints.setSize(nElemsPerSegment.size());
+                    segmentDist.setSize(nElemsPerSegment.size());
+                    forAll(nElemsPerSegment, i)
+                    {
+                        segmentPoints[i].setSize(nElemsPerSegment[i]);
+                        segmentDist[i].setSize(nElemsPerSegment[i]);
+                    }
+                    nElemsPerSegment = 0;
+
+                    forAll(leakPath, elemi)
+                    {
+                        label segmenti = leakPath.segments()[elemi];
+                        pointList& points = segmentPoints[segmenti];
+                        scalarList& dist = segmentDist[segmenti];
+                        label& n = nElemsPerSegment[segmenti];
+
+                        points[n] = leakPath[elemi];
+                        dist[n] = leakPath.curveDist()[elemi];
+                        n++;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                PtrList<coordSet> allLeakPaths(segmentPoints.size());
+                forAll(allLeakPaths, segmenti)
+                {
+                    // Collect data from all processors
+                    List<pointList> gatheredPts(Pstream::nProcs());
+                    gatheredPts[Pstream::myProcNo()] =
+                        std::move(segmentPoints[segmenti]);
+                    Pstream::gatherList(gatheredPts);
+
+                    List<scalarList> gatheredDist(Pstream::nProcs());
+                    gatheredDist[Pstream::myProcNo()] =
+                        std::move(segmentDist[segmenti]);
+                    Pstream::gatherList(gatheredDist);
+
+                    // Combine processor lists into one big list.
+                    pointList allPts
+                    (
+                        ListListOps::combine<pointList>
+                        (
+                            gatheredPts, accessOp<pointList>()
+                        )
+                    );
+                    scalarList allDist
+                    (
+                        ListListOps::combine<scalarList>
+                        (
+                            gatheredDist, accessOp<scalarList>()
+                        )
+                    );
+
+                    // Sort according to curveDist
+                    labelList indexSet;
+                    Foam::sortedOrder(allDist, indexSet);
+
+                    allLeakPaths.set
+                    (
+                        segmenti,
+                        new coordSet
+                        (
+                            leakPath.name(),
+                            leakPath.axis(),
+                            pointList(allPts, indexSet),
+                            //scalarList(allDist, indexSet)
+                            scalarList(allPts.size(), scalar(segmenti))
+                        )
+                    );
+                }
+
+                fileName fName;
+                if (Pstream::master())
+                {
+                    List<List<scalarField>> allLeakData(1);
+                    List<scalarField>& varData = allLeakData[0];
+                    varData.setSize(allLeakPaths.size());
+                    forAll(allLeakPaths, segmenti)
+                    {
+                        varData[segmenti] = allLeakPaths[segmenti].curveDist();
+                    }
+
+                    const wordList valueSetNames(1, "leakPath");
+
+                    fName =
+                        outputDir
+                       /leakPathFormatter.getFileName
+                        (
+                            allLeakPaths[0],
+                            valueSetNames
+                        );
+
+                    // Note scope to force writing to finish before
+                    // FatalError exit
+                    OFstream ofs(fName);
+                    if (ofs.opened())
+                    {
+                        leakPathFormatter.write
+                        (
+                            true,               // write tracks
+                            allLeakPaths,
+                            valueSetNames,
+                            allLeakData,
+                            ofs
+                        );
+                    }
+                }
+
+                Pstream::scatter(fName);
+
                 FatalErrorInFunction
                     << "Location in mesh " << locationsInMesh[index]
                     << " is inside same mesh region " << regioni
-                    << " as location outside mesh "
-                    << locationsOutsideMesh[i]
+                    << " as one of the locations outside mesh "
+                    << locationsOutsideMesh
+                    << nl << "    Dumped leak path to " << fName
                     << exit(FatalError);
             }
         }
@@ -2309,7 +2474,8 @@ Foam::autoPtr<Foam::mapPolyMesh> Foam::meshRefinement::splitMeshRegions
     const labelList& globalToMasterPatch,
     const labelList& globalToSlavePatch,
     const pointField& locationsInMesh,
-    const pointField& locationsOutsideMesh
+    const pointField& locationsOutsideMesh,
+    const writer<scalar>& leakPathFormatter
 )
 {
     // Force calculation of face decomposition (used in findCell)
@@ -2329,8 +2495,10 @@ Foam::autoPtr<Foam::mapPolyMesh> Foam::meshRefinement::splitMeshRegions
         mergeDistance_ * vector::one,   // perturbVec
         locationsInMesh,
         locationsOutsideMesh,
+        leakPathFormatter,
         cellRegion.nRegions(),
-        cellRegion
+        cellRegion,
+        blockedFace
     );
 
     // Subset

src/mesh/snappyHexMesh/meshRefinement/meshRefinement.H

@@ -56,6 +56,7 @@ SourceFiles
 #include "surfaceZonesInfo.H"
 #include "volumeType.H"
 #include "DynamicField.H"
+#include "writer.H"
 
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
@@ -1090,7 +1091,8 @@ public:
                 const labelList& globalToSlavePatch,
                 const pointField& locationsInMesh,
                 const wordList& regionsInMesh,
-                const pointField& locationsOutsideMesh
+                const pointField& locationsOutsideMesh,
+                const writer<scalar>& leakPathFormatter
             );
 
             //- Merge free-standing baffles
@@ -1106,7 +1108,8 @@ public:
                 const labelList& globalToMasterPatch,
                 const labelList& globalToSlavePatch,
                 const pointField& locationsInMesh,
-                const pointField& locationsOutsideMesh
+                const pointField& locationsOutsideMesh,
+                const writer<scalar>& leakPathFormatter
             );
 
             //- Split off (with optional buffer layers) unreachable areas
@@ -1120,7 +1123,8 @@ public:
 
                 const pointField& locationsInMesh,
                 const wordList& regionsInMesh,
-                const pointField& locationsOutsideMesh
+                const pointField& locationsOutsideMesh,
+                const writer<scalar>& leakPathFormatter
             );
 
             //- Remove cells from limitRegions if level -1
@@ -1278,8 +1282,10 @@ public:
                 const vector& perturbVec,
                 const pointField& locationsInMesh,
                 const pointField& locationsOutsideMesh,
+                const writer<scalar>& leakPathFormatter,
                 const label nRegions,
-                labelList& cellRegion
+                labelList& cellRegion,
+                const boolList& blockedFace
             );
 
             //- Split mesh. Keep part containing point. Return empty map if
@@ -1289,7 +1295,8 @@ public:
                 const labelList& globalToMasterPatch,
                 const labelList& globalToSlavePatch,
                 const pointField& locationsInMesh,
-                const pointField& locationsOutsideMesh
+                const pointField& locationsOutsideMesh,
+                const writer<scalar>& leakPathFormatter
             );
 
             //- Split faces into two

src/mesh/snappyHexMesh/meshRefinement/meshRefinementBaffles.C

@@ -3561,7 +3561,8 @@ void Foam::meshRefinement::baffleAndSplitMesh
 
     const pointField& locationsInMesh,
     const wordList& zonesInMesh,
-    const pointField& locationsOutsideMesh
+    const pointField& locationsOutsideMesh,
+    const writer<scalar>& leakPathFormatter
 )
 {
     // Introduce baffles
@@ -3695,7 +3696,8 @@ void Foam::meshRefinement::baffleAndSplitMesh
         globalToMasterPatch,
         globalToSlavePatch,
         locationsInMesh,
-        locationsOutsideMesh
+        locationsOutsideMesh,
+        leakPathFormatter
     );
 
     if (debug)
@@ -3737,7 +3739,8 @@ void Foam::meshRefinement::mergeFreeStandingBaffles
     const labelList& globalToMasterPatch,
     const labelList& globalToSlavePatch,
     const pointField& locationsInMesh,
-    const pointField& locationsOutsideMesh
+    const pointField& locationsOutsideMesh,
+    const writer<scalar>& leakPathFormatter
 )
 {
     // Merge baffles
@@ -3803,7 +3806,8 @@ void Foam::meshRefinement::mergeFreeStandingBaffles
             globalToMasterPatch,
             globalToSlavePatch,
             locationsInMesh,
-            locationsOutsideMesh
+            locationsOutsideMesh,
+            leakPathFormatter
         );
 
 
@@ -3827,7 +3831,8 @@ Foam::autoPtr<Foam::mapPolyMesh> Foam::meshRefinement::splitMesh
 
     const pointField& locationsInMesh,
     const wordList& zonesInMesh,
-    const pointField& locationsOutsideMesh
+    const pointField& locationsOutsideMesh,
+    const writer<scalar>& leakPathFormatter
 )
 {
     // Determine patches to put intersections into
@@ -3869,7 +3874,6 @@ Foam::autoPtr<Foam::mapPolyMesh> Foam::meshRefinement::splitMesh
 
 
     regionSplit cellRegion(mesh_, blockedFace);
-    blockedFace.clear();
 
     // Set unreachable cells to -1
     findRegions
@@ -3878,8 +3882,10 @@ Foam::autoPtr<Foam::mapPolyMesh> Foam::meshRefinement::splitMesh
         mergeDistance_ * vector::one,   // perturbVec
         locationsInMesh,
         locationsOutsideMesh,
+        leakPathFormatter,
         cellRegion.nRegions(),
-        cellRegion
+        cellRegion,
+        blockedFace
     );
 
     return splitMesh

src/mesh/snappyHexMesh/snappyHexMeshDriver/snappyRefineDriver.C

@@ -60,14 +60,16 @@ Foam::snappyRefineDriver::snappyRefineDriver
     decompositionMethod& decomposer,
     fvMeshDistribute& distributor,
     const labelUList& globalToMasterPatch,
-    const labelUList& globalToSlavePatch
+    const labelUList& globalToSlavePatch,
+    const writer<scalar>& setFormatter
 )
 :
     meshRefiner_(meshRefiner),
     decomposer_(decomposer),
     distributor_(distributor),
     globalToMasterPatch_(globalToMasterPatch),
-    globalToSlavePatch_(globalToSlavePatch)
+    globalToSlavePatch_(globalToSlavePatch),
+    setFormatter_(setFormatter)
 {}
 
 
@@ -1386,7 +1388,8 @@ void Foam::snappyRefineDriver::removeInsideCells
         globalToSlavePatch_,
         refineParams.locationsInMesh(),
         refineParams.zonesInMesh(),
-        refineParams.locationsOutsideMesh()
+        refineParams.locationsOutsideMesh(),
+        setFormatter_
     );
 
     if (debug&meshRefinement::MESH)
@@ -2353,7 +2356,8 @@ void Foam::snappyRefineDriver::baffleAndSplitMesh
         globalToSlavePatch_,
         refineParams.locationsInMesh(),
         refineParams.zonesInMesh(),
-        refineParams.locationsOutsideMesh()
+        refineParams.locationsOutsideMesh(),
+        setFormatter_
     );
 
 
@@ -2371,7 +2375,8 @@ void Foam::snappyRefineDriver::baffleAndSplitMesh
             globalToMasterPatch_,
             globalToSlavePatch_,
             refineParams.locationsInMesh(),
-            refineParams.locationsOutsideMesh()
+            refineParams.locationsOutsideMesh(),
+            setFormatter_
         );
     }
 }
@@ -2481,7 +2486,8 @@ void Foam::snappyRefineDriver::splitAndMergeBaffles
         globalToSlavePatch_,
         refineParams.locationsInMesh(),
         refineParams.zonesInMesh(),
-        refineParams.locationsOutsideMesh()
+        refineParams.locationsOutsideMesh(),
+        setFormatter_
     );
 
     // Merge free-standing baffles always
@@ -2497,7 +2503,8 @@ void Foam::snappyRefineDriver::splitAndMergeBaffles
         globalToMasterPatch_,
         globalToSlavePatch_,
         refineParams.locationsInMesh(),
-        refineParams.locationsOutsideMesh()
+        refineParams.locationsOutsideMesh(),
+        setFormatter_
     );
 
     if (debug)
@@ -2536,7 +2543,8 @@ void Foam::snappyRefineDriver::splitAndMergeBaffles
             globalToMasterPatch_,
             globalToSlavePatch_,
             refineParams.locationsInMesh(),
-            refineParams.locationsOutsideMesh()
+            refineParams.locationsOutsideMesh(),
+            setFormatter_
         );
 
         if (debug)

src/mesh/snappyHexMesh/snappyHexMeshDriver/snappyRefineDriver.H

@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ SourceFiles
 #include "labelList.H"
 #include "scalarField.H"
 #include "Tuple2.H"
+#include "writer.H"
 
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
@@ -76,6 +77,9 @@ class snappyRefineDriver
         //- From surface region to patch
         const labelList globalToSlavePatch_;
 
+        //- How to write lines. Used e.g. when writing leak-paths
+        const writer<scalar>& setFormatter_;
+
 
     // Private Member Functions
 
@@ -220,7 +224,8 @@ public:
             decompositionMethod& decomposer,
             fvMeshDistribute& distributor,
             const labelUList& globalToMasterPatch,
-            const labelUList& globalToSlavePatch
+            const labelUList& globalToSlavePatch,
+            const writer<scalar>& setFormatter
         );
 
 

src/sampling/sampledSet/sampledSet/sampledSet.C

@@ -419,7 +419,8 @@ void Foam::sampledSet::setSamples
 
 Foam::autoPtr<Foam::coordSet> Foam::sampledSet::gather
 (
-    labelList& indexSet
+    labelList& indexSet,
+    labelList& allSegments
 ) const
 {
     // Combine sampleSet from processors. Sort by curveDist. Return
@@ -448,12 +449,10 @@ Foam::autoPtr<Foam::coordSet> Foam::sampledSet::gather
             gatheredPts, accessOp<List<point>>()
         )
     );
-    labelList allSegments
-    (
+    allSegments =
         ListListOps::combine<labelList>
         (
             gatheredSegments, accessOp<labelList>()
-        )
         );
     scalarList allCurveDist
     (
@@ -475,6 +474,8 @@ Foam::autoPtr<Foam::coordSet> Foam::sampledSet::gather
     Foam::sortedOrder(allCurveDist, indexSet);      // uses stable sort
     scalarList sortedDist(allCurveDist, indexSet);  // with indices for mapping
 
+    allSegments = UIndirectList<label>(allSegments, indexSet)();
+
     return autoPtr<coordSet>::New
     (
         name(),

src/sampling/sampledSet/sampledSet/sampledSet.H

@@ -296,7 +296,11 @@ public:
 
         //- Helper: gather onto master and sort.
         //  \return (on master) gathered set and overall sort order
-        autoPtr<coordSet> gather(labelList& indexSet) const;
+        autoPtr<coordSet> gather
+        (
+            labelList& indexSet,
+            labelList& allSegments
+        ) const;
 };
 
 

src/sampling/sampledSet/sampledSets/sampledSets.C

@@ -69,10 +69,11 @@ void Foam::sampledSets::combineSampledSets
 
     forAll(sampledSets, setI)
     {
+        labelList segments;
         masterSampledSets.set
         (
             setI,
-            sampledSets[setI].gather(indexSets[setI])
+            sampledSets[setI].gather(indexSets[setI], segments)
         );
     }
 }

src/sampling/sampledSet/shortestPath/shortestPathSet.C

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   =========                 |
   \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
    \\    /   O peration     |
-    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2017 OpenCFD Ltd.
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2017-2018 OpenCFD Ltd.
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
@@ -30,6 +30,13 @@ License
 #include "addToRunTimeSelectionTable.H"
 #include "FaceCellWave.H"
 #include "syncTools.H"
+#include "fvMesh.H"
+#include "volFields.H"
+#include "OBJstream.H"
+#include "surfaceWriter.H"
+#include "meshedSurfRef.H"
+#include "PatchTools.H"
+#include "vtkSurfaceWriter.H"
 
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Static Data Members * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
@@ -47,6 +54,8 @@ Foam::label Foam::shortestPathSet::findMinFace
     const polyMesh& mesh,
     const label cellI,
     const List<topoDistanceData>& allFaceInfo,
+    const PackedBoolList& isLeakPoint,
+    const bool distanceMode,
     const point& origin
 )
 {
@@ -56,6 +65,7 @@ Foam::label Foam::shortestPathSet::findMinFace
 
     label minDist = labelMax;
     label minFaceI = -1;
+    label nMin = 0;
     forAll(cFaces2, i)
     {
         label faceI = cFaces2[i];
@@ -64,10 +74,20 @@ Foam::label Foam::shortestPathSet::findMinFace
         {
             minDist = info.distance();
             minFaceI = faceI;
+            nMin = 1;
+        }
+        else if (info.distance() == minDist)
+        {
+            nMin++;
         }
     }
 
-    // 2. Check all faces with minDist for minimum distance to origin
+    if (nMin > 1)
+    {
+        // 2. Check all faces with minDist for minimum (or maximum)
+        //    distance to origin
+        if (distanceMode)
+        {
             scalar minDist2 = ROOTVGREAT;
             forAll(cFaces2, i)
             {
@@ -82,43 +102,76 @@ Foam::label Foam::shortestPathSet::findMinFace
                     }
                 }
             }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            // Avoid leak points
+            label minLeakPoints = labelMax;
+            forAll(cFaces2, i)
+            {
+                label faceI = cFaces2[i];
+                if (allFaceInfo[faceI].distance() == minDist)
+                {
+                    // Count number of leak points
+                    label nLeak = 0;
+                    {
+                        const face& f = mesh.faces()[faceI];
+                        forAll(f, fp)
+                        {
+                            if (isLeakPoint[f[fp]])
+                            {
+                                nLeak++;
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    if (nLeak < minLeakPoints)
+                    {
+                        minLeakPoints = nLeak;
+                        minFaceI  = faceI;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
 
     return minFaceI;
 }
 
 
-void Foam::shortestPathSet::genSamples(const polyMesh& mesh)
+void Foam::shortestPathSet::calculateDistance
+(
+    const label iter,
+    const polyMesh& mesh,
+    const label cellI,
+
+    List<topoDistanceData>& allFaceInfo,
+    List<topoDistanceData>& allCellInfo
+) const
 {
-    // Storage for sample points
-    DynamicList<point> samplingPts;
-    DynamicList<label> samplingCells;
-    DynamicList<label> samplingFaces;
-    DynamicList<label> samplingSegments;
-    DynamicList<scalar> samplingCurveDist;
+    int dummyTrackData = 0;
 
-    forAll(insidePoints_, pointI)
+    // Seed faces on cell1
+    DynamicList<topoDistanceData> faceDist;
+    DynamicList<label> cFaces1;
+
+    if (cellI != -1)
     {
-        label cell1I = mesh.findCell(insidePoints_[pointI]);
+        const labelList& cFaces = mesh.cells()[cellI];
+        faceDist.reserve(cFaces.size());
+        cFaces1.reserve(cFaces.size());
 
-        //
-        // Pass1: Set initial changed faces from cell1 (seed)
-        //
-
-        List<topoDistanceData> faceDist;
-        labelList cFaces1;
-
-        if (cell1I != -1)
+        for (label facei : cFaces)
         {
-            cFaces1 = mesh.cells()[cell1I];
-            faceDist.setSize
-            (
-                cFaces1.size(),
-                topoDistanceData(123, 0)
-            );
+            if (!allFaceInfo[facei].valid(dummyTrackData))
+            {
+                cFaces1.append(facei);
+                faceDist.append(topoDistanceData(123, 0));
+            }
+        }
     }
 
-        List<topoDistanceData> allFaceInfo(mesh.nFaces());
-        List<topoDistanceData> allCellInfo(mesh.nCells());
+
 
     // Walk through face-cell wave till all cells are reached
     FaceCellWave
@@ -134,38 +187,239 @@ void Foam::shortestPathSet::genSamples(const polyMesh& mesh)
         mesh.globalData().nTotalCells()+1   // max iterations
     );
 
-        // Pass2: walk from outside points backwards. Note: could be done using
-        //        FaceCellWave as well but is overly complex since does
-        //        not allow logic comparing all faces of a cell.
+
+    if (debug)
+    {
+        const fvMesh& fm = refCast<const fvMesh>(mesh);
+
+        const_cast<fvMesh&>(fm).setInstance(fm.time().timeName());
+        fm.write();
+        volScalarField fld
+        (
+            IOobject
+            (
+                "allCellInfo" + Foam::name(iter),
+                fm.time().timeName(),
+                fm,
+                IOobject::NO_READ,
+                IOobject::NO_WRITE
+            ),
+            fm,
+            dimensionedScalar(dimless, Zero)
+        );
+        forAll(allCellInfo, celli)
+        {
+            fld[celli] = allCellInfo[celli].distance();
+        }
+        forAll(fld.boundaryField(), patchi)
+        {
+            const polyPatch& pp = mesh.boundaryMesh()[patchi];
+            SubList<topoDistanceData> p(pp.patchSlice(allFaceInfo));
+            scalarField pfld(fld.boundaryField()[patchi].size());
+            forAll(pfld, i)
+            {
+                pfld[i] = 1.0*allFaceInfo[pp.start()+i].distance();
+            }
+            fld.boundaryFieldRef()[patchi] == pfld;
+        }
+        //Note: do not swap cell values so do not do
+        //fld.correctBoundaryConditions();
+        fld.write();
+    }
+}
+
+
+void Foam::shortestPathSet::sync
+(
+    const polyMesh& mesh,
+    PackedBoolList& isLeakFace,
+    PackedBoolList& isLeakPoint,
+    const label celli,
+    point& origin,
+    bool& findMinDistance
+) const
+{
+    syncTools::syncPointList
+    (
+        mesh,
+        isLeakPoint,
+        orEqOp<unsigned int>(),
+        0u
+    );
+    syncTools::syncFaceList
+    (
+        mesh,
+        isLeakFace,
+        orEqOp<unsigned int>()
+    );
+    // Sync origin, findMinDistance
+    {
+        typedef Tuple2<label, Tuple2<point, bool>> ProcData;
+
+        ProcData searchData
+        (
+            celli,
+            Tuple2<point, bool>(origin, findMinDistance)
+        );
+        Foam::combineReduce
+        (
+            searchData,
+            [](ProcData& x, const ProcData& y)
+            {
+                if (y.first() != -1)
+                {
+                    x = y;
+                }
+            }
+        );
+        origin = searchData.second().first();
+        findMinDistance = searchData.second().second();
+    }
+}
+
+
+bool Foam::shortestPathSet::touchesWall
+(
+    const polyMesh& mesh,
+    const label facei,
+
+    PackedBoolList& isLeakFace,
+    const PackedBoolList& isLeakPoint
+) const
+{
+    // Check if facei touches leakPoint
+    const face& f = mesh.faces()[facei];
+    forAll(f, fp)
+    {
+        if (isLeakPoint[f[fp]])
+        {
+            if (isLeakFace.set(facei))
+            {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    return false;
+}
+
+
+void Foam::shortestPathSet::genSamples
+(
+    const bool markLeakPath,
+    const label maxIter,
+    const polyMesh& mesh,
+    const boolList& isBlockedFace,
+    const point& insidePoint,
+    const label insideCelli,
+    const point& outsidePoint,
+
+    DynamicList<point>& samplingPts,
+    DynamicList<label>& samplingCells,
+    DynamicList<label>& samplingFaces,
+    DynamicList<label>& samplingSegments,
+    DynamicList<scalar>& samplingCurveDist,
+    PackedBoolList& isLeakCell,
+    PackedBoolList& isLeakFace,
+    PackedBoolList& isLeakPoint
+) const
+{
+    const topoDistanceData maxData(labelMax, labelMax);
+
+    // Get the target point
+    label outsideCelli = mesh.findCell(outsidePoint);
+
+    // Maintain overall track length. Used to make curveDist continuous.
+    label trackLength = 0;
+
+    for (label iter = 0; iter < maxIter; iter++)
+    {
+        List<topoDistanceData> allFaceInfo(mesh.nFaces());
+        List<topoDistanceData> allCellInfo(mesh.nCells());
+
+        // Mark blocked faces with high distance
+        forAll(isBlockedFace, facei)
+        {
+            if (isBlockedFace[facei])
+            {
+                allFaceInfo[facei] = maxData;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (markLeakPath)
+        {
+            // Mark any previously found leak path. This marks all
+            // faces of all cells on the path. This will make sure that
+            // ultimately the path will go through another gap.
+            forAll(isLeakCell, celli)
+            {
+                if (celli != insideCelli && celli != outsideCelli)
+                {
+                    if (isLeakCell[celli])
+                    {
+                        allCellInfo[celli] = maxData;
+                        const cell& cFaces = mesh.cells()[celli];
+                        for (auto facei : cFaces)
+                        {
+                            allFaceInfo[facei] = maxData;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Mark any previously found leak faces. These are faces that
+        // are (point-)connected to an existing boundary.
+        forAll(isLeakFace, facei)
+        {
+            if (isLeakFace[facei])
+            {
+                allFaceInfo[facei] = maxData;
+            }
+        }
+
+
+        // Pass1: Get distance to insideCelli
+
+        calculateDistance(iter, mesh, insideCelli, allFaceInfo, allCellInfo);
+
+
+
+        // Pass2: walk from outside points backwards. Note: could be done
+        //        using FaceCellWave as well but is overly complex since
+        //        does not allow logic comparing all faces of a cell.
 
         const polyBoundaryMesh& pbm = mesh.boundaryMesh();
 
-        // Get the target point
-        label cell2I = mesh.findCell(outsidePoints_[pointI]);
 
-        // The number of cells between cell1 and cell2 is the max number of
-        // iterations to search backward
-        label nPathPoints = 0;
-
-        if (cell2I != -1)
+        bool targetFound = false;
+        if (outsideCelli != -1)
         {
-            if (!allCellInfo[cell2I].valid(wallDistCalc.data()))
+            int dummyTrackData;
+            targetFound = allCellInfo[outsideCelli].valid(dummyTrackData);
+            if (!targetFound)
             {
                 WarningInFunction
-                    << "Point " << outsidePoints_[pointI]
-                    << " not reachable by walk. Probably mesh has "
-                    << " island/regions. Skipped route detection." << endl;
-                return;
+                    << "Point " << outsidePoint
+                    << " not reachable by walk from " << insidePoint
+                    << ". Probably mesh has island/regions."
+                    << " Skipped route detection." << endl;
+            }
+        }
+        reduce(targetFound, orOp<bool>());
+        if (!targetFound)
+        {
+            break;
         }
 
-            nPathPoints = allCellInfo[cell2I].distance();
-        }
-        reduce(nPathPoints, maxOp<label>());
 
         // Start with given target cell and walk back
-        label frontCellI = cell2I;
+        // If point happens to be on multiple processors, random pick
+        label frontCellI = outsideCelli;
+        point origin(outsidePoint);
+        bool findMinDistance = true;
 
-        while (nPathPoints--)
+        while (true)
         {
             label frontFaceI = -1;
 
@@ -180,21 +434,32 @@ void Foam::shortestPathSet::genSamples(const polyMesh& mesh)
                 //   x  |  x  2  1  2  2  3  3  4  4
                 //  --- + --- + --- + -3- + -4- + -5-
                 //   x  |  x  3  2  3  3  4  4  5  5
-                // e.g. if we start from cell with value = 4, we have neighbour
-                // faces 4, 4, 5, 5. Choose 4 (least distance to seed)
-                // and continue...
+                // e.g. if we start from cell with value = 4, we have
+                // neighbour faces 4, 4, 5, 5. Choose 4 (least distance
+                // to seed) and continue...
 
                 frontFaceI = findMinFace
                 (
                     mesh,
                     frontCellI,
                     allFaceInfo,
-                    outsidePoints_[pointI]
+                    isLeakPoint,
+                    findMinDistance,    // mode : find min or find max
+                    origin
                 );
 
+
                 // Loop until we hit a boundary face
+                PackedBoolList isNewLeakPoint(isLeakPoint);
                 while (mesh.isInternalFace(frontFaceI))
                 {
+                    if (isBlockedFace.size() && isBlockedFace[frontFaceI])
+                    {
+                        // Pout<< " Found blocked face" << endl;
+                        frontCellI = -1;
+                        break;
+                    }
+
                     // Step to neighbouring cell
                     label nbrCellI = mesh.faceOwner()[frontFaceI];
                     if (nbrCellI == frontCellI)
@@ -202,7 +467,7 @@ void Foam::shortestPathSet::genSamples(const polyMesh& mesh)
                         nbrCellI = mesh.faceNeighbour()[frontFaceI];
                     }
 
-                    if (nbrCellI == cell1I)
+                    if (nbrCellI == insideCelli)
                     {
                         // Pout<< " Found connection seed cell!" << endl;
                         frontCellI = -1;
@@ -217,27 +482,57 @@ void Foam::shortestPathSet::genSamples(const polyMesh& mesh)
                         mesh,
                         frontCellI,
                         allFaceInfo,
-                        outsidePoints_[pointI]
+                        isLeakPoint,
+                        findMinDistance,
+                        origin
                     );
 
-                    // Set the sampling point
+                    const topoDistanceData& cInfo = allCellInfo[frontCellI];
+                    const topoDistanceData& fInfo = allFaceInfo[frontFaceI];
+
+                    if (fInfo.distance() <= cInfo.distance())
+                    {
                         samplingPts.append(mesh.cellCentres()[frontCellI]);
                         samplingCells.append(frontCellI);
                         samplingFaces.append(-1);
-                    samplingSegments.append(pointI);
-                    //Check if mag of distance is useful
-                    samplingCurveDist.append(nPathPoints);
-                }
+                        samplingSegments.append(iter);
+                        samplingCurveDist.append
+                        (
+                            trackLength+cInfo.distance()
+                        );
+                        isLeakCell.set(frontCellI);
+
+                        if
+                        (
+                            touchesWall
+                            (
+                                mesh,
+                                frontFaceI,
+                                isLeakFace,
+                                isLeakPoint
+                            )
+                        )
+                        {
+                            isNewLeakPoint.set(mesh.faces()[frontFaceI]);
+                            origin = mesh.faceCentres()[frontFaceI];
+                            findMinDistance = false;
                         }
 
-            // Situation 1: we found the destination cell (do nothing)
-            if (!returnReduce(frontCellI != -1, orOp<bool>()))
+                    }
+                }
+                isLeakPoint.transfer(isNewLeakPoint);
+            }
+
+            // Situation 1: we found the destination cell (do nothing),
+            // frontCellI is -1 on all processors
+            if (returnReduce(frontCellI == -1, andOp<bool>()))
             {
                 break;
             }
 
             // Situation 2: we're on a coupled patch and might need to
-            //              switch processor/cell
+            //              switch processor/cell. We need to transfer:
+            //              -frontface -frontdistance -leak points/faces
             boolList isFront(mesh.nBoundaryFaces(), false);
 
             if (frontFaceI != -1)
@@ -246,32 +541,259 @@ void Foam::shortestPathSet::genSamples(const polyMesh& mesh)
             }
             syncTools::swapBoundaryFaceList(mesh, isFront);
 
+            label minCellDistance = labelMax;
+            if (frontCellI != -1)
+            {
+                minCellDistance = allCellInfo[frontCellI].distance();
+            }
+            reduce(minCellDistance, minOp<label>());
+
+            // Sync all leak data
+            sync
+            (
+                mesh,
+                isLeakFace,
+                isLeakPoint,
+                frontCellI,
+                origin,
+                findMinDistance
+            );
+
+
+
+            const label oldFrontFaceI = frontFaceI;
             frontCellI = -1;
+            frontFaceI = -1;
             forAll(pbm, patchI)
             {
                 const polyPatch& pp = pbm[patchI];
                 forAll(pp, i)
                 {
                     label faceI = pp.start()+i;
-                    if (isFront[faceI-mesh.nInternalFaces()])
+                    if
+                    (
+                        oldFrontFaceI == -1
+                     && isFront[faceI-mesh.nInternalFaces()]
+                     && (isBlockedFace.empty() || !isBlockedFace[faceI])
+                    )
                     {
+                        frontFaceI = faceI;
                         frontCellI = pp.faceCells()[i];
                         break;
                     }
                 }
 
-                if (frontCellI != -1)
+                if 
+                (
+                    frontCellI != -1 
+                 && allCellInfo[frontCellI].distance() < minCellDistance
+                )
                 {
+                    const topoDistanceData& cInfo = allCellInfo[frontCellI];
+
                     samplingPts.append(mesh.cellCentres()[frontCellI]);
                     samplingCells.append(frontCellI);
                     samplingFaces.append(-1);
-                    samplingSegments.append(pointI);
-                    samplingCurveDist.append(nPathPoints);
+                    samplingSegments.append(iter);
+                    samplingCurveDist.append
+                    (
+                        trackLength+cInfo.distance()
+                    );
+                    isLeakCell.set(frontCellI);
+
+                    // Check if frontFacei touches leakPoint
+                    if
+                    (
+                        touchesWall
+                        (
+                            mesh,
+                            frontFaceI,
+                            isLeakFace,
+                            isLeakPoint
+                        )
+                    )
+                    {
+                        isLeakPoint.set(mesh.faces()[frontFaceI]);
+                        origin = mesh.faceCentres()[frontFaceI];
+                        findMinDistance = false;
+                    }
+
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                // When seed cell is isolated by processor boundaries
+                if (insideCelli != -1 && frontCellI == insideCelli)
+                {
+                    // Pout<< " Found connection seed cell!" << endl;
+                    frontCellI = -1;
                     break;
                 }
             }
+
+            // Sync all leak data
+            sync
+            (
+                mesh,
+                isLeakFace,
+                isLeakPoint,
+                frontCellI,
+                origin,
+                findMinDistance
+            );
+        }
+
+
+        // Recalculate the overall trackLength
+        trackLength = returnReduce
+        (
+            (
+                samplingCurveDist.size()
+              ? samplingCurveDist.last()
+              : 0
+            ),
+            maxOp<scalar>()
+        );
+
+
+        if (debug)
+        {
+            const fvMesh& fm = refCast<const fvMesh>(mesh);
+
+            const_cast<fvMesh&>(fm).setInstance(fm.time().timeName());
+            volScalarField fld
+            (
+                IOobject
+                (
+                    "isLeakCell",
+                    fm.time().timeName(),
+                    fm,
+                    IOobject::NO_READ,
+                    IOobject::NO_WRITE
+                ),
+                fm,
+                dimensionedScalar(dimless, Zero)
+            );
+            forAll(isLeakCell, celli)
+            {
+                fld[celli] = isLeakCell[celli];
+            }
+            fld.correctBoundaryConditions();
+            fld.write();
         }
     }
+}
+
+
+void Foam::shortestPathSet::genSamples
+(
+    const bool markLeakPath,
+    const label maxIter,
+    const polyMesh& mesh,
+    const labelUList& wallPatches,
+    const boolList& isBlockedFace
+)
+{
+    // Storage for sample points
+    DynamicList<point> samplingPts;
+    DynamicList<label> samplingCells;
+    DynamicList<label> samplingFaces;
+    DynamicList<label> samplingSegments;
+    DynamicList<scalar> samplingCurveDist;
+
+    // Seed faces and points on 'real' boundary
+    PackedBoolList isLeakFace(mesh.nFaces());
+    PackedBoolList isLeakPoint(mesh.nPoints());
+    {
+        // Real boundaries
+        const polyBoundaryMesh& pbm = mesh.boundaryMesh();
+        for (label patchi : wallPatches)
+        {
+            const polyPatch& pp = pbm[patchi];
+            forAll(pp, i)
+            {
+                isLeakPoint.set(pp[i]);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Meshed boundaries
+        forAll(isBlockedFace, facei)
+        {
+            if (isBlockedFace[facei])
+            {
+                isLeakPoint.set(mesh.faces()[facei]);
+            }
+        }
+
+        syncTools::syncPointList
+        (
+            mesh,
+            isLeakPoint,
+            orEqOp<unsigned int>(),
+            0u
+        );
+    }
+
+
+    // All cells along leak paths
+    PackedBoolList isLeakCell(mesh.nCells());
+
+    label prevSegmenti = 0;
+    scalar prevDistance = 0.0;
+
+    for (auto insidePoint : insidePoints_)
+    {
+        const label insideCelli = mesh.findCell(insidePoint);
+
+        for (auto outsidePoint : outsidePoints_)
+        {
+            const label nOldSamples = samplingSegments.size();
+
+            // Append any leak path to sampling*
+            genSamples
+            (
+                markLeakPath,
+                maxIter,
+                mesh,
+                isBlockedFace,
+                insidePoint,
+                insideCelli,
+                outsidePoint,
+
+                samplingPts,
+                samplingCells,
+                samplingFaces,
+                samplingSegments,
+                samplingCurveDist,
+                isLeakCell,
+                isLeakFace,
+                isLeakPoint
+            );
+
+            // Make segment, distance consecutive
+            label maxSegment = 0;
+            scalar maxDistance = 0.0;
+            for (label i = nOldSamples; i < samplingSegments.size(); ++i)
+            {
+                samplingSegments[i] += prevSegmenti;
+                maxSegment = max(maxSegment, samplingSegments[i]);
+                samplingCurveDist[i] += prevDistance;
+                maxDistance = max(maxDistance, samplingCurveDist[i]);
+            }
+            prevSegmenti = returnReduce(maxSegment, maxOp<label>());
+            prevDistance = returnReduce(maxDistance, maxOp<scalar>());
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (debug)
+    {
+        const faceList leakFaces(mesh.faces(), isLeakFace.sortedToc());
+
+        OBJstream str(mesh.time().path()/"isLeakFace.obj");
+        str.write(leakFaces, mesh.points(), false);
+        Pout<< "Writing " << leakFaces.size() << " faces to " << str.name()
+            << endl;
+    }
+
 
     samplingPts.shrink();
     samplingCells.shrink();
@@ -304,15 +826,100 @@ Foam::shortestPathSet::shortestPathSet
     const polyMesh& mesh,
     const meshSearch& searchEngine,
     const word& axis,
+    const bool markLeakPath,
+    const label maxIter,
+    const labelUList& wallPatches,
     const pointField& insidePoints,
-    const pointField& outsidePoints
+    const pointField& outsidePoints,
+    const boolList& isBlockedFace
 )
 :
     sampledSet(name, mesh, searchEngine, axis),
     insidePoints_(insidePoints),
     outsidePoints_(outsidePoints)
 {
-    genSamples(mesh);
+    if (debug)
+    {
+        fileName outputDir;
+        if (Pstream::master())
+        {
+            outputDir =
+                mesh.time().path()
+              / (Pstream::parRun() ? ".." : "")
+              / functionObject::outputPrefix
+              / mesh.pointsInstance();
+            outputDir.clean();
+            mkDir(outputDir);
+            Info<< "shortestPathSet : Writing blocked faces to "
+                << outputDir << endl;
+        }
+
+        const vtkSurfaceWriter surfWriter;
+
+        const indirectPrimitivePatch setPatch
+        (
+            IndirectList<face>
+            (
+                mesh.faces(),
+                findIndices(isBlockedFace, true)
+            ),
+            mesh.points()
+        );
+        if (Pstream::parRun())
+        {
+            labelList pointToGlobal;
+            labelList uniqueMeshPointLabels;
+            autoPtr<globalIndex> globalPoints;
+            autoPtr<globalIndex> globalFaces;
+            faceList mergedFaces;
+            pointField mergedPoints;
+            Foam::PatchTools::gatherAndMerge
+            (
+                mesh,
+                setPatch.localFaces(),
+                setPatch.meshPoints(),
+                setPatch.meshPointMap(),
+
+                pointToGlobal,
+                uniqueMeshPointLabels,
+                globalPoints,
+                globalFaces,
+
+                mergedFaces,
+                mergedPoints
+            );
+
+            // Write
+            if (Pstream::master())
+            {
+                surfWriter.write
+                (
+                    outputDir,
+                    "blockedFace",
+                    meshedSurfRef
+                    (
+                        mergedPoints,
+                        mergedFaces
+                    )
+                );
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            surfWriter.write
+            (
+                outputDir,
+                "blockedFace",
+                meshedSurfRef
+                (
+                    setPatch.localPoints(),
+                    setPatch.localFaces()
+                )
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    genSamples(markLeakPath, maxIter, mesh, wallPatches, isBlockedFace);
 }
 
 
@@ -328,7 +935,22 @@ Foam::shortestPathSet::shortestPathSet
     insidePoints_(dict.get<pointField>("insidePoints")),
     outsidePoints_(dict.get<pointField>("outsidePoints"))
 {
-    genSamples(mesh);
+    const label maxIter(dict.lookupOrDefault<label>("maxIter", 50));
+    const bool markLeakPath(dict.lookupOrDefault<bool>("markLeakPath", true));
+
+    const polyBoundaryMesh& pbm = mesh.boundaryMesh();
+
+    DynamicList<label> wallPatches(pbm.size());
+    forAll(pbm, patchi)
+    {
+        const polyPatch& pp = pbm[patchi];
+        if (!pp.coupled() && !isA<emptyPolyPatch>(pp))
+        {
+            wallPatches.append(patchi);
+        }
+    }
+
+    genSamples(markLeakPath, maxIter, mesh, wallPatches, boolList());
 }
 
 

src/sampling/sampledSet/shortestPath/shortestPathSet.H

@@ -73,6 +73,7 @@ SourceFiles
 #define shortestPathSet_H
 
 #include "sampledSet.H"
+#include "PackedBoolList.H"
 
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
@@ -106,11 +107,81 @@ class shortestPathSet
             const polyMesh& mesh,
             const label cellI,
             const List<topoDistanceData>& allFaceInfo,
+            const PackedBoolList& isLeakPoint,
+            const bool minDistance,
             const point& origin
         );
 
-        //- Generate whole path
-        void genSamples(const polyMesh& mesh);
+        //- Sync the leak path data
+        void sync
+        (
+            const polyMesh& mesh,
+            PackedBoolList& isLeakFace,
+            PackedBoolList& isLeakPoint,
+            const label celli,
+            point& origin,
+            bool& findMinDistance
+        ) const;
+
+        //- Calculate (topological) distance to cellI
+        void calculateDistance
+        (
+            const label iter,
+            const polyMesh& mesh,
+            const label cellI,
+
+            List<topoDistanceData>& allFaceInfo,
+            List<topoDistanceData>& allCellInfo
+        ) const;
+
+        //- Checks if face uses a leak point
+        bool touchesWall
+        (
+            const polyMesh& mesh,
+            const label facei,
+
+            PackedBoolList& isLeakFace,
+            const PackedBoolList& isLeakPoint
+        ) const;
+
+        //- Calculate path between insideCelli (-1 if not on current processor)
+        //  and outsidePoint. Appends cellcentres on path to track.
+        //      isLeakCell  : track passes through cell
+        //      isLeakFace  : faces of leak cells that are also on boundary
+        //      isLeakPoint : points  of leak faces       ,,
+        void genSamples
+        (
+            const bool markLeakPath,
+            const label maxIter,
+            const polyMesh& mesh,
+            const boolList& isBlockedFace,
+            const point& insidePoint,
+            const label insideCelli,
+            const point& outsidePoint,
+
+            DynamicList<point>& samplingPts,
+            DynamicList<label>& samplingCells,
+            DynamicList<label>& samplingFaces,
+            DynamicList<label>& samplingSegments,
+            DynamicList<scalar>& samplingCurveDist,
+            PackedBoolList& isLeakCell,
+            PackedBoolList& isLeakFace,
+            PackedBoolList& isLeakPoint
+        ) const;
+
+        //- Generate whole path. With markLeakPath it will block all faces
+        //  along the whole path so will maximise the chances of finding
+        //  multiple gaps. With markLeakPath=false it will only block any
+        //  faces connected to a boundary. This makes for the nicest
+        //  hole-filling.
+        void genSamples
+        (
+            const bool markLeakPath,    // mark all cells along path
+            const label maxIter,
+            const polyMesh& mesh,
+            const labelUList& wallPatches,
+            const boolList& blockedFace
+        );
 
 
 public:
@@ -121,15 +192,20 @@ public:
 
     // Constructors
 
-        //- Construct from components
+        //- Construct from components. blockedFace is an optional specification
+        //  of face that behave as if a wall
         shortestPathSet
         (
             const word& name,
             const polyMesh& mesh,
             const meshSearch& searchEngine,
             const word& axis,
+            const bool markLeakPath,
+            const label maxIter,
+            const labelUList& wallPatches,
             const pointField& insidePoints,
-            const pointField& outsidePoints
+            const pointField& outsidePoints,
+            const boolList& blockedFace
         );
 
         //- Construct from dictionary

tutorials/mesh/snappyHexMesh/motorBike_leakDetection/0.orig/U

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| =========                 |                                                 |
+| \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox           |
+|  \\    /   O peration     | Version:  v1806                                 |
+|   \\  /    A nd           | Web:      www.OpenFOAM.com                      |
+|    \\/     M anipulation  |                                                 |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+    version     2.0;
+    format      ascii;
+    class       volVectorField;
+    location    "0";
+    object      U;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+#include        "include/initialConditions"
+
+dimensions      [0 1 -1 0 0 0 0];
+
+internalField   uniform $flowVelocity;
+
+boundaryField
+{
+    #includeEtc "caseDicts/setConstraintTypes"
+
+    #include "include/fixedInlet"
+
+    outlet
+    {
+        type            inletOutlet;
+        inletValue      uniform (0 0 0);
+        value           $internalField;
+    }
+
+    lowerWall
+    {
+        type            fixedValue;
+        value           $internalField;
+    }
+
+    motorBikeGroup
+    {
+        type            noSlip;
+    }
+
+    #include "include/frontBackUpperPatches"
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

tutorials/mesh/snappyHexMesh/motorBike_leakDetection/0.orig/include/fixedInlet

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| =========                 |                                                 |
+| \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox           |
+|  \\    /   O peration     | Version:  v1806                                 |
+|   \\  /    A nd           | Web:      www.OpenFOAM.com                      |
+|    \\/     M anipulation  |                                                 |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+inlet
+{
+    type  fixedValue;
+    value $internalField;
+}
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

tutorials/mesh/snappyHexMesh/motorBike_leakDetection/0.orig/include/frontBackUpperPatches

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| =========                 |                                                 |
+| \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox           |
+|  \\    /   O peration     | Version:  v1806                                 |
+|   \\  /    A nd           | Web:      www.OpenFOAM.com                      |
+|    \\/     M anipulation  |                                                 |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+upperWall
+{
+    type slip;
+}
+
+frontAndBack
+{
+    type slip;
+}
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

tutorials/mesh/snappyHexMesh/motorBike_leakDetection/0.orig/include/initialConditions

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| =========                 |                                                 |
+| \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox           |
+|  \\    /   O peration     | Version:  v1806                                 |
+|   \\  /    A nd           | Web:      www.OpenFOAM.com                      |
+|    \\/     M anipulation  |                                                 |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+flowVelocity         (20 0 0);
+pressure             0;
+turbulentKE          0.24;
+turbulentOmega       1.78;
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

tutorials/mesh/snappyHexMesh/motorBike_leakDetection/0.orig/k

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| =========                 |                                                 |
+| \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox           |
+|  \\    /   O peration     | Version:  v1806                                 |
+|   \\  /    A nd           | Web:      www.OpenFOAM.com                      |
+|    \\/     M anipulation  |                                                 |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+    version     2.0;
+    format      ascii;
+    class       volScalarField;
+    object      k;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+#include        "include/initialConditions"
+
+dimensions      [0 2 -2 0 0 0 0];
+
+internalField   uniform $turbulentKE;
+
+boundaryField
+{
+    #includeEtc "caseDicts/setConstraintTypes"
+
+    //- Define inlet conditions
+    #include "include/fixedInlet"
+
+    outlet
+    {
+        type            inletOutlet;
+        inletValue      $internalField;
+        value           $internalField;
+    }
+
+    lowerWall
+    {
+        type            kqRWallFunction;
+        value           $internalField;
+    }
+
+    motorBikeGroup
+    {
+        type            kqRWallFunction;
+        value           $internalField;
+    }
+
+    #include "include/frontBackUpperPatches"
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

tutorials/mesh/snappyHexMesh/motorBike_leakDetection/0.orig/nut

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| =========                 |                                                 |
+| \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox           |
+|  \\    /   O peration     | Version:  v1806                                 |
+|   \\  /    A nd           | Web:      www.OpenFOAM.com                      |
+|    \\/     M anipulation  |                                                 |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+    version     2.0;
+    format      ascii;
+    class       volScalarField;
+    location    "0";
+    object      nut;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+dimensions      [0 2 -1 0 0 0 0];
+
+internalField   uniform 0;
+
+boundaryField
+{
+    #includeEtc "caseDicts/setConstraintTypes"
+
+    frontAndBack
+    {
+        type            calculated;
+        value           uniform 0;
+    }
+
+    inlet
+    {
+        type            calculated;
+        value           uniform 0;
+    }
+
+    outlet
+    {
+        type            calculated;
+        value           uniform 0;
+    }
+
+    lowerWall
+    {
+        type            nutkWallFunction;
+        value           uniform 0;
+    }
+
+    upperWall
+    {
+        type            calculated;
+        value           uniform 0;
+    }
+
+    motorBikeGroup
+    {
+        type            nutkWallFunction;
+        value           uniform 0;
+    }
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

tutorials/mesh/snappyHexMesh/motorBike_leakDetection/0.orig/omega

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| =========                 |                                                 |
+| \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox           |
+|  \\    /   O peration     | Version:  v1806                                 |
+|   \\  /    A nd           | Web:      www.OpenFOAM.com                      |
+|    \\/     M anipulation  |                                                 |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+    version     2.0;
+    format      ascii;
+    class       volScalarField;
+    object      omega;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+#include        "include/initialConditions"
+
+dimensions      [0 0 -1 0 0 0 0];
+
+internalField   uniform $turbulentOmega;
+
+boundaryField
+{
+    #includeEtc "caseDicts/setConstraintTypes"
+
+    #include "include/fixedInlet"
+
+    outlet
+    {
+        type            inletOutlet;
+        inletValue      $internalField;
+        value           $internalField;
+    }
+
+    lowerWall
+    {
+        type            omegaWallFunction;
+        value           $internalField;
+    }
+
+    motorBikeGroup
+    {
+        type            omegaWallFunction;
+        value           $internalField;
+    }
+
+    #include "include/frontBackUpperPatches"
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

tutorials/mesh/snappyHexMesh/motorBike_leakDetection/0.orig/p

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| =========                 |                                                 |
+| \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox           |
+|  \\    /   O peration     | Version:  v1806                                 |
+|   \\  /    A nd           | Web:      www.OpenFOAM.com                      |
+|    \\/     M anipulation  |                                                 |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+    version     2.0;
+    format      ascii;
+    class       volScalarField;
+    object      p;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+#include        "include/initialConditions"
+
+dimensions      [0 2 -2 0 0 0 0];
+
+internalField   uniform $pressure;
+
+boundaryField
+{
+    #includeEtc "caseDicts/setConstraintTypes"
+
+    inlet
+    {
+        type            zeroGradient;
+    }
+
+    outlet
+    {
+        type            fixedValue;
+        value           $internalField;
+    }
+
+    lowerWall
+    {
+        type            zeroGradient;
+    }
+
+    motorBikeGroup
+    {
+        type            zeroGradient;
+    }
+
+    #include "include/frontBackUpperPatches"
+}
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

tutorials/mesh/snappyHexMesh/motorBike_leakDetection/Allclean

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+cd ${0%/*} || exit 1                        # Run from this directory
+. $WM_PROJECT_DIR/bin/tools/CleanFunctions  # Tutorial clean functions
+
+cleanCase0
+
+# Remove surface and features
+rm -f constant/triSurface/*.eMesh  > /dev/null 2>&1
+rm -rf constant/extendedFeatureEdgeMesh    > /dev/null 2>&1
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

tutorials/mesh/snappyHexMesh/motorBike_leakDetection/Allrun

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+cd ${0%/*} || exit 1                        # Run from this directory
+. $WM_PROJECT_DIR/bin/tools/RunFunctions    # Tutorial run functions
+
+# Alternative decomposeParDict name:
+decompDict="-decomposeParDict system/decomposeParDict.6"
+## Standard decomposeParDict name:
+# unset decompDict
+
+runApplication surfaceFeatureExtract
+
+runApplication blockMesh
+
+runApplication $decompDict decomposePar
+
+# Using distributedTriSurfaceMesh?
+if foamDictionary -entry geometry -value system/snappyHexMeshDict | \
+   grep -q distributedTriSurfaceMesh
+then
+    runParallel $decompDict surfaceRedistributePar motorBike.obj independent
+fi
+
+runParallel $decompDict snappyHexMesh -overwrite
+
+runParallel $decompDict checkMesh -writeFields '(nonOrthoAngle)' -constant
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

tutorials/mesh/snappyHexMesh/motorBike_leakDetection/constant/transportProperties

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| =========                 |                                                 |
+| \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox           |
+|  \\    /   O peration     | Version:  v1806                                 |
+|   \\  /    A nd           | Web:      www.OpenFOAM.com                      |
+|    \\/     M anipulation  |                                                 |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+    version     2.0;
+    format      ascii;
+    class       dictionary;
+    object      transportProperties;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+transportModel  Newtonian;
+
+nu              1.5e-05;
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

tutorials/mesh/snappyHexMesh/motorBike_leakDetection/constant/triSurface/README

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+Directory to house tri-surfaces
+
+The Allrun script copies the surface from the $FOAM_TUTORIALS/resources/geometry
+directory

tutorials/mesh/snappyHexMesh/motorBike_leakDetection/constant/triSurface/bag_open.obj

@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+# Wavefront OBJ file written 2018-08-03T14:33:08
+o bag_open
+
+# points : 42
+# faces  : 78
+# zones  : 1
+#   0  bag  (nFaces: 78)
+
+# <points count="42">
+v 0.731382 -0.184759 1.21724
+v 0.730354 0.179212 1.2226
+v 0.763861 -0.186029 1.30968
+v 0.762833 0.177942 1.31504
+v 0.767511 -0.186152 1.31877
+v 0.768041 -0.186168 1.31992
+v 0.766482 0.177819 1.32413
+v 0.773217 -0.186297 1.3297
+v 0.772189 0.177674 1.33506
+v 0.779326 -0.186416 1.33893
+v 0.778297 0.177555 1.34429
+v 1.11457 -0.181694 1.08265
+v 1.11354 0.182278 1.08801
+v 0.7863 -0.186523 1.34752
+v 0.785272 0.177448 1.35288
+v 0.794069 -0.186617 1.35537
+v 0.79304 0.177355 1.36073
+v 0.802557 -0.186696 1.36242
+v 0.801529 0.177275 1.36778
+v 0.811685 -0.186762 1.3686
+v 0.810657 0.17721 1.37396
+v 0.821369 -0.186812 1.37385
+v 0.820341 0.17716 1.37921
+v 0.831521 -0.186846 1.37812
+v 0.830492 0.177126 1.38348
+v 0.842048 -0.186864 1.38138
+v 0.841019 0.177107 1.38674
+v 0.852854 -0.186866 1.38359
+v 0.851825 0.177105 1.38895
+v 0.863837 -0.186852 1.38474
+v 0.862809 0.177119 1.3901
+v 0.874894 -0.186822 1.38481
+v 0.873866 0.177149 1.39017
+v 0.885914 -0.186776 1.3838
+v 0.884886 0.177195 1.38916
+v 0.898014 -0.186706 1.38141
+v 0.895756 0.177257 1.38708
+v 0.907386 -0.186638 1.37858
+v 0.896986 0.177265 1.38677
+v 0.906357 0.177333 1.38394
+v 1.18436 -0.184423 1.2813
+v 1.18333 0.179549 1.28666
+# </points>
+
+# <faces count="78">
+g bag
+f 2 1 4
+f 4 1 3
+f 3 5 4
+f 4 5 7
+f 7 5 6
+f 9 6 8
+f 10 9 8
+f 10 11 9
+f 10 14 11
+f 11 14 15
+f 15 14 16
+f 17 16 18
+f 19 18 20
+f 21 20 22
+f 23 22 24
+f 25 24 26
+f 27 26 28
+f 29 28 30
+f 31 30 32
+f 33 32 34
+f 35 34 37
+f 35 33 34
+f 34 36 37
+f 37 36 39
+f 39 36 38
+f 40 39 38
+f 33 31 32
+f 31 29 30
+f 29 27 28
+f 27 25 26
+f 25 23 24
+f 23 21 22
+f 21 19 20
+f 19 17 18
+f 17 15 16
+f 9 7 6
+f 13 2 40
+f 42 13 40
+f 7 9 4
+f 4 9 11
+f 40 11 33
+f 35 40 33
+f 35 37 40
+f 40 37 39
+f 11 15 33
+f 33 15 31
+f 31 15 17
+f 29 17 19
+f 27 19 21
+f 25 21 23
+f 25 27 21
+f 27 29 19
+f 29 31 17
+f 2 4 40
+f 40 4 11
+f 41 38 12
+f 12 38 1
+f 1 38 3
+f 3 38 10
+f 8 3 10
+f 8 6 3
+f 3 6 5
+f 36 34 38
+f 38 34 32
+f 10 32 14
+f 10 38 32
+f 32 30 14
+f 14 30 16
+f 16 30 28
+f 18 28 26
+f 20 26 24
+f 22 20 24
+f 20 18 26
+f 18 16 28
+f 42 40 41
+f 41 40 38
+f 41 12 42
+f 42 12 13
+# </faces>

tutorials/mesh/snappyHexMesh/motorBike_leakDetection/constant/turbulenceProperties

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| =========                 |                                                 |
+| \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox           |
+|  \\    /   O peration     | Version:  v1806                                 |
+|   \\  /    A nd           | Web:      www.OpenFOAM.com                      |
+|    \\/     M anipulation  |                                                 |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+    version     2.0;
+    format      ascii;
+    class       dictionary;
+    object      turbulenceProperties;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+simulationType RAS;
+
+RAS
+{
+    RASModel            kOmegaSST;
+
+    turbulence          on;
+
+    printCoeffs         on;
+}
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

tutorials/mesh/snappyHexMesh/motorBike_leakDetection/system/blockMeshDict

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| =========                 |                                                 |
+| \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox           |
+|  \\    /   O peration     | Version:  v1806                                 |
+|   \\  /    A nd           | Web:      www.OpenFOAM.com                      |
+|    \\/     M anipulation  |                                                 |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+    version     2.0;
+    format      ascii;
+    class       dictionary;
+    object      blockMeshDict;
+}
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+scale   1;
+
+vertices
+(
+    (-5 -4 0)
+    (15 -4 0)
+    (15  4 0)
+    (-5  4 0)
+    (-5 -4 8)
+    (15 -4 8)
+    (15  4 8)
+    (-5  4 8)
+);
+
+blocks
+(
+    hex (0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7) (20 8 8) simpleGrading (1 1 1)
+);
+
+edges
+(
+);
+
+boundary
+(
+    frontAndBack
+    {
+        type patch;
+        faces
+        (
+            (3 7 6 2)
+            (1 5 4 0)
+        );
+    }
+    inlet
+    {
+        type patch;
+        faces
+        (
+            (0 4 7 3)
+        );
+    }
+    outlet
+    {
+        type patch;
+        faces
+        (
+            (2 6 5 1)
+        );
+    }
+    lowerWall
+    {
+        type patch; //wall;
+        faces
+        (
+            (0 3 2 1)
+        );
+    }
+    upperWall
+    {
+        type patch;
+        faces
+        (
+            (4 5 6 7)
+        );
+    }
+);
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

tutorials/mesh/snappyHexMesh/motorBike_leakDetection/system/controlDict

@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| =========                 |                                                 |
+| \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox           |
+|  \\    /   O peration     | Version:  v1806                                 |
+|   \\  /    A nd           | Web:      www.OpenFOAM.com                      |
+|    \\/     M anipulation  |                                                 |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+    version     2.0;
+    format      ascii;
+    class       dictionary;
+    object      controlDict;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+// Where to load it from (if not already in solver)
+libs            ("libfieldFunctionObjects.so");
+
+DebugSwitches
+{
+    //shortestPath 1;
+}
+
+
+application     simpleFoam;
+
+startFrom       startTime;
+
+startTime       0;
+
+stopAt          endTime;
+
+endTime         500;
+
+deltaT          1;
+
+writeControl    timeStep;
+
+writeInterval   100;
+
+purgeWrite      0;
+
+writeFormat     binary;
+
+writePrecision  6;
+
+writeCompression off;
+
+timeFormat      general;
+
+timePrecision   6;
+
+runTimeModifiable true;
+
+functions
+{
+    processorField
+    {
+        // Type of functionObject
+        type            processorField;
+
+        // Where to load it from (if not already in solver)
+        libs            ("libfieldFunctionObjects.so");
+
+        // Function object enabled flag
+        enabled         true;
+
+        // When to output the average fields
+        //writeControl    writeTime;
+    }
+
+    leakFind
+    {
+        type            sets;
+
+        writeControl    timeStep;
+        interpolationScheme cell;
+        setFormat       vtk;
+
+        sets
+        (
+            leakFind
+            {
+                type    shortestPath;
+                insidePoints   ((3.0001 3.0001 0.43));
+                outsidePoints  ((1 0 1.3));
+                axis    xyz;
+            }
+        );
+
+        // Needs at least one field
+        fields          ( processorID );
+    }
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

tutorials/mesh/snappyHexMesh/motorBike_leakDetection/system/cuttingPlane

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| =========                 |                                                 |
+| \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox           |
+|  \\    /   O peration     | Version:  v1806                                 |
+|   \\  /    A nd           | Web:      www.OpenFOAM.com                      |
+|    \\/     M anipulation  |                                                 |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+cuttingPlane
+{
+    type            surfaces;
+    libs            ("libsampling.so");
+    writeControl    writeTime;
+
+    surfaceFormat   vtk;
+    fields          ( p U );
+
+    interpolationScheme cellPoint;
+
+    surfaces
+    (
+        yNormal
+        {
+            type            cuttingPlane;
+            planeType       pointAndNormal;
+            pointAndNormalDict
+            {
+                point   (0 0 0);
+                normal  (0 1 0);
+            }
+            interpolate     true;
+        }
+    );
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

tutorials/mesh/snappyHexMesh/motorBike_leakDetection/system/decomposeParDict.6

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| =========                 |                                                 |
+| \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox           |
+|  \\    /   O peration     | Version:  v1806                                 |
+|   \\  /    A nd           | Web:      www.OpenFOAM.com                      |
+|    \\/     M anipulation  |                                                 |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+    version     2.0;
+    format      ascii;
+    class       dictionary;
+    object      decomposeParDict;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+numberOfSubdomains 6;
+
+method          hierarchical;
+// method          ptscotch;
+
+coeffs
+{
+    n           (3 2 1);
+    //delta       0.001; // default=0.001
+    //order       xyz;   // default=xzy
+    dataFile    "cellDecomposition";
+}
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

tutorials/mesh/snappyHexMesh/motorBike_leakDetection/system/ensightWrite

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+// -*- C++ -*-
+// Minimal example of using the ensight write function object.
+// Many more options possible
+ensightWrite
+{
+    type    ensightWrite;
+    libs    ("libutilityFunctionObjects.so");
+    log     true;
+
+    // Fields to output (words or regex)
+    fields  (U p "(k|epsilon|omega)");
+
+    writeControl    writeTime;
+    writeInterval   1;
+}
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

tutorials/mesh/snappyHexMesh/motorBike_leakDetection/system/forceCoeffs

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| =========                 |                                                 |
+| \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox           |
+|  \\    /   O peration     | Version:  v1806                                 |
+|   \\  /    A nd           | Web:      www.OpenFOAM.com                      |
+|    \\/     M anipulation  |                                                 |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+forceCoeffs1
+{
+    type            forceCoeffs;
+
+    libs            ("libforces.so");
+
+    writeControl    timeStep;
+    timeInterval    1;
+
+    log             yes;
+
+    patches         (motorBikeGroup);
+    rho             rhoInf;      // Indicates incompressible
+    rhoInf          1;           // Redundant for incompressible
+    liftDir         (0 0 1);
+    dragDir         (1 0 0);
+    CofR            (0.72 0 0);  // Axle midpoint on ground
+    pitchAxis       (0 1 0);
+    magUInf         20;
+    lRef            1.42;        // Wheelbase length
+    Aref            0.75;        // Estimated
+    /*
+    binData
+    {
+        nBin        20;          // output data into 20 bins
+        direction   (1 0 0);     // bin direction
+        cumulative  yes;
+    }
+    */
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

tutorials/mesh/snappyHexMesh/motorBike_leakDetection/system/fvSchemes

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| =========                 |                                                 |
+| \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox           |
+|  \\    /   O peration     | Version:  v1806                                 |
+|   \\  /    A nd           | Web:      www.OpenFOAM.com                      |
+|    \\/     M anipulation  |                                                 |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+    version     2.0;
+    format      ascii;
+    class       dictionary;
+    object      fvSchemes;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+ddtSchemes
+{
+    default         steadyState;
+}
+
+gradSchemes
+{
+    default         Gauss linear;
+    grad(U)         cellLimited Gauss linear 1;
+}
+
+divSchemes
+{
+    default         none;
+    div(phi,U)      bounded Gauss linearUpwindV grad(U);
+    div(phi,k)      bounded Gauss upwind;
+    div(phi,omega)  bounded Gauss upwind;
+    div((nuEff*dev2(T(grad(U))))) Gauss linear;
+}
+
+laplacianSchemes
+{
+    default         Gauss linear corrected;
+}
+
+interpolationSchemes
+{
+    default         linear;
+}
+
+snGradSchemes
+{
+    default         corrected;
+}
+
+wallDist
+{
+    method meshWave;
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

tutorials/mesh/snappyHexMesh/motorBike_leakDetection/system/fvSolution

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| =========                 |                                                 |
+| \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox           |
+|  \\    /   O peration     | Version:  v1806                                 |
+|   \\  /    A nd           | Web:      www.OpenFOAM.com                      |
+|    \\/     M anipulation  |                                                 |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+    version     2.0;
+    format      ascii;
+    class       dictionary;
+    object      fvSolution;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+solvers
+{
+    p
+    {
+        solver          GAMG;
+        smoother        GaussSeidel;
+        tolerance       1e-7;
+        relTol          0.01;
+    }
+
+    Phi
+    {
+        $p;
+    }
+
+    U
+    {
+        solver          smoothSolver;
+        smoother        GaussSeidel;
+        tolerance       1e-8;
+        relTol          0.1;
+        nSweeps         1;
+    }
+
+    k
+    {
+        solver          smoothSolver;
+        smoother        GaussSeidel;
+        tolerance       1e-8;
+        relTol          0.1;
+        nSweeps         1;
+    }
+
+    omega
+    {
+        solver          smoothSolver;
+        smoother        GaussSeidel;
+        tolerance       1e-8;
+        relTol          0.1;
+        nSweeps         1;
+    }
+}
+
+SIMPLE
+{
+    nNonOrthogonalCorrectors 0;
+    consistent yes;
+}
+
+potentialFlow
+{
+    nNonOrthogonalCorrectors 10;
+}
+
+relaxationFactors
+{
+    equations
+    {
+        U               0.9;
+        k               0.7;
+        omega           0.7;
+    }
+}
+
+cache
+{
+    grad(U);
+}
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

tutorials/mesh/snappyHexMesh/motorBike_leakDetection/system/meshQualityDict

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| =========                 |                                                 |
+| \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox           |
+|  \\    /   O peration     | Version:  v1806                                 |
+|   \\  /    A nd           | Web:      www.OpenFOAM.com                      |
+|    \\/     M anipulation  |                                                 |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+    version     2.0;
+    format      ascii;
+    class       dictionary;
+    object      meshQualityDict;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+// Include defaults parameters from master dictionary
+#includeEtc "caseDicts/meshQualityDict"
+
+//- minFaceWeight (0 -> 0.5)
+minFaceWeight 0.02;
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

tutorials/mesh/snappyHexMesh/motorBike_leakDetection/system/snappyHexMeshDict

@@ -0,0 +1,340 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| =========                 |                                                 |
+| \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox           |
+|  \\    /   O peration     | Version:  v1806                                 |
+|   \\  /    A nd           | Web:      www.OpenFOAM.com                      |
+|    \\/     M anipulation  |                                                 |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+    version     2.0;
+    format      ascii;
+    class       dictionary;
+    object      snappyHexMeshDict;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+// Which of the steps to run
+castellatedMesh true;
+snap            true;
+addLayers       true;
+
+
+// Geometry. Definition of all surfaces. All surfaces are of class
+// searchableSurface.
+// Surfaces are used
+// - to specify refinement for any mesh cell intersecting it
+// - to specify refinement for any mesh cell inside/outside/near
+// - to 'snap' the mesh boundary to the surface
+geometry
+{
+    //motorBike-wo-visor.obj
+    motorBike-wo-visor-w-deletedElementsOnBack.obj
+    {
+        type triSurfaceMesh;
+        name motorBike;
+    }
+
+    bag_open.obj
+    {
+        type triSurfaceMesh;
+        name motorBike_bag;
+    }
+
+    refinementBox
+    {
+        type searchableBox;
+        min (-1.0 -0.7 0.0);
+        max ( 8.0  0.7 2.5);
+    }
+};
+
+
+
+// Settings for the castellatedMesh generation.
+castellatedMeshControls
+{
+
+    // Refinement parameters
+    // ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    // If local number of cells is >= maxLocalCells on any processor
+    // switches from from refinement followed by balancing
+    // (current method) to (weighted) balancing before refinement.
+    maxLocalCells 100000;
+
+    // Overall cell limit (approximately). Refinement will stop immediately
+    // upon reaching this number so a refinement level might not complete.
+    // Note that this is the number of cells before removing the part which
+    // is not 'visible' from the keepPoint. The final number of cells might
+    // actually be a lot less.
+    maxGlobalCells 2000000;
+
+    // The surface refinement loop might spend lots of iterations refining just a
+    // few cells. This setting will cause refinement to stop if <= minimumRefine
+    // are selected for refinement. Note: it will at least do one iteration
+    // (unless the number of cells to refine is 0)
+    minRefinementCells 10;
+
+    // Allow a certain level of imbalance during refining
+    // (since balancing is quite expensive)
+    // Expressed as fraction of perfect balance (= overall number of cells /
+    // nProcs). 0=balance always.
+    maxLoadUnbalance 0.10;
+
+
+    // Number of buffer layers between different levels.
+    // 1 means normal 2:1 refinement restriction, larger means slower
+    // refinement.
+    nCellsBetweenLevels 3;
+
+
+
+    // Explicit feature edge refinement
+    // ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    // Specifies a level for any cell intersected by its edges.
+    // This is a featureEdgeMesh, read from constant/triSurface for now.
+    features
+    (
+        {
+            file "motorBike-wo-visor.eMesh";
+            level 6;
+        }
+    );
+
+
+
+    // Surface based refinement
+    // ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    // Specifies two levels for every surface. The first is the minimum level,
+    // every cell intersecting a surface gets refined up to the minimum level.
+    // The second level is the maximum level. Cells that 'see' multiple
+    // intersections where the intersections make an
+    // angle > resolveFeatureAngle get refined up to the maximum level.
+
+    refinementSurfaces
+    {
+        "motorBike.*"
+        {
+            // Surface-wise min and max refinement level
+            level (5 6);
+
+            // Optional specification of patch type (default is wall). No
+            // constraint types (cyclic, symmetry) etc. are allowed.
+            patchInfo
+            {
+                type wall;
+                inGroups (motorBikeGroup);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Resolve sharp angles
+    resolveFeatureAngle 30;
+
+
+    // Region-wise refinement
+    // ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    // Specifies refinement level for cells in relation to a surface. One of
+    // three modes
+    // - distance. 'levels' specifies per distance to the surface the
+    //   wanted refinement level. The distances need to be specified in
+    //   descending order.
+    // - inside. 'levels' is only one entry and only the level is used. All
+    //   cells inside the surface get refined up to the level. The surface
+    //   needs to be closed for this to be possible.
+    // - outside. Same but cells outside.
+
+    refinementRegions
+    {
+        refinementBox
+        {
+            mode inside;
+            levels ((1E15 4));
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    // Mesh selection
+    // ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    // After refinement patches get added for all refinementSurfaces and
+    // all cells intersecting the surfaces get put into these patches. The
+    // section reachable from the locationInMesh is kept.
+    // NOTE: This point should never be on a face, always inside a cell, even
+    // after refinement.
+    locationInMesh (3.0001 3.0001 0.43);
+
+    locationsOutsideMesh ((1 0 1.3));
+
+
+    // Whether any faceZones (as specified in the refinementSurfaces)
+    // are only on the boundary of corresponding cellZones or also allow
+    // free-standing zone faces. Not used if there are no faceZones.
+    allowFreeStandingZoneFaces true;
+}
+
+
+
+// Settings for the snapping.
+snapControls
+{
+    //- Number of patch smoothing iterations before finding correspondence
+    //  to surface
+    nSmoothPatch 3;
+
+    //- Relative distance for points to be attracted by surface feature point
+    //  or edge. True distance is this factor times local
+    //  maximum edge length.
+    tolerance 2.0;
+
+    //- Number of mesh displacement relaxation iterations.
+    nSolveIter 30;
+
+    //- Maximum number of snapping relaxation iterations. Should stop
+    //  before upon reaching a correct mesh.
+    nRelaxIter 5;
+
+    // Feature snapping
+
+        //- Number of feature edge snapping iterations.
+        //  Leave out altogether to disable.
+        nFeatureSnapIter 10;
+
+        //- Detect (geometric only) features by sampling the surface
+        //  (default=false).
+        implicitFeatureSnap false;
+
+        //- Use castellatedMeshControls::features (default = true)
+        explicitFeatureSnap true;
+
+        //- Detect points on multiple surfaces (only for explicitFeatureSnap)
+        multiRegionFeatureSnap false;
+}
+
+
+
+// Settings for the layer addition.
+addLayersControls
+{
+    // Are the thickness parameters below relative to the undistorted
+    // size of the refined cell outside layer (true) or absolute sizes (false).
+    relativeSizes true;
+
+    // Per final patch (so not geometry!) the layer information
+    layers
+    {
+        "(lowerWall|motorBike).*"
+        {
+            nSurfaceLayers 1;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Expansion factor for layer mesh
+    expansionRatio 1.0;
+
+    // Wanted thickness of final added cell layer. If multiple layers
+    // is the thickness of the layer furthest away from the wall.
+    // Relative to undistorted size of cell outside layer.
+    // See relativeSizes parameter.
+    finalLayerThickness 0.3;
+
+    // Minimum thickness of cell layer. If for any reason layer
+    // cannot be above minThickness do not add layer.
+    // Relative to undistorted size of cell outside layer.
+    minThickness 0.1;
+
+    // If points get not extruded do nGrow layers of connected faces that are
+    // also not grown. This helps convergence of the layer addition process
+    // close to features.
+    // Note: changed(corrected) w.r.t 1.7.x! (didn't do anything in 1.7.x)
+    nGrow 0;
+
+    // Advanced settings
+
+    // When not to extrude surface. 0 is flat surface, 90 is when two faces
+    // are perpendicular
+    featureAngle 60;
+
+    // At non-patched sides allow mesh to slip if extrusion direction makes
+    // angle larger than slipFeatureAngle.
+    slipFeatureAngle 30;
+
+    // Maximum number of snapping relaxation iterations. Should stop
+    // before upon reaching a correct mesh.
+    nRelaxIter 3;
+
+    // Number of smoothing iterations of surface normals
+    nSmoothSurfaceNormals 1;
+
+    // Number of smoothing iterations of interior mesh movement direction
+    nSmoothNormals 3;
+
+    // Smooth layer thickness over surface patches
+    nSmoothThickness 10;
+
+    // Stop layer growth on highly warped cells
+    maxFaceThicknessRatio 0.5;
+
+    // Reduce layer growth where ratio thickness to medial
+    // distance is large
+    maxThicknessToMedialRatio 0.3;
+
+    // Angle used to pick up medial axis points
+    // Note: changed(corrected) w.r.t 1.7.x! 90 degrees corresponds to 130
+    // in 1.7.x.
+    minMedianAxisAngle 90;
+
+
+    // Create buffer region for new layer terminations
+    nBufferCellsNoExtrude 0;
+
+
+    // Overall max number of layer addition iterations. The mesher will exit
+    // if it reaches this number of iterations; possibly with an illegal
+    // mesh.
+    nLayerIter 50;
+}
+
+
+
+// Generic mesh quality settings. At any undoable phase these determine
+// where to undo.
+meshQualityControls
+{
+    #include "meshQualityDict"
+
+
+    // Advanced
+
+    //- Number of error distribution iterations
+    nSmoothScale 4;
+    //- Amount to scale back displacement at error points
+    errorReduction 0.75;
+}
+
+
+// Advanced
+
+// Format to use for lines (e.g. leak path)
+setFormat nastran;
+
+
+// Write flags
+writeFlags
+(
+    scalarLevels
+    layerSets
+    layerFields     // write volScalarField for layer coverage
+);
+
+
+// Merge tolerance. Is fraction of overall bounding box of initial mesh.
+// Note: the write tolerance needs to be higher than this.
+mergeTolerance 1e-6;
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

tutorials/mesh/snappyHexMesh/motorBike_leakDetection/system/streamLines

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| =========                 |                                                 |
+| \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox           |
+|  \\    /   O peration     | Version:  v1806                                 |
+|   \\  /    A nd           | Web:      www.OpenFOAM.com                      |
+|    \\/     M anipulation  |                                                 |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+streamLines
+{
+    // Where to load it from
+    libs            ("libfieldFunctionObjects.so");
+
+    type            streamLine;
+
+    // Output every
+    writeControl    writeTime;
+    // writeInterval 10;
+
+    setFormat       vtk; //gnuplot; //xmgr; //raw; //jplot; //csv; //ensight;
+
+    // Tracked forwards (+U) or backwards (-U)
+    trackForward    true;
+
+    // Names of fields to sample. Should contain above velocity field!
+    fields (p U k);
+
+    // Steps particles can travel before being removed
+    lifeTime        10000;
+
+    //- Specify either absolute length of steps (trackLength) or a number
+    //  of subcycling steps per cell (nSubCycle)
+
+        // Size of single track segment [m]
+        //trackLength 1e-3;
+
+        // Number of steps per cell (estimate). Set to 1 to disable subcycling.
+        nSubCycle 5;
+
+
+    // Cloud name to use
+    cloud           particleTracks;
+
+    // Seeding method.
+    seedSampleSet
+    {
+        type        uniform;
+        axis        x;  //distance;
+
+        // Note: tracks slightly offset so as not to be on a face
+        start       (-1.001 -0.05 0.0011);
+        end         (-1.001 -0.05 1.0011);
+        nPoints     20;
+    }
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

tutorials/mesh/snappyHexMesh/motorBike_leakDetection/system/surfaceFeatureExtractDict

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| =========                 |                                                 |
+| \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox           |
+|  \\    /   O peration     | Version:  v1806                                 |
+|   \\  /    A nd           | Web:      www.OpenFOAM.com                      |
+|    \\/     M anipulation  |                                                 |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+    version     2.0;
+    format      ascii;
+    class       dictionary;
+    object      surfaceFeatureExtractDict;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+motorBike-wo-visor.obj
+{
+    // How to obtain raw features (extractFromFile || extractFromSurface)
+    extractionMethod    extractFromSurface;
+
+    // Mark edges whose adjacent surface normals are at an angle less
+    // than includedAngle as features
+    // - 0  : selects no edges
+    // - 180: selects all edges
+    includedAngle       150;
+
+    subsetFeatures
+    {
+        // Keep nonManifold edges (edges with >2 connected faces)
+        nonManifoldEdges       no;
+
+        // Keep open edges (edges with 1 connected face)
+        openEdges       yes;
+    }
+
+
+    // Write options
+
+    // Write features to obj format for postprocessing
+    writeObj            yes;
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

tutorials/mesh/snappyHexMesh/motorBike_leakDetection/system/wallBoundedStreamLines

@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| =========                 |                                                 |
+| \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox           |
+|  \\    /   O peration     | Version:  v1806                                 |
+|   \\  /    A nd           | Web:      www.OpenFOAM.com                      |
+|    \\/     M anipulation  |                                                 |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+// Interpolate U to create near-wall UNear
+near
+{
+    // Where to load it from
+    libs            ("libfieldFunctionObjects.so");
+
+    type nearWallFields;
+
+    // Output every
+    writeControl    writeTime;
+
+    // Calculate every
+    executeControl  writeTime;
+
+    // Fields to be sampled. Per field original name and mapped field to
+    // create.
+    // Note: fields only get updated when writing!
+    fields
+    (
+        (U UNear)
+    );
+
+    // Patches/groups to sample (regular expressions)
+    patches         (motorBikeGroup);
+
+    // Distance to sample
+    distance        0.001;
+}
+
+// Use UNear to track along wall
+wallBoundedStreamLines
+{
+    // Where to load it from (if not already in solver)
+    libs            ("libfieldFunctionObjects.so");
+    type            wallBoundedStreamLine;
+
+    // Output every
+    writeControl    writeTime;
+
+    setFormat       vtk; //gnuplot; //xmgr; //raw; //jplot;
+
+    // Velocity field to use for tracking.
+    U               UNear;
+
+    // Interpolation method. Default is cellPoint.
+    // interpolationScheme pointMVC;
+
+    // Tracked forwards (+U) or backwards (-U)
+    trackForward    true;
+
+    interpolationScheme cellPoint;
+
+    // Names of fields to sample. Should contain above velocity field!
+    fields (p U k UNear);
+
+    // Steps particles can travel before being removed
+    lifeTime        100;
+
+    // Cloud name to use
+    cloud           wallBoundedParticleTracks;
+
+    // Seeding method.
+    seedSampleSet
+    {
+        type        patchSeed;
+
+        uniformCoeffs
+        {
+            axis        x;  //distance;
+
+            start       (0.0035 0.0999 0.0001);
+            end         (0.0035 0.0999 0.0099);
+            nPoints     20;
+        }
+
+        cloudCoeffs
+        {
+            axis        x;  //distance;
+            points      ((0.351516548679288 -0.0116085375585099 1.24));
+        }
+
+        patchSeedCoeffs
+        {
+            patches     (motorBikeGroup);
+            axis        x;  //distance;
+            maxPoints   20000;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //