MRG: Integrated Foundation code to commit 9f37c3c

applications/solvers/heatTransfer/chtMultiRegionFoam/solid/solidRegionDiffNo.C

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   =========                 |
   \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
    \\    /   O peration     |
-    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011-2016 OpenFOAM Foundation
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011-2017 OpenFOAM Foundation
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
@@ -24,7 +24,9 @@ License
 \*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
 #include "solidRegionDiffNo.H"
-#include "fvc.H"
+#include "surfaceInterpolate.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
 Foam::scalar Foam::solidRegionDiffNo
 (
@@ -34,21 +36,16 @@ Foam::scalar Foam::solidRegionDiffNo
     const volScalarField& kappa
 )
 {
-    scalar DiNum = 0.0;
-    scalar meanDiNum = 0.0;
-
-    //- Take care: can have fluid domains with 0 cells so do not test for
-    //  zero internal faces.
     surfaceScalarField kapparhoCpbyDelta
     (
-        mesh.surfaceInterpolation::deltaCoeffs()
+        sqr(mesh.surfaceInterpolation::deltaCoeffs())
        *fvc::interpolate(kappa)
        /fvc::interpolate(Cprho)
     );
 
-    DiNum = max(kapparhoCpbyDelta).value()*runTime.deltaT().value();
-
-    meanDiNum = (average(kapparhoCpbyDelta)).value()*runTime.deltaT().value();
+    const scalar DiNum = max(kapparhoCpbyDelta).value()*runTime.deltaTValue();
+    const scalar meanDiNum =
+        average(kapparhoCpbyDelta).value()*runTime.deltaTValue();
 
     Info<< "Region: " << mesh.name() << " Diffusion Number mean: " << meanDiNum
         << " max: " << DiNum << endl;

applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/phaseSystem/phaseSystemTemplates.C

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   =========                 |
   \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
    \\    /   O peration     |
-    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2015-2016 OpenFOAM Foundation
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2015-2017 OpenFOAM Foundation
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
@@ -131,6 +131,22 @@ void Foam::phaseSystem::generatePairsAndSubModels
                 )
             )
         );
+
+        if (!phasePairs_.found(key))
+        {
+            phasePairs_.insert
+            (
+                key,
+                autoPtr<phasePair>
+                (
+                    new phasePair
+                    (
+                        phaseModels_[key.first()],
+                        phaseModels_[key.second()]
+                    )
+                )
+            );
+        }
     }
 }
 

applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/pUf/createDDtU.H

@@ -3,5 +3,5 @@ tmp<surfaceScalarField> tddtPhi2;
 
 if (faceMomentum)
 {
-    #include "DDtU.H"
+    #include "pUf/DDtU.H"
 }

applications/solvers/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/twoPhaseCompressibleTurbulenceModels/derivedFvPatchFields/alphatWallBoilingWallFunction/alphatWallBoilingWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField.H

@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ Usage
         value           uniform 0.01;
     \endverbatim
 
-SeeAlso
+See also
     Foam::alphatPhaseChangeJayatillekeWallFunctionFvPatchField
 
 SourceFiles

applications/test/cubicEqn/Make/files

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+Test-cubicEqn.C
+
+EXE = $(FOAM_USER_APPBIN)/Test-cubicEqn

applications/test/cubicEqn/Make/options

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+EXE_INC =
+
+EXE_LIBS =

applications/test/cubicEqn/Test-cubicEqn.C

@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+#include <ctime>
+#include <random>
+
+#include "cubicEqn.H"
+#include "IOstreams.H"
+#include "stringList.H"
+
+using namespace Foam;
+
+scalar randomScalar(const scalar min, const scalar max)
+{
+    static_assert
+    (
+        sizeof(long) == sizeof(scalar),
+        "Scalar and long are not the same size"
+    );
+    static std::default_random_engine generator(std::time(0));
+    static std::uniform_int_distribution<long>
+        distribution
+        (
+            std::numeric_limits<long>::min(),
+            std::numeric_limits<long>::max()
+        );
+    scalar x;
+    do
+    {
+        long i = distribution(generator);
+        x = reinterpret_cast<scalar&>(i);
+    }
+    while (min > mag(x) || mag(x) > max || !std::isfinite(x));
+    return x;
+};
+
+template <class Type>
+void test(const Type& polynomialEqn, const scalar tol)
+{
+    Roots<Type::nComponents - 1> r = polynomialEqn.roots();
+
+    const scalar nan = std::numeric_limits<scalar>::quiet_NaN();
+    const scalar inf = std::numeric_limits<scalar>::infinity();
+
+    FixedList<label, Type::nComponents - 1> t;
+    FixedList<scalar, Type::nComponents - 1> v(nan);
+    FixedList<scalar, Type::nComponents - 1> e(nan);
+    bool ok = true;
+    forAll(r, i)
+    {
+        t[i] = r.type(i);
+        switch (t[i])
+        {
+            case roots::real:
+                v[i] = polynomialEqn.value(r[i]);
+                e[i] = polynomialEqn.error(r[i]);
+                ok = ok && mag(v[i]) < tol*mag(e[i]);
+                break;
+            case roots::posInf:
+                v[i] = + inf;
+                e[i] = nan;
+                break;
+            case roots::negInf:
+                v[i] = - inf;
+                e[i] = nan;
+                break;
+            default:
+                v[i] = e[i] = nan;
+                break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (!ok)
+    {
+        Info<< "Coeffs: " << polynomialEqn << endl
+            << " Types: " << t << endl
+            << " Roots: " << r << endl
+            << "Values: " << v << endl
+            << "Errors: " << e << endl << endl;
+    }
+}
+
+int main()
+{
+    const int nTests = 1000000;
+    for (int t = 0; t < nTests; ++ t)
+    {
+        test
+        (
+            cubicEqn
+            (
+                randomScalar(1e-50, 1e+50),
+                randomScalar(1e-50, 1e+50),
+                randomScalar(1e-50, 1e+50),
+                randomScalar(1e-50, 1e+50)
+            ),
+            100
+        );
+    }
+
+    Info << nTests << " cubics tested" << endl;
+
+    return 0;
+}

applications/utilities/preProcessing/applyBoundaryLayer/applyBoundaryLayer.C

@@ -241,14 +241,8 @@ tmp<volScalarField> calcNut
             )
         );
 
-        // Hack to correct nut
-        // Note: in previous versions of the code, nut was initialised on
-        //       construction of the turbulence model.  This is no longer the
-        //       case for the Templated Turbulence models.  The call to correct
-        //       below will evolve the turbulence model equations and update nut,
-        //       whereas only nut update is required.  Need to revisit.
-//        turbulence->correct();
-        turbulence->correctEnergyTransport();
+        // Correct nut
+        turbulence->validate();
 
         return tmp<volScalarField>(new volScalarField(turbulence->nut()));
     }

bin/foamCreateVideo

@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ if [ "$FMT" = "webm" ] ; then
     if command -v avconv >/dev/null 2>&1 ; then
         echo "Creating image with avconv..."
         avconv \
-            -r $FPS \
+            -framerate $FPS \
             $START_NUMBER \
             -i ${DIR}/${IMAGE}.%04d.png \
             -c:v libvpx -crf 15 -b:v 1M \
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ else
     if command -v avconv >/dev/null 2>&1 ; then
         echo "Creating image with avconv..."
         avconv \
-            -r $FPS \
+            -framerate $FPS \
             $START_NUMBER \
             -i ${DIR}/${IMAGE}.%04d.png \
             -c:v libx264 -pix_fmt yuv420p \

etc/caseDicts/postProcessing/visualization/surfaces.cfg

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ cuttingPlane
 
 isosurface
 {
-    type            isoSurface;
+    type            isoSurfaceCell;
     interpolate     true;
 }
 

etc/templates/closedVolumeRotating/constant/dynamicMeshDict

@@ -14,9 +14,11 @@ FoamFile
 }
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
-dynamicFvMesh   solidBodyMotionFvMesh;
+dynamicFvMesh   dynamicMotionSolverFvMesh;
 
-solidBodyMotionFvMeshCoeffs
+solver solidBody;
+
+solidBodyCoeffs
 {
     cellZone        rotatingZone;
 

etc/templates/inflowOutflowRotating/constant/dynamicMeshDict

@@ -14,9 +14,11 @@ FoamFile
 }
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
-dynamicFvMesh   solidBodyMotionFvMesh;
+dynamicFvMesh   dynamicMotionSolverFvMesh;
 
-solidBodyMotionFvMeshCoeffs
+solver solidBody;
+
+solidBodyCoeffs
 {
     cellZone        rotatingZone;
 

src/OpenFOAM/Make/files

@@ -78,8 +78,14 @@ primitives/quaternion/quaternion.C
 primitives/septernion/septernion.C
 primitives/triad/triad.C
 
-/* functions, data entries */
+/* Run-time selectable functions */
 primitives/functions/Function1/makeDataEntries.C
+primitives/functions/Function1/ramp/ramp.C
+primitives/functions/Function1/linearRamp/linearRamp.C
+primitives/functions/Function1/quadraticRamp/quadraticRamp.C
+primitives/functions/Function1/quarterSineRamp/quarterSineRamp.C
+primitives/functions/Function1/quarterCosineRamp/quarterCosineRamp.C
+primitives/functions/Function1/halfCosineRamp/halfCosineRamp.C
 primitives/functions/Polynomial/polynomialFunction.C
 
 primitives/subModelBase/subModelBase.C
@@ -122,6 +128,9 @@ $(spatialVectorAlgebra)/SpatialVector/spatialVector/spatialVector.C
 $(spatialVectorAlgebra)/SpatialTensor/spatialTensor/spatialTensor.C
 $(spatialVectorAlgebra)/CompactSpatialTensor/compactSpatialTensor/compactSpatialTensor.C
 
+primitives/polynomialEqns/cubicEqn/cubicEqn.C
+primitives/polynomialEqns/quadraticEqn/quadraticEqn.C
+
 containers/HashTables/HashTable/HashTableCore.C
 containers/HashTables/StaticHashTable/StaticHashTableCore.C
 containers/Lists/SortableList/ParSortableListName.C

src/OpenFOAM/db/dictionary/dictionaryTemplates.C

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   =========                 |
   \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
    \\    /   O peration     |
-    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011-2015 OpenFOAM Foundation
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011-2017 OpenFOAM Foundation
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License

src/OpenFOAM/primitives/Tensor/tensor/tensor.C

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   =========                 |
   \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
    \\    /   O peration     |
-    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011-2016 OpenFOAM Foundation
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011-2017 OpenFOAM Foundation
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ License
 \*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
 #include "tensor.H"
+#include "cubicEqn.H"
 #include "mathematicalConstants.H"
 
 using namespace Foam::constant::mathematical;
@@ -70,125 +71,65 @@ const Foam::tensor Foam::tensor::I
 
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
-Foam::vector Foam::eigenValues(const tensor& T)
+Foam::vector Foam::eigenValues(const tensor& t)
 {
-    // The eigenvalues
-    scalar i, ii, iii;
+    // Coefficients of the characteristic cubic polynomial (a = 1)
+    const scalar b =
+      - t.xx() - t.yy() - t.zz();
+    const scalar c =
+        t.xx()*t.yy() + t.xx()*t.zz() + t.yy()*t.zz()
+      - t.xy()*t.yx() - t.yz()*t.zy() - t.zx()*t.xz();
+    const scalar d =
+      - t.xx()*t.yy()*t.zz()
+      - t.xy()*t.yz()*t.zx() - t.xz()*t.zy()*t.yx()
+      + t.xx()*t.yz()*t.zy() + t.yy()*t.zx()*t.xz() + t.zz()*t.xy()*t.yx();
 
-    // diagonal matrix
-    const scalar onDiagMagSum =
-        (
-            mag(T.xx()) + mag(T.yy()) + mag(T.zz())
-        );
+    // Solve
+    Roots<3> roots = cubicEqn(1, b, c, d).roots();
 
-    const scalar offDiagMagSum =
-        (
-            mag(T.xy()) + mag(T.xz()) + mag(T.yx())
-          + mag(T.yz()) + mag(T.zx()) + mag(T.zy())
-        );
-
-    const scalar magSum = onDiagMagSum + offDiagMagSum;
-
-    if (offDiagMagSum < max(VSMALL, SMALL*magSum))
+    // Check the root types
+    vector lambda = vector::zero;
+    forAll(roots, i)
     {
-        i = T.xx();
-        ii = T.yy();
-        iii = T.zz();
-    }
-
-    // non-diagonal matrix
-    else
-    {
-        // Coefficients of the characteristic polynmial
-        // x^3 + a*x^2 + b*x + c = 0
-        scalar a =
-           - T.xx() - T.yy() - T.zz();
-
-        scalar b =
-            T.xx()*T.yy() + T.xx()*T.zz() + T.yy()*T.zz()
-          - T.xy()*T.yx() - T.yz()*T.zy() - T.zx()*T.xz();
-
-        scalar c =
-          - T.xx()*T.yy()*T.zz()
-          - T.xy()*T.yz()*T.zx() - T.xz()*T.zy()*T.yx()
-          + T.xx()*T.yz()*T.zy() + T.yy()*T.zx()*T.xz() + T.zz()*T.xy()*T.yx();
-
-        // Auxillary variables
-        scalar aBy3 = a/3;
-
-        scalar P = (a*a - 3*b)/9; // == -p_wikipedia/3
-        scalar PPP = P*P*P;
-
-        scalar Q = (2*a*a*a - 9*a*b + 27*c)/54; // == q_wikipedia/2
-        scalar QQ = Q*Q;
-
-        // Three identical roots
-        if (mag(P) < SMALL*sqr(magSum) && mag(Q) < SMALL*pow3(magSum))
-        {
-            return vector(- aBy3, - aBy3, - aBy3);
-        }
-
-        // Two identical roots and one distinct root
-        else if (mag(PPP - QQ) < SMALL*pow6(magSum))
-        {
-            scalar sqrtP = sqrt(P);
-            scalar signQ = sign(Q);
-
-            i = ii = signQ*sqrtP - aBy3;
-            iii = - 2*signQ*sqrtP - aBy3;
-        }
-
-        // Three distinct roots
-        else if (PPP > QQ)
-        {
-            scalar sqrtP = sqrt(P);
-            scalar value = cos(acos(Q/sqrt(PPP))/3);
-            scalar delta = sqrt(3 - 3*value*value);
-
-            i = - 2*sqrtP*value - aBy3;
-            ii = sqrtP*(value + delta) - aBy3;
-            iii = sqrtP*(value - delta) - aBy3;
-        }
-
-        // One real root, two imaginary roots
-        // based on the above logic, PPP must be less than QQ
-        else
+        switch (roots.type(i))
         {
+            case roots::real:
+                lambda[i] = roots[i];
+                break;
+            case roots::complex:
                 WarningInFunction
-                << "complex eigenvalues detected for tensor: " << T
+                    << "Complex eigenvalues detected for tensor: " << t
                     << endl;
-
-            if (mag(P) < SMALL*sqr(magSum))
-            {
-                i = cbrt(QQ/2);
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                scalar w = cbrt(- Q - sqrt(QQ - PPP));
-                i = w + P/w - aBy3;
-            }
-
-            return vector(-VGREAT, i, VGREAT);
+                lambda[i] = 0;
+                break;
+            case roots::posInf:
+                lambda[i] = VGREAT;
+                break;
+            case roots::negInf:
+                lambda[i] = - VGREAT;
+                break;
+            case roots::nan:
+                FatalErrorInFunction
+                    << "Eigenvalue calculation failed for tensor: " << t
+                    << exit(FatalError);
         }
     }
 
     // Sort the eigenvalues into ascending order
-    if (i > ii)
+    if (lambda.x() > lambda.y())
     {
-        Swap(i, ii);
+        Swap(lambda.x(), lambda.y());
+    }
+    if (lambda.y() > lambda.z())
+    {
+        Swap(lambda.y(), lambda.z());
+    }
+    if (lambda.x() > lambda.y())
+    {
+        Swap(lambda.x(), lambda.y());
     }
 
-    if (ii > iii)
-    {
-        Swap(ii, iii);
-    }
-
-    if (i > ii)
-    {
-        Swap(i, ii);
-    }
-
-    return vector(i, ii, iii);
+    return lambda;
 }
 
 

src/OpenFOAM/primitives/Tensor2D/tensor2D/tensor2D.C

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   =========                 |
   \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
    \\    /   O peration     |
-    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011-2016 OpenFOAM Foundation
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011-2017 OpenFOAM Foundation
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ License
 \*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
 #include "tensor2D.H"
+#include "quadraticEqn.H"
 
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Static Data Members * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
@@ -85,95 +86,96 @@ const Foam::tensor2D Foam::tensor2D::I
 
 Foam::vector2D Foam::eigenValues(const tensor2D& t)
 {
-    scalar i = 0;
-    scalar ii = 0;
+    // Coefficients of the characteristic quadratic polynomial (a = 1)
+    const scalar b = - t.xx() - t.yy();
+    const scalar c = t.xx()*t.yy() - t.xy()*t.yx();
 
-    if (mag(t.xy()) < SMALL && mag(t.yx()) < SMALL)
-    {
-        i = t.xx();
-        ii = t.yy();
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        scalar mb = t.xx() + t.yy();
-        scalar c = t.xx()*t.yy() - t.xy()*t.yx();
+    // Solve
+    Roots<2> roots = quadraticEqn(1, b, c).roots();
 
-        // If there is a zero root
-        if (mag(c) < SMALL)
+    // Check the root types
+    vector2D lambda = vector2D::zero;
+    forAll(roots, i)
     {
-            i = 0;
-            ii = mb;
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            scalar disc = sqr(mb) - 4*c;
-
-            if (disc > 0)
-            {
-                scalar q = sqrt(disc);
-
-                i = 0.5*(mb - q);
-                ii = 0.5*(mb + q);
-            }
-            else
+        switch (roots.type(i))
         {
+            case roots::real:
+                lambda[i] = roots[i];
+                break;
+            case roots::complex:
+                WarningInFunction
+                    << "Complex eigenvalues detected for tensor: " << t
+                    << endl;
+                lambda[i] = 0;
+                break;
+            case roots::posInf:
+                lambda[i] = VGREAT;
+                break;
+            case roots::negInf:
+                lambda[i] = - VGREAT;
+                break;
+            case roots::nan:
                 FatalErrorInFunction
-                    << "zero and complex eigenvalues in tensor2D: " << t
-                    << abort(FatalError);
-            }
+                    << "Eigenvalue calculation failed for tensor: " << t
+                    << exit(FatalError);
         }
     }
 
     // Sort the eigenvalues into ascending order
-    if (i > ii)
+    if (lambda.x() > lambda.y())
     {
-        Swap(i, ii);
+        Swap(lambda.x(), lambda.y());
     }
 
-    return vector2D(i, ii);
+    return lambda;
 }
 
 
-Foam::vector2D Foam::eigenVector(const tensor2D& t, const scalar lambda)
-{
-    if (lambda < SMALL)
-    {
-        return vector2D::zero;
-    }
-
-    if (mag(t.xy()) < SMALL && mag(t.yx()) < SMALL)
-    {
-        if (lambda > min(t.xx(), t.yy()))
-        {
-            return vector2D(1, 0);
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            return vector2D(0, 1);
-        }
-    }
-    else if (mag(t.xy()) < SMALL)
-    {
-        return vector2D(lambda - t.yy(), t.yx());
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        return vector2D(t.xy(), lambda - t.yy());
-    }
-}
-
-
-Foam::tensor2D Foam::eigenVectors(const tensor2D& t)
-{
-    vector2D evals(eigenValues(t));
-
-    tensor2D evs
+Foam::vector2D Foam::eigenVector
 (
-        eigenVector(t, evals.x()),
-        eigenVector(t, evals.y())
-    );
+    const tensor2D& T,
+    const scalar lambda,
+    const vector2D& direction1
+)
+{
+    // Construct the linear system for this eigenvalue
+    tensor2D A(T - lambda*tensor2D::I);
 
-    return evs;
+    // Evaluate the eigenvector using the largest divisor
+    if (mag(A.yy()) > mag(A.xx()) && mag(A.yy()) > SMALL)
+    {
+        vector2D ev(1, - A.yx()/A.yy());
+
+        return ev/mag(ev);
+    }
+    else if (mag(A.xx()) > SMALL)
+    {
+        vector2D ev(- A.xy()/A.xx(), 1);
+
+        return ev/mag(ev);
+    }
+
+    // Repeated eigenvalue
+    return vector2D(- direction1.y(), direction1.x());
+}
+
+
+Foam::tensor2D Foam::eigenVectors(const tensor2D& T, const vector2D& lambdas)
+{
+    vector2D Ux(1, 0), Uy(0, 1);
+
+    Ux = eigenVector(T, lambdas.x(), Uy);
+    Uy = eigenVector(T, lambdas.y(), Ux);
+
+    return tensor2D(Ux, Uy);
+}
+
+
+Foam::tensor2D Foam::eigenVectors(const tensor2D& T)
+{
+    const vector2D lambdas(eigenValues(T));
+
+    return eigenVectors(T, lambdas);
 }
 
 

src/OpenFOAM/primitives/Tensor2D/tensor2D/tensor2D.H

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   =========                 |
   \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
    \\    /   O peration     |
-    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011 OpenFOAM Foundation
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011-2017 OpenFOAM Foundation
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
@@ -49,7 +49,13 @@ namespace Foam
 typedef Tensor2D<scalar> tensor2D;
 
 vector2D eigenValues(const tensor2D& t);
-vector2D eigenVector(const tensor2D& t, const scalar lambda);
+vector2D eigenVector
+(
+    const tensor2D& t,
+    const scalar lambda,
+    const vector2D& direction1
+);
+tensor2D eigenVectors(const tensor2D& t, const vector2D& lambdas);
 tensor2D eigenVectors(const tensor2D& t);
 
 //- Data associated with tensor2D type are contiguous

src/OpenFOAM/primitives/functions/Function1/CSV/CSV.C

@@ -204,18 +204,16 @@ Foam::Function1Types::CSV<Type>::CSV
 (
     const word& entryName,
     const dictionary& dict,
-    const word& ext,
     const fileName& fName
 )
 :
-    TableBase<Type>(entryName, dict.subDict(entryName + ext)),
-    coeffs_(dict.subDict(entryName + ext)),
-    nHeaderLine_(readLabel(coeffs_.lookup("nHeaderLine"))),
-    refColumn_(readLabel(coeffs_.lookup("refColumn"))),
-    componentColumns_(coeffs_.lookup("componentColumns")),
-    separator_(coeffs_.lookupOrDefault<string>("separator", string(","))[0]),
-    mergeSeparators_(readBool(coeffs_.lookup("mergeSeparators"))),
-    fName_(fName != fileName::null ? fName : coeffs_.lookup("file"))
+    TableBase<Type>(entryName, dict),
+    nHeaderLine_(readLabel(dict.lookup("nHeaderLine"))),
+    refColumn_(readLabel(dict.lookup("refColumn"))),
+    componentColumns_(dict.lookup("componentColumns")),
+    separator_(dict.lookupOrDefault<string>("separator", string(","))[0]),
+    mergeSeparators_(readBool(dict.lookup("mergeSeparators"))),
+    fName_(fName != fileName::null ? fName : dict.lookup("file"))
 {
     if (componentColumns_.size() != pTraits<Type>::nComponents)
     {

src/OpenFOAM/primitives/functions/Function1/CSV/CSV.H

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   =========                 |
   \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
    \\    /   O peration     |
-    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011-2016 OpenFOAM Foundation
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011-2017 OpenFOAM Foundation
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
@@ -25,9 +25,11 @@ Class
     Foam::Function1Types::CSV
 
 Description
-    Templated CSV container data entry.  Reference column is always a scalar,
-    e.g. time
+    Templated CSV function.
 
+    Reference column is always a scalar, e.g. time.
+
+    Usage:
     \verbatim
         <entryName> csvFile;
         <entryName>Coeffs
@@ -75,9 +77,6 @@ class CSV
 {
     // Private data
 
-        //- Coefficients dictionary (for convenience on reading)
-        dictionary coeffs_;
-
         //- Number header lines
         label nHeaderLine_;
 
@@ -122,7 +121,6 @@ public:
         (
             const word& entryName,
             const dictionary& dict,
-            const word& ext = "Coeffs",
             const fileName& fName = fileName::null
         );
 

src/OpenFOAM/primitives/functions/Function1/Constant/Constant.H

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   =========                 |
   \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
    \\    /   O peration     |
-    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011-2016 OpenFOAM Foundation
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011-2017 OpenFOAM Foundation
      \\/     M anipulation  | Copyright (C) 2015 OpenCFD Ltd.
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
@@ -25,9 +25,9 @@ Class
     Foam::Function1Types::Constant
 
 Description
-    Templated basic entry that holds a constant value.
+    Templated function that returns a constant value.
 
-    Usage - for entry \<entryName\> having the value <value>:
+    Usage - for entry \<entryName\> returning the value <value>:
     \verbatim
         <entryName>    constant  <value>
     \endverbatim

src/OpenFOAM/primitives/functions/Function1/Function1/Function1.H

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   =========                 |
   \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
    \\    /   O peration     |
-    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011-2016 OpenFOAM Foundation
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011-2017 OpenFOAM Foundation
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
@@ -195,6 +195,14 @@ public:
         add##SS##Type##ConstructorToTable_;
 
 
+#define makeScalarFunction1(SS)                                                \
+                                                                               \
+    defineTypeNameAndDebug(SS, 0);                                             \
+                                                                               \
+    Function1<scalar>::adddictionaryConstructorToTable<SS>                     \
+        add##SS##ConstructorToTable_;
+
+
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
 #ifdef NoRepository

src/OpenFOAM/primitives/functions/Function1/Function1/Function1New.C

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   =========                 |
   \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
    \\    /   O peration     |
-    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011-2016 OpenFOAM Foundation
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011-2017 OpenFOAM Foundation
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
@@ -33,6 +33,30 @@ Foam::autoPtr<Foam::Function1<Type>> Foam::Function1<Type>::New
     const word& entryName,
     const dictionary& dict
 )
+{
+    if (dict.isDict(entryName))
+    {
+        const dictionary& coeffsDict(dict.subDict(entryName));
+
+        const word Function1Type(coeffsDict.lookup("type"));
+
+        typename dictionaryConstructorTable::iterator cstrIter =
+            dictionaryConstructorTablePtr_->find(Function1Type);
+
+        if (cstrIter == dictionaryConstructorTablePtr_->end())
+        {
+            FatalErrorInFunction
+                << "Unknown Function1 type "
+                << Function1Type << " for Function1 "
+                << entryName << nl << nl
+                << "Valid Function1 types are:" << nl
+                << dictionaryConstructorTablePtr_->sortedToc() << nl
+                << exit(FatalError);
+        }
+
+        return cstrIter()(entryName, coeffsDict);
+    }
+    else
     {
         Istream& is(dict.lookup(entryName, false));
 
@@ -66,7 +90,14 @@ Foam::autoPtr<Foam::Function1<Type>> Foam::Function1<Type>::New
                 << exit(FatalError);
         }
 
-    return cstrIter()(entryName, dict);
+        return cstrIter()
+        (
+            entryName,
+            dict.found(entryName + "Coeffs")
+          ? dict.subDict(entryName + "Coeffs")
+          : dict
+        );
+    }
 }
 
 

src/OpenFOAM/primitives/functions/Function1/One/OneConstant.H

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   =========                 |
   \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
    \\    /   O peration     |
-    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011-2016 OpenFOAM Foundation
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2017 OpenFOAM Foundation
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License

src/OpenFOAM/primitives/functions/Function1/Scale/Scale.C

@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     |
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2017 OpenFOAM Foundation
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "Scale.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Constructors  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+template<class Type>
+void Foam::Function1Types::Scale<Type>::read(const dictionary& coeffs)
+{
+    scale_ = Function1<scalar>::New("scale", coeffs);
+    value_ = Function1<Type>::New("value", coeffs);
+}
+
+
+template<class Type>
+Foam::Function1Types::Scale<Type>::Scale
+(
+    const word& entryName,
+    const dictionary& dict
+)
+:
+    Function1<Type>(entryName)
+{
+    read(dict);
+}
+
+
+template<class Type>
+Foam::Function1Types::Scale<Type>::Scale(const Scale<Type>& se)
+:
+    Function1<Type>(se),
+    scale_(se.scale_, false),
+    value_(se.value_, false)
+{}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Destructor  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+template<class Type>
+Foam::Function1Types::Scale<Type>::~Scale()
+{}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Member Functions  * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+template<class Type>
+Type Foam::Function1Types::Scale<Type>::value(const scalar t) const
+{
+    return scale_->value(t)*value_->value(t);
+}
+
+
+template<class Type>
+void Foam::Function1Types::Scale<Type>::writeData(Ostream& os) const
+{
+    Function1<Type>::writeData(os);
+    os  << token::END_STATEMENT << nl;
+    os  << indent << word(this->name() + "Coeffs") << nl;
+    os  << indent << token::BEGIN_BLOCK << incrIndent << nl;
+    scale_->writeData(os);
+    value_->writeData(os);
+    os  << decrIndent << indent << token::END_BLOCK << endl;
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

src/OpenFOAM/primitives/functions/Function1/Scale/Scale.H

@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     |
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2017 OpenFOAM Foundation
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+Class
+    Foam::Function1Types::Scale
+
+Description
+    Function1 which scales a given 'value' function by a scalar 'scale'
+    function.
+
+    This is particularly useful to ramp a time-varying value by one of the
+    monotonic ramp functions.
+
+    Usage for a vector:
+    \verbatim
+        <entryName>
+        {
+            type      scale;
+
+            scale
+            {
+                type        linearRamp;
+
+                start       0;
+                duration    10;
+            }
+
+            value
+            {
+                type        sine;
+
+                frequency   10;
+                amplitude   1;
+                scale       (1 0.1 0);
+                level       (10 1 0);
+            }
+        }
+    \endverbatim
+
+    Where:
+    \table
+        Property | Description                                  | Required
+        value    | Function of type Function1<Type>             | yes
+        scale    | Scaling function of type Function1<scalar>   | yes
+    \endtable
+
+SourceFiles
+    Scale.C
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef Scale_H
+#define Scale_H
+
+#include "Function1.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+namespace Function1Types
+{
+
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+                           Class Scale Declaration
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+template<class Type>
+class Scale
+:
+    public Function1<Type>
+{
+    // Private data
+
+        //- Scalar scaling function
+        autoPtr<Function1<scalar>> scale_;
+
+        //- Value function
+        autoPtr<Function1<Type>> value_;
+
+
+    // Private Member Functions
+
+        //- Read the coefficients from the given dictionary
+        void read(const dictionary& coeffs);
+
+        //- Disallow default bitwise assignment
+        void operator=(const Scale<Type>&);
+
+
+public:
+
+    // Runtime type information
+    TypeName("scale");
+
+
+    // Constructors
+
+        //- Construct from entry name and dictionary
+        Scale
+        (
+            const word& entryName,
+            const dictionary& dict
+        );
+
+        //- Copy constructor
+        Scale(const Scale<Type>& se);
+
+        //- Construct and return a clone
+        virtual tmp<Function1<Type>> clone() const
+        {
+            return tmp<Function1<Type>>(new Scale<Type>(*this));
+        }
+
+
+    //- Destructor
+    virtual ~Scale();
+
+
+    // Member Functions
+
+        //- Return value for time t
+        Type value(const scalar t) const;
+
+        //- Write in dictionary format
+        virtual void writeData(Ostream& os) const;
+};
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+} // End namespace Function1Types
+} // End namespace Foam
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+#ifdef NoRepository
+    #include "Scale.C"
+#endif
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+#endif
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

src/OpenFOAM/primitives/functions/Function1/Sine/Sine.C

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   =========                 |
   \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
    \\    /   O peration     |
-    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2016 OpenFOAM Foundation
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2016-2017 OpenFOAM Foundation
      \\/     M anipulation  | Copyright (C) 2016 OpenCFD Ltd.
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
@@ -43,13 +43,12 @@ template<class Type>
 Foam::Function1Types::Sine<Type>::Sine
 (
     const word& entryName,
-    const dictionary& dict,
-    const word& ext
+    const dictionary& dict
 )
 :
     Function1<Type>(entryName)
 {
-    read(dict.subDict(entryName + ext));
+    read(dict);
 }
 
 

src/OpenFOAM/primitives/functions/Function1/Sine/Sine.H

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   =========                 |
   \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
    \\    /   O peration     |
-    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2016 OpenFOAM Foundation
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2016-2017 OpenFOAM Foundation
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
@@ -132,8 +132,7 @@ public:
         Sine
         (
             const word& entryName,
-            const dictionary& dict,
-            const word& ext = "Coeffs"
+            const dictionary& dict
         );
 
         //- Copy constructor

src/OpenFOAM/primitives/functions/Function1/Square/Square.C

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   =========                 |
   \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
    \\    /   O peration     |
-    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2016 OpenFOAM Foundation
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2016-2017 OpenFOAM Foundation
      \\/     M anipulation  | Copyright (C) 2016 OpenCFD Ltd.
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
@@ -43,13 +43,12 @@ template<class Type>
 Foam::Function1Types::Square<Type>::Square
 (
     const word& entryName,
-    const dictionary& dict,
-    const word& ext
+    const dictionary& dict
 )
 :
     Function1<Type>(entryName)
 {
-    read(dict.subDict(entryName + ext));
+    read(dict);
 }
 
 

src/OpenFOAM/primitives/functions/Function1/Square/Square.H

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   =========                 |
   \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
    \\    /   O peration     |
-    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2016 OpenFOAM Foundation
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2016-2017 OpenFOAM Foundation
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
@@ -139,8 +139,7 @@ public:
         Square
         (
             const word& entryName,
-            const dictionary& dict,
-            const word& ext = "Coeffs"
+            const dictionary& dict
         );
 
         //- Copy constructor

src/OpenFOAM/primitives/functions/Function1/Table/Table.H

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   =========                 |
   \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
    \\    /   O peration     |
-    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011-2016 OpenFOAM Foundation
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011-2017 OpenFOAM Foundation
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
@@ -25,10 +25,12 @@ Class
     Foam::Function1Types::Table
 
 Description
-    Templated table container data entry. Items are stored in a list of
-    Tuple2's. First column is always stored as scalar entries. Data is read
-    in Tuple2 form, e.g. for an entry \<entryName\> that is (scalar, vector):
+    Templated table container function.
 
+    Items are stored in a list of Tuple2's. First column is always stored as
+    scalar entries. Data is read in Tuple2 form.
+
+    Usage:
     \verbatim
         <entryName>   table
         (

src/OpenFOAM/primitives/functions/Function1/TableFile/TableFile.C

@@ -34,11 +34,10 @@ Foam::Function1Types::TableFile<Type>::TableFile
     const dictionary& dict
 )
 :
-    TableBase<Type>(entryName, dict.subDict(entryName + "Coeffs")),
+    TableBase<Type>(entryName, dict),
     fName_("none")
 {
-    const dictionary coeffs(dict.subDict(entryName + "Coeffs"));
-    coeffs.lookup("file") >> fName_;
+    dict.lookup("file") >> fName_;
 
     fileName expandedFile(fName_);
     IFstream is(expandedFile.expand());

src/OpenFOAM/primitives/functions/Function1/TableFile/TableFile.H

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   =========                 |
   \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
    \\    /   O peration     |
-    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011-2016 OpenFOAM Foundation
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011-2017 OpenFOAM Foundation
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
@@ -25,8 +25,9 @@ Class
     Foam::Function1Types::TableFile
 
 Description
-    Templated table container data entry where data is read from file.
+    Templated table container function where data is read from file.
 
+    Usage:
     \verbatim
         <entryName> tableFile;
         <entryName>Coeffs
@@ -37,7 +38,7 @@ Description
         }
     \endverbatim
 
-    Items are stored in a list of Tuple2's. First column is always stored as
+    Data is stored as a list of Tuple2's. First column is always stored as
     scalar entries.  Data is read in the form, e.g. for an entry \<entryName\>
     that is (scalar, vector):
     \verbatim
@@ -47,7 +48,6 @@ Description
         );
     \endverbatim
 
-
 SourceFiles
     TableFile.C
 

src/OpenFOAM/primitives/functions/Function1/Zero/ZeroConstant.H

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   =========                 |
   \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
    \\    /   O peration     |
-    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011-2016 OpenFOAM Foundation
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2017 OpenFOAM Foundation
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License

src/OpenFOAM/primitives/functions/Function1/halfCosineRamp/halfCosineRamp.C

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     |
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2017 OpenFOAM Foundation
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "halfCosineRamp.H"
+#include "mathematicalConstants.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Static Data Members * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+namespace Function1Types
+{
+    makeScalarFunction1(halfCosineRamp);
+}
+}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Constructors  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+Foam::Function1Types::halfCosineRamp::halfCosineRamp
+(
+    const word& entryName,
+    const dictionary& dict
+)
+:
+    ramp(entryName, dict)
+{}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Destructor  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+Foam::Function1Types::halfCosineRamp::~halfCosineRamp()
+{}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Member Functions  * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+Foam::scalar Foam::Function1Types::halfCosineRamp::value(const scalar t) const
+{
+    return 0.5*(1 - cos(constant::mathematical::pi*linearRamp(t)));
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

src/OpenFOAM/primitives/functions/Function1/halfCosineRamp/halfCosineRamp.H

@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     |
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2017 OpenFOAM Foundation
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+Class
+    Foam::Function1Types::halfCosineRamp
+
+Description
+    Half-cosine ramp function starting from 0 and increasing to 1 from \c start
+    over the \c duration and remaining at 1 thereafter.
+
+See also
+    Foam::Function1Types::ramp
+
+SourceFiles
+    halfCosineRamp.C
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef halfCosineRamp_H
+#define halfCosineRamp_H
+
+#include "ramp.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+namespace Function1Types
+{
+
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+                           Class halfCosineRamp Declaration
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+class halfCosineRamp
+:
+    public ramp
+{
+    // Private Member Functions
+
+        //- Disallow default bitwise assignment
+        void operator=(const halfCosineRamp&);
+
+
+public:
+
+    // Runtime type information
+    TypeName("halfCosineRamp");
+
+
+    // Constructors
+
+        //- Construct from entry name and dictionary
+        halfCosineRamp
+        (
+            const word& entryName,
+            const dictionary& dict
+        );
+
+
+    //- Destructor
+    virtual ~halfCosineRamp();
+
+
+    // Member Functions
+
+        //- Return value for time t
+        scalar value(const scalar t) const;
+};
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+} // End namespace Function1Types
+} // End namespace Foam
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+#endif
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

src/OpenFOAM/primitives/functions/Function1/linearRamp/linearRamp.C

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     |
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2017 OpenFOAM Foundation
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "linearRamp.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Static Data Members * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+namespace Function1Types
+{
+    makeScalarFunction1(linearRamp);
+}
+}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Constructors  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+Foam::Function1Types::linearRamp::linearRamp
+(
+    const word& entryName,
+    const dictionary& dict
+)
+:
+    ramp(entryName, dict)
+{}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Destructor  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+Foam::Function1Types::linearRamp::~linearRamp()
+{}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Member Functions  * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+Foam::scalar Foam::Function1Types::linearRamp::value(const scalar t) const
+{
+    return ramp::linearRamp(t);
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

src/OpenFOAM/primitives/functions/Function1/linearRamp/linearRamp.H

@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     |
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2017 OpenFOAM Foundation
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+Class
+    Foam::Function1Types::linearRamp
+
+Description
+    Linear ramp function starting from 0 and increasing linearRamply to 1 from
+    \c start over the \c duration and remaining at 1 thereafter.
+
+See also
+    Foam::Function1Types::ramp
+
+SourceFiles
+    linearRamp.C
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef linearRamp_H
+#define linearRamp_H
+
+#include "ramp.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+namespace Function1Types
+{
+
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+                           Class linearRamp Declaration
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+class linearRamp
+:
+    public ramp
+{
+    // Private Member Functions
+
+        //- Disallow default bitwise assignment
+        void operator=(const linearRamp&);
+
+
+public:
+
+    // Runtime type information
+    TypeName("linearRamp");
+
+
+    // Constructors
+
+        //- Construct from entry name and dictionary
+        linearRamp
+        (
+            const word& entryName,
+            const dictionary& dict
+        );
+
+
+    //- Destructor
+    virtual ~linearRamp();
+
+
+    // Member Functions
+
+        //- Return value for time t
+        scalar value(const scalar t) const;
+};
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+} // End namespace Function1Types
+} // End namespace Foam
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+#endif
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

src/OpenFOAM/primitives/functions/Function1/makeDataEntries.C

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   =========                 |
   \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
    \\    /   O peration     |
-    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011-2016 OpenFOAM Foundation
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011-2017 OpenFOAM Foundation
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
@@ -24,12 +24,15 @@ License
 \*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
 #include "Constant.H"
+#include "ZeroConstant.H"
+#include "OneConstant.H"
 #include "PolynomialEntry.H"
 #include "Sine.H"
 #include "Square.H"
 #include "CSV.H"
 #include "Table.H"
 #include "TableFile.H"
+#include "Scale.H"
 
 #include "fieldTypes.H"
 
@@ -38,12 +41,15 @@ License
 #define makeFunction1s(Type)                                                   \
     makeFunction1(Type);                                                       \
     makeFunction1Type(Constant, Type);                                         \
+    makeFunction1Type(ZeroConstant, Type);                                     \
+    makeFunction1Type(OneConstant, Type);                                      \
     makeFunction1Type(Polynomial, Type);                                       \
     makeFunction1Type(Sine, Type);                                             \
     makeFunction1Type(Square, Type);                                           \
     makeFunction1Type(CSV, Type);                                              \
     makeFunction1Type(Table, Type);                                            \
-    makeFunction1Type(TableFile, Type);
+    makeFunction1Type(TableFile, Type);                                        \
+    makeFunction1Type(Scale, Type);
 
 namespace Foam
 {

src/OpenFOAM/primitives/functions/Function1/quadraticRamp/quadraticRamp.C

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     |
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2017 OpenFOAM Foundation
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "quadraticRamp.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Static Data Members * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+namespace Function1Types
+{
+    makeScalarFunction1(quadraticRamp);
+}
+}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Constructors  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+Foam::Function1Types::quadraticRamp::quadraticRamp
+(
+    const word& entryName,
+    const dictionary& dict
+)
+:
+    ramp(entryName, dict)
+{}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Destructor  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+Foam::Function1Types::quadraticRamp::~quadraticRamp()
+{}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Member Functions  * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+Foam::scalar Foam::Function1Types::quadraticRamp::value(const scalar t) const
+{
+    return sqr(linearRamp(t));
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

src/OpenFOAM/primitives/functions/Function1/quadraticRamp/quadraticRamp.H

@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     |
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2017 OpenFOAM Foundation
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+Class
+    Foam::Function1Types::quadraticRamp
+
+Description
+    Quadratic ramp function starting from 0 and increasing quadraticRampally
+    to 1 from \c t_0 over the \c duration and remaining at 1 thereafter.
+
+See also
+    Foam::Function1Types::ramp
+
+SourceFiles
+    quadraticRamp.C
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef quadraticRamp_H
+#define quadraticRamp_H
+
+#include "ramp.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+namespace Function1Types
+{
+
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+                           Class quadraticRamp Declaration
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+class quadraticRamp
+:
+    public ramp
+{
+    // Private Member Functions
+
+        //- Disallow default bitwise assignment
+        void operator=(const quadraticRamp&);
+
+
+public:
+
+    // Runtime type information
+    TypeName("quadraticRamp");
+
+
+    // Constructors
+
+        //- Construct from entry name and dictionary
+        quadraticRamp
+        (
+            const word& entryName,
+            const dictionary& dict
+        );
+
+
+    //- Destructor
+    virtual ~quadraticRamp();
+
+
+    // Member Functions
+
+        //- Return value for time t
+        scalar value(const scalar t) const;
+};
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+} // End namespace Function1Types
+} // End namespace Foam
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+#endif
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

src/OpenFOAM/primitives/functions/Function1/quarterCosineRamp/quarterCosineRamp.C

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     |
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2017 OpenFOAM Foundation
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "quarterCosineRamp.H"
+#include "mathematicalConstants.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Static Data Members * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+namespace Function1Types
+{
+    makeScalarFunction1(quarterCosineRamp);
+}
+}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Constructors  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+Foam::Function1Types::quarterCosineRamp::quarterCosineRamp
+(
+    const word& entryName,
+    const dictionary& dict
+)
+:
+    ramp(entryName, dict)
+{}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Destructor  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+Foam::Function1Types::quarterCosineRamp::~quarterCosineRamp()
+{}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Member Functions  * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+Foam::scalar Foam::Function1Types::quarterCosineRamp::value
+(
+    const scalar t
+) const
+{
+    return 1 - cos(0.5*constant::mathematical::pi*linearRamp(t));
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

src/OpenFOAM/primitives/functions/Function1/quarterCosineRamp/quarterCosineRamp.H

@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     |
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2017 OpenFOAM Foundation
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+Class
+    Foam::Function1Types::quarterCosineRamp
+
+Description
+    Quarter-cosine ramp function starting from 0 and increasing to 1 from \c
+    start over the \c duration and remaining at 1 thereafter.
+
+See also
+    Foam::Function1Types::ramp
+
+SourceFiles
+    quarterCosineRamp.C
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef quarterCosineRamp_H
+#define quarterCosineRamp_H
+
+#include "ramp.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+namespace Function1Types
+{
+
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+                           Class quarterCosineRamp Declaration
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+class quarterCosineRamp
+:
+    public ramp
+{
+    // Private Member Functions
+
+        //- Disallow default bitwise assignment
+        void operator=(const quarterCosineRamp&);
+
+
+public:
+
+    // Runtime type information
+    TypeName("quarterCosineRamp");
+
+
+    // Constructors
+
+        //- Construct from entry name and dictionary
+        quarterCosineRamp
+        (
+            const word& entryName,
+            const dictionary& dict
+        );
+
+
+    //- Destructor
+    virtual ~quarterCosineRamp();
+
+
+    // Member Functions
+
+        //- Return value for time t
+        scalar value(const scalar t) const;
+};
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+} // End namespace Function1Types
+} // End namespace Foam
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+#endif
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

src/OpenFOAM/primitives/functions/Function1/quarterSineRamp/quarterSineRamp.C

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     |
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2017 OpenFOAM Foundation
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "quarterSineRamp.H"
+#include "mathematicalConstants.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Static Data Members * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+namespace Function1Types
+{
+    makeScalarFunction1(quarterSineRamp);
+}
+}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Constructors  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+Foam::Function1Types::quarterSineRamp::quarterSineRamp
+(
+    const word& entryName,
+    const dictionary& dict
+)
+:
+    ramp(entryName, dict)
+{}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Destructor  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+Foam::Function1Types::quarterSineRamp::~quarterSineRamp()
+{}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Member Functions  * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+Foam::scalar Foam::Function1Types::quarterSineRamp::value(const scalar t) const
+{
+    return sin(0.5*constant::mathematical::pi*linearRamp(t));
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

src/OpenFOAM/primitives/functions/Function1/quarterSineRamp/quarterSineRamp.H

@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     |
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2017 OpenFOAM Foundation
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+Class
+    Foam::Function1Types::quarterSineRamp
+
+Description
+    Quarter-sine ramp function starting from 0 and increasing to 1 from \c start
+    over the \c duration and remaining at 1 thereafter.
+
+See also
+    Foam::Function1Types::ramp
+
+SourceFiles
+    quarterSineRamp.C
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef quarterSineRamp_H
+#define quarterSineRamp_H
+
+#include "ramp.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+namespace Function1Types
+{
+
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+                           Class quarterSineRamp Declaration
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+class quarterSineRamp
+:
+    public ramp
+{
+    // Private Member Functions
+
+        //- Disallow default bitwise assignment
+        void operator=(const quarterSineRamp&);
+
+
+public:
+
+    // Runtime type information
+    TypeName("quarterSineRamp");
+
+
+    // Constructors
+
+        //- Construct from entry name and dictionary
+        quarterSineRamp
+        (
+            const word& entryName,
+            const dictionary& dict
+        );
+
+
+    //- Destructor
+    virtual ~quarterSineRamp();
+
+
+    // Member Functions
+
+        //- Return value for time t
+        scalar value(const scalar t) const;
+};
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+} // End namespace Function1Types
+} // End namespace Foam
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+#endif
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

src/OpenFOAM/primitives/functions/Function1/ramp/ramp.C

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     |
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2017 OpenFOAM Foundation
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "ramp.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Constructors  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+void Foam::Function1Types::ramp::read(const dictionary& coeffs)
+{
+    start_ = coeffs.lookupOrDefault<scalar>("start", 0);
+    duration_ = coeffs.lookupType<scalar>("duration");
+}
+
+
+Foam::Function1Types::ramp::ramp
+(
+    const word& entryName,
+    const dictionary& dict
+)
+:
+    Function1<scalar>(entryName)
+{
+    read(dict);
+}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Destructor  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+Foam::Function1Types::ramp::~ramp()
+{}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Member Functions  * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+void Foam::Function1Types::ramp::writeData(Ostream& os) const
+{
+    Function1<scalar>::writeData(os);
+    os  << token::END_STATEMENT << nl;
+    os  << indent << word(this->name() + "Coeffs") << nl;
+    os  << indent << token::BEGIN_BLOCK << incrIndent << nl;
+    os.writeKeyword("start") << start_ << token::END_STATEMENT << nl;
+    os.writeKeyword("duration") << duration_ << token::END_STATEMENT << nl;
+    os  << decrIndent << indent << token::END_BLOCK << endl;
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

src/OpenFOAM/primitives/functions/Function1/ramp/ramp.H

@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     |
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2017 OpenFOAM Foundation
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+Class
+    Foam::Function1Types::ramp
+
+Description
+    Ramp function base class for the set of scalar functions starting from 0 and
+    increasing monotonically to 1 from \c start over the \c duration and
+    remaining at 1 thereafter.
+
+    Usage:
+    \verbatim
+        <entryName> <rampFunction>;
+        <entryName>Coeffs
+        {
+            start     10;
+            duration  20;
+        }
+    \endverbatim
+    or
+    \verbatim
+        <entryName>
+        {
+            type      <rampFunction>;
+            start     10;
+            duration  20;
+        }
+    \endverbatim
+
+    Where:
+    \table
+        Property | Description  | Required | Default value
+        start    | Start time   | no       | 0
+        duration | Duration     | yes      |
+    \endtable
+
+See also
+    Foam::Function1
+
+SourceFiles
+    ramp.C
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef ramp_H
+#define ramp_H
+
+#include "Function1.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+namespace Function1Types
+{
+
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+                           Class ramp Declaration
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+class ramp
+:
+    public Function1<scalar>
+{
+protected:
+
+    // Protected data
+
+        //- Start-time of the ramp function
+        scalar start_;
+
+        //- Duration of the ramp function
+        scalar duration_;
+
+        //- Simple linear ramp function
+        //  which form the basis of many more complex ramp functions
+        inline scalar linearRamp(const scalar t) const
+        {
+            return max(min((t - start_)/duration_, 1), 0);
+        }
+
+
+private:
+
+    // Private Member Functions
+
+        //- Read the coefficients from the given dictionary
+        void read(const dictionary& coeffs);
+
+        //- Disallow default bitwise assignment
+        void operator=(const ramp&);
+
+
+public:
+
+    // Constructors
+
+        //- Construct from entry name and dictionary
+        ramp
+        (
+            const word& entryName,
+            const dictionary& dict
+        );
+
+
+    //- Destructor
+    virtual ~ramp();
+
+
+    // Member Functions
+
+        //- Return value for time t
+        scalar value(const scalar t) const = 0;
+
+        //- Write in dictionary format
+        virtual void writeData(Ostream& os) const;
+};
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+} // End namespace Function1Types
+} // End namespace Foam
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+#endif
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

src/OpenFOAM/primitives/polynomialEqns/Roots.H

@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     |
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2017 OpenFOAM Foundation
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+Class
+    Foam::Roots
+
+Description
+    Templated storage for the roots of polynomial equations, plus flags to
+    indicate the nature of the roots.
+
+SourceFiles
+    RootsI.H
+    Roots.C
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef Roots_H
+#define Roots_H
+
+#include "VectorSpace.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace roots
+{
+
+//- Types of root
+enum type
+{
+    real = 0,
+    complex,
+    posInf,
+    negInf,
+    nan
+};
+
+}
+
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+                         Class Roots Declaration
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+template<direction N>
+class Roots
+:
+    public VectorSpace<Roots<N>, scalar, N>
+{
+    // Private data
+
+        //- Root types, encoded into a single integer
+        label types_;
+
+public:
+
+    // Constructors
+
+        //- Construct null
+        inline Roots();
+
+        //- Construct with a uniform value
+        inline Roots(const roots::type t, const scalar x);
+
+        //- Construct by concatenation
+        inline Roots
+        (
+            const roots::type t,
+            const scalar x,
+            const Roots<N - 1>& xs
+        );
+
+        //- Construct by concatenation
+        inline Roots
+        (
+            const Roots<N - 1>& xs,
+            const roots::type t,
+            const scalar x
+        );
+
+        //- Construct by concatenation
+        template <direction M>
+        inline Roots(const Roots<M>& xs, const Roots<N - M>& ys);
+
+
+    // Member Functions
+
+        //- Set the type of the i-th root
+        inline void type(const direction i, const roots::type t);
+
+        //- Return the type of the i-th root
+        inline roots::type type(const direction i) const;
+};
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+} // End namespace Foam
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+#include "RootsI.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+#endif
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

src/OpenFOAM/primitives/polynomialEqns/RootsI.H

@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     |
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2017 OpenFOAM Foundation
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Constructors  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+template <Foam::direction N>
+inline Foam::Roots<N>::Roots()
+:
+    types_(0)
+{
+    forAll(*this, i)
+    {
+        type(i, roots::nan);
+    }
+}
+
+
+template <Foam::direction N>
+inline Foam::Roots<N>::Roots(const roots::type t, const scalar x)
+:
+    types_(0)
+{
+    forAll(*this, i)
+    {
+        this->v_[i] = x;
+        type(i, t);
+    }
+}
+
+
+template <Foam::direction N>
+inline Foam::Roots<N>::Roots
+(
+    const roots::type t,
+    const scalar x,
+    const Roots<N - 1>& xs
+)
+:
+    types_(0)
+{
+    this->v_[0] = x;
+    type(0, t);
+    forAll(xs, i)
+    {
+        this->v_[i+1] = xs[i];
+        type(i + 1, xs.type(i));
+    }
+}
+
+
+template <Foam::direction N>
+inline Foam::Roots<N>::Roots
+(
+    const Roots<N - 1>& xs,
+    const roots::type t,
+    const scalar x
+)
+:
+    types_(0)
+{
+    forAll(xs, i)
+    {
+        this->v_[i] = xs[i];
+        type(i, xs.type(i));
+    }
+    this->v_[N-1] = x;
+    type(N - 1, t);
+}
+
+
+template <Foam::direction N>
+template <Foam::direction M>
+inline Foam::Roots<N>::Roots
+(
+    const Roots<M>& xs,
+    const Roots<N - M>& ys
+)
+:
+    types_(0)
+{
+    forAll(xs, i)
+    {
+        this->v_[i] = xs[i];
+        type(i, xs.type(i));
+    }
+    forAll(ys, i)
+    {
+        this->v_[i + M] = ys[i];
+        type(i + M, ys.type(i));
+    }
+}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Member Functions  * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+template <Foam::direction N>
+inline void Foam::Roots<N>::type
+(
+    const direction i,
+    const roots::type t
+)
+{
+    types_ += (t - type(i)) << 3*i;
+}
+
+
+template <Foam::direction N>
+inline Foam::roots::type Foam::Roots<N>::type(const direction i) const
+{
+    return static_cast<roots::type>((types_ >> 3*i) & 7);
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

src/OpenFOAM/primitives/polynomialEqns/cubicEqn/cubicEqn.C

@@ -0,0 +1,164 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     |
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2017 OpenFOAM Foundation
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "linearEqn.H"
+#include "quadraticEqn.H"
+#include "cubicEqn.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Member Functions  * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+Foam::Roots<3> Foam::cubicEqn::roots() const
+{
+    /*
+
+    This function solves a cubic equation of the following form:
+
+        a*x^3 + b*x^2 + c*x + d = 0
+          x^3 + B*x^2 + C*x + D = 0
+
+    The following two substitutions are used:
+
+        x = t - B/3
+        t = w - P/3/w
+
+    This reduces the problem to a quadratic in w^3.
+
+        w^6 + Q*w^3 - P = 0
+
+    Where Q and P are given in the code below.
+
+    The properties of the cubic can be related to the properties of this
+    quadratic in w^3. If it has a repeated root a zero, the cubic has a tripl
+    root. If it has a repeated root not at zero, the cubic has two real roots,
+    one repeated and one not. If it has two complex roots, the cubic has three
+    real roots. If it has two real roots, then the cubic has one real root and
+    two complex roots.
+
+    This is solved for the most numerically accurate value of w^3. See the
+    quadratic function for details on how to pick a value. This single value of
+    w^3 can yield up to three cube roots for w, which relate to the three
+    solutions for x.
+
+    Only a single root, or pair of conjugate roots, is directly evaluated; the
+    one, or ones with the lowest relative numerical error. Root identities are
+    then used to recover the remaining roots, possibly utilising a quadratic
+    and/or linear solution. This seems to be a good way of maintaining the
+    accuracy of roots at very different magnitudes.
+
+    */
+
+    const scalar a = this->a();
+    const scalar b = this->b();
+    const scalar c = this->c();
+    const scalar d = this->d();
+
+    if (a == 0)
+    {
+        return Roots<3>(quadraticEqn(b, c, d).roots(), roots::nan, 0);
+    }
+
+    // This is assumed not to over- or under-flow. If it does, all bets are off.
+    const scalar p = c*a - b*b/3;
+    const scalar q = b*b*b*(2.0/27.0) - b*c*a/3 + d*a*a;
+    const scalar disc = p*p*p/27 + q*q/4;
+
+    // How many roots of what types are available?
+    const bool oneReal = disc == 0 && p == 0;
+    const bool twoReal = disc == 0 && p != 0;
+    const bool threeReal = disc < 0;
+    //const bool oneRealTwoComplex = disc > 0;
+
+    static const scalar sqrt3 = sqrt(3.0);
+
+    scalar x;
+
+    if (oneReal)
+    {
+        const Roots<1> r = linearEqn(- a, b/3).roots();
+        return Roots<3>(r.type(0), r[0]);
+    }
+    else if (twoReal)
+    {
+        if (q*b > 0)
+        {
+            x = - 2*cbrt(q/2) - b/3;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            x = cbrt(q/2) - b/3;
+            const Roots<1> r = linearEqn(- a, x).roots();
+            return Roots<3>(Roots<2>(r, r), linearEqn(x*x, a*d).roots());
+        }
+    }
+    else if (threeReal)
+    {
+        const scalar wCbRe = - q/2, wCbIm = sqrt(- disc);
+        const scalar wAbs = cbrt(hypot(wCbRe, wCbIm));
+        const scalar wArg = atan2(wCbIm, wCbRe)/3;
+        const scalar wRe = wAbs*cos(wArg), wIm = wAbs*sin(wArg);
+        if (b > 0)
+        {
+            x = - wRe - mag(wIm)*sqrt3 - b/3;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            x = 2*wRe - b/3;
+        }
+    }
+    else // if (oneRealTwoComplex)
+    {
+        const scalar wCb = - q/2 - sign(q)*sqrt(disc);
+        const scalar w = cbrt(wCb);
+        const scalar t = w - p/(3*w);
+        if (p + t*b < 0)
+        {
+            x = t - b/3;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            const scalar xRe = - t/2 - b/3, xIm = sqrt3/2*(w + p/3/w);
+            x = - a*a*d/(xRe*xRe + xIm*xIm);
+
+            // This form of solving for the remaining roots seems more stable
+            // for this case. This has been determined by trial and error.
+            return
+                Roots<3>
+                (
+                    linearEqn(- a, x).roots(),
+                    quadraticEqn(a*x, x*x + b*x, - a*d).roots()
+                );
+        }
+    }
+
+    return
+        Roots<3>
+        (
+            linearEqn(- a, x).roots(),
+            quadraticEqn(- x*x, c*x + a*d, d*x).roots()
+        );
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

src/OpenFOAM/primitives/polynomialEqns/cubicEqn/cubicEqn.H

@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     |
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2017 OpenFOAM Foundation
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+Class
+    Foam::cubicEqn
+
+Description
+    Cubic equation of the form a*x^3 + b*x^2 + c*x + d = 0
+
+SourceFiles
+    cubicEqnI.H
+    cubicEqn.C
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef cubicEqn_H
+#define cubicEqn_H
+
+#include "Roots.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+                         Class cubicEqn Declaration
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+class cubicEqn
+:
+    public VectorSpace<cubicEqn, scalar, 4>
+{
+public:
+
+    //- Component labeling enumeration
+    enum components { A, B, C, D };
+
+
+    // Constructors
+
+        //- Construct null
+        inline cubicEqn();
+
+        //- Construct initialized to zero
+        inline cubicEqn(const Foam::zero);
+
+        //- Construct from components
+        inline cubicEqn
+        (
+            const scalar a,
+            const scalar b,
+            const scalar c,
+            const scalar d
+        );
+
+
+    // Member Functions
+
+        // Access
+
+            inline scalar a() const;
+            inline scalar b() const;
+            inline scalar c() const;
+            inline scalar d() const;
+
+            inline scalar& a();
+            inline scalar& b();
+            inline scalar& c();
+            inline scalar& d();
+
+        //- Evaluate at x
+        inline scalar value(const scalar x) const;
+
+        //- Estimate the error of evaluation at x
+        inline scalar error(const scalar x) const;
+
+        //- Get the roots
+        Roots<3> roots() const;
+};
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+} // End namespace Foam
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+#include "cubicEqnI.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+#endif
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

src/OpenFOAM/primitives/polynomialEqns/cubicEqn/cubicEqnI.H

@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     |
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2017 OpenFOAM Foundation
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Constructors  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+inline Foam::cubicEqn::cubicEqn()
+{}
+
+
+inline Foam::cubicEqn::cubicEqn(const Foam::zero)
+:
+    VectorSpace<cubicEqn, scalar, 4>(Foam::zero())
+{}
+
+
+inline Foam::cubicEqn::cubicEqn
+(
+    const scalar a,
+    const scalar b,
+    const scalar c,
+    const scalar d
+)
+{
+    this->v_[A] = a;
+    this->v_[B] = b;
+    this->v_[C] = c;
+    this->v_[D] = d;
+}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Member Functions  * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+inline Foam::scalar Foam::cubicEqn::a() const
+{
+    return this->v_[A];
+}
+
+
+inline Foam::scalar Foam::cubicEqn::b() const
+{
+    return this->v_[B];
+}
+
+
+inline Foam::scalar Foam::cubicEqn::c() const
+{
+    return this->v_[C];
+}
+
+
+inline Foam::scalar Foam::cubicEqn::d() const
+{
+    return this->v_[D];
+}
+
+
+inline Foam::scalar& Foam::cubicEqn::a()
+{
+    return this->v_[A];
+}
+
+
+inline Foam::scalar& Foam::cubicEqn::b()
+{
+    return this->v_[B];
+}
+
+
+inline Foam::scalar& Foam::cubicEqn::c()
+{
+    return this->v_[C];
+}
+
+
+inline Foam::scalar& Foam::cubicEqn::d()
+{
+    return this->v_[D];
+}
+
+
+inline Foam::scalar Foam::cubicEqn::value(const scalar x) const
+{
+    return x*(x*(x*a() + b()) + c()) + d();
+}
+
+
+inline Foam::scalar Foam::cubicEqn::error(const scalar x) const
+{
+    return mag(SMALL*x*(x*(x*3*a() + 2*b()) + c()));
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

src/OpenFOAM/primitives/polynomialEqns/linearEqn/linearEqn.H

@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     |
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2017 OpenFOAM Foundation
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+Class
+    Foam::linearEqn
+
+Description
+    Linear equation of the form a*x + b = 0
+
+SourceFiles
+    linearEqnI.H
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef linearEqn_H
+#define linearEqn_H
+
+#include "Roots.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+                         Class linearEqn Declaration
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+class linearEqn
+:
+    public VectorSpace<linearEqn, scalar, 2>
+{
+public:
+
+    //- Component labeling enumeration
+    enum components { A, B };
+
+
+    // Constructors
+
+        //- Construct null
+        inline linearEqn();
+
+        //- Construct initialized to zero
+        inline linearEqn(const Foam::zero);
+
+        //- Construct from components
+        inline linearEqn(const scalar a, const scalar b);
+
+
+    // Member Functions
+
+        // Access
+
+            inline scalar a() const;
+            inline scalar b() const;
+
+            inline scalar& a();
+            inline scalar& b();
+
+        //- Evaluate at x
+        inline scalar value(const scalar x) const;
+
+        //- Estimate the error of evaluation at x
+        inline scalar error(const scalar x) const;
+
+        //- Get the roots
+        inline Roots<1> roots() const;
+};
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+} // End namespace Foam
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+#include "linearEqnI.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+#endif
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

src/OpenFOAM/primitives/polynomialEqns/linearEqn/linearEqnI.H

@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     |
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2017 OpenFOAM Foundation
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Constructors  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+inline Foam::linearEqn::linearEqn()
+{}
+
+
+inline Foam::linearEqn::linearEqn(const Foam::zero)
+:
+    VectorSpace<linearEqn, scalar, 2>(Foam::zero())
+{}
+
+
+inline Foam::linearEqn::linearEqn(const scalar a, const scalar b)
+{
+    this->v_[A] = a;
+    this->v_[B] = b;
+}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Member Functions  * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+inline Foam::scalar Foam::linearEqn::a() const
+{
+    return this->v_[A];
+}
+
+
+inline Foam::scalar Foam::linearEqn::b() const
+{
+    return this->v_[B];
+}
+
+
+inline Foam::scalar& Foam::linearEqn::a()
+{
+    return this->v_[A];
+}
+
+
+inline Foam::scalar& Foam::linearEqn::b()
+{
+    return this->v_[B];
+}
+
+
+inline Foam::scalar Foam::linearEqn::value(const scalar x) const
+{
+    return x*a() + b();
+}
+
+
+inline Foam::scalar Foam::linearEqn::error(const scalar x) const
+{
+    return mag(SMALL*x*a());
+}
+
+
+inline Foam::Roots<1> Foam::linearEqn::roots() const
+{
+    /*
+
+    This function solves a linear equation of the following form:
+
+        a*x + b = 0
+          x + B = 0
+
+    */
+
+    const scalar a = this->a();
+    const scalar b = this->b();
+
+    if (a == 0)
+    {
+        return Roots<1>(roots::nan, 0);
+    }
+
+    if (mag(b/VGREAT) >= mag(a))
+    {
+        return Roots<1>(sign(a) == sign(b) ? roots::negInf : roots::posInf, 0);
+    }
+
+    return Roots<1>(roots::real, - b/a);
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

src/OpenFOAM/primitives/polynomialEqns/quadraticEqn/quadraticEqn.C

@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     |
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2017 OpenFOAM Foundation
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "linearEqn.H"
+#include "quadraticEqn.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Member Functions  * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+Foam::Roots<2> Foam::quadraticEqn::roots() const
+{
+    /*
+
+    This function solves a quadraticEqn equation of the following form:
+
+        a*x^2 + b*x + c = 0
+          x^2 + B*x + C = 0
+
+    The quadraticEqn formula is as follows:
+
+        x = - B/2 +- sqrt(B*B - 4*C)/2
+
+    If the sqrt generates a complex number, this provides the result. If not
+    then the real root with the smallest floating point error is calculated.
+
+        x0 = - B/2 - sign(B)*sqrt(B*B - 4*C)/2
+
+    The other root is the obtained using an identity.
+
+        x1 = C/x0
+
+    */
+
+    const scalar a = this->a();
+    const scalar b = this->b();
+    const scalar c = this->c();
+
+    if (a == 0)
+    {
+        return Roots<2>(linearEqn(b, c).roots(), roots::nan, 0);
+    }
+
+    // This is assumed not to over- or under-flow. If it does, all bets are off.
+    const scalar disc = b*b/4 - a*c;
+
+    // How many roots of what types are available?
+    const bool oneReal = disc == 0;
+    const bool twoReal = disc > 0;
+    //const bool twoComplex = disc < 0;
+
+    if (oneReal)
+    {
+        const Roots<1> r = linearEqn(- a, b/2).roots();
+        return Roots<2>(r, r);
+    }
+    else if (twoReal)
+    {
+        const scalar x = - b/2 - sign(b)*sqrt(disc);
+        return Roots<2>(linearEqn(- a, x).roots(), linearEqn(- x, c).roots());
+    }
+    else // if (twoComplex)
+    {
+        return Roots<2>(roots::complex, 0);
+    }
+}
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

src/OpenFOAM/primitives/polynomialEqns/quadraticEqn/quadraticEqn.H

@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     |
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2017 OpenFOAM Foundation
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+Class
+    Foam::quadraticEqn
+
+Description
+    Quadratic equation of the form a*x^2 + b*x + c = 0
+
+SourceFiles
+    quadraticEqnI.H
+    quadraticEqn.C
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef quadraticEqn_H
+#define quadraticEqn_H
+
+#include "Roots.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+                         Class quadraticEqn Declaration
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+class quadraticEqn
+:
+    public VectorSpace<quadraticEqn, scalar, 3>
+{
+public:
+
+    //- Component labeling enumeration
+    enum components { A, B, C };
+
+
+    // Constructors
+
+        //- Construct null
+        inline quadraticEqn();
+
+        //- Construct initialized to zero
+        inline quadraticEqn(const Foam::zero);
+
+        //- Construct from components
+        inline quadraticEqn(const scalar a, const scalar b, const scalar c);
+
+
+    // Member Functions
+
+        // Access
+
+            inline scalar a() const;
+            inline scalar b() const;
+            inline scalar c() const;
+
+            inline scalar& a();
+            inline scalar& b();
+            inline scalar& c();
+
+        //- Evaluate at x
+        inline scalar value(const scalar x) const;
+
+        //- Estimate the error of evaluation at x
+        inline scalar error(const scalar x) const;
+
+        //- Get the roots
+        Roots<2> roots() const;
+};
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+} // End namespace Foam
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+#include "quadraticEqnI.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+#endif
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

src/OpenFOAM/primitives/polynomialEqns/quadraticEqn/quadraticEqnI.H

@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     |
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2017 OpenFOAM Foundation
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Constructors  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+inline Foam::quadraticEqn::quadraticEqn()
+{}
+
+
+inline Foam::quadraticEqn::quadraticEqn(const Foam::zero)
+:
+    VectorSpace<quadraticEqn, scalar, 3>(Foam::zero())
+{}
+
+
+inline Foam::quadraticEqn::quadraticEqn
+(
+    const scalar a,
+    const scalar b,
+    const scalar c
+)
+{
+    this->v_[A] = a;
+    this->v_[B] = b;
+    this->v_[C] = c;
+}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Member Functions  * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+inline Foam::scalar Foam::quadraticEqn::a() const
+{
+    return this->v_[A];
+}
+
+
+inline Foam::scalar Foam::quadraticEqn::b() const
+{
+    return this->v_[B];
+}
+
+
+inline Foam::scalar Foam::quadraticEqn::c() const
+{
+    return this->v_[C];
+}
+
+
+inline Foam::scalar& Foam::quadraticEqn::a()
+{
+    return this->v_[A];
+}
+
+
+inline Foam::scalar& Foam::quadraticEqn::b()
+{
+    return this->v_[B];
+}
+
+
+inline Foam::scalar& Foam::quadraticEqn::c()
+{
+    return this->v_[C];
+}
+
+
+inline Foam::scalar Foam::quadraticEqn::value(const scalar x) const
+{
+    return x*(x*a() + b()) + c();
+}
+
+
+inline Foam::scalar Foam::quadraticEqn::error(const scalar x) const
+{
+    return mag(SMALL*x*(x*2*a() + b()));
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

src/TurbulenceModels/turbulenceModels/eddyViscosity/eddyViscosity.H

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   =========                 |
   \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
    \\    /   O peration     |
-    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2013-2016 OpenFOAM Foundation
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2013-2017 OpenFOAM Foundation
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
@@ -102,13 +102,6 @@ public:
         //- Re-read model coefficients if they have changed
         virtual bool read() = 0;
 
-        //- Return non-const access to the turbulence viscosity
-        //  to allow modification by means other than derivation
-        volScalarField& evNut()
-        {
-            return nut_;
-        }
-
         //- Return the turbulence viscosity
         virtual tmp<volScalarField> nut() const
         {

src/combustionModels/EDC/EDC.C

@@ -0,0 +1,248 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     |
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2017 OpenFOAM Foundation
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "EDC.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Constructors  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+template<class Type>
+Foam::combustionModels::EDC<Type>::EDC
+(
+    const word& modelType,
+    const fvMesh& mesh,
+    const word& combustionProperties,
+    const word& phaseName
+)
+:
+    laminar<Type>(modelType, mesh, combustionProperties, phaseName),
+    version_
+    (
+        EDCversionNames
+        [
+            this->coeffs().lookupOrDefault
+            (
+                "version",
+                word(EDCversionNames[EDCdefaultVersion])
+            )
+        ]
+    ),
+    C1_(this->coeffs().lookupOrDefault("C1", 0.05774)),
+    C2_(this->coeffs().lookupOrDefault("C2", 0.5)),
+    Cgamma_(this->coeffs().lookupOrDefault("Cgamma", 2.1377)),
+    Ctau_(this->coeffs().lookupOrDefault("Ctau", 0.4083)),
+    exp1_(this->coeffs().lookupOrDefault("exp1", EDCexp1[int(version_)])),
+    exp2_(this->coeffs().lookupOrDefault("exp2", EDCexp2[int(version_)])),
+    kappa_
+    (
+        IOobject
+        (
+            IOobject::groupName(typeName + ":kappa", phaseName),
+            mesh.time().timeName(),
+            mesh,
+            IOobject::NO_READ,
+            IOobject::AUTO_WRITE
+        ),
+        mesh,
+        dimensionedScalar("kappa", dimless, 0)
+    )
+{}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Destructor  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+template<class Type>
+Foam::combustionModels::EDC<Type>::~EDC()
+{}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Member Functions  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+template<class Type>
+void Foam::combustionModels::EDC<Type>::correct()
+{
+    if (this->active())
+    {
+        tmp<volScalarField> tepsilon(this->turbulence().epsilon());
+        const volScalarField& epsilon = tepsilon();
+
+        tmp<volScalarField> tmu(this->turbulence().mu());
+        const volScalarField& mu = tmu();
+
+        tmp<volScalarField> tk(this->turbulence().k());
+        const volScalarField& k = tk();
+
+        tmp<volScalarField> trho(this->rho());
+        const volScalarField& rho = trho();
+
+        scalarField tauStar(epsilon.size(), 0);
+
+        if (version_ == EDCversions::v2016)
+        {
+            tmp<volScalarField> ttc(this->chemistryPtr_->tc());
+            const volScalarField& tc = ttc();
+
+            forAll(tauStar, i)
+            {
+                const scalar nu = mu[i]/(rho[i] + SMALL);
+
+                const scalar Da =
+                    max(min(sqrt(nu/(epsilon[i] + SMALL))/tc[i], 10), 1e-10);
+
+                const scalar ReT = sqr(k[i])/(nu*epsilon[i] + SMALL);
+                const scalar CtauI = min(C1_/(Da*sqrt(ReT + 1)), 2.1377);
+
+                const scalar CgammaI =
+                    max(min(C2_*sqrt(Da*(ReT + 1)), 5), 0.4082);
+
+                const scalar gammaL =
+                    CgammaI*pow025(nu*epsilon[i]/(sqr(k[i]) + SMALL));
+
+                tauStar[i] = CtauI*sqrt(nu/(epsilon[i] + SMALL));
+
+                if (gammaL >= 1)
+                {
+                    kappa_[i] = 1;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    kappa_[i] =
+                        max
+                        (
+                            min
+                            (
+                                pow(gammaL, exp1_)/(1 - pow(gammaL, exp2_)),
+                                1
+                            ),
+                            0
+                        );
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            forAll(tauStar, i)
+            {
+                const scalar nu = mu[i]/(rho[i] + SMALL);
+                const scalar gammaL =
+                    Cgamma_*pow025(nu*epsilon[i]/(sqr(k[i]) + SMALL));
+
+                tauStar[i] = Ctau_*sqrt(nu/(epsilon[i] + SMALL));
+                if (gammaL >= 1)
+                {
+                    kappa_[i] = 1;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    kappa_[i] =
+                        max
+                        (
+                            min
+                            (
+                                pow(gammaL, exp1_)/(1 - pow(gammaL, exp2_)),
+                                1
+                            ),
+                            0
+                        );
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        this->chemistryPtr_->solve(tauStar);
+    }
+}
+
+
+template<class Type>
+Foam::tmp<Foam::fvScalarMatrix>
+Foam::combustionModels::EDC<Type>::R(volScalarField& Y) const
+{
+    return kappa_*laminar<Type>::R(Y);
+}
+
+
+template<class Type>
+Foam::tmp<Foam::volScalarField>
+Foam::combustionModels::EDC<Type>::Qdot() const
+{
+    tmp<volScalarField> tQdot
+    (
+        new volScalarField
+        (
+            IOobject
+            (
+                IOobject::groupName(typeName + ":Qdot", this->phaseName_),
+                this->mesh().time().timeName(),
+                this->mesh(),
+                IOobject::NO_READ,
+                IOobject::NO_WRITE,
+                false
+            ),
+            this->mesh(),
+            dimensionedScalar("Qdot", dimEnergy/dimVolume/dimTime, 0)
+        )
+    );
+
+    if (this->active())
+    {
+        tQdot.ref() = kappa_*this->chemistryPtr_->Qdot();
+    }
+
+    return tQdot;
+}
+
+
+template<class Type>
+bool Foam::combustionModels::EDC<Type>::read()
+{
+    if (Type::read())
+    {
+        version_ =
+        (
+            EDCversionNames
+            [
+                this->coeffs().lookupOrDefault
+                (
+                    "version",
+                    word(EDCversionNames[EDCdefaultVersion])
+                )
+            ]
+        );
+        C1_ = this->coeffs().lookupOrDefault("C1", 0.05774);
+        C2_ = this->coeffs().lookupOrDefault("C2", 0.5);
+        Cgamma_ = this->coeffs().lookupOrDefault("Cgamma", 2.1377);
+        Ctau_ = this->coeffs().lookupOrDefault("Ctau", 0.4083);
+        exp1_ = this->coeffs().lookupOrDefault("exp1", EDCexp1[int(version_)]);
+        exp2_ = this->coeffs().lookupOrDefault("exp2", EDCexp2[int(version_)]);
+
+        return true;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        return false;
+    }
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

src/combustionModels/EDC/EDC.H

@@ -0,0 +1,214 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     |
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2017 OpenFOAM Foundation
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+Class
+    Foam::combustionModels::EDC
+
+Description
+    Eddy Dissipation Concept (EDC) turbulent combustion model.
+
+    This model considers that the reaction occurs in the regions of the flow
+    where the dissipation of turbulence kinetic energy takes place (fine
+    structures). The mass fraction of the fine structures and the mean residence
+    time are provided by an energy cascade model.
+
+    There are many versions and developments of the EDC model, 4 of which are
+    currently supported in this implementation: v1981, v1996, v2005 and
+    v2016.  The model variant is selected using the optional \c version entry in
+    the \c EDCCoeffs dictionary, \eg
+
+    \verbatim
+        EDCCoeffs
+        {
+            version v2016;
+        }
+    \endverbatim
+
+    The default version is \c v2015 if the \c version entry is not specified.
+
+    Model versions and references:
+    \verbatim
+        Version v2005:
+
+            Cgamma = 2.1377
+            Ctau = 0.4083
+            kappa = gammaL^exp1 / (1 - gammaL^exp2),
+
+            where exp1 = 2, and exp2 = 2.
+
+            Magnussen, B. F. (2005, June).
+            The Eddy Dissipation Concept -
+            A Bridge Between Science and Technology.
+            In ECCOMAS thematic conference on computational combustion
+            (pp. 21-24).
+
+        Version v1981:
+
+            Changes coefficients exp1 = 3 and exp2 = 3
+
+            Magnussen, B. (1981, January).
+            On the structure of turbulence and a generalized
+            eddy dissipation concept for chemical reaction in turbulent flow.
+            In 19th Aerospace Sciences Meeting (p. 42).
+
+        Version v1996:
+
+            Changes coefficients exp1 = 2 and exp2 = 3
+
+            Gran, I. R., & Magnussen, B. F. (1996).
+            A numerical study of a bluff-body stabilized diffusion flame.
+            Part 2. Influence of combustion modeling and finite-rate chemistry.
+            Combustion Science and Technology, 119(1-6), 191-217.
+
+        Version v2016:
+
+            Use local constants computed from the turbulent Da and Re numbers.
+
+            Parente, A., Malik, M. R., Contino, F., Cuoci, A., & Dally, B. B.
+            (2016).
+            Extension of the Eddy Dissipation Concept for
+            turbulence/chemistry interactions to MILD combustion.
+            Fuel, 163, 98-111.
+    \endverbatim
+
+SourceFiles
+    EDC.C
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef EDC_H
+#define EDC_H
+
+#include "../laminar/laminar.H"
+#include "NamedEnum.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+namespace combustionModels
+{
+
+//- EDC model versions
+enum class EDCversions
+{
+    v1981,
+    v1996,
+    v2005,
+    v2016
+};
+
+extern const NamedEnum<EDCversions, 4> EDCversionNames;
+extern const EDCversions EDCdefaultVersion;
+
+const scalar EDCexp1[] = {3, 2, 2, 2};
+const scalar EDCexp2[] = {3, 3, 2, 2};
+
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+                            Class EDC Declaration
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+template<class Type>
+class EDC
+:
+    public laminar<Type>
+{
+    // Private data
+
+        //- The selected model version
+        EDCversions version_;
+
+        scalar C1_;
+        scalar C2_;
+        scalar Cgamma_;
+        scalar Ctau_;
+        scalar exp1_;
+        scalar exp2_;
+
+        //- Mixing parameter
+        volScalarField kappa_;
+
+
+    // Private Member Functions
+
+        //- Disallow copy construct
+        EDC(const EDC&);
+
+        //- Disallow default bitwise assignment
+        void operator=(const EDC&);
+
+
+public:
+
+    //- Runtime type information
+    TypeName("EDC");
+
+
+    // Constructors
+
+        //- Construct from components
+        EDC
+        (
+            const word& modelType,
+            const fvMesh& mesh,
+            const word& combustionProperties,
+            const word& phaseName
+        );
+
+
+    //- Destructor
+    virtual ~EDC();
+
+
+    // Member Functions
+
+        //- Correct combustion rate
+        virtual void correct();
+
+        //- Fuel consumption rate matrix.
+        virtual tmp<fvScalarMatrix> R(volScalarField& Y) const;
+
+        //- Heat release rate [kg/m/s3]
+        virtual tmp<volScalarField> Qdot() const;
+
+        //- Update properties from given dictionary
+        virtual bool read();
+};
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+} // End namespace combustionModels
+} // End namespace Foam
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+#ifdef NoRepository
+    #include "EDC.C"
+#endif
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+#endif
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

src/combustionModels/EDC/EDCs.C

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     |
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2017 OpenFOAM Foundation
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "makeCombustionTypes.H"
+
+#include "psiChemistryCombustion.H"
+#include "rhoChemistryCombustion.H"
+#include "EDC.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * Static Member Data  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+template<>
+const char* Foam::NamedEnum
+<
+    Foam::combustionModels::EDCversions,
+    4
+>::names[] =
+{
+    "v1981",
+    "v1996",
+    "v2005",
+    "v2016"
+};
+
+const Foam::NamedEnum<Foam::combustionModels::EDCversions, 4>
+    Foam::combustionModels::EDCversionNames;
+
+const Foam::combustionModels::EDCversions
+Foam::combustionModels::EDCdefaultVersion
+(
+    Foam::combustionModels::EDCversions::v2005
+);
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+makeCombustionTypes(EDC, psiChemistryCombustion, psiCombustionModel);
+makeCombustionTypes(EDC, rhoChemistryCombustion, rhoCombustionModel);
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

src/combustionModels/Make/files

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ diffusion/diffusions.C
 infinitelyFastChemistry/infinitelyFastChemistrys.C
 
 PaSR/PaSRs.C
+EDC/EDCs.C
 
 eddyDissipationDiffusionModel/eddyDissipationDiffusionModels.C
 

src/dynamicMesh/polyTopoChange/polyTopoChange/edgeCollapser.C

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   =========                 |
   \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
    \\    /   O peration     |
-    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011-2016 OpenFOAM Foundation
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011-2017 OpenFOAM Foundation
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License

src/finiteVolume/finiteVolume/ddtSchemes/CrankNicolsonDdtScheme/CrankNicolsonDdtScheme.C

@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ License
 #include "surfaceInterpolate.H"
 #include "fvcDiv.H"
 #include "fvMatrices.H"
+#include "Constant.H"
 
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
@@ -200,7 +201,7 @@ scalar CrankNicolsonDdtScheme<Type>::coef_
 {
     if (mesh().time().timeIndex() > ddt0.startTimeIndex())
     {
-        return 1 + ocCoeff_;
+        return 1 + ocCoeff();
     }
     else
     {
@@ -218,7 +219,7 @@ scalar CrankNicolsonDdtScheme<Type>::coef0_
 {
     if (mesh().time().timeIndex() > ddt0.startTimeIndex() + 1)
     {
-        return 1 + ocCoeff_;
+        return 1 + ocCoeff();
     }
     else
     {
@@ -256,9 +257,9 @@ tmp<GeoField> CrankNicolsonDdtScheme<Type>::offCentre_
     const GeoField& ddt0
 ) const
 {
-    if (ocCoeff_ < 1)
+    if (ocCoeff() < 1)
     {
-        return ocCoeff_*ddt0;
+        return ocCoeff()*ddt0;
     }
     else
     {
@@ -277,7 +278,70 @@ const FieldField<fvPatchField, Type>& ff
 }
 
 
-// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Constructors  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+template<class Type>
+CrankNicolsonDdtScheme<Type>::CrankNicolsonDdtScheme(const fvMesh& mesh)
+:
+    ddtScheme<Type>(mesh),
+    ocCoeff_(new Function1Types::Constant<scalar>("ocCoeff", 1))
+{
+    // Ensure the old-old-time cell volumes are available
+    // for moving meshes
+    if (mesh.moving())
+    {
+        mesh.V00();
+    }
+}
+
+
+template<class Type>
+CrankNicolsonDdtScheme<Type>::CrankNicolsonDdtScheme
+(
+    const fvMesh& mesh,
+    Istream& is
+)
+:
+    ddtScheme<Type>(mesh, is)
+{
+    token firstToken(is);
+
+    if (firstToken.isNumber())
+    {
+        const scalar ocCoeff = firstToken.scalarToken();
+        if (ocCoeff < 0 || ocCoeff > 1)
+        {
+            FatalIOErrorInFunction
+            (
+                is
+            )   << "Off-centreing coefficient = " << ocCoeff
+                << " should be >= 0 and <= 1"
+                << exit(FatalIOError);
+        }
+
+        ocCoeff_ = new Function1Types::Constant<scalar>
+        (
+            "ocCoeff",
+            ocCoeff
+        );
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        is.putBack(firstToken);
+        dictionary dict(is);
+        ocCoeff_ = Function1<scalar>::New("ocCoeff", dict);
+    }
+
+    // Ensure the old-old-time cell volumes are available
+    // for moving meshes
+    if (mesh.moving())
+    {
+        mesh.V00();
+    }
+}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Member Functions  * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
 template<class Type>
 tmp<GeometricField<Type, fvPatchField, volMesh>>

src/finiteVolume/finiteVolume/ddtSchemes/CrankNicolsonDdtScheme/CrankNicolsonDdtScheme.H

@@ -35,13 +35,28 @@ Description
     geometries and it is necessary to "off-centre" the scheme to stabilize it
     while retaining greater temporal accuracy than the first-order
     Euler-implicit scheme.  Off-centering is specified via the mandatory
-    coefficient in the range [0,1] following the scheme name e.g.
+    coefficient \c ocCoeff in the range [0,1] following the scheme name e.g.
     \verbatim
     ddtSchemes
     {
         default         CrankNicolson 0.9;
     }
     \endverbatim
+    or with an optional "ramp" function to transition from the Euler scheme to
+    Crank-Nicolson over a initial period to avoid start-up problems, e.g.
+    \verbatim
+    ddtSchemes
+    {
+        default         CrankNicolson
+        ocCoeff
+        {
+            type scale;
+            scale linearRamp;
+            duration 0.01;
+            value 0.9;
+        };
+    }
+    \endverbatim
     With a coefficient of 1 the scheme is fully centred and second-order,
     with a coefficient of 0 the scheme is equivalent to Euler-implicit.
     A coefficient of 0.9 has been found to be suitable for a range of cases for
@@ -79,6 +94,7 @@ SourceFiles
 #define CrankNicolsonDdtScheme_H
 
 #include "ddtScheme.H"
+#include "Function1.H"
 
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
@@ -140,8 +156,9 @@ class CrankNicolsonDdtScheme
         };
 
 
-        //- Off-centering coefficient, 1 -> CN, less than one blends with EI
-        scalar ocCoeff_;
+        //- Off-centering coefficient function
+        //  1 -> CN, less than one blends with EI
+        autoPtr<Function1<scalar>> ocCoeff_;
 
 
     // Private Member Functions
@@ -197,42 +214,10 @@ public:
     // Constructors
 
         //- Construct from mesh
-        CrankNicolsonDdtScheme(const fvMesh& mesh)
-        :
-            ddtScheme<Type>(mesh),
-            ocCoeff_(1.0)
-        {
-            // Ensure the old-old-time cell volumes are available
-            // for moving meshes
-            if (mesh.moving())
-            {
-                mesh.V00();
-            }
-        }
+        CrankNicolsonDdtScheme(const fvMesh& mesh);
 
         //- Construct from mesh and Istream
-        CrankNicolsonDdtScheme(const fvMesh& mesh, Istream& is)
-        :
-            ddtScheme<Type>(mesh, is),
-            ocCoeff_(readScalar(is))
-        {
-            if (ocCoeff_ < 0 || ocCoeff_ > 1)
-            {
-                FatalIOErrorInFunction
-                (
-                    is
-                )   << "Off-centreing coefficient = " << ocCoeff_
-                    << " should be >= 0 and <= 1"
-                    << exit(FatalIOError);
-            }
-
-            // Ensure the old-old-time cell volumes are available
-            // for moving meshes
-            if (mesh.moving())
-            {
-                mesh.V00();
-            }
-        }
+        CrankNicolsonDdtScheme(const fvMesh& mesh, Istream& is);
 
 
     // Member Functions
@@ -243,10 +228,10 @@ public:
             return fv::ddtScheme<Type>::mesh();
         }
 
-        //- Return the off-centreing coefficient
+        //- Return the current off-centreing coefficient
         scalar ocCoeff() const
         {
-            return ocCoeff_;
+            return ocCoeff_->value(mesh().time().value());
         }
 
         tmp<GeometricField<Type, fvPatchField, volMesh>> fvcDdt

src/functionObjects/field/fieldAverage/fieldAverage.C

@@ -76,6 +76,17 @@ void Foam::functionObjects::fieldAverage::initialize()
     {
         totalTime_.setSize(faItems_.size(), obr_.time().deltaTValue());
     }
+    else
+    {
+        // Check if totalTime_ has been set otherwise initialize
+        forAll(totalTime_, fieldi)
+        {
+            if (totalTime_[fieldi] < 0)
+            {
+                totalTime_[fieldi] = obr_.time().deltaTValue();
+            }
+        }
+    }
 
     resetFields();
 
@@ -224,8 +235,10 @@ void Foam::functionObjects::fieldAverage::readAveragingProperties()
     totalIter_.clear();
     totalIter_.setSize(faItems_.size(), 1);
 
+    // Initialize totalTime with negative values
+    // to indicate that it has not been set
     totalTime_.clear();
-    totalTime_.setSize(faItems_.size(), obr().time().deltaTValue());
+    totalTime_.setSize(faItems_.size(), -1);
 
     if (restartOnRestart_ || restartOnOutput_)
     {

src/functionObjects/utilities/setTimeStep/setTimeStepFunctionObject.H

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   =========                 |
   \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
    \\    /   O peration     |
-    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2013-2016 OpenFOAM Foundation
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2013-2017 OpenFOAM Foundation
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
@@ -28,11 +28,13 @@ Group
     grpUtilitiesFunctionObjects
 
 Description
-    This function object overrides the calculation time step. Can only be used
-    with solvers with adjustTimeStep control (e.g. pimpleFoam).  It makes no
-    attempt to co-operate with other time step 'controllers', e.g. maxCo, other
-    functionObjects. Supports 'enabled' flag but none of the other options
-    'timeStart', 'timeEnd', 'writeControl' etc.
+    This function object overrides the calculation time step.
+
+    Can only be used with solvers with adjustTimeStep control (e.g.
+    pimpleFoam).  It makes no attempt to co-operate with other time step
+    'controllers', e.g. maxCo, other functionObjects. Supports 'enabled'
+    flag but none of the other options 'timeStart', 'timeEnd', 'writeControl'
+    etc.
 
 Usage
     Example of function object specification to manipulate the time step:

src/lagrangian/intermediate/parcels/Templates/KinematicParcel/KinematicParcel.C

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   =========                 |
   \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
    \\    /   O peration     |
-    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011-2016 OpenFOAM Foundation
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011-2017 OpenFOAM Foundation
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
@@ -408,6 +408,11 @@ bool Foam::KinematicParcel<ParcelType>::hitPatch
         // All interactions done
         return true;
     }
+    else if (pp.coupled())
+    {
+        // Don't apply the patchInteraction models to coupled boundaries
+        return false;
+    }
     else
     {
         // Invoke patch interaction model

src/lagrangian/intermediate/submodels/Kinematic/PatchInteractionModel/LocalInteraction/LocalInteraction.C

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   =========                 |
   \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
    \\    /   O peration     |
-    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011-2016 OpenFOAM Foundation
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011-2017 OpenFOAM Foundation
      \\/     M anipulation  | Copyright (C) 2015-2016 OpenCFD Ltd.
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
@@ -190,6 +190,10 @@ bool Foam::LocalInteraction<CloudType>::correct
 
         switch (it)
         {
+            case PatchInteractionModel<CloudType>::itNone:
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
             case PatchInteractionModel<CloudType>::itEscape:
             {
                 scalar dm = p.mass()*p.nParticle();

src/lagrangian/intermediate/submodels/Kinematic/PatchInteractionModel/LocalInteraction/patchInteractionDataList.C

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   =========                 |
   \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
    \\    /   O peration     |
-    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011-2016 OpenFOAM Foundation
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011-2017 OpenFOAM Foundation
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
@@ -74,7 +74,6 @@ Foam::patchInteractionDataList::patchInteractionDataList
         (
             !pp.coupled()
          && !isA<emptyPolyPatch>(pp)
-         && !isA<cyclicAMIPolyPatch>(pp)
          && applyToPatch(pp.index()) < 0
         )
         {

src/lagrangian/intermediate/submodels/Kinematic/PatchInteractionModel/PatchInteractionModel/PatchInteractionModel.C

@@ -51,6 +51,11 @@ Foam::word Foam::PatchInteractionModel<CloudType>::interactionTypeToWord
 
     switch (itEnum)
     {
+        case itNone:
+        {
+            it = "none";
+            break;
+        }
         case itRebound:
         {
             it = "rebound";
@@ -82,6 +87,10 @@ Foam::PatchInteractionModel<CloudType>::wordToInteractionType
     const word& itWord
 )
 {
+    if (itWord == "none")
+    {
+        return itNone;
+    }
     if (itWord == "rebound")
     {
         return itRebound;

src/lagrangian/intermediate/submodels/Kinematic/PatchInteractionModel/PatchInteractionModel/PatchInteractionModel.H

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   =========                 |
   \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
    \\    /   O peration     |
-    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011-2016 OpenFOAM Foundation
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011-2017 OpenFOAM Foundation
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
@@ -68,6 +68,7 @@ public:
         // Interaction types
         enum interactionType
         {
+            itNone,
             itRebound,
             itStick,
             itEscape,

src/lagrangian/intermediate/submodels/Kinematic/PatchInteractionModel/StandardWallInteraction/StandardWallInteraction.C

@@ -114,6 +114,10 @@ bool Foam::StandardWallInteraction<CloudType>::correct
     {
         switch (interactionType_)
         {
+            case PatchInteractionModel<CloudType>::itNone:
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
             case PatchInteractionModel<CloudType>::itEscape:
             {
                 keepParticle = false;

src/lagrangian/intermediate/submodels/Thermodynamic/SurfaceFilmModel/ThermoSurfaceFilm/ThermoSurfaceFilm.C

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   =========                 |
   \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
    \\    /   O peration     |
-    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011-2016 OpenFOAM Foundation
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011-2017 OpenFOAM Foundation
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
@@ -111,13 +111,13 @@ Foam::vector Foam::ThermoSurfaceFilm<CloudType>::splashDirection
     const vector& nf
 ) const
 {
-    // azimuthal angle [rad]
+    // Azimuthal angle [rad]
     const scalar phiSi = twoPi*rndGen_.sample01<scalar>();
 
-    // ejection angle [rad]
+    // Ejection angle [rad]
     const scalar thetaSi = pi/180.0*(rndGen_.sample01<scalar>()*(50 - 5) + 5);
 
-    // direction vector of new parcel
+    // Direction vector of new parcel
     const scalar alpha = sin(thetaSi);
     const scalar dcorr = cos(thetaSi);
     const vector normal = alpha*(tanVec1*cos(phiSi) + tanVec2*sin(phiSi));
@@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ void Foam::ThermoSurfaceFilm<CloudType>::drySplashInteraction
     const vector& Up = this->owner().U().boundaryField()[pp.index()][facei];
     const vector& nf = pp.faceNormals()[facei];
 
-    // local pressure
+    // Local pressure
     const scalar pc = thermo_.thermo().p()[p.cell()];
 
     // Retrieve parcel properties
@@ -247,13 +247,13 @@ void Foam::ThermoSurfaceFilm<CloudType>::drySplashInteraction
     // Critical Weber number
     const scalar Wec = Adry_*pow(La, -0.183);
 
-    if (We < Wec) // adhesion - assume absorb
+    if (We < Wec) // Adhesion - assume absorb
     {
         absorbInteraction(filmModel, p, pp, facei, m, keepParticle);
     }
-    else // splash
+    else // Splash
     {
-        // ratio of incident mass to splashing mass
+        // Ratio of incident mass to splashing mass
         const scalar mRatio = 0.2 + 0.6*rndGen_.sample01<scalar>();
         splashInteraction
             (filmModel, p, pp, facei, mRatio, We, Wec, sigma, keepParticle);
@@ -282,7 +282,7 @@ void Foam::ThermoSurfaceFilm<CloudType>::wetSplashInteraction
     const vector& Up = this->owner().U().boundaryField()[pp.index()][facei];
     const vector& nf = pp.faceNormals()[facei];
 
-    // local pressure
+    // Local pressure
     const scalar pc = thermo_.thermo().p()[p.cell()];
 
     // Retrieve parcel properties
@@ -305,31 +305,31 @@ void Foam::ThermoSurfaceFilm<CloudType>::wetSplashInteraction
     // Critical Weber number
     const scalar Wec = Awet_*pow(La, -0.183);
 
-    if (We < 1) // adhesion - assume absorb
+    if (We < 2) // Adhesion - assume absorb
     {
         absorbInteraction(filmModel, p, pp, facei, m, keepParticle);
     }
-    else if ((We >= 1) && (We < 20)) // bounce
+    else if ((We >= 2) && (We < 20)) // Bounce
     {
-        // incident angle of impingement
+        // Incident angle of impingement
         const scalar theta = pi/2 - acos(U/mag(U) & nf);
 
-        // restitution coefficient
+        // Restitution coefficient
         const scalar epsilon = 0.993 - theta*(1.76 - theta*(1.56 - theta*0.49));
 
-        // update parcel velocity
+        // Update parcel velocity
         U = -epsilon*(Un) + 5/7*(Ut);
 
         keepParticle = true;
         return;
     }
-    else if ((We >= 20) && (We < Wec)) // spread - assume absorb
+    else if ((We >= 20) && (We < Wec)) // Spread - assume absorb
     {
         absorbInteraction(filmModel, p, pp, facei, m, keepParticle);
     }
-    else    // splash
+    else    // Splash
     {
-        // ratio of incident mass to splashing mass
+        // Ratio of incident mass to splashing mass
         // splash mass can be > incident mass due to film entrainment
         const scalar mRatio = 0.2 + 0.9*rndGen_.sample01<scalar>();
         splashInteraction
@@ -371,24 +371,24 @@ void Foam::ThermoSurfaceFilm<CloudType>::splashInteraction
     const vector& posC = mesh.C()[p.cell()];
     const vector& posCf = mesh.Cf().boundaryField()[pp.index()][facei];
 
-    // total mass of (all) splashed parcels
+    // Total mass of (all) splashed parcels
     const scalar mSplash = m*mRatio;
 
-    // number of splashed particles per incoming particle
+    // Number of splashed particles per incoming particle
     const scalar Ns = 5.0*(We/Wec - 1.0);
 
-    // average diameter of splashed particles
+    // Average diameter of splashed particles
     const scalar dBarSplash = 1/cbrt(6.0)*cbrt(mRatio/Ns)*d + ROOTVSMALL;
 
-    // cumulative diameter splash distribution
+    // Cumulative diameter splash distribution
     const scalar dMax = 0.9*cbrt(mRatio)*d;
     const scalar dMin = 0.1*dMax;
     const scalar K = exp(-dMin/dBarSplash) - exp(-dMax/dBarSplash);
 
-    // surface energy of secondary parcels [J]
+    // Surface energy of secondary parcels [J]
     scalar ESigmaSec = 0;
 
-    // sample splash distribution to determine secondary parcel diameters
+    // Sample splash distribution to determine secondary parcel diameters
     scalarList dNew(parcelsPerSplash_);
     scalarList npNew(parcelsPerSplash_);
     forAll(dNew, i)
@@ -399,26 +399,26 @@ void Foam::ThermoSurfaceFilm<CloudType>::splashInteraction
         ESigmaSec += npNew[i]*sigma*p.areaS(dNew[i]);
     }
 
-    // incident kinetic energy [J]
+    // Incident kinetic energy [J]
     const scalar EKIn = 0.5*m*magSqr(Urel);
 
-    // incident surface energy [J]
+    // Incident surface energy [J]
     const scalar ESigmaIn = np*sigma*p.areaS(d);
 
-    // dissipative energy
+    // Dissipative energy
     const scalar Ed = max(0.8*EKIn, np*Wec/12*pi*sigma*sqr(d));
 
-    // total energy [J]
+    // Total energy [J]
     const scalar EKs = EKIn + ESigmaIn - ESigmaSec - Ed;
 
-    // switch to absorb if insufficient energy for splash
+    // Switch to absorb if insufficient energy for splash
     if (EKs <= 0)
     {
         absorbInteraction(filmModel, p, pp, facei, m, keepParticle);
         return;
     }
 
-    // helper variables to calculate magUns0
+    // Helper variables to calculate magUns0
     const scalar logD = log(d);
     const scalar coeff2 = log(dNew[0]) - logD + ROOTVSMALL;
     scalar coeff1 = 0.0;
@@ -427,7 +427,7 @@ void Foam::ThermoSurfaceFilm<CloudType>::splashInteraction
         coeff1 += sqr(log(dNew[i]) - logD);
     }
 
-    // magnitude of the normal velocity of the first splashed parcel
+    // Magnitude of the normal velocity of the first splashed parcel
     const scalar magUns0 =
         sqrt(2.0*parcelsPerSplash_*EKs/mSplash/(1.0 + coeff1/sqr(coeff2)));
 
@@ -448,7 +448,7 @@ void Foam::ThermoSurfaceFilm<CloudType>::splashInteraction
             pPtr->typeId() = splashParcelType_;
         }
 
-        // perturb new parcels towards the owner cell centre
+        // Perturb new parcels towards the owner cell centre
         pPtr->position() += 0.5*rndGen_.sample01<scalar>()*(posC - posCf);
 
         pPtr->nParticle() = npNew[i];
@@ -466,7 +466,7 @@ void Foam::ThermoSurfaceFilm<CloudType>::splashInteraction
         nParcelsSplashed_++;
     }
 
-    // transfer remaining part of parcel to film 0 - splashMass can be -ve
+    // Transfer remaining part of parcel to film 0 - splashMass can be -ve
     // if entraining from the film
     const scalar mDash = m - mSplash;
     absorbInteraction(filmModel, p, pp, facei, mDash, keepParticle);
@@ -613,11 +613,11 @@ bool Foam::ThermoSurfaceFilm<CloudType>::transferParcel
             }
         }
 
-        // transfer parcel/parcel interactions complete
+        // Transfer parcel/parcel interactions complete
         return true;
     }
 
-    // parcel not interacting with film
+    // Parcel not interacting with film
     return false;
 }
 

src/lagrangian/intermediate/submodels/Thermodynamic/SurfaceFilmModel/ThermoSurfaceFilm/ThermoSurfaceFilm.H

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   =========                 |
   \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
    \\    /   O peration     |
-    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011-2016 OpenFOAM Foundation
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011-2017 OpenFOAM Foundation
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ Description
         Bai and Gosman, `Mathematical modelling of wall films formed by
         impinging sprays', SAE 960626, 1996
 
-        Bai et al, `Modelling off gasoline spray impingement', Atom. Sprays,
+        Bai et al, `Modelling of gasoline spray impingement', Atom. Sprays,
         vol 12, pp 1-27, 2002
 
 

src/regionModels/pyrolysisModels/reactingOneDim/reactingOneDim.C

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   =========                 |
   \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
    \\    /   O peration     |
-    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011-2016 OpenFOAM Foundation
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011-2017 OpenFOAM Foundation
      \\/     M anipulation  | Copyright (C) 2016 OpenCFD Ltd.
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
@@ -25,13 +25,11 @@ License
 
 #include "reactingOneDim.H"
 #include "addToRunTimeSelectionTable.H"
-#include "surfaceInterpolate.H"
 #include "fvm.H"
 #include "fvcDiv.H"
 #include "fvcVolumeIntegrate.H"
-#include "fvMatrices.H"
-#include "absorptionEmissionModel.H"
 #include "fvcLaplacian.H"
+#include "absorptionEmissionModel.H"
 
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
@@ -239,22 +237,21 @@ void reactingOneDim::solveContinuity()
         InfoInFunction << endl;
     }
 
-
     if (!moveMesh_)
     {
         fvScalarMatrix rhoEqn
         (
-            fvm::ddt(rho_)
-            ==
-          - solidChemistry_->RRg()
+            fvm::ddt(rho_) == -solidChemistry_->RRg()
         );
 
         rhoEqn.solve();
     }
     else
     {
-        const scalarField deltaV =
-            -solidChemistry_->RRg()*regionMesh().V()*time_.deltaT()/rho_;
+        const scalarField deltaV
+        (
+            -solidChemistry_->RRg()*regionMesh().V()*time_.deltaT()/rho_
+        );
 
         updateMesh(deltaV);
     }
@@ -276,9 +273,7 @@ void reactingOneDim::solveSpeciesMass()
 
         fvScalarMatrix YiEqn
         (
-            fvm::ddt(rho_, Yi)
-         ==
-            solidChemistry_->RRs(i)
+            fvm::ddt(rho_, Yi) == solidChemistry_->RRs(i)
         );
 
         if (regionMesh().moving())
@@ -624,7 +619,7 @@ scalar reactingOneDim::solidRegionDiffNo() const
     {
         surfaceScalarField KrhoCpbyDelta
         (
-            regionMesh().surfaceInterpolation::deltaCoeffs()
+            sqr(regionMesh().surfaceInterpolation::deltaCoeffs())
            *fvc::interpolate(kappa())
            /fvc::interpolate(Cp()*rho_)
         );

src/regionModels/regionModel/regionModel/regionModel.C

@@ -63,31 +63,6 @@ void Foam::regionModels::regionModel::constructMeshObjects()
 }
 
 
-void Foam::regionModels::regionModel::constructMeshObjects
-(
-    const dictionary& dict
-)
-{
-    // construct region mesh
-    if (!time_.foundObject<fvMesh>(regionName_))
-    {
-        regionMeshPtr_.reset
-        (
-            new fvMesh
-            (
-                IOobject
-                (
-                    regionName_,
-                    time_.timeName(),
-                    time_,
-                    IOobject::MUST_READ
-                )
-            )
-        );
-    }
-}
-
-
 void Foam::regionModels::regionModel::initialise()
 {
     if (debug)
@@ -484,7 +459,7 @@ Foam::regionModels::regionModel::regionModel
 {
     if (active_)
     {
-        constructMeshObjects(dict);
+        constructMeshObjects();
         initialise();
 
         if (readFields)

src/regionModels/regionModel/regionModel/regionModel.H

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   =========                 |
   \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
    \\    /   O peration     |
-    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011-2016 OpenFOAM Foundation
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011-2017 OpenFOAM Foundation
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
@@ -73,9 +73,6 @@ private:
         //- Construct region mesh and fields
         void constructMeshObjects();
 
-        //- Construct region mesh and dictionary
-        void constructMeshObjects(const dictionary& dict);
-
         //- Initialise the region
         void initialise();
 

src/regionModels/surfaceFilmModels/Make/files

@@ -13,7 +13,9 @@ KINEMATICMODELS=submodels/kinematic
 $(KINEMATICMODELS)/force/force/force.C
 $(KINEMATICMODELS)/force/force/forceNew.C
 $(KINEMATICMODELS)/force/forceList/forceList.C
-$(KINEMATICMODELS)/force/contactAngleForce/contactAngleForce.C
+$(KINEMATICMODELS)/force/contactAngleForces/contactAngleForce/contactAngleForce.C
+$(KINEMATICMODELS)/force/contactAngleForces/distribution/distributionContactAngleForce.C
+$(KINEMATICMODELS)/force/contactAngleForces/temperatureDependent/temperatureDependentContactAngleForce.C
 $(KINEMATICMODELS)/force/thermocapillaryForce/thermocapillaryForce.C
 
 $(KINEMATICMODELS)/injectionModel/injectionModel/injectionModel.C

src/regionModels/surfaceFilmModels/submodels/kinematic/force/contactAngleForces/contactAngleForce/contactAngleForce.C

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   =========                 |
   \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
    \\    /   O peration     |
-    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011-2016 OpenFOAM Foundation
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011-2017 OpenFOAM Foundation
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
@@ -42,7 +42,6 @@ namespace surfaceFilmModels
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Static Data Members * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
 defineTypeNameAndDebug(contactAngleForce, 0);
-addToRunTimeSelectionTable(force, contactAngleForce, dictionary);
 
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * Private Member Functions  * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
@@ -93,21 +92,13 @@ void contactAngleForce::initialise()
 
 contactAngleForce::contactAngleForce
 (
+    const word& typeName,
     surfaceFilmModel& owner,
     const dictionary& dict
 )
 :
     force(typeName, owner, dict),
     Ccf_(readScalar(coeffDict_.lookup("Ccf"))),
-    rndGen_(label(0), -1),
-    distribution_
-    (
-        distributionModels::distributionModel::New
-        (
-            coeffDict_.subDict("contactAngleDistribution"),
-            rndGen_
-        )
-    ),
     mask_
     (
         IOobject
@@ -163,7 +154,10 @@ tmp<fvVectorMatrix> contactAngleForce::correct(volVectorField& U)
     const volScalarField& alpha = owner_.alpha();
     const volScalarField& sigma = owner_.sigma();
 
-    volVectorField gradAlpha(fvc::grad(alpha));
+    const tmp<volScalarField> ttheta = theta();
+    const volScalarField& theta = ttheta();
+
+    const volVectorField gradAlpha(fvc::grad(alpha));
 
     forAll(nbr, facei)
     {
@@ -185,14 +179,14 @@ tmp<fvVectorMatrix> contactAngleForce::correct(volVectorField& U)
             const scalar invDx = owner_.regionMesh().deltaCoeffs()[facei];
             const vector n =
                 gradAlpha[celli]/(mag(gradAlpha[celli]) + ROOTVSMALL);
-            scalar theta = cos(degToRad(distribution_->sample()));
-            force[celli] += Ccf_*n*sigma[celli]*(1.0 - theta)/invDx;
+            const scalar cosTheta = cos(degToRad(theta[celli]));
+            force[celli] += Ccf_*n*sigma[celli]*(1 - cosTheta)/invDx;
         }
     }
 
     forAll(alpha.boundaryField(), patchi)
     {
-        if (!owner().isCoupledPatch(patchi))
+        if (!owner_.isCoupledPatch(patchi))
         {
             const fvPatchField<scalar>& alphaf = alpha.boundaryField()[patchi];
             const fvPatchField<scalar>& maskf = mask_.boundaryField()[patchi];
@@ -210,9 +204,9 @@ tmp<fvVectorMatrix> contactAngleForce::correct(volVectorField& U)
                         const vector n =
                             gradAlpha[cellO]
                            /(mag(gradAlpha[cellO]) + ROOTVSMALL);
-                        scalar theta = cos(degToRad(distribution_->sample()));
+                        const scalar cosTheta = cos(degToRad(theta[cellO]));
                         force[cellO] +=
-                            Ccf_*n*sigma[cellO]*(1.0 - theta)/invDx[facei];
+                            Ccf_*n*sigma[cellO]*(1 - cosTheta)/invDx[facei];
                     }
                 }
             }

src/regionModels/surfaceFilmModels/submodels/kinematic/force/contactAngleForces/contactAngleForce/contactAngleForce.H

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   =========                 |
   \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
    \\    /   O peration     |
-    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011-2013 OpenFOAM Foundation
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011-2017 OpenFOAM Foundation
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
@@ -22,10 +22,10 @@ License
     along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
 Class
-    Foam::contactAngleForce
+    Foam::regionModels::surfaceFilmModels::contactAngleForce
 
 Description
-    Film contact angle force
+    Base-class for film contact angle force models.
 
     The effect of the contact angle force can be ignored over a specified
     distance from patches.
@@ -39,8 +39,6 @@ SourceFiles
 #define contactAngleForce_H
 
 #include "force.H"
-#include "distributionModel.H"
-#include "cachedRandom.H"
 
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
@@ -59,19 +57,11 @@ class contactAngleForce
 :
     public force
 {
-private:
-
     // Private Data
 
         //- Coefficient applied to the contact angle force
         scalar Ccf_;
 
-        //- Random number generator
-        cachedRandom rndGen_;
-
-        //- Parcel size PDF model
-        const autoPtr<distributionModels::distributionModel> distribution_;
-
         //- Mask over which force is applied
         volScalarField mask_;
 
@@ -88,6 +78,12 @@ private:
         void operator=(const contactAngleForce&);
 
 
+protected:
+
+        //- Return the contact angle field
+        virtual tmp<volScalarField> theta() const = 0;
+
+
 public:
 
     //- Runtime type information
@@ -99,6 +95,7 @@ public:
         //- Construct from surface film model
         contactAngleForce
         (
+            const word& typeName,
             surfaceFilmModel& owner,
             const dictionary& dict
         );
@@ -110,8 +107,6 @@ public:
 
     // Member Functions
 
-        // Evolution
-
         //- Correct
         virtual tmp<fvVectorMatrix> correct(volVectorField& U);
 };

src/regionModels/surfaceFilmModels/submodels/kinematic/force/contactAngleForces/distribution/distributionContactAngleForce.C

@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     |
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2017 OpenFOAM Foundation
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "distributionContactAngleForce.H"
+#include "addToRunTimeSelectionTable.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+namespace regionModels
+{
+namespace surfaceFilmModels
+{
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Static Data Members * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+defineTypeNameAndDebug(distributionContactAngleForce, 0);
+addToRunTimeSelectionTable(force, distributionContactAngleForce, dictionary);
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Constructors  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+distributionContactAngleForce::distributionContactAngleForce
+(
+    surfaceFilmModel& owner,
+    const dictionary& dict
+)
+:
+    contactAngleForce(typeName, owner, dict),
+    rndGen_(label(0), -1),
+    distribution_
+    (
+        distributionModels::distributionModel::New
+        (
+            coeffDict_.subDict("distribution"),
+            rndGen_
+        )
+    )
+{}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Destructor  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+distributionContactAngleForce::~distributionContactAngleForce()
+{}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Member Functions  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+tmp<volScalarField> distributionContactAngleForce::theta() const
+{
+    tmp<volScalarField> ttheta
+    (
+        new volScalarField
+        (
+            IOobject
+            (
+                typeName + ":theta",
+                owner_.time().timeName(),
+                owner_.regionMesh()
+            ),
+            owner_.regionMesh(),
+            dimensionedScalar("0", dimless, 0)
+        )
+    );
+
+    volScalarField& theta = ttheta.ref();
+    volScalarField::Internal& thetai = theta.ref();
+
+    forAll(thetai, celli)
+    {
+        thetai[celli] = distribution_->sample();
+    }
+
+    forAll(theta.boundaryField(), patchi)
+    {
+        if (!owner_.isCoupledPatch(patchi))
+        {
+            fvPatchField<scalar>& thetaf = theta.boundaryFieldRef()[patchi];
+
+            forAll(thetaf, facei)
+            {
+                thetaf[facei] = distribution_->sample();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    return ttheta;
+}
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+} // End namespace surfaceFilmModels
+} // End namespace regionModels
+} // End namespace Foam
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

src/regionModels/surfaceFilmModels/submodels/kinematic/force/contactAngleForces/distribution/distributionContactAngleForce.H

@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------* \
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     |
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2017 OpenFOAM Foundation
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+Class
+    Foam::regionModels::surfaceFilmModels::distributionContactAngleForce
+
+Description
+    PDF distribution based film contact angle force
+
+See also
+    Foam::regionModels::surfaceFilmModels::contactAngleForce
+    Foam::distributionModels::distributionModel
+
+SourceFiles
+    distributionContactAngleForce.C
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef distributionContactAngleForce_H
+#define distributionContactAngleForce_H
+
+#include "contactAngleForce.H"
+#include "distributionModel.H"
+#include "cachedRandom.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+namespace regionModels
+{
+namespace surfaceFilmModels
+{
+
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+                      Class distributionContactAngleForce Declaration
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+class distributionContactAngleForce
+:
+    public contactAngleForce
+{
+    // Private Data
+
+        //- Random number generator
+        cachedRandom rndGen_;
+
+        //- Parcel size PDF model
+        const autoPtr<distributionModels::distributionModel> distribution_;
+
+
+    // Private member functions
+
+        //- Disallow default bitwise copy construct
+        distributionContactAngleForce(const distributionContactAngleForce&);
+
+        //- Disallow default bitwise assignment
+        void operator=(const distributionContactAngleForce&);
+
+
+protected:
+
+        //- Return the contact angle field
+        virtual tmp<volScalarField> theta() const;
+
+
+public:
+
+    //- Runtime type information
+    TypeName("distributionContactAngle");
+
+
+    // Constructors
+
+        //- Construct from surface film model
+        distributionContactAngleForce
+        (
+            surfaceFilmModel& owner,
+            const dictionary& dict
+        );
+
+
+    //- Destructor
+    virtual ~distributionContactAngleForce();
+};
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+} // End namespace surfaceFilmModels
+} // End namespace regionModels
+} // End namespace Foam
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+#endif
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

src/regionModels/surfaceFilmModels/submodels/kinematic/force/contactAngleForces/temperatureDependent/temperatureDependentContactAngleForce.C

@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     |
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2017 OpenFOAM Foundation
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "temperatureDependentContactAngleForce.H"
+#include "addToRunTimeSelectionTable.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+namespace regionModels
+{
+namespace surfaceFilmModels
+{
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Static Data Members * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+defineTypeNameAndDebug(temperatureDependentContactAngleForce, 0);
+addToRunTimeSelectionTable
+(
+    force,
+    temperatureDependentContactAngleForce,
+    dictionary
+);
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Constructors  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+temperatureDependentContactAngleForce::temperatureDependentContactAngleForce
+(
+    surfaceFilmModel& owner,
+    const dictionary& dict
+)
+:
+    contactAngleForce(typeName, owner, dict),
+    thetaPtr_(Function1<scalar>::New("theta", coeffDict_))
+{}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Destructor  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+temperatureDependentContactAngleForce::~temperatureDependentContactAngleForce()
+{}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Member Functions  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+tmp<volScalarField> temperatureDependentContactAngleForce::theta() const
+{
+    tmp<volScalarField> ttheta
+    (
+        new volScalarField
+        (
+            IOobject
+            (
+                typeName + ":theta",
+                owner_.time().timeName(),
+                owner_.regionMesh()
+            ),
+            owner_.regionMesh(),
+            dimensionedScalar("0", dimless, 0)
+        )
+    );
+
+    volScalarField& theta = ttheta.ref();
+
+    const volScalarField& T = owner_.T();
+
+    theta.ref().field() = thetaPtr_->value(T());
+
+    forAll(theta.boundaryField(), patchi)
+    {
+        if (!owner_.isCoupledPatch(patchi))
+        {
+            theta.boundaryFieldRef()[patchi] =
+                thetaPtr_->value(T.boundaryField()[patchi]);
+        }
+    }
+
+    return ttheta;
+}
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+} // End namespace surfaceFilmModels
+} // End namespace regionModels
+} // End namespace Foam
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

src/regionModels/surfaceFilmModels/submodels/kinematic/force/contactAngleForces/temperatureDependent/temperatureDependentContactAngleForce.H

@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     |
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2017 OpenFOAM Foundation
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+Class
+    Foam::regionModels::surfaceFilmModels::temperatureDependentContactAngleForce
+
+Description
+    Temperature dependent contact angle force
+
+    The contact angle in degrees is specified as a \c Function1 type, to
+    enable the use of, e.g.  contant, polynomial, table values.
+
+See also
+    Foam::regionModels::surfaceFilmModels::contactAngleForce
+    Foam::Function1Types
+
+SourceFiles
+    temperatureDependentContactAngleForce.C
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef temperatureDependentContactAngleForce_H
+#define temperatureDependentContactAngleForce_H
+
+#include "contactAngleForce.H"
+#include "Function1.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+namespace regionModels
+{
+namespace surfaceFilmModels
+{
+
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+                      Class temperatureDependentContactAngleForce Declaration
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+class temperatureDependentContactAngleForce
+:
+    public contactAngleForce
+{
+    // Private Data
+
+        //- Contact angle function
+        autoPtr<Function1<scalar>> thetaPtr_;
+
+
+    // Private member functions
+
+        //- Disallow default bitwise copy construct
+        temperatureDependentContactAngleForce
+        (
+            const temperatureDependentContactAngleForce&
+        );
+
+        //- Disallow default bitwise assignment
+        void operator=(const temperatureDependentContactAngleForce&);
+
+
+protected:
+
+        //- Return the contact angle field
+        virtual tmp<volScalarField> theta() const;
+
+
+public:
+
+    //- Runtime type information
+    TypeName("temperatureDependentContactAngle");
+
+
+    // Constructors
+
+        //- Construct from surface film model
+        temperatureDependentContactAngleForce
+        (
+            surfaceFilmModel& owner,
+            const dictionary& dict
+        );
+
+
+    //- Destructor
+    virtual ~temperatureDependentContactAngleForce();
+};
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+} // End namespace surfaceFilmModels
+} // End namespace regionModels
+} // End namespace Foam
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+#endif
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

src/rigidBodyMeshMotion/rigidBodyMeshMotion/rigidBodyMeshMotion.C

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   =========                 |
   \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
    \\    /   O peration     |
-    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2016 OpenFOAM Foundation
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2016-2017 OpenFOAM Foundation
      \\/     M anipulation  | Copyright (C) 2016 OpenCFD Ltd.
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ License
 #include "pointConstraints.H"
 #include "uniformDimensionedFields.H"
 #include "forces.H"
+#include "OneConstant.H"
 #include "mathematicalConstants.H"
 
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Static Data Members * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
@@ -115,6 +116,7 @@ Foam::rigidBodyMeshMotion::rigidBodyMeshMotion
     test_(coeffDict().lookupOrDefault<Switch>("test", false)),
     rhoInf_(1.0),
     rhoName_(coeffDict().lookupOrDefault<word>("rho", "rho")),
+    ramp_(nullptr),
     curTimeIndex_(-1)
 {
     if (rhoName_ == "rhoInf")
@@ -122,6 +124,15 @@ Foam::rigidBodyMeshMotion::rigidBodyMeshMotion
         rhoInf_ = readScalar(coeffDict().lookup("rhoInf"));
     }
 
+    if (coeffDict().found("ramp"))
+    {
+        ramp_ = Function1<scalar>::New("ramp", coeffDict());
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        ramp_ = new Function1Types::OneConstant<scalar>("ramp");
+    }
+
     const dictionary& bodiesDict = coeffDict().subDict("bodies");
 
     forAllConstIter(IDLList<entry>, bodiesDict, iter)
@@ -232,10 +243,12 @@ void Foam::rigidBodyMeshMotion::solve()
         curTimeIndex_ = this->db().time().timeIndex();
     }
 
+    const scalar ramp = ramp_->value(t.value());
+
     if (db().foundObject<uniformDimensionedVectorField>("g"))
     {
         model_.g() =
-            db().lookupObject<uniformDimensionedVectorField>("g").value();
+            ramp*db().lookupObject<uniformDimensionedVectorField>("g").value();
     }
 
     if (test_)
@@ -270,7 +283,7 @@ void Foam::rigidBodyMeshMotion::solve()
             functionObjects::forces f("forces", db(), forcesDict);
             f.calcForcesMoment();
 
-            fx[bodyID] = spatialVector(f.momentEff(), f.forceEff());
+            fx[bodyID] = ramp*spatialVector(f.momentEff(), f.forceEff());
         }
 
         model_.solve

src/rigidBodyMeshMotion/rigidBodyMeshMotion/rigidBodyMeshMotion.H

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   =========                 |
   \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
    \\    /   O peration     |
-    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2016 OpenFOAM Foundation
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2016-2017 OpenFOAM Foundation
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@ SourceFiles
 
 #include "displacementMotionSolver.H"
 #include "rigidBodyMotion.H"
+#include "ramp.H"
 
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
@@ -119,6 +120,9 @@ class rigidBodyMeshMotion
         //  as rhoInf
         word rhoName_;
 
+        //- Ramp the forces according to the specified function and period
+        autoPtr<Function1<scalar>> ramp_;
+
         //- Current time index (used for updating)
         label curTimeIndex_;
 

src/thermophysicalModels/chemistryModel/chemistryModel/TDACChemistryModel/TDACChemistryModel.C

@@ -616,6 +616,8 @@ Foam::scalar Foam::TDACChemistryModel<CompType, ThermoType>::solve
     scalar solveChemistryCpuTime_ = 0;
     scalar searchISATCpuTime_ = 0;
 
+    this->resetTabulationResults();
+
     // Average number of active species
     scalar nActiveSpecies = 0;
     scalar nAvg = 0;

src/thermophysicalModels/chemistryModel/chemistryModel/TDACChemistryModel/TDACChemistryModel.H

@@ -283,6 +283,8 @@ public:
             void setTabulationResultsGrow(const label celli);
 
             void setTabulationResultsRetrieve(const label celli);
+
+            inline void resetTabulationResults();
 };
 
 

src/thermophysicalModels/chemistryModel/chemistryModel/TDACChemistryModel/TDACChemistryModelI.H

@@ -165,4 +165,14 @@ Foam::TDACChemistryModel<CompType, ThermoType>::specieComp()
 }
 
 
+template<class CompType, class ThermoType>
+void Foam::TDACChemistryModel<CompType, ThermoType>::resetTabulationResults()
+{
+    forAll(tabulationResults_, tabi)
+    {
+        tabulationResults_[tabi] = 2;
+    }
+}
+
+
 // ************************************************************************* //

src/transportModels/interfaceProperties/interfaceProperties.C

@@ -222,6 +222,12 @@ Foam::interfaceProperties::nearInterface() const
 }
 
 
+void Foam::interfaceProperties::correct()
+{
+    calculateK();
+}
+
+
 bool Foam::interfaceProperties::read()
 {
     alpha1_.mesh().solverDict(alpha1_.name()).lookup("cAlpha") >> cAlpha_;

src/transportModels/interfaceProperties/interfaceProperties.H

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   =========                 |
   \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
    \\    /   O peration     |
-    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011-2016 OpenFOAM Foundation
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011-2017 OpenFOAM Foundation
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
@@ -127,16 +127,6 @@ public:
             return nHatf_;
         }
 
-        const volScalarField& K() const
-        {
-            return K_;
-        }
-
-        const dimensionedScalar& sigma() const
-        {
-            return sigma_;
-        }
-
         tmp<volScalarField> sigmaK() const
         {
             return sigma_*K_;
@@ -148,10 +138,7 @@ public:
         //  Field values are 1 near and 0 away for the interface.
         tmp<volScalarField> nearInterface() const;
 
-        void correct()
-        {
-            calculateK();
-        }
+        void correct();
 
         //- Read transportProperties dictionary
         bool read();

src/transportModels/twoPhaseProperties/alphaContactAngle/temperatureDependentAlphaContactAngle/temperatureDependentAlphaContactAngleFvPatchScalarField.H

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   =========                 |
   \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
    \\    /   O peration     |
-    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2015-2016 OpenFOAM Foundation
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2015-2017 OpenFOAM Foundation
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ class temperatureDependentAlphaContactAngleFvPatchScalarField
         //- Name of temperature field, default = "T"
         word TName_;
 
-        //- Equilibrium contact angle table
+        //- Equilibrium contact angle function
         autoPtr<Function1<scalar>> theta0_;
 
 

tutorials/basic/potentialFoam/pitzDaily/system/blockMeshDict

@@ -19,66 +19,71 @@ convertToMeters 0.001;
 vertices
 (
     (-20.6 0 -0.5)
-    (-20.6 3 -0.5)
-    (-20.6 12.7 -0.5)
     (-20.6 25.4 -0.5)
     (0 -25.4 -0.5)
-    (0 -5 -0.5)
     (0 0 -0.5)
-    (0 3 -0.5)
-    (0 12.7 -0.5)
     (0 25.4 -0.5)
     (206 -25.4 -0.5)
-    (206 -8.5 -0.5)
     (206 0 -0.5)
-    (206 6.5 -0.5)
-    (206 17 -0.5)
     (206 25.4 -0.5)
     (290 -16.6 -0.5)
-    (290 -6.3 -0.5)
     (290 0 -0.5)
-    (290 4.5 -0.5)
-    (290 11 -0.5)
     (290 16.6 -0.5)
+
     (-20.6 0 0.5)
-    (-20.6 3 0.5)
-    (-20.6 12.7 0.5)
     (-20.6 25.4 0.5)
     (0 -25.4 0.5)
-    (0 -5 0.5)
     (0 0 0.5)
-    (0 3 0.5)
-    (0 12.7 0.5)
     (0 25.4 0.5)
     (206 -25.4 0.5)
-    (206 -8.5 0.5)
     (206 0 0.5)
-    (206 6.5 0.5)
-    (206 17 0.5)
     (206 25.4 0.5)
     (290 -16.6 0.5)
-    (290 -6.3 0.5)
     (290 0 0.5)
-    (290 4.5 0.5)
-    (290 11 0.5)
     (290 16.6 0.5)
 );
 
+negY
+(
+    (2 4 1)
+    (1 3 0.3)
+);
+
+posY
+(
+    (1 4 2)
+    (2 3 4)
+    (2 4 0.25)
+);
+
+posYR
+(
+    (2 1 1)
+    (1 1 0.25)
+);
+
+
 blocks
 (
-    hex (0 6 7 1 22 28 29 23) (18 7 1) simpleGrading (0.5 1.8 1)
-    hex (1 7 8 2 23 29 30 24) (18 10 1) simpleGrading (0.5 4 1)
-    hex (2 8 9 3 24 30 31 25) (18 13 1) simpleGrading (0.5 0.25 1)
-    hex (4 10 11 5 26 32 33 27) (180 18 1) simpleGrading (4 1 1)
-    hex (5 11 12 6 27 33 34 28) (180 9 1) edgeGrading (4 4 4 4 0.5 1 1 0.5 1 1 1 1)
-    hex (6 12 13 7 28 34 35 29) (180 7 1) edgeGrading (4 4 4 4 1.8 1 1 1.8 1 1 1 1)
-    hex (7 13 14 8 29 35 36 30) (180 10 1) edgeGrading (4 4 4 4 4 1 1 4 1 1 1 1)
-    hex (8 14 15 9 30 36 37 31) (180 13 1) simpleGrading (4 0.25 1)
-    hex (10 16 17 11 32 38 39 33) (25 18 1) simpleGrading (2.5 1 1)
-    hex (11 17 18 12 33 39 40 34) (25 9 1) simpleGrading (2.5 1 1)
-    hex (12 18 19 13 34 40 41 35) (25 7 1) simpleGrading (2.5 1 1)
-    hex (13 19 20 14 35 41 42 36) (25 10 1) simpleGrading (2.5 1 1)
-    hex (14 20 21 15 36 42 43 37) (25 13 1) simpleGrading (2.5 0.25 1)
+    hex (0 3 4 1 11 14 15 12)
+    (18 30 1)
+    simpleGrading (0.5 $posY 1)
+
+    hex (2 5 6 3 13 16 17 14)
+    (180 27 1)
+    edgeGrading (4 4 4 4 $negY 1 1 $negY 1 1 1 1)
+
+    hex (3 6 7 4 14 17 18 15)
+    (180 30 1)
+    edgeGrading (4 4 4 4 $posY $posYR $posYR $posY 1 1 1 1)
+
+    hex (5 8 9 6 16 19 20 17)
+    (25 27 1)
+    simpleGrading (2.5 1 1)
+
+    hex (6 9 10 7 17 20 21 18)
+    (25 30 1)
+    simpleGrading (2.5 $posYR 1)
 );
 
 edges
@@ -92,9 +97,7 @@ boundary
         type patch;
         faces
         (
-            (0 22 23 1)
-            (1 23 24 2)
-            (2 24 25 3)
+            (0 1 12 11)
         );
     }
     outlet
@@ -102,11 +105,8 @@ boundary
         type patch;
         faces
         (
-            (16 17 39 38)
-            (17 18 40 39)
-            (18 19 41 40)
-            (19 20 42 41)
-            (20 21 43 42)
+            (8 9 20 19)
+            (9 10 21 20)
         );
     }
     upperWall
@@ -114,9 +114,9 @@ boundary
         type wall;
         faces
         (
-            (3 25 31 9)
-            (9 31 37 15)
-            (15 37 43 21)
+            (1 4 15 12)
+            (4 7 18 15)
+            (7 10 21 18)
         );
     }
     lowerWall
@@ -124,11 +124,10 @@ boundary
         type wall;
         faces
         (
-            (0 6 28 22)
-            (6 5 27 28)
-            (5 4 26 27)
-            (4 10 32 26)
-            (10 16 38 32)
+            (0 3 14 11)
+            (3 2 13 14)
+            (2 5 16 13)
+            (5 8 19 16)
         );
     }
     frontAndBack
@@ -136,38 +135,18 @@ boundary
         type empty;
         faces
         (
-            (22 28 29 23)
-            (23 29 30 24)
-            (24 30 31 25)
-            (26 32 33 27)
-            (27 33 34 28)
-            (28 34 35 29)
-            (29 35 36 30)
-            (30 36 37 31)
-            (32 38 39 33)
-            (33 39 40 34)
-            (34 40 41 35)
-            (35 41 42 36)
-            (36 42 43 37)
-            (0 1 7 6)
-            (1 2 8 7)
-            (2 3 9 8)
-            (4 5 11 10)
-            (5 6 12 11)
-            (6 7 13 12)
-            (7 8 14 13)
-            (8 9 15 14)
-            (10 11 17 16)
-            (11 12 18 17)
-            (12 13 19 18)
-            (13 14 20 19)
-            (14 15 21 20)
+            (0 3 4 1)
+            (2 5 6 3)
+            (3 6 7 4)
+            (5 8 9 6)
+            (6 9 10 7)
+            (11 14 15 12)
+            (13 16 17 14)
+            (14 17 18 15)
+            (16 19 20 17)
+            (17 20 21 18)
         );
     }
 );
 
-mergePatchPairs
-(
-);
-
 // ************************************************************************* //

tutorials/basic/scalarTransportFoam/pitzDaily/system/blockMeshDict

@@ -19,66 +19,71 @@ convertToMeters 0.001;
 vertices
 (
     (-20.6 0 -0.5)
-    (-20.6 3 -0.5)
-    (-20.6 12.7 -0.5)
     (-20.6 25.4 -0.5)
     (0 -25.4 -0.5)
-    (0 -5 -0.5)
     (0 0 -0.5)
-    (0 3 -0.5)
-    (0 12.7 -0.5)
     (0 25.4 -0.5)
     (206 -25.4 -0.5)
-    (206 -8.5 -0.5)
     (206 0 -0.5)
-    (206 6.5 -0.5)
-    (206 17 -0.5)
     (206 25.4 -0.5)
     (290 -16.6 -0.5)
-    (290 -6.3 -0.5)
     (290 0 -0.5)
-    (290 4.5 -0.5)
-    (290 11 -0.5)
     (290 16.6 -0.5)
+
     (-20.6 0 0.5)
-    (-20.6 3 0.5)
-    (-20.6 12.7 0.5)
     (-20.6 25.4 0.5)
     (0 -25.4 0.5)
-    (0 -5 0.5)
     (0 0 0.5)
-    (0 3 0.5)
-    (0 12.7 0.5)
     (0 25.4 0.5)
     (206 -25.4 0.5)
-    (206 -8.5 0.5)
     (206 0 0.5)
-    (206 6.5 0.5)
-    (206 17 0.5)
     (206 25.4 0.5)
     (290 -16.6 0.5)
-    (290 -6.3 0.5)
     (290 0 0.5)
-    (290 4.5 0.5)
-    (290 11 0.5)
     (290 16.6 0.5)
 );
 
+negY
+(
+    (2 4 1)
+    (1 3 0.3)
+);
+
+posY
+(
+    (1 4 2)
+    (2 3 4)
+    (2 4 0.25)
+);
+
+posYR
+(
+    (2 1 1)
+    (1 1 0.25)
+);
+
+
 blocks
 (
-    hex (0 6 7 1 22 28 29 23) (18 7 1) simpleGrading (0.5 1.8 1)
-    hex (1 7 8 2 23 29 30 24) (18 10 1) simpleGrading (0.5 4 1)
-    hex (2 8 9 3 24 30 31 25) (18 13 1) simpleGrading (0.5 0.25 1)
-    hex (4 10 11 5 26 32 33 27) (180 18 1) simpleGrading (4 1 1)
-    hex (5 11 12 6 27 33 34 28) (180 9 1) edgeGrading (4 4 4 4 0.5 1 1 0.5 1 1 1 1)
-    hex (6 12 13 7 28 34 35 29) (180 7 1) edgeGrading (4 4 4 4 1.8 1 1 1.8 1 1 1 1)
-    hex (7 13 14 8 29 35 36 30) (180 10 1) edgeGrading (4 4 4 4 4 1 1 4 1 1 1 1)
-    hex (8 14 15 9 30 36 37 31) (180 13 1) simpleGrading (4 0.25 1)
-    hex (10 16 17 11 32 38 39 33) (25 18 1) simpleGrading (2.5 1 1)
-    hex (11 17 18 12 33 39 40 34) (25 9 1) simpleGrading (2.5 1 1)
-    hex (12 18 19 13 34 40 41 35) (25 7 1) simpleGrading (2.5 1 1)
-    hex (13 19 20 14 35 41 42 36) (25 10 1) simpleGrading (2.5 1 1)
-    hex (14 20 21 15 36 42 43 37) (25 13 1) simpleGrading (2.5 0.25 1)
+    hex (0 3 4 1 11 14 15 12)
+    (18 30 1)
+    simpleGrading (0.5 $posY 1)
+
+    hex (2 5 6 3 13 16 17 14)
+    (180 27 1)
+    edgeGrading (4 4 4 4 $negY 1 1 $negY 1 1 1 1)
+
+    hex (3 6 7 4 14 17 18 15)
+    (180 30 1)
+    edgeGrading (4 4 4 4 $posY $posYR $posYR $posY 1 1 1 1)
+
+    hex (5 8 9 6 16 19 20 17)
+    (25 27 1)
+    simpleGrading (2.5 1 1)
+
+    hex (6 9 10 7 17 20 21 18)
+    (25 30 1)
+    simpleGrading (2.5 $posYR 1)
 );
 
 edges
@@ -92,9 +97,7 @@ boundary
         type patch;
         faces
         (
-            (0 22 23 1)
-            (1 23 24 2)
-            (2 24 25 3)
+            (0 1 12 11)
         );
     }
     outlet
@@ -102,11 +105,8 @@ boundary
         type patch;
         faces
         (
-            (16 17 39 38)
-            (17 18 40 39)
-            (18 19 41 40)
-            (19 20 42 41)
-            (20 21 43 42)
+            (8 9 20 19)
+            (9 10 21 20)
         );
     }
     upperWall
@@ -114,9 +114,9 @@ boundary
         type wall;
         faces
         (
-            (3 25 31 9)
-            (9 31 37 15)
-            (15 37 43 21)
+            (1 4 15 12)
+            (4 7 18 15)
+            (7 10 21 18)
         );
     }
     lowerWall
@@ -124,11 +124,10 @@ boundary
         type wall;
         faces
         (
-            (0 6 28 22)
-            (6 5 27 28)
-            (5 4 26 27)
-            (4 10 32 26)
-            (10 16 38 32)
+            (0 3 14 11)
+            (3 2 13 14)
+            (2 5 16 13)
+            (5 8 19 16)
         );
     }
     frontAndBack
@@ -136,38 +135,18 @@ boundary
         type empty;
         faces
         (
-            (22 28 29 23)
-            (23 29 30 24)
-            (24 30 31 25)
-            (26 32 33 27)
-            (27 33 34 28)
-            (28 34 35 29)
-            (29 35 36 30)
-            (30 36 37 31)
-            (32 38 39 33)
-            (33 39 40 34)
-            (34 40 41 35)
-            (35 41 42 36)
-            (36 42 43 37)
-            (0 1 7 6)
-            (1 2 8 7)
-            (2 3 9 8)
-            (4 5 11 10)
-            (5 6 12 11)
-            (6 7 13 12)
-            (7 8 14 13)
-            (8 9 15 14)
-            (10 11 17 16)
-            (11 12 18 17)
-            (12 13 19 18)
-            (13 14 20 19)
-            (14 15 21 20)
+            (0 3 4 1)
+            (2 5 6 3)
+            (3 6 7 4)
+            (5 8 9 6)
+            (6 9 10 7)
+            (11 14 15 12)
+            (13 16 17 14)
+            (14 17 18 15)
+            (16 19 20 17)
+            (17 20 21 18)
         );
     }
 );
 
-mergePatchPairs
-(
-);
-
 // ************************************************************************* //

tutorials/combustion/reactingFoam/RAS/DLR_A_LTS/0/CH4

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| =========                 |                                                 |
+| \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox           |
+|  \\    /   O peration     | Version:  dev                                   |
+|   \\  /    A nd           | Web:      www.OpenFOAM.org                      |
+|    \\/     M anipulation  |                                                 |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+    version     2.0;
+    format      ascii;
+    class       volScalarField;
+    location    "0";
+    object      CH4;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+dimensions      [0 0 0 0 0 0 0];
+
+internalField   uniform 0;
+
+boundaryField
+{
+    inletfuel
+    {
+        type            fixedValue;
+        value           uniform 0.245642;
+    }
+    inletair
+    {
+        type            fixedValue;
+        value           uniform 0;
+    }
+    outlet
+    {
+        type            inletOutlet;
+        inletValue      uniform 0;
+        value           uniform 0;
+    }
+    axis
+    {
+        type            empty;
+    }
+    leftside
+    {
+        type            zeroGradient;
+    }
+    burnerwall
+    {
+        type            zeroGradient;
+    }
+    burnertip
+    {
+        type            zeroGradient;
+    }
+    front
+    {
+        type            wedge;
+    }
+    back
+    {
+        type            wedge;
+    }
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

tutorials/combustion/reactingFoam/RAS/DLR_A_LTS/0/G

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------* \
+| =========                 |                                                 |
+| \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox           |
+|  \\    /   O peration     | Version:  dev                                   |
+|   \\  /    A nd           | Web:      www.OpenFOAM.org                      |
+|    \\/     M anipulation  |                                                 |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+    version     2.0;
+    format      ascii;
+    class       volScalarField;
+    object      G;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+dimensions      [1 0 -3 0 0 0 0];
+
+internalField   uniform 0;
+
+boundaryField
+{
+    ".*"
+    {
+        type            MarshakRadiation;
+        T               T;
+        emissivityMode  lookup;
+        emissivity      uniform 1.0;
+        value           uniform 0;
+    }
+
+    front
+    {
+        type            wedge;
+    }
+    back
+    {
+        type            wedge;
+    }
+}
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

tutorials/combustion/reactingFoam/RAS/DLR_A_LTS/0/H2

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| =========                 |                                                 |
+| \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox           |
+|  \\    /   O peration     | Version:  dev                                   |
+|   \\  /    A nd           | Web:      www.OpenFOAM.org                      |
+|    \\/     M anipulation  |                                                 |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+    version     2.0;
+    format      ascii;
+    class       volScalarField;
+    location    "0";
+    object      H2;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+dimensions      [0 0 0 0 0 0 0];
+
+internalField   uniform 0;
+
+boundaryField
+{
+    inletfuel
+    {
+        type            fixedValue;
+        value           uniform 0.046496;
+    }
+    inletair
+    {
+        type            fixedValue;
+        value           uniform 0;
+    }
+    outlet
+    {
+        type            inletOutlet;
+        inletValue      uniform 0;
+        value           uniform 0;
+    }
+    axis
+    {
+        type            empty;
+    }
+    leftside
+    {
+        type            zeroGradient;
+    }
+    burnerwall
+    {
+        type            zeroGradient;
+    }
+    burnertip
+    {
+        type            zeroGradient;
+    }
+    front
+    {
+        type            wedge;
+    }
+    back
+    {
+        type            wedge;
+    }
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

tutorials/combustion/reactingFoam/RAS/DLR_A_LTS/0/H2O

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| =========                 |                                                 |
+| \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox           |
+|  \\    /   O peration     | Version:  dev                                   |
+|   \\  /    A nd           | Web:      www.OpenFOAM.org                      |
+|    \\/     M anipulation  |                                                 |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+    version     2.0;
+    format      ascii;
+    class       volScalarField;
+    location    "0";
+    object      H2;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+dimensions      [0 0 0 0 0 0 0];
+
+internalField   uniform 0.005008;
+
+boundaryField
+{
+    inletfuel
+    {
+        type            fixedValue;
+        value           uniform 0;
+    }
+    inletair
+    {
+        type            fixedValue;
+        value           uniform 0.005008;
+    }
+    outlet
+    {
+        type            inletOutlet;
+        inletValue      uniform 0.005008;
+        value           uniform 0.005008;
+    }
+    axis
+    {
+        type            empty;
+    }
+    leftside
+    {
+        type            zeroGradient;
+    }
+    burnerwall
+    {
+        type            zeroGradient;
+    }
+    burnertip
+    {
+        type            zeroGradient;
+    }
+    front
+    {
+        type            wedge;
+    }
+    back
+    {
+        type            wedge;
+    }
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

tutorials/combustion/reactingFoam/RAS/DLR_A_LTS/0/N2

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| =========                 |                                                 |
+| \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox           |
+|  \\    /   O peration     | Version:  dev                                   |
+|   \\  /    A nd           | Web:      www.OpenFOAM.org                      |
+|    \\/     M anipulation  |                                                 |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+    version     2.0;
+    format      ascii;
+    class       volScalarField;
+    location    "0";
+    object      N2;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+dimensions      [0 0 0 0 0 0 0];
+
+internalField   uniform 0.763149;
+
+boundaryField
+{
+    inletfuel
+    {
+        type            fixedValue;
+        value           uniform 0.707861;
+    }
+    inletair
+    {
+        type            fixedValue;
+        value           uniform 0.763149;
+    }
+    outlet
+    {
+        type            inletOutlet;
+        inletValue      uniform 0.763149;
+        value           uniform 0.763149;
+    }
+    axis
+    {
+        type            empty;
+    }
+    leftside
+    {
+        type            zeroGradient;
+    }
+    burnerwall
+    {
+        type            zeroGradient;
+    }
+    burnertip
+    {
+        type            zeroGradient;
+    }
+    front
+    {
+        type            wedge;
+    }
+    back
+    {
+        type            wedge;
+    }
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //