FIX: incorrect DynamicList resizing logic (memory pool)

- reserve() did not set the addressable size to the current capacity
  before resizing, which meant that the delete[] would not have the true
  allocated size.
  Only affected memory-pool usage, which was not yet integrated
  (#3381)

ENH: remove unused DynamicList '*_unsafe()' methods

- could result in a mismatch between allocated and addressed sizes,
  which becomes important for memory-pool usage.

applications/solvers/basic/potentialFoam/createFields.H

@@ -13,7 +13,14 @@ volVectorField U
 );
 
 // Initialise the velocity internal field to zero
-U = dimensionedVector(U.dimensions(), Zero);
+// Note: explicitly bypass evaluation of contraint patch overrides
+//       (e.g. swirlFanVelocity might lookup phi,rho)
+//U = dimensionedVector(U.dimensions(), Zero);
+{
+    const dimensionedVector dt(U.dimensions(), Zero);
+    U.internalFieldRef() = dt;
+    U.boundaryFieldRef() = dt.value();
+}
 
 surfaceScalarField phi
 (

applications/test/List/Test-List.cxx

@@ -51,6 +51,7 @@ See also
 #include "IndirectList.H"
 #include "SubList.H"
 #include "SliceList.H"
+#include "SubField.H"
 #include "ListPolicy.H"
 
 #include <list>
@@ -203,16 +204,6 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
             Info<<" " << *iter;
         }
         Info<< nl;
-
-        Info<< "data:" << Foam::name(ident.cdata())
-            << " size:" << ident.size() << nl;
-
-
-        Info<< "resize_unsafe(10)" << nl;
-        ident.resize_unsafe(10);
-
-        Info<< "data:" << Foam::name(ident.cdata())
-            << " size:" << ident.size() << nl;
     }
 
     if (false)
@@ -281,6 +272,33 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
     };
     Info<< "list4: " << list4 << endl;
 
+    {
+        List<scalar> list4Mag = ListOps::create<scalar>
+        (
+            list4,
+            [](const auto& a){ return a.mag(); }
+        );
+
+        const auto equalMag = [](const auto& a, const auto& b)
+        {
+            return (Foam::mag(a) == Foam::mag(b));
+        };
+
+        Info<< "list4 (mag): " << list4Mag << endl;
+
+        bool same = ListOps::equal(list4, list4Mag, equalMag);
+        Info<< "mag(list4) == list4(mag): " << same << nl;
+
+        SubField<scalar>(list4Mag) *= -1;
+        same = ListOps::equal(list4, list4Mag, equalMag);
+        Info<< "mag(list4) == list4(mag): " << same << nl;
+
+        SubField<scalar>(list4Mag) *= 1.1;
+        same = ListOps::equal(list4, list4Mag, equalMag);
+        Info<< "mag(list4) == list4(mag): " << same << nl;
+    }
+
+
     List<vector> list5
     {
         {5, 3, 1},

applications/test/parallel-broadcast/Make/files

@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
-Test-parallel-broadcast.C
+Test-parallel-broadcast.cxx
 
 EXE = $(FOAM_USER_APPBIN)/Test-parallel-broadcast

applications/test/parallel-chunks/Make/files

@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
-Test-parallel-chunks.C
+Test-parallel-chunks.cxx
 
 EXE = $(FOAM_USER_APPBIN)/Test-parallel-chunks

applications/test/parallel-comm0/Make/files

@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
-Test-parallel-comm0.C
+Test-parallel-comm0.cxx
 
 EXE = $(FOAM_USER_APPBIN)/Test-parallel-comm0

applications/test/parallel-comm1/Make/files

@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
-Test-parallel-comm1.C
+Test-parallel-comm1.cxx
 
 EXE = $(FOAM_USER_APPBIN)/Test-parallel-comm1

applications/test/parallel-comm3a/Make/files

@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
-Test-parallel-comm3a.C
+Test-parallel-comm3a.cxx
 
 EXE = $(FOAM_USER_APPBIN)/Test-parallel-comm3a

applications/test/parallel-comm3b/Make/files

@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
-Test-parallel-comm3b.C
+Test-parallel-comm3b.cxx
 
 EXE = $(FOAM_USER_APPBIN)/Test-parallel-comm3b

applications/test/parallel-external-init/Make/files

@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
-Test-parallel-external-init.C
+Test-parallel-external-init.cxx
 
 EXE = $(FOAM_USER_APPBIN)/Test-parallel-external-init

applications/test/parallel-nbx2/Make/files

@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
-Test-parallel-nbx2.C
+Test-parallel-nbx2.cxx
 
 EXE = $(FOAM_USER_APPBIN)/Test-parallel-nbx2

applications/test/parallel-nbx2/Test-parallel-nbx2.cxx

@@ -131,7 +131,6 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
         if (probed.second > 0)
         {
             // Message found and had size: receive it
-
             const label proci(probed.first);
             const label count(probed.second);
 
@@ -164,8 +163,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 
                 scalarField fld(is);
 
-                Info<< "from [" << probed.first
+                Info<< "from [" << proci << "] : " << flatOutput(fld) << endl;
-                    << "] : " << flatOutput(fld) << endl;
             }
         }
 

applications/test/parallel-nonBlocking/Make/files

@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
-Test-parallel-nonBlocking.C
+Test-parallel-nonBlocking.cxx
 
 EXE = $(FOAM_USER_APPBIN)/Test-parallel-nonBlocking

applications/test/parallel-waitSome/Make/files

@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
-Test-parallel-waitSome.C
+Test-parallel-waitSome.cxx
 
 EXE = $(FOAM_USER_APPBIN)/Test-parallel-waitSome

applications/test/reconstructedDistanceFunction/case1/system/controlDict

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
 | =========                 |                                                 |
 | \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox           |
-|  \\    /   O peration     | Version:  v2412                                 |
+|  \\    /   O peration     | Version:  v2506                                 |
 |   \\  /    A nd           | Website:  www.openfoam.com                      |
 |    \\/     M anipulation  |                                                 |
 \*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ stopAt          writeNow;
 
 endTime         4;
 
-writeControl    adjustableRunTime;
+writeControl    adjustable;
 
 writeInterval   0.1;
 

applications/test/setAlphaField/case1/system/controlDict

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
 | =========                 |                                                 |
 | \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox           |
-|  \\    /   O peration     | Version:  v2412                                 |
+|  \\    /   O peration     | Version:  v2506                                 |
 |   \\  /    A nd           | Website:  www.openfoam.com                      |
 |    \\/     M anipulation  |                                                 |
 \*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ endTime         0.1;
 
 deltaT          0.0001;
 
-writeControl    adjustableRunTime;
+writeControl    adjustable;
 
 writeInterval   0.01;
 

applications/test/syncTools/Test-syncTools.cxx

@@ -525,6 +525,7 @@ public:
         }
     }
 };
+
 class edgePointTransformOp
 {
 public:
@@ -543,25 +544,24 @@ public:
             points1[i] = fld[i].second();
         }
 
-        pointField points0New;
-        pointField points1New;
         if (forward)
         {
-            points0New = vt.transformPosition(points0);
+            vt.transformPositionList(points0);
-            points1New = vt.transformPosition(points1);
+            vt.transformPositionList(points1);
         }
         else
         {
-            points0New = vt.invTransformPosition(points0);
+            vt.invTransformPositionList(points0);
-            points1New = vt.invTransformPosition(points1);
+            vt.invTransformPositionList(points1);
         }
 
         forAll(fld, i)
         {
-            fld[i] = PointPair(points0New[i], points1New[i]);
+            fld[i] = PointPair(points0[i], points1[i]);
         }
     }
 };
+
 class edgePointFlipOp
 {
 public:
@@ -572,6 +572,7 @@ public:
         return newVal;
     }
 };
+
 void testEdgeFlip2(const polyMesh& mesh, Random& rndGen)
 {
     Info<< nl << "Testing edge-wise (oriented) data synchronisation." << endl;
@@ -759,13 +760,11 @@ class pointListOps
 {
 public:
 
-    void operator()(pointList& lhs, const pointList& rhs) const
+    void operator()(UList<point>& lhs, const UList<point>& rhs) const
     {
         forAll(lhs, i)
         {
-            point& l = lhs[i];
+            maxMagSqrEqOp<vector>()(lhs[i], rhs[i]);
-            const point& r = rhs[i];
-            maxMagSqrEqOp<vector>()(l, r);
         }
     }
 
@@ -773,38 +772,31 @@ public:
     (
         const vectorTensorTransform& vt,
         const bool forward,
-        List<pointList>& fld
+        UList<pointList>& fld
     ) const
     {
         if (forward)
         {
-            for (auto& elems : fld)
+            for (auto& pts : fld)
             {
-                for (auto& elem : elems)
+                vt.transformPositionList(pts);
-                {
-                    elem = vt.transformPosition(elem);
-                }
             }
         }
         else
         {
-            for (auto& elems : fld)
+            for (auto& pts : fld)
             {
-                for (auto& elem : elems)
+                vt.invTransformPositionList(pts);
-                {
-                    elem = vt.invTransformPosition(elem);
-                }
             }
         }
     }
 
     //- Transform patch-based field
-    void operator()(const coupledPolyPatch& cpp, List<pointList>& fld) const
+    void operator()(const coupledPolyPatch& cpp, UList<pointList>& fld) const
     {
         forAll(fld, facei)
         {
-            pointList& pts = fld[facei];
+            for (auto& pt : fld[facei])
-            for (auto& pt : pts)
             {
                 cpp.transformPosition(pt, facei);
             }

applications/utilities/mesh/manipulation/checkMesh/checkGeometry.C

@@ -39,8 +39,7 @@ Foam::label Foam::findOppositeWedge
          && isA<wedgePolyPatch>(patches[patchi])
         )
         {
-            const wedgePolyPatch& pp =
+            const auto& pp = refCast<const wedgePolyPatch>(patches[patchi]);
-                refCast<const wedgePolyPatch>(patches[patchi]);
 
             // Calculate (cos of) angle to wpp (not pp!) centre normal
             scalar ppCosAngle = wpp.centreNormal() & pp.n();
@@ -80,8 +79,7 @@ bool Foam::checkWedges
     {
         if (patches[patchi].size() && isA<wedgePolyPatch>(patches[patchi]))
         {
-            const wedgePolyPatch& pp =
+            const auto& pp = refCast<const wedgePolyPatch>(patches[patchi]);
-                refCast<const wedgePolyPatch>(patches[patchi]);
 
             scalar wedgeAngle = acos(pp.cosAngle());
 
@@ -105,7 +103,7 @@ bool Foam::checkWedges
                 return true;
             }
 
-            const wedgePolyPatch& opp =
+            const auto& opp =
                 refCast<const wedgePolyPatch>(patches[oppositePatchi]);
 
 
@@ -275,25 +273,27 @@ namespace Foam
         void operator()
         (
             const coupledPolyPatch& cpp,
-            List<pointField>& pts
+            UList<pointField>& pts
         ) const
         {
-            // Each element of pts is all the points in the face. Convert into
+            // Each element of pts is all the points in the face.
-            // lists of size cpp to transform.
+            // Convert into lists of size cpp to transform.
 
             List<pointField> newPts(pts.size());
             forAll(pts, facei)
             {
-                newPts[facei].setSize(pts[facei].size());
+                newPts[facei].resize(pts[facei].size());
             }
 
+            pointField ptsAtIndex(pts.size());
+
             label index = 0;
             while (true)
             {
                 label n = 0;
 
                 // Extract for every face the i'th position
-                pointField ptsAtIndex(pts.size(), Zero);
+                ptsAtIndex = Zero;
                 forAll(cpp, facei)
                 {
                     const pointField& facePts = pts[facei];
@@ -326,7 +326,8 @@ namespace Foam
                 index++;
             }
 
-            pts.transfer(newPts);
+            // Transfer newPts -> pts
+            std::move(newPts.begin(), newPts.end(), pts.begin());
         }
     };
 }
@@ -352,10 +353,7 @@ bool Foam::checkCoupledPoints
     {
         if (patches[patchi].coupled())
         {
-            const coupledPolyPatch& cpp = refCast<const coupledPolyPatch>
+            const auto& cpp = refCast<const coupledPolyPatch>(patches[patchi]);
-            (
-                patches[patchi]
-            );
 
             forAll(cpp, i)
             {
@@ -387,8 +385,7 @@ bool Foam::checkCoupledPoints
     {
         if (patches[patchi].coupled())
         {
-            const coupledPolyPatch& cpp =
+            const auto& cpp = refCast<const coupledPolyPatch>(patches[patchi]);
-                refCast<const coupledPolyPatch>(patches[patchi]);
 
             if (cpp.owner())
             {
@@ -1023,7 +1020,7 @@ Foam::label Foam::checkGeometry
         {
             if (isA<cyclicAMIPolyPatch>(pbm[patchi]))
             {
-                const cyclicAMIPolyPatch& cpp =
+                const auto& cpp =
                     refCast<const cyclicAMIPolyPatch>(pbm[patchi]);
 
                 if (cpp.owner())
@@ -1058,7 +1055,7 @@ Foam::label Foam::checkGeometry
 
                         if (isA<cyclicACMIPolyPatch>(pbm[patchi]))
                         {
-                            const cyclicACMIPolyPatch& pp =
+                            const auto& pp =
                                 refCast<const cyclicACMIPolyPatch>(pbm[patchi]);
 
                             scalarField mergedMask;
@@ -1108,8 +1105,9 @@ Foam::label Foam::checkGeometry
 
                         if (isA<cyclicACMIPolyPatch>(pbm[patchi]))
                         {
-                            const cyclicACMIPolyPatch& pp =
+                            const auto& pp =
                                 refCast<const cyclicACMIPolyPatch>(pbm[patchi]);
+
                             scalarField mergedMask;
                             globalFaces().gather
                             (

applications/utilities/postProcessing/dataConversion/foamToEnsight/checkFieldAvailability.H

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
     \\  /    A nd           | www.openfoam.com
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-    Copyright (C) 2021-2023 OpenCFD Ltd.
+    Copyright (C) 2021-2025 OpenCFD Ltd.
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
     This file is part of OpenFOAM, distributed under GPL-3.0-or-later.
@@ -44,10 +44,10 @@ forAll(meshes, regioni)
             IOobjectOption::NO_REGISTER
         );
 
-        if (fieldSelector && !fieldSelector().empty())
+        if (fieldSelector)
         {
-            objects.filterObjects(fieldSelector());
+            objects.filterObjects(fieldSelector);
-            faObjects.filterObjects(fieldSelector());
+            faObjects.filterObjects(fieldSelector);
         }
 
         // Remove "*_0" restart fields

applications/utilities/postProcessing/dataConversion/foamToEnsight/foamToEnsight.C

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     Copyright (C) 2011-2016 OpenFOAM Foundation
-    Copyright (C) 2016-2022 OpenCFD Ltd.
+    Copyright (C) 2016-2025 OpenCFD Ltd.
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
     This file is part of OpenFOAM.
@@ -406,34 +406,27 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 
     // Field selection/deselection
     wordRes includedFields, excludedFields;
-    autoPtr<wordRes::filter> fieldSelector(nullptr);
     const bool doConvertFields = !args.found("no-fields");
     if (doConvertFields)
     {
-        bool resetFilter = false;
         if (args.readListIfPresent<wordRe>("fields", includedFields))
         {
-            resetFilter = true;
             Info<< "Including fields "
                 << flatOutput(includedFields) << nl << endl;
         }
         if (args.readListIfPresent<wordRe>("exclude-fields", excludedFields))
         {
-            resetFilter = true;
             Info<< "Excluding fields "
                 << flatOutput(excludedFields) << nl << endl;
         }
-        if (resetFilter)
-        {
-            fieldSelector =
-                autoPtr<wordRes::filter>::New(includedFields, excludedFields);
-        }
     }
-    else if (doConvertFields)
+    else
     {
         Info<< "Field conversion disabled with the '-no-fields' option" << nl;
     }
 
+    const wordRes::filter fieldSelector(includedFields, excludedFields);
+
     // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
     #include "createTime.H"

applications/utilities/postProcessing/dataConversion/foamToVTK/convertVolumeFields.H

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
     \\  /    A nd           | www.openfoam.com
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-    Copyright (C) 2018-2023 OpenCFD Ltd.
+    Copyright (C) 2018-2025 OpenCFD Ltd.
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
     This file is part of OpenFOAM, distributed under GPL-3.0-or-later.
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ Description
     labelList patchIds;
     if (doBoundary)
     {
-        patchIds = getSelectedPatches(patches, patchSelector);
+        patchIds = patchSelector.indices(patches);
     }
 
     if (oneBoundary && patchIds.size())

applications/utilities/postProcessing/dataConversion/foamToVTK/foamToVTK.C

@@ -166,56 +166,54 @@ Note
 
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
-labelList getSelectedPatches
+namespace Foam
-(
-    const polyBoundaryMesh& patches,
-    const autoPtr<wordRes::filter>& patchSelector
-)
 {
-    labelList indices;
 
-    if (patchSelector && !patchSelector().empty())
+// Simple wrapper for polyBoundaryMesh::indices() with some additional logic
+struct polyBoundaryPatchSelector
+{
+    wordRes allow_;
+    wordRes deny_;
+
+    void clear()
     {
-        // Name-based selection
+        allow_.clear();
-        indices =
+        deny_.clear();
-        (
-            stringListOps::findMatching
-            (
-                patches,
-                patchSelector(),
-                nameOp<polyPatch>()
-            )
-        );
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        indices = identity(patches.size());
     }
 
-    // Remove undesirable patches
+    //- Forward to polyBoundaryMesh::indices() with additional handling.
-
+    //  Prune emptyPolyPatch (always) and processorPolyPatch (in parallel)
-    label count = 0;
+    labelList indices(const polyBoundaryMesh& pbm) const
-    for (const label patchi : indices)
     {
-        const polyPatch& pp = patches[patchi];
+        labelList ids = pbm.indices(allow_, deny_);
 
-        if (isType<emptyPolyPatch>(pp))
+        const bool excludeProcPatches = UPstream::parRun();
+
+        // Prune undesirable patches
+        label count = 0;
+        for (const label patchi : ids)
         {
-            continue;
+            const auto& pp = pbm[patchi];
-        }
+
-        else if (UPstream::parRun() && bool(isA<processorPolyPatch>(pp)))
+            if (isType<emptyPolyPatch>(pp))
-        {
+            {
-            break; // No processor patches for parallel output
+                continue;
+            }
+            else if (excludeProcPatches && bool(isA<processorPolyPatch>(pp)))
+            {
+                break;  // No processor patches for parallel output
+            }
+
+            ids[count] = patchi;
+            ++count;
         }
 
-        indices[count] = patchi;
+        ids.resize(count);
-        ++count;
+        return ids;
     }
+};
 
-    indices.resize(count);
+} // End namespace Foam
-
-    return indices;
-}
 
 
 //
@@ -552,45 +550,38 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
     }
 
     // Patch selection/deselection
-    wordRes includedPatches, excludedPatches;
+    polyBoundaryPatchSelector patchSelector;
-    autoPtr<wordRes::filter> patchSelector(nullptr);
+
     if (doBoundary)
     {
-        bool resetFilter = false;
+        if
-        if (args.readListIfPresent<wordRe>("patches", includedPatches))
+        (
+            auto& slot = patchSelector.allow_;
+            args.readListIfPresent<wordRe>("patches", slot)
+        )
         {
-            resetFilter = true;
+            Info<< "Including patches " << flatOutput(slot) << nl << endl;
-            Info<< "Including patches "
-                << flatOutput(includedPatches) << nl << endl;
         }
-        if (args.readListIfPresent<wordRe>("exclude-patches", excludedPatches))
+        if
+        (
+            auto& slot = patchSelector.deny_;
+            args.readListIfPresent<wordRe>("exclude-patches", slot)
+        )
         {
-            resetFilter = true;
+            Info<< "Excluding patches " << flatOutput(slot) << nl << endl;
-            Info<< "Excluding patches "
-                << flatOutput(excludedPatches) << nl << endl;
-        }
-
-        if (resetFilter)
-        {
-            patchSelector =
-                autoPtr<wordRes::filter>::New(includedPatches, excludedPatches);
         }
     }
 
     // Field selection/deselection
     wordRes includedFields, excludedFields;
-    autoPtr<wordRes::filter> fieldSelector(nullptr);
     bool doConvertFields = !args.found("no-fields");
     if (doConvertFields)
     {
-        bool resetFilter = false;
         if (args.readListIfPresent<wordRe>("fields", includedFields))
         {
             Info<< "Including fields "
                 << flatOutput(includedFields) << nl << endl;
 
-            resetFilter = !includedFields.empty();
-
             if (includedFields.empty())
             {
                 // Compat: Can be specified as empty (ie, no fields)
@@ -603,22 +594,22 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
         }
         if (args.readListIfPresent<wordRe>("exclude-fields", excludedFields))
         {
-            resetFilter = true;
             Info<< "Excluding fields "
                 << flatOutput(excludedFields) << nl << endl;
         }
 
-        if (resetFilter && doConvertFields)
+        if (!doConvertFields)
         {
-            fieldSelector =
+            includedFields.clear();
-                autoPtr<wordRes::filter>::New(includedFields, excludedFields);
+            excludedFields.clear();
         }
     }
-    else if (doConvertFields)
+    else
     {
         Info<< "Field conversion disabled with the '-no-fields' option" << nl;
     }
 
+    const wordRes::filter fieldSelector(includedFields, excludedFields);
 
     // Non-mandatory
     const wordRes selectedFaceZones(args.getList<wordRe>("faceZones", false));
@@ -799,10 +790,10 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
                         IOobjectOption::NO_REGISTER
                     );
 
-                if (fieldSelector && !fieldSelector().empty())
+                if (fieldSelector)
                 {
-                    objects.filterObjects(fieldSelector());
+                    objects.filterObjects(fieldSelector);
-                    faObjects.filterObjects(fieldSelector());
+                    faObjects.filterObjects(fieldSelector);
                 }
 
                 // Remove "*_0" restart fields

applications/utilities/surface/surfaceMeshExtract/surfaceMeshExtract.C

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     Copyright (C) 2011-2016 OpenFOAM Foundation
-    Copyright (C) 2017-2024 OpenCFD Ltd.
+    Copyright (C) 2017-2025 OpenCFD Ltd.
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
     This file is part of OpenFOAM.
@@ -155,50 +155,39 @@ void writeOBJ
     }
 }
 
-
+// Simple wrapper for polyBoundaryMesh::indices() with some additional logic
+// - prune emptyPolyPatch (always) and (maybe) processorPolyPatch
 labelList getSelectedPatches
 (
-    const polyBoundaryMesh& patches,
+    const polyBoundaryMesh& pbm,
     const wordRes& allow,
-    const wordRes& deny
+    const wordRes& deny,
+    const bool excludeProcPatches
 )
 {
-    // Name-based selection
+    labelList ids = pbm.indices(allow, deny);
-    labelList indices
-    (
-        stringListOps::findMatching
-        (
-            patches,
-            allow,
-            deny,
-            nameOp<polyPatch>()
-        )
-    );
-
 
     // Remove undesirable patches
-
     label count = 0;
-    for (const label patchi : indices)
+    for (const label patchi : ids)
     {
-        const polyPatch& pp = patches[patchi];
+        const polyPatch& pp = pbm[patchi];
 
         if (isType<emptyPolyPatch>(pp))
         {
             continue;
         }
-        else if (Pstream::parRun() && bool(isA<processorPolyPatch>(pp)))
+        else if (excludeProcPatches && bool(isA<processorPolyPatch>(pp)))
         {
-            break; // No processor patches for parallel output
+            break;  // No processor patches for parallel output
         }
 
-        indices[count] = patchi;
+        ids[count] = patchi;
         ++count;
     }
 
-    indices.resize(count);
+    ids.resize(count);
-
+    return ids;
-    return indices;
 }
 
 
@@ -668,11 +657,14 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 
         const labelList patchIds =
         (
-            (includePatches.size() || excludePatches.size())
+            getSelectedPatches
-          ? getSelectedPatches(bMesh, includePatches, excludePatches)
+            (
-          : includeProcPatches
+                bMesh,
-          ? identity(bMesh.size())
+                includePatches,
-          : identity(bMesh.nNonProcessor())
+                excludePatches,
+                // No processor patches? (parallel output or excluded)
+                (UPstream::parRun() || !includeProcPatches)
+            )
         );
 
         labelList faceZoneIds;

etc/bashrc

@@ -132,6 +132,11 @@ projectDir="$HOME/OpenFOAM/OpenFOAM-$WM_PROJECT_VERSION"
 # projectDir="@PROJECT_DIR@"
 : # Safety statement (if the user removed all fallback values)
 
+# [FOAM_MEMORY_POOL] - Optional memory management
+#                    - overrides the 'memory_pool' etc/controlDict entry
+# = "true | false | host [size=nn] [incr=nn]"
+#export FOAM_MEMORY_POOL="host"
+
 # [FOAM_SIGFPE] - Trap floating-point exceptions.
 #               - overrides the 'trapFpe' controlDict entry
 # = true | false

etc/controlDict

@@ -221,6 +221,9 @@ OptimisationSwitches
     // Other
     // =====
 
+    // Optional memory management (sizing in MB)
+    // memory_pool     "host; size=1024; incr=5"
+
     // Trap floating point exception.
     // Can override with FOAM_SIGFPE env variable (true|false)
     trapFpe         1;

etc/cshrc

@@ -134,6 +134,11 @@ set projectDir=`lsof +p $$ |& sed -ne 's#^[^/]*##;\@/'"$projectName"'[^/]*/etc/c
 # Or optionally hard-coded (eg, with autoconfig)
 # set projectDir="@PROJECT_DIR@"
 
+# [FOAM_MEMORY_POOL] - Optional memory management
+#                    - overrides the 'memory_pool' etc/controlDict entry
+# = "true | false | host [size=nn] [incr=nn]"
+#setenv FOAM_MEMORY_POOL "host"
+
 # [FOAM_SIGFPE] - Trap floating-point exceptions.
 #               - overrides the 'trapFpe' controlDict entry
 # = true | false

src/OSspecific/MSwindows/Make/files

@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@ MSwindows.C
 cpuInfo/cpuInfo.C
 memInfo/memInfo.C
 
+memory/MemoryPool.cxx
+
 signals/sigFpe.cxx
 signals/sigInt.cxx
 signals/sigQuit.cxx

src/OSspecific/MSwindows/memory/MemoryPool.cxx

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     |
+    \\  /    A nd           | www.openfoam.com
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    Copyright (C) 2025 OpenCFD Ltd.
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "MemoryPool.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * Static Member Functions * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+// bool Foam::MemoryPool::create(const std::string& ctrl, bool verbose)
+// {
+//     return false;
+// }
+
+
+bool Foam::MemoryPool::create(bool verbose)
+{
+    // No banner information since it is currently never an option
+    return false;
+}
+
+
+void Foam::MemoryPool::destroy(bool verbose)
+{}
+
+
+bool Foam::MemoryPool::active() noexcept
+{
+    return false;
+}
+
+
+bool Foam::MemoryPool::suspend() noexcept
+{
+    return false;
+}
+
+
+void Foam::MemoryPool::resume() noexcept
+{}
+
+
+bool Foam::MemoryPool::is_pool(void* ptr)
+{
+    return false;
+}
+
+
+void* Foam::MemoryPool::try_allocate(std::size_t nbytes)
+{
+    return nullptr;
+}
+
+
+bool Foam::MemoryPool::try_deallocate(void* ptr)
+{
+    return (!ptr);
+}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //

src/OSspecific/POSIX/Allwmake

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 cd "${0%/*}" || exit                                # Run from this directory
 targetType=libo                                     # Preferred library type
 . ${WM_PROJECT_DIR:?}/wmake/scripts/AllwmakeParseArguments $*
+. ${WM_PROJECT_DIR:?}/wmake/scripts/have_umpire
 
 #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Hack for MacOS (with Gcc).
@@ -59,6 +60,47 @@ then
     export COMP_FLAGS="-DFOAM_USE_INOTIFY"
 fi
 
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# Have -lumpire, but also -lcamp etc.
+# Also need to follow the link order
+get_umpire_libs()
+{
+    if [ -d "${UMPIRE_LIB_DIR}" ]
+    then
+        set -- $(
+            # Expected link order
+            for name in umpire fmt camp
+            do
+                [ -f "$UMPIRE_LIB_DIR/lib${name}.a" ] && echo "-l$name"
+            done
+        )
+        echo "$@"
+    else
+        echo
+    fi
+}
+
+
+if have_umpire
+then
+    libNames="$(get_umpire_libs)"
+
+    if [ -n "$libNames" ]
+    then
+        echo "    found umpire -- enabling memory pool interface" 1>&2
+        echo "    umpire libs: $libNames" 1>&2
+
+        COMP_FLAGS="$COMP_FLAGS -DFOAM_USE_UMPIRE -I${UMPIRE_INC_DIR}"
+        LINK_FLAGS="$LINK_FLAGS -L${UMPIRE_LIB_DIR} $libNames"
+        export COMP_FLAGS LINK_FLAGS
+    else
+        echo "    expecting umpire, but did not resolve the libraries" 1>&2
+    fi
+fi
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
 # Make object (non-shared by default)
 # Never want/need openmp, especially for static objects
 wmake -no-openmp $targetType

src/OSspecific/POSIX/Make/files

@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@ cpuInfo/cpuInfo.C
 cpuTime/cpuTimePosix.C
 memInfo/memInfo.C
 
+memory/MemoryPool.cxx
+
 signals/sigFpe.cxx
 signals/sigSegv.cxx
 signals/sigInt.cxx

src/OSspecific/POSIX/Make/options

@@ -1 +1,4 @@
-EXE_INC = $(COMP_FLAGS)
+/* umpire uses old-style cast etc */
+EXE_INC = $(COMP_FLAGS) $(c++LESSWARN)
+
+LIBO_LIBS = $(LINK_FLAGS)

src/OSspecific/POSIX/memory/MemoryPool.cxx

@@ -0,0 +1,510 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     |
+    \\  /    A nd           | www.openfoam.com
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    Copyright (C) 2025 OpenCFD Ltd.
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "MemoryPool.H"
+#include "debug.H"
+#include "dictionary.H"
+#include "sigFpe.H"
+#include "OSspecific.H"  // For getEnv
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Static Data Members * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+#ifdef FOAM_USE_UMPIRE
+
+// #include <cerrno>
+#include <cinttypes>
+#include <tuple>
+
+#include "umpire/Allocator.hpp"
+#include "umpire/ResourceManager.hpp"
+#include "umpire/strategy/AlignedAllocator.hpp"
+#include "umpire/strategy/DynamicPoolList.hpp"
+
+static bool disabled_(false);
+static umpire::Allocator aligned_allocator;
+static umpire::Allocator pooled_allocator;
+static umpire::ResourceManager* manager_(nullptr);
+static umpire::ResourceManager* suspended_(nullptr);
+
+#endif
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Local Functions * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+#ifdef FOAM_USE_UMPIRE
+
+namespace
+{
+
+// Different supported allocation types
+enum class Types { undefined, none, host, device, managed };
+
+typedef std::tuple<Types, std::size_t, std::size_t> ctrlTuple;
+
+// Extract key=INT, the key includes the '='
+int getIntParameter(const std::string& key, const std::string& ctrl)
+{
+    int val(0);
+
+    const auto pos = ctrl.find(key);
+
+    if (pos == std::string::npos)
+    {
+        return val;
+    }
+
+    const char* buf = (ctrl.data() + pos + key.size());
+
+    char *endptr = nullptr;
+    errno = 0;
+    auto parsed = std::strtoimax(buf, &endptr, 10);
+
+    if (errno || endptr == buf)
+    {
+        // Some type of error OR no conversion
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        val = int(parsed);
+    }
+
+    return val;
+}
+
+
+ctrlTuple getControlValues(const std::string& ctrl)
+{
+    ctrlTuple result(Types::undefined, 0, 0);
+
+    bool checkParam = false;
+
+    // Also find things that look like Switch constants.
+    // Unfortunately need to do this manually since Switch::find()
+    // itself would not manage to parse something like "true; size=10"
+
+    if (ctrl.empty())
+    {
+        // Nothing => undefined
+    }
+    else if
+    (
+        std::string::npos != ctrl.find("false")     // ctrl.contains("false")
+     || std::string::npos != ctrl.find("off")       // ctrl.contains("off")
+     || std::string::npos != ctrl.find("no")        // ctrl.contains("no")
+     || std::string::npos != ctrl.find("none")      // ctrl.contains("none")
+    )
+    {
+        std::get<0>(result) = Types::none;
+    }
+    else if
+    (
+        std::string::npos != ctrl.find("true")      // ctrl.contains("true")
+     || std::string::npos != ctrl.find("on")        // ctrl.contains("on")
+     || std::string::npos != ctrl.find("yes")       // ctrl.contains("yes")
+
+     || std::string::npos != ctrl.find("host")      // ctrl.contains("host")
+     || std::string::npos != ctrl.find("system")    // ctrl.contains("system")
+    )
+    {
+        std::get<0>(result) = Types::host;
+        checkParam = true;
+    }
+
+    // These need more testing
+    else if
+    (
+        std::string::npos != ctrl.find("device")    // ctrl.contains("device")
+    )
+    {
+        std::get<0>(result) = Types::device;
+        checkParam = true;
+    }
+    else if
+    (
+        std::string::npos != ctrl.find("managed")   // ctrl.contains("managed")
+    )
+    {
+        std::get<0>(result) = Types::managed;
+        checkParam = true;
+    }
+
+    if (checkParam)
+    {
+        std::get<1>(result) = getIntParameter("size=", ctrl);
+        std::get<2>(result) = getIntParameter("incr=", ctrl);
+    }
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+
+bool create_from(const ctrlTuple& controls, bool verbose)
+{
+    using namespace Foam;
+
+    if (manager_ || suspended_)
+    {
+        // Already created
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    // Type, initial size, increment
+    auto [which, size, incr] = controls;
+
+    // std::cerr
+    //     << "which=" << int(which)
+    //     << ", size=" << int(size)
+    //     << ", incr=" << int(incr) << '\n';
+
+
+    constexpr size_t MegaByte(1024*1024);
+
+    switch (which)
+    {
+        case Types::undefined :
+        {
+            if (verbose)
+            {
+                Info<< "memory pool : unused" << nl;
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+
+        case Types::none :
+        {
+            if (verbose)
+            {
+                Info<< "memory pool : disabled" << nl;
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+
+        case Types::host :
+        {
+            // Default sizing parameters
+            if (!size) size = 1024;
+            if (!incr) incr = 5;
+
+            auto& rm = umpire::ResourceManager::getInstance();
+            manager_ = &rm;
+
+            aligned_allocator =
+                rm.makeAllocator<umpire::strategy::AlignedAllocator>
+                (
+                    "aligned_allocator",
+                    rm.getAllocator("HOST"),
+
+                    // alignment
+                    256
+                );
+
+            pooled_allocator =
+                rm.makeAllocator<umpire::strategy::DynamicPoolList>
+                (
+                    "openfoam_HOST_pool",
+                    aligned_allocator,
+
+                    // initial block allocation size
+                    (size*MegaByte),
+
+                    // incremental block allocation size
+                    (incr*MegaByte)
+                );
+
+            if (verbose)
+            {
+                Info<< "memory pool : host (size="
+                    << int(size) << "MB, incr="
+                    << int(incr) << "MB)\n";
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+
+        case Types::device :
+        {
+            auto& rm = umpire::ResourceManager::getInstance();
+            manager_ = &rm;
+
+            aligned_allocator = rm.getAllocator("DEVICE");
+
+            pooled_allocator =
+                rm.makeAllocator<umpire::strategy::DynamicPoolList>
+                (
+                    "openfoam_DEVICE_pool",
+                    aligned_allocator
+                );
+
+            if (verbose)
+            {
+                Info<< "memory pool : device" << nl;
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+
+        case Types::managed :
+        {
+            // Default sizing parameters
+            if (!size) size = 10*1024;
+            if (!incr) incr = 10;
+
+            auto& rm = umpire::ResourceManager::getInstance();
+            manager_ = &rm;
+
+            aligned_allocator = rm.getAllocator("UM");
+
+            pooled_allocator =
+                rm.makeAllocator<umpire::strategy::DynamicPoolList>
+                (
+                    "openfoam_UM_pool",
+                    aligned_allocator,
+
+                    // initial block allocation size
+                    (size*MegaByte),
+
+                    // incremental block allocation size
+                    (incr*MegaByte)
+                );
+
+            if (verbose)
+            {
+                Info<< "memory pool : managed (size="
+                    << int(size) << "MB, incr="
+                    << int(incr) << "MB)\n";
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return (which != Types::undefined && which != Types::none);
+}
+
+
+} // End anonymous namespace
+
+#endif  // FOAM_USE_UMPIRE
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * Static Member Functions * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+// bool Foam::MemoryPool::create(const std::string& ctrl, bool verbose)
+// {
+//     #ifdef FOAM_USE_UMPIRE
+//     if (manager_ || suspended_)
+//     {
+//         // Already created
+//         return true;
+//     }
+//
+//     auto controls = getControlValues(ctrl);
+//
+//     return create_from(controls, verbose);
+//     #else
+//     return false;
+//     #endif
+// }
+
+
+bool Foam::MemoryPool::create(bool verbose)
+{
+    #ifdef FOAM_USE_UMPIRE
+    if (disabled_)
+    {
+        // Disallowed
+        return false;
+    }
+    else if (manager_ || suspended_)
+    {
+        // Already created
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    // First check environment
+    auto controls = getControlValues(Foam::getEnv("FOAM_MEMORY_POOL"));
+
+    if (std::get<0>(controls) == Types::none)
+    {
+        // Disabled from environment - has highest priority
+        disabled_ = true;
+    }
+
+    // Currently no easy way to handle <system>/controlDict...
+
+    // Fallback from etc/controlDict
+    if (std::get<0>(controls) == Types::undefined)
+    {
+        // From central etc/controlDict
+        const auto& dict = Foam::debug::optimisationSwitches();
+
+        if (auto* eptr = dict.findStream("memory_pool", keyType::LITERAL))
+        {
+            const token& firstToken = eptr->front();
+
+            if (firstToken.isStringType())
+            {
+                controls = getControlValues(firstToken.stringToken());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    return create_from(controls, verbose);
+    #else
+    if (verbose)
+    {
+        Info<< "memory pool : not available" << nl;
+    }
+    return false;
+    #endif
+}
+
+
+void Foam::MemoryPool::destroy(bool verbose)
+{
+    // Nothing currently needed but could add in something like this:
+
+    // if (manager_ || suspended_)
+    // {
+    //     pooled_allocator.release();
+    // }
+
+    // However, need to find the proper sequence within
+    // Foam::exit() or UPstream::exit() ...
+}
+
+
+bool Foam::MemoryPool::active() noexcept
+{
+    #ifdef FOAM_USE_UMPIRE
+    return bool(manager_);
+    #else
+    return false;
+    #endif
+}
+
+
+bool Foam::MemoryPool::suspend() noexcept
+{
+    #ifdef FOAM_USE_UMPIRE
+    bool status(suspended_);
+    if (manager_)  // <- and (!suspended_)
+    {
+        std::swap(manager_, suspended_);
+    }
+    return status;
+    #else
+    return false;
+    #endif
+}
+
+
+void Foam::MemoryPool::resume() noexcept
+{
+    #ifdef FOAM_USE_UMPIRE
+    if (suspended_)  // <- and (!manager_)
+    {
+        std::swap(manager_, suspended_);
+    }
+    #endif
+}
+
+
+bool Foam::MemoryPool::is_pool(void* ptr)
+{
+    #ifdef FOAM_USE_UMPIRE
+    if (ptr)
+    {
+        if (manager_)
+        {
+            return manager_->hasAllocator(ptr);
+        }
+        else if (suspended_)
+        {
+            return suspended_->hasAllocator(ptr);
+        }
+    }
+    #endif
+
+    return false;
+}
+
+
+void* Foam::MemoryPool::try_allocate(std::size_t nbytes)
+{
+    void* ptr = nullptr;
+
+    #ifdef FOAM_USE_UMPIRE
+    if (manager_)
+    {
+        ptr = pooled_allocator.allocate(nbytes);
+
+        // std::cerr<< "allocate(" << int(nbytes) << ")\n";
+
+        // Optionally fill with NaN (depends on current flags)
+        Foam::sigFpe::fillNan_if(ptr, nbytes);
+
+        if (!ptr)
+        {
+            // Pout<< "umpire failed to allocate memory\n";
+        }
+    }
+    #endif
+
+    return ptr;
+}
+
+
+bool Foam::MemoryPool::try_deallocate(void* ptr)
+{
+    #ifdef FOAM_USE_UMPIRE
+    if (ptr)
+    {
+        if (manager_)
+        {
+            if (manager_->hasAllocator(ptr))  // <- ie, is_pool()
+            {
+                // std::cerr<< "deallocate()\n";
+                manager_->deallocate(ptr);
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+        else if (suspended_)
+        {
+            // Deallocate even if nominally suspended
+
+            if (suspended_->hasAllocator(ptr))  // <- ie, is_pool()
+            {
+                // std::cerr<< "deallocate()\n";
+                suspended_->deallocate(ptr);
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    #endif
+
+    return (!ptr);
+}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //

src/OpenFOAM/containers/Lists/DynamicList/DynamicList.H

@@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ public:
 
         //- Change the value for the list capacity directly (ADVANCED, UNSAFE)
         //- Does not perform any memory management or resizing.
-        void setCapacity_unsafe(const label len) noexcept { capacity_ = len; }
+        void setCapacity_unsafe(label len) noexcept { capacity_ = len; }
 
         //- Reserve allocation space for at least this size, allocating new
         //- space if required and \em retaining old content.
@@ -251,11 +251,6 @@ public:
         //- Shrink the allocated space to the number of elements used.
         inline void shrink_to_fit();
 
-        //- Shrink the internal bookkeeping of the allocated space to the
-        //- number of addressed elements without affecting allocation.
-        //  \note when empty() it will delete any allocated memory.
-        inline void shrink_unsafe();
-
 
     // Edit
 

src/OpenFOAM/containers/Lists/DynamicList/DynamicListI.H

@@ -68,7 +68,9 @@ inline void Foam::DynamicList<T, SizeMin>::doCapacity
     // Addressable length, possibly truncated by new capacity
     const label currLen = Foam::min(List<T>::size(), newCapacity);
 
+    // Consistent allocated sizing
     List<T>::setAddressableSize(capacity_);
+
     if (nocopy)
     {
         List<T>::resize_nocopy(newCapacity);
@@ -95,6 +97,9 @@ inline void Foam::DynamicList<T, SizeMin>::doReserve
         // Preserve addressed size
         const label currLen = List<T>::size();
 
+        // Consistent allocated sizing
+        List<T>::setAddressableSize(capacity_);
+
         // Increase capacity (eg, doubling)
         capacity_ =
             Foam::ListPolicy::reserve_size<SizeMin, 2>(len, capacity_);
@@ -105,8 +110,10 @@ inline void Foam::DynamicList<T, SizeMin>::doReserve
         }
         else
         {
-            List<T>::resize(capacity_);
+            List<T>::resize_copy(currLen, capacity_);
         }
+
+        capacity_ = List<T>::size();
         List<T>::setAddressableSize(currLen);
     }
 }
@@ -271,7 +278,7 @@ inline Foam::DynamicList<T, SizeMin>::DynamicList
     List<T>(std::move(static_cast<List<T>&>(list))),
     capacity_(list.capacity())
 {
-    list.setCapacity_unsafe(0);  // Same as shrink_unsafe() but noexcept
+    list.setCapacity_unsafe(0);  // All contents moved
 }
 
 
@@ -285,7 +292,7 @@ inline Foam::DynamicList<T, SizeMin>::DynamicList
     List<T>(std::move(static_cast<List<T>&>(list))),
     capacity_(list.capacity())
 {
-    list.setCapacity_unsafe(0);  // Same as shrink_unsafe() but noexcept
+    list.setCapacity_unsafe(0);  // All contents moved
 }
 
 
@@ -361,8 +368,15 @@ inline void Foam::DynamicList<T, SizeMin>::reserve_exact
         // Preserve addressed size
         const label currLen = List<T>::size();
 
-        capacity_ = len;
+        // Consistent allocated sizing
-        List<T>::resize(capacity_);
+        List<T>::setAddressableSize(capacity_);
+
+        // if (!nocopy)
+        {
+            List<T>::resize_copy(currLen, len);
+        }
+
+        capacity_ = List<T>::size();
         List<T>::setAddressableSize(currLen);
     }
 }
@@ -449,18 +463,6 @@ inline void Foam::DynamicList<T, SizeMin>::shrink_to_fit()
 }
 
 
-template<class T, int SizeMin>
-inline void Foam::DynamicList<T, SizeMin>::shrink_unsafe()
-{
-    if (List<T>::empty())
-    {
-        // Delete storage if empty
-        List<T>::clear();
-    }
-    capacity_ = List<T>::size();
-}
-
-
 template<class T, int SizeMin>
 inline void
 Foam::DynamicList<T, SizeMin>::swap(List<T>& list)

src/OpenFOAM/containers/Lists/List/List.H

@@ -236,13 +236,6 @@ public:
         //  Otherwise the contents will be uninitialized.
         inline void resize_nocopy(const label len);
 
-        //- Change the addressed list size directly without affecting
-        //- any memory management (advanced usage).
-        //
-        //  It is left to the caller to avoid \em unsafe lengthening beyond
-        //  the allocated memory region.
-        inline void resize_unsafe(const label len) noexcept;
-
         //- Alias for resize()
         void setSize(const label n) { this->resize(n); }
 

src/OpenFOAM/containers/Lists/List/ListI.H

@@ -178,13 +178,6 @@ inline void Foam::List<T>::resize_nocopy(const label len)
 }
 
 
-template<class T>
-inline void Foam::List<T>::resize_unsafe(const label len) noexcept
-{
-    UList<T>::setAddressableSize(len);
-}
-
-
 template<class T>
 inline T& Foam::List<T>::newElmt(const label i)
 {

src/OpenFOAM/containers/Lists/ListOps/ListOps.C

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     Copyright (C) 2011-2015 OpenFOAM Foundation
-    Copyright (C) 2018-2024 OpenCFD Ltd.
+    Copyright (C) 2018-2025 OpenCFD Ltd.
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
     This file is part of OpenFOAM.
@@ -28,8 +28,6 @@ License
 
 #include "ListOps.H"
 #include "CompactListList.H"
-#include "HashSet.H"
-#include <numeric>
 
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Global Functions  * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
@@ -115,7 +113,8 @@ Foam::Map<Foam::label> Foam::invertToMap(const labelUList& values)
 {
     const label len = values.size();
 
-    Map<label> inverse(2*len);
+    Map<label> inverse;
+    inverse.reserve(len);
 
     for (label i = 0 ; i < len; ++i)
     {
@@ -280,13 +279,14 @@ void Foam::inplaceReorder
 void Foam::ListOps::unionEqOp::operator()
 (
     labelList& x,
-    const labelList& y
+    const labelUList& y
 ) const
 {
     if (y.size())
     {
         if (x.size())
         {
+            // Using HashSet will likely change the order of list
             labelHashSet set(x);
             set.insert(y);
             x = set.toc();

src/OpenFOAM/containers/Lists/ListOps/ListOps.H

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     Copyright (C) 2011-2017 OpenFOAM Foundation
-    Copyright (C) 2017-2024 OpenCFD Ltd.
+    Copyright (C) 2017-2025 OpenCFD Ltd.
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
     This file is part of OpenFOAM.
@@ -485,7 +485,6 @@ labelPair findMinMax(const ListType& input, label start=0);
 //  <code> (list[i] < val) </code> for the test.
 //
 //  \tparam ListType  The input list type
-//  \tparam T  The value type (should normally be ListType::value_type)
 //
 //  \param input The sorted list to search
 //  \param val   The value for searching/comparing
@@ -508,7 +507,7 @@ label findSortedIndex
 //  <code> lessOp<T>(list[i], val) </code> for the test.
 //
 //  \tparam ListType  The input list type
-//  \tparam T  The value type (is often the same as ListType::value_type)
+//  \tparam T  The value type (usually the same as ListType::value_type)
 //  \tparam ComparePredicate  The type of the comparison functor that
 //      returns true for sorting below.
 //
@@ -585,23 +584,33 @@ namespace ListOps
 template<class T>
 struct appendEqOp
 {
-    void operator()(List<T>& x, const List<T>& y) const;
+    void operator()(List<T>& x, const UList<T>& y) const;
 };
 
 //- List helper to append y unique elements onto the end of x
 template<class T>
 struct uniqueEqOp
 {
-    void operator()(List<T>& x, const List<T>& y) const;
+    void operator()(List<T>& x, const UList<T>& y) const;
 };
 
 //- List helper to add y unique elements to x
 struct unionEqOp
 {
-    void operator()(labelList& x, const labelList& y) const;
+    void operator()(labelList& x, const labelUList& y) const;
 };
 
 
+//- Test for list equality with different but compatible data types.
+//- Eg, int32 and int64
+template<class Type1, class Type2>
+bool equal(const UList<Type1>& a, const UList<Type2>& b);
+
+//- Test for list equality with different but compatible data types.
+template<class Type1, class Type2, class BinaryPredicate>
+bool equal(const UList<Type1>& a, const UList<Type2>& b, BinaryPredicate pred);
+
+
 // Public classes
 
 //- A list compare binary predicate for normal sort

src/OpenFOAM/containers/Lists/ListOps/ListOpsTemplates.C

@@ -1081,7 +1081,7 @@ template<class T>
 void Foam::ListOps::appendEqOp<T>::operator()
 (
     List<T>& x,
-    const List<T>& y
+    const UList<T>& y
 ) const
 {
     if (y.size())
@@ -1102,7 +1102,7 @@ template<class T>
 void Foam::ListOps::uniqueEqOp<T>::operator()
 (
     List<T>& x,
-    const List<T>& y
+    const UList<T>& y
 ) const
 {
     if (y.size())
@@ -1111,6 +1111,7 @@ void Foam::ListOps::uniqueEqOp<T>::operator()
         {
             for (const T& val : y)
             {
+                // Not very efficient
                 x.push_uniq(val);
             }
         }
@@ -1122,6 +1123,37 @@ void Foam::ListOps::uniqueEqOp<T>::operator()
 }
 
 
+template<class Type1, class Type2>
+bool Foam::ListOps::equal
+(
+    const UList<Type1>& a,
+    const UList<Type2>& b
+)
+{
+    return
+    (
+        (a.size() == b.size())
+     && std::equal(a.cbegin(), a.cend(), b.cbegin())
+    );
+}
+
+
+template<class Type1, class Type2, class BinaryPredicate>
+bool Foam::ListOps::equal
+(
+    const UList<Type1>& a,
+    const UList<Type2>& b,
+    BinaryPredicate pred
+)
+{
+    return
+    (
+        (a.size() == b.size())
+     && std::equal(a.cbegin(), a.cend(), b.cbegin(), pred)
+    );
+}
+
+
 template<class ListType, class UnaryPredicate>
 Foam::label Foam::ListOps::count_if
 (

src/OpenFOAM/containers/Lists/policy/ListPolicy.H

@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ Description
 #ifndef Foam_ListPolicy_H
 #define Foam_ListPolicy_H
 
+#include "MemoryPool.H"  // Also includes <cstdint>
 #include "contiguous.H"  // Also includes <type_traits>
 
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
@@ -103,6 +104,18 @@ template<> struct no_linebreak<wordRe> : std::true_type {};
 // - use_offload(n) :
 //   Lower threshold for switching to device offloading
 //
+//
+// Use of the memory-pool is controlled by the 'is_aligned_type()' test
+// and the minimum field size, controlled by the 'use_memory_pool()' test.
+//
+// If the memory-pool is not enabled or not required according to the two
+// above tests, the allocation falls back to either an aligned or unaligned
+// allocation.
+//
+// The decision about when to choose aligned vs unaligned allocation
+// is still a compile-time option. Made by direct edit of the
+// appropriate functions.
+//
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
 //- Consider aligned allocation for the given type?
@@ -146,27 +159,104 @@ inline constexpr bool use_offload(IntType n) noexcept
 }
 
 
+//- Default alignment for larger fields
+inline constexpr std::align_val_t default_alignment() noexcept
+{
+    return std::align_val_t(256);
+}
+
+
+//- Allocate from memory pool (if active), or aligned, or normal
 template<class T, class IntType>
 inline T* allocate(IntType n)
 {
-    // Plain new
+    if constexpr (ListPolicy::is_aligned_type<T>())
-    return new T[n];
+    {
+        // Note: threshold for use_memory_pool() >= use_alignment()
+
+        if (ListPolicy::use_alignment(n))
+        {
+            if
+            (
+                void *pool_ptr
+                (
+                    // Consider memory pool for large amounts of data
+                    ListPolicy::use_memory_pool(n)
+                  ? Foam::MemoryPool::try_allocate(sizeof(T)*n)
+                  : nullptr
+                );
+                pool_ptr
+            )
+            {
+                // Placement new
+                return new (pool_ptr) T[n];
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                return new (ListPolicy::default_alignment()) T[n];
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            // Plain new
+            return new T[n];
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        // Plain new
+        return new T[n];
+    }
 }
 
 
+//- Deallocate from memory pool, or normal
 template<class T, class IntType>
 inline void deallocate(T* ptr)
 {
-    // Plain new
+    if constexpr (ListPolicy::is_aligned_type<T>())
-    delete[] ptr;
+    {
+        if (ptr && !Foam::MemoryPool::try_deallocate(ptr))
+        {
+            // Plain new
+            delete[] ptr;
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        // Plain new
+        delete[] ptr;
+    }
 }
 
 
+//- Deallocate from memory pool, or aligned, or normal
 template<class T, class IntType>
 inline void deallocate(T* ptr, [[maybe_unused]] IntType n)
 {
-    // Plain new
+    if constexpr (ListPolicy::is_aligned_type<T>())
-    delete[] ptr;
+    {
+        // Note: threshold for use_memory_pool() >= use_alignment()
+
+        if (ListPolicy::use_alignment(n))
+        {
+            if (ptr && !Foam::MemoryPool::try_deallocate(ptr))
+            {
+                // Alignment depends on the number of elements
+                ::operator delete[](ptr, ListPolicy::default_alignment());
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            // Plain new
+            delete[] ptr;
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        // Plain new
+        delete[] ptr;
+    }
 }
 
 

src/OpenFOAM/containers/PtrLists/PtrDynList/PtrDynList.H

@@ -112,23 +112,26 @@ public:
 
         //- Change the value for the list capacity directly (ADVANCED, UNSAFE)
         //- Does not perform any memory management or resizing.
-        void setCapacity_unsafe(const label len) noexcept { capacity_ = len; }
+        void setCapacity_unsafe(label len) noexcept { capacity_ = len; }
 
         //- Reserve allocation space for at least this size.
+        //  New entries are initialized to nullptr.
         inline void reserve(const label len);
 
         //- Reserve allocation space for at least this size.
         //- If allocation is required, uses the specified size
         //- without any other resizing logic.
+        //  New entries are initialized to nullptr.
         inline void reserve_exact(const label len);
 
         //- Alter the addressed list size.
-        inline void resize(const label newLen);
+        //  New entries are initialized to nullptr.
+        inline void resize(const label len);
 
         //- Set the addressed list to the given size,
         //- deleting all existing entries.
         //- Afterwards the list contains all \c nullptr entries.
-        inline void resize_null(const label newLen);
+        inline void resize_null(const label len);
 
         //- Clear the addressed list, i.e. set the size to zero.
         //  Allocated size does not change
@@ -140,11 +143,6 @@ public:
         //- Shrink the allocated space to the number of elements used.
         inline void shrink_to_fit();
 
-        //- Shrink the internal bookkeeping of the allocated space to the
-        //- number of addressed elements without affecting allocation.
-        //  \note when empty() it will delete any allocated memory.
-        inline void shrink_unsafe();
-
         //- Alias for shrink_to_fit()
         void shrink() { this->shrink_to_fit(); }
 

src/OpenFOAM/containers/PtrLists/PtrDynList/PtrDynListI.H

@@ -82,10 +82,7 @@ inline Foam::PtrDynList<T, SizeMin>::PtrDynList
     PtrList<T>(std::move(list)),
     capacity_(list.capacity())
 {
-    // FUTURE:
+    list.setCapacity_unsafe(0);  // All contents moved
-    // list.setCapacity_unsafe(0);  // Same as shrink_unsafe() but noexcept
-
-    list.clearStorage();  // capacity=0 etc.
 }
 
 
@@ -99,10 +96,7 @@ inline Foam::PtrDynList<T, SizeMin>::PtrDynList
     PtrList<T>(std::move(list)),
     capacity_(list.capacity())
 {
-    // FUTURE:
+    list.setCapacity_unsafe(0);  // All contents moved
-    // list.setCapacity_unsafe(0);  // Same as shrink_unsafe() but noexcept
-
-    list.clearStorage();  // capacity=0 etc.
 }
 
 
@@ -135,11 +129,17 @@ inline void Foam::PtrDynList<T, SizeMin>::reserve(const label len)
         // Preserve addressed size
         const label currLen = PtrList<T>::size();
 
+        // Consistent allocated sizing
+        PtrList<T>::setAddressableSize(capacity_);
+
         // Increase capacity (eg, doubling)
         capacity_ =
             Foam::ListPolicy::reserve_size<SizeMin, 2>(len, capacity_);
 
+        // No PtrList<T>::resize_copy(...) -> copying nullptr is cheap
         PtrList<T>::resize(capacity_);
+
+        capacity_ = PtrList<T>::size();
         PtrList<T>::setAddressableSize(currLen);
     }
 }
@@ -153,8 +153,13 @@ inline void Foam::PtrDynList<T, SizeMin>::reserve_exact(const label len)
         // Preserve addressed size
         const label currLen = PtrList<T>::size();
 
-        capacity_ = len;
+        // Consistent allocated sizing
-        PtrList<T>::resize(capacity_);
+        PtrList<T>::setAddressableSize(capacity_);
+
+        // No PtrList<T>::resize_copy(...) -> copying nullptr is cheap
+        PtrList<T>::resize(len);
+
+        capacity_ = PtrList<T>::size();
         PtrList<T>::setAddressableSize(currLen);
     }
 }
@@ -164,16 +169,12 @@ template<class T, int SizeMin>
 inline void Foam::PtrDynList<T, SizeMin>::resize(const label newLen)
 {
     auto& ptrs = this->ptrs_;
-
     const label oldLen = ptrs.size();
 
     if (capacity_ < newLen)
     {
-        // Increase capacity (eg, doubling)
+        // Extend list
-        capacity_ =
+        this->reserve(newLen);
-            Foam::ListPolicy::reserve_size<SizeMin, 2>(newLen, capacity_);
-
-        PtrList<T>::resize(capacity_);
     }
     else if (newLen != oldLen)
     {
@@ -191,13 +192,16 @@ inline void Foam::PtrDynList<T, SizeMin>::resize(const label newLen)
 
 
 template<class T, int SizeMin>
-inline void Foam::PtrDynList<T, SizeMin>::resize_null(const label newLen)
+inline void Foam::PtrDynList<T, SizeMin>::resize_null(const label len)
 {
-    if (capacity_ < newLen)
+    if (capacity_ < len)
     {
+        // Consistent allocated sizing
+        PtrList<T>::setAddressableSize(capacity_);
+
         // Increase capacity (eg, doubling)
         capacity_ =
-            Foam::ListPolicy::reserve_size<SizeMin, 2>(newLen, capacity_);
+            Foam::ListPolicy::reserve_size<SizeMin, 2>(len, capacity_);
 
         PtrList<T>::resize_null(capacity_);
     }
@@ -207,7 +211,7 @@ inline void Foam::PtrDynList<T, SizeMin>::resize_null(const label newLen)
     }
 
     // Adjust addressed size
-    PtrList<T>::setAddressableSize(newLen);
+    PtrList<T>::setAddressableSize(len);
 }
 
 
@@ -240,18 +244,6 @@ inline void Foam::PtrDynList<T, SizeMin>::shrink_to_fit()
 }
 
 
-template<class T, int SizeMin>
-inline void Foam::PtrDynList<T, SizeMin>::shrink_unsafe()
-{
-    if (PtrList<T>::empty())
-    {
-        // Delete empty list
-        PtrList<T>::clear();
-    }
-    capacity_ = PtrList<T>::size();
-}
-
-
 template<class T, int SizeMin>
 inline Foam::label Foam::PtrDynList<T, SizeMin>::squeezeNull()
 {

src/OpenFOAM/db/IOstreams/IOstreams/IOstream.H

@@ -257,13 +257,13 @@ public:
             return ioState_ & std::ios_base::badbit;
         }
 
-        //- Return true if the stream has not failed
+        //- True if the stream has not failed
         explicit operator bool() const noexcept
         {
             return !fail();
         }
 
-        //- Return true if the stream has failed
+        //- True if the stream has failed
         bool operator!() const noexcept
         {
             return fail();
@@ -406,10 +406,10 @@ public:
             return flags((flags() & ~mask) | (f & mask));
         }
 
-        //- Unset flags of stream
+        //- Unset stream flags, return old stream flags
-        void unsetf(std::ios_base::fmtflags f)
+        std::ios_base::fmtflags unsetf(std::ios_base::fmtflags f)
         {
-            flags(flags() & ~f);
+            return flags(flags() & ~f);
         }
 
 

src/OpenFOAM/db/IOstreams/Pstreams/UPstream.H

@@ -179,6 +179,9 @@ public:
 
     // Public Classes
 
+        //- Wrapper for OpenFOAM internal communicator index
+        class communicator;  // Forward Declaration
+
         //- Wrapper for MPI_Comm
         class Communicator;  // Forward Declaration
 
@@ -378,6 +381,25 @@ public:
 
                 //- Print un-directed graph in graphviz dot format
                 void printGraph(Ostream& os, int proci = 0) const;
+
+                //- Write the communication tree
+                Ostream& writeList(Ostream& os) const
+                {
+                    return tree_.writeList(os);
+                }
+
+
+            // Member / Friend Operators
+
+                //- Write the communication tree
+                friend Ostream& operator<<
+                (
+                    Ostream& os,
+                    const commsStructList& rhs
+                )
+                {
+                    return rhs.writeList(os);
+                }
         };
 
 
@@ -850,7 +872,7 @@ public:
             const bool withComponents = true
         );
 
-        //- Creaet new communicator with sub-ranks on the parent communicator
+        //- Create new communicator with sub-ranks on the parent communicator
         static label newCommunicator
         (
             //! The parent communicator
@@ -896,126 +918,6 @@ public:
             const bool withComponents = true
         );
 
-        //- Wrapper class for allocating/freeing communicators. Always invokes
-        //- allocateCommunicatorComponents() and freeCommunicatorComponents()
-        class communicator
-        {
-            label comm_;
-
-        public:
-
-            //- No copy construct
-            communicator(const communicator&) = delete;
-
-            //- No copy assignment
-            void operator=(const communicator&) = delete;
-
-            //- Default construct (a placeholder communicator)
-            communicator() noexcept : comm_(-1) {}
-
-            //- Move construct, takes ownership
-            communicator(communicator&& c) : comm_(c.comm_) { c.comm_ = -1; }
-
-            //- Allocate communicator for contiguous sub-ranks on given parent
-            communicator
-            (
-                //! The parent communicator
-                const label parentComm,
-                //! The contiguous sub-ranks of parent to use
-                const labelRange& subRanks
-            )
-            :
-                comm_(UPstream::newCommunicator(parentComm, subRanks))
-            {}
-
-            //- Allocate communicator for sub-ranks on given parent
-            communicator
-            (
-                //! The parent communicator
-                const label parentComm,
-                //! The sub-ranks of parent to use (negative values ignored)
-                const labelUList& subRanks
-            )
-            :
-                comm_(UPstream::newCommunicator(parentComm, subRanks))
-            {}
-
-            //- Factory Method :
-            //- Duplicate the given communicator
-            static communicator duplicate(const label parentComm)
-            {
-                communicator c;
-                c.comm_ = UPstream::dupCommunicator(parentComm);
-                return c;
-            }
-
-            //- Factory Method :
-            //- Split the communicator on the given \em colour.
-            static communicator split
-            (
-                //! The parent communicator
-                const label parentComm,
-                //! The colouring to select which ranks to include.
-                //! Negative values correspond to 'ignore'
-                const int colour,
-                //! Use MPI_Allgather+MPI_Comm_create_group vs MPI_Comm_split
-                const bool two_step = true
-            )
-            {
-                communicator c;
-                c.comm_ =
-                    UPstream::splitCommunicator(parentComm, colour, two_step);
-                return c;
-            }
-
-            //- Free allocated communicator
-            ~communicator() { UPstream::freeCommunicator(comm_); }
-
-            //- True if communicator is non-negative (ie, was allocated)
-            bool good() const noexcept { return (comm_ >= 0); }
-
-            //- The communicator label
-            label comm() const noexcept { return comm_; }
-
-            //- Release ownership of the communicator, return old value.
-            //  Leave further management to the caller
-            label release() noexcept { label c(comm_); comm_ = -1; return c; }
-
-            //- Free allocated communicator
-            void reset() { UPstream::freeCommunicator(comm_); comm_ = -1; }
-
-            //- Allocate with contiguous sub-ranks of parent communicator
-            void reset(label parent, const labelRange& subRanks)
-            {
-                UPstream::freeCommunicator(comm_);
-                comm_ = UPstream::newCommunicator(parent, subRanks);
-            }
-
-            //- Allocate with sub-ranks of parent communicator
-            void reset(label parent, const labelUList& subRanks)
-            {
-                UPstream::freeCommunicator(comm_);
-                comm_ = UPstream::newCommunicator(parent, subRanks);
-            }
-
-            //- Take ownership, free allocated communicator
-            //  \caution do not call as self-assignment
-            void reset(communicator&& c)
-            {
-                if (comm_ != c.comm_) UPstream::freeCommunicator(comm_);
-                comm_ = c.comm_;
-                c.comm_ = -1;
-            }
-
-            //- Move assignment, takes ownership
-            //  \caution do not call as self-assignment
-            void operator=(communicator&& c) { reset(std::move(c)); }
-
-            //- Cast to label - the same as comm()
-            operator label() const noexcept { return comm_; }
-        };
-
-
         //- Return physical processor number (i.e. processor number in
         //- worldComm) given communicator and processor
         static int baseProcNo(label comm, int procID);
@@ -1839,6 +1741,168 @@ public:
         }
 };
 
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+                   Class UPstream::communicator Declaration
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+//- Wrapper for internally indexed communicator label.
+//- Always invokes UPstream::allocateCommunicatorComponents()
+//- and UPstream::freeCommunicatorComponents()
+class UPstream::communicator
+{
+    // Private Data
+
+        //- The communicator label
+        label comm_;
+
+public:
+
+    // Generated Methods
+
+        //- No copy construct
+        communicator(const communicator&) = delete;
+
+        //- No copy assignment
+        void operator=(const communicator&) = delete;
+
+
+    // Constructors
+
+        //- Default construct (a placeholder communicator)
+        communicator() noexcept : comm_(-1) {}
+
+        //- Move construct, takes ownership
+        communicator(communicator&& c) : comm_(c.comm_) { c.comm_ = -1; }
+
+        //- Allocate communicator for contiguous sub-ranks on given parent
+        communicator
+        (
+            //! The parent communicator
+            const label parentComm,
+            //! The contiguous sub-ranks of parent to use
+            const labelRange& subRanks
+        )
+        :
+            comm_(UPstream::newCommunicator(parentComm, subRanks))
+        {}
+
+        //- Allocate communicator for sub-ranks on given parent
+        communicator
+        (
+            //! The parent communicator
+            const label parentComm,
+            //! The sub-ranks of parent to use (negative values ignored)
+            const labelUList& subRanks
+        )
+        :
+            comm_(UPstream::newCommunicator(parentComm, subRanks))
+        {}
+
+
+    // Destructor
+
+        //- Free allocated communicator
+        ~communicator() { UPstream::freeCommunicator(comm_); }
+
+
+    // Factory Methods
+
+        //- Duplicate the given communicator
+        static communicator duplicate(const label parentComm)
+        {
+            communicator c;
+            c.comm_ = UPstream::dupCommunicator(parentComm);
+            return c;
+        }
+
+        //- Factory Method :
+        //- Split the communicator on the given \em colour.
+        static communicator split
+        (
+            //! The parent communicator
+            const label parentComm,
+            //! The colouring to select which ranks to include.
+            //! Negative values correspond to 'ignore'
+            const int colour,
+            //! Use MPI_Allgather+MPI_Comm_create_group vs MPI_Comm_split
+            const bool two_step = true
+        )
+        {
+            communicator c;
+            c.comm_ = UPstream::splitCommunicator(parentComm, colour, two_step);
+            return c;
+        }
+
+
+    // Member Functions
+
+        //- True if communicator is non-negative (ie, was allocated)
+        bool good() const noexcept { return (comm_ >= 0); }
+
+        //- The communicator label
+        label comm() const noexcept { return comm_; }
+
+        //- Return non-const reference to this
+        communicator& constCast() const noexcept
+        {
+            return const_cast<communicator&>(*this);
+        }
+
+        //- Release ownership of the communicator, return old value.
+        //  Leave further management to the caller
+        label release() noexcept { label c(comm_); comm_ = -1; return c; }
+
+        //- Free allocated communicator
+        void reset() { UPstream::freeCommunicator(comm_); comm_ = -1; }
+
+        //- Allocate with contiguous sub-ranks of parent communicator
+        void reset(label parent, const labelRange& subRanks)
+        {
+            UPstream::freeCommunicator(comm_);
+            comm_ = UPstream::newCommunicator(parent, subRanks);
+        }
+
+        //- Allocate with sub-ranks of parent communicator
+        void reset(label parent, const labelUList& subRanks)
+        {
+            UPstream::freeCommunicator(comm_);
+            comm_ = UPstream::newCommunicator(parent, subRanks);
+        }
+
+        //- Take ownership, free managed communicator
+        void reset(communicator&& c)
+        {
+            if (this == &c) return;  // No self-assignment
+            if (comm_ != c.comm_) UPstream::freeCommunicator(comm_);
+            comm_ = c.comm_;
+            c.comm_ = -1;
+        }
+
+        //- Swap communicator labels
+        void swap(communicator& c) { std::swap(comm_, c.comm_); }
+
+
+    // Member Operators
+
+        //- Implicit cast to label - the same as comm()
+        operator label() const noexcept { return comm_; }
+
+        //- Move assignment, takes ownership
+        void operator=(communicator&& c) { reset(std::move(c)); }
+
+        //- Test for equality
+        bool operator==(const communicator& c) const noexcept
+        {
+            return (comm_ == c.comm_);
+        }
+
+        //- Test for inequality
+        bool operator!=(const communicator& c) const noexcept
+        {
+            return (comm_ != c.comm_);
+        }
+};
+
 
 /*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
                    Class UPstream::Communicator Declaration

src/OpenFOAM/db/IOstreams/Tstreams/ITstream.H

@@ -470,18 +470,10 @@ public:
 
         //- Copy append a list of tokens at the current tokenIndex,
         //- incrementing the index.
-        //
-        //  \param newTokens the list of tokens to copy append
-        //  \param lazy leaves any excess capacity for further appends.
-        //      The caller will be responsible for resizing later.
         void add_tokens(const UList<token>& toks);
 
         //- Move append a list of tokens at the current tokenIndex,
         //- incrementing the index.
-        //
-        //  \param newTokens the list of tokens to move append
-        //  \param lazy leaves any excess capacity for further appends.
-        //      The caller will be responsible for resizing later.
         void add_tokens(List<token>&& toks);
 
 

src/OpenFOAM/db/error/messageStream.C

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ Note
 #include "error.H"
 #include "dictionary.H"
 #include "foamVersion.H"
-#include "Pstream.H"
+#include "UPstream.H"
 
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Static Data Members * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
@@ -106,22 +106,34 @@ Foam::messageStream::messageStream(const dictionary& dict)
 
 Foam::OSstream& Foam::messageStream::stream
 (
-    OSstream* alternative
+    OSstream* alternative,
+    int communicator
 )
 {
+    if (communicator < 0)
+    {
+        communicator = UPstream::worldComm;
+    }
+
     if (level)
     {
-        // Serlal (master only) output?
+        // Master-only output?
-        const bool serialOnly
+        const bool masterOnly
         (
             !UPstream::parRun()
          || ((severity_ & ~errorSeverity::USE_STDERR) == errorSeverity::INFO)
          || ((severity_ & ~errorSeverity::USE_STDERR) == errorSeverity::WARNING)
         );
 
-        if (serialOnly && (UPstream::parRun() && !UPstream::master()))
+        if
+        (
+            masterOnly
+         && (UPstream::parRun() && !UPstream::master(communicator))
+        )
         {
-            return Snull;  // Non-serial, non-master: exit early
+            // Requested master-only output but is non-master (in parallel)
+            // -> early exit
+            return Snull;
         }
 
 
@@ -139,10 +151,9 @@ Foam::OSstream& Foam::messageStream::stream
 
         OSstream* osptr;
 
-        if (serialOnly)
+        if (masterOnly)
         {
-            // Use supplied alternative? Valid for serial only
+            // Use supplied alternative? Valid for master-only output
-
             osptr =
             (
                 alternative
@@ -152,7 +163,6 @@ Foam::OSstream& Foam::messageStream::stream
         }
         else
         {
-            // Non-serial
             osptr = (use_stderr ? &Perr : &Pout);
         }
 
@@ -175,8 +185,13 @@ Foam::OSstream& Foam::messageStream::stream
 }
 
 
-Foam::OSstream& Foam::messageStream::masterStream(const int communicator)
+Foam::OSstream& Foam::messageStream::masterStream(int communicator)
 {
+    if (communicator < 0)
+    {
+        communicator = UPstream::worldComm;
+    }
+
     if (UPstream::warnComm >= 0 && communicator != UPstream::warnComm)
     {
         Perr<< "** messageStream with comm:" << communicator << endl;
@@ -185,7 +200,7 @@ Foam::OSstream& Foam::messageStream::masterStream(const int communicator)
 
     if (communicator == UPstream::worldComm || UPstream::master(communicator))
     {
-        return this->stream();
+        return this->stream(nullptr, communicator);
     }
 
     return Snull;
@@ -194,6 +209,7 @@ Foam::OSstream& Foam::messageStream::masterStream(const int communicator)
 
 std::ostream& Foam::messageStream::stdStream()
 {
+    // Currently do not need communicator != worldComm
     return this->stream().stdStream();
 }
 
@@ -400,13 +416,13 @@ Foam::OSstream& Foam::messageStream::operator()
 
 Foam::messageStream Foam::Info
 (
-    "",  // No title
+    // No title
     Foam::messageStream::INFO
 );
 
 Foam::messageStream Foam::InfoErr
 (
-    "",  // No title
+    // No title
     Foam::messageStream::INFO,
     0,
     true  // use_stderr = true

src/OpenFOAM/db/error/messageStream.H

@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ public:
         //  \return the previous value for maxErrors
         int maxErrors(int nErrors) noexcept
         {
-            int old = maxErrors_;
+            int old(maxErrors_);
             maxErrors_ = nErrors;
             return old;
         }
@@ -191,12 +191,15 @@ public:
         OSstream& stream
         (
             //! An alternative output stream (serial-only)
-            OSstream* alternative = nullptr
+            OSstream* alternative = nullptr,
+            //! Communicator. Negative is treated like UPstream::worldComm
+            int communicator = -1
         );
 
         //- Return OSstream for output operations on the master process only,
         //- Snull on other processes.
-        OSstream& masterStream(const int communicator);
+        //  A negative communicator is treated like UPstream::worldComm
+        OSstream& masterStream(int communicator);
 
         //- Return std::ostream for output operations.
         std::ostream& stdStream();

src/OpenFOAM/fields/DimensionedFields/DimensionedField/DimensionedField.H

@@ -145,9 +145,9 @@ public:
     // Static Member Functions
 
         //- Return a null DimensionedField (reference to a nullObject).
-        static const DimensionedField<Type, GeoMesh>& null() noexcept
+        static const this_type& null() noexcept
         {
-            return NullObjectRef<DimensionedField<Type, GeoMesh>>();
+            return NullObjectRef<this_type>();
         }
 
 

src/OpenFOAM/fields/Fields/DynamicField/DynamicField.H

@@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ public:
 
         //- Change the value for the list capacity directly (ADVANCED, UNSAFE)
         //- Does not perform any memory management or resizing.
-        void setCapacity_unsafe(const label len) noexcept { capacity_ = len; }
+        void setCapacity_unsafe(label len) noexcept { capacity_ = len; }
 
         //- Reserve allocation space for at least this size, allocating new
         //- space if required and \em retaining old content.
@@ -265,11 +265,6 @@ public:
         //- Shrink the allocated space to the number of elements used.
         inline void shrink_to_fit();
 
-        //- Shrink the internal bookkeeping of the allocated space to the
-        //- number of addressed elements without affecting allocation.
-        //  \note when empty() it will delete any allocated memory.
-        inline void shrink_unsafe();
-
 
     // Edit
 

src/OpenFOAM/fields/Fields/DynamicField/DynamicFieldI.H

@@ -66,7 +66,9 @@ inline void Foam::DynamicField<T, SizeMin>::doCapacity
     // Addressable length, possibly truncated by new capacity
     const label currLen = Foam::min(List<T>::size(), newCapacity);
 
+    // Consistent allocated sizing
     List<T>::setAddressableSize(capacity_);
+
     if (nocopy)
     {
         List<T>::resize_nocopy(newCapacity);
@@ -93,6 +95,9 @@ inline void Foam::DynamicField<T, SizeMin>::doReserve
         // Preserve addressed size
         const label currLen = List<T>::size();
 
+        // Consistent allocated sizing
+        List<T>::setAddressableSize(capacity_);
+
         // Increase capacity (eg, doubling)
         capacity_ =
             Foam::ListPolicy::reserve_size<SizeMin, 2>(len, capacity_);
@@ -103,8 +108,10 @@ inline void Foam::DynamicField<T, SizeMin>::doReserve
         }
         else
         {
-            List<T>::resize(capacity_);
+            List<T>::resize_copy(currLen, capacity_);
         }
+
+        capacity_ = List<T>::size();
         List<T>::setAddressableSize(currLen);
     }
 }
@@ -246,7 +253,7 @@ inline Foam::DynamicField<T, SizeMin>::DynamicField
     Field<T>(std::move(static_cast<List<T>&>(content))),
     capacity_(content.capacity())
 {
-    content.setCapacity_unsafe(0);  // Same as shrink_unsafe() but noexcept
+    content.setCapacity_unsafe(0);  // All contents moved
 }
 
 
@@ -259,7 +266,7 @@ inline Foam::DynamicField<T, SizeMin>::DynamicField
     Field<T>(std::move(static_cast<List<T>&>(content))),
     capacity_(content.capacity())
 {
-    content.setCapacity_unsafe(0);  // Same as shrink_unsafe() but noexcept
+    content.setCapacity_unsafe(0);  // All contents moved
 }
 
 
@@ -273,7 +280,7 @@ inline Foam::DynamicField<T, SizeMin>::DynamicField
     Field<T>(std::move(static_cast<List<T>&>(content))),
     capacity_(content.capacity())
 {
-    content.setCapacity_unsafe(0);  // Same as shrink_unsafe() but noexcept
+    content.setCapacity_unsafe(0);  // All contents moved
 }
 
 
@@ -292,7 +299,7 @@ inline Foam::DynamicField<T, SizeMin>::DynamicField
     {
         Field<T>::transfer(static_cast<List<T>&>(content));
         capacity_ = content.capacity();
-        content.setCapacity_unsafe(0);
+        content.setCapacity_unsafe(0);  // All contents moved
     }
     else
     {
@@ -317,7 +324,7 @@ inline Foam::DynamicField<T, SizeMin>::DynamicField
     {
         Field<T>::transfer(static_cast<List<T>&>(content));
         capacity_ = content.capacity();
-        content.setCapacity_unsafe(0);
+        content.setCapacity_unsafe(0);  // All contents moved
     }
     else
     {
@@ -462,8 +469,15 @@ inline void Foam::DynamicField<T, SizeMin>::reserve_exact
         // Preserve addressed size
         const label currLen = List<T>::size();
 
-        capacity_ = len;
+        // Consistent allocated sizing
-        List<T>::resize(capacity_);
+        List<T>::setAddressableSize(capacity_);
+
+        // if (!nocopy)
+        {
+            List<T>::resize_copy(currLen, len);
+        }
+
+        capacity_ = List<T>::size();
         List<T>::setAddressableSize(currLen);
     }
 }
@@ -551,18 +565,6 @@ inline void Foam::DynamicField<T, SizeMin>::shrink_to_fit()
 }
 
 
-template<class T, int SizeMin>
-inline void Foam::DynamicField<T, SizeMin>::shrink_unsafe()
-{
-    if (List<T>::empty())
-    {
-        // Delete storage if empty
-        List<T>::clear();
-    }
-    capacity_ = List<T>::size();
-}
-
-
 template<class T, int SizeMin>
 inline void
 Foam::DynamicField<T, SizeMin>::swap(List<T>& list)

src/OpenFOAM/fields/GeometricFields/GeometricField/GeometricBoundaryField.C

@@ -38,31 +38,27 @@ template<class CheckPatchFieldType>
 bool Foam::GeometricBoundaryField<Type, PatchField, GeoMesh>::checkConsistency
 (
     const scalar tol,
-    const bool doExit
+    const bool exitIfBad
 ) const
 {
-    if (!this->size())
+    auto& bfld = this->constCast();
+
+    if (!bfld.size())
     {
         return true;
     }
 
     if (debug&2)
     {
-        const auto& pfld0 = this->operator[](0);
         PoutInFunction
             << " Checking boundary consistency for field "
-            << pfld0.internalField().name()
+            << bfld[0].internalField().name() << endl;
-            << endl;
     }
 
-    auto& bfld = this->constCast();
+    // Store old values and states
-
+    List<Field<Type>> oldFields(bfld.size());
-
+    boolList oldUpdated(bfld.size());
-    // Store old value
+    boolList oldManipulated(bfld.size());
-    List<Field<Type>> oldBfld(this->size());
-    boolList oldUpdated(this->size());
-    //Note: areaFields (finiteArea) do not have manipulatedMatrix() flag. TBD.
-    //boolList oldManipulated(this->size());
 
     label nEvaluated(0);
 
@@ -71,9 +67,9 @@ bool Foam::GeometricBoundaryField<Type, PatchField, GeoMesh>::checkConsistency
         if (isA<CheckPatchFieldType>(pfld))
         {
             const label patchi = pfld.patch().index();
+            oldFields[patchi] = pfld;
             oldUpdated[patchi] = pfld.updated();
-            oldBfld[patchi] = pfld;
+            oldManipulated[patchi] = pfld.manipulatedMatrix();
-            //oldManipulated[patchi] = pfld.manipulatedMatrix();
             ++nEvaluated;
         }
     }
@@ -117,16 +113,16 @@ bool Foam::GeometricBoundaryField<Type, PatchField, GeoMesh>::checkConsistency
         if (isA<CheckPatchFieldType>(pfld))
         {
             const label patchi = pfld.patch().index();
-            const auto& oldPfld = oldBfld[patchi];
+            auto& oldPfld = oldFields[patchi];
 
             bool localOk(true);
 
             if (allOk)
             {
-                // Only check once
+                // Only check for first failed patch
                 forAll(pfld, facei)
                 {
-                    if (mag(pfld[facei]-oldPfld[facei]) > tol)
+                    if (tol < Foam::mag(pfld[facei]-oldPfld[facei]))
                     {
                         allOk = false;
                         localOk = false;
@@ -137,50 +133,44 @@ bool Foam::GeometricBoundaryField<Type, PatchField, GeoMesh>::checkConsistency
 
             if (!localOk)
             {
-                if (doExit)
+                // Raise warning or error
+                OSstream& err =
+                (
+                    exitIfBad
+                  ? FatalErrorInFunction
+                  : WarningInFunction
+                );
+
+                err << "Field "
+                    << pfld.internalField().name()
+                    << " is not evaluated?"
+                    << " On patch " << pfld.patch().name()
+                    << " type " << pfld.type()
+                    << " : average of field = "
+                    << average(oldPfld)
+                    << ". Average of evaluated field = "
+                    << average(pfld)
+                    << ". Difference:" << average(pfld-oldPfld)
+                    << ". Tolerance:" << tol << endl;
+
+                if (exitIfBad)
                 {
-                    FatalErrorInFunction << "Field "
+                    FatalError<< exit(FatalError);
-                        << pfld.internalField().name()
-                        << " is not evaluated?"
-                        << " On patch " << pfld.patch().name()
-                        << " type " << pfld.type()
-                        << " : average of field = "
-                        << average(oldPfld)
-                        << ". Average of evaluated field = "
-                        << average(pfld)
-                        << ". Difference:" << average(pfld-oldPfld)
-                        << ". Tolerance:" << tol << endl
-                        << exit(FatalError);
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    WarningInFunction << "Field "
-                        << pfld.internalField().name()
-                        << " is not evaluated?"
-                        << " On patch " << pfld.patch().name()
-                        << " type " << pfld.type()
-                        << " : average of field = "
-                        << average(oldPfld)
-                        << ". Average of evaluated field = "
-                        << average(pfld)
-                        << ". Difference:" << average(pfld-oldPfld)
-                        << ". Tolerance:" << tol << endl;
                 }
             }
 
-            // Restore bfld, updated
+            // Restore patch field values and states
+            static_cast<Field<Type>&>(pfld) = std::move(oldPfld);
             pfld.setUpdated(oldUpdated[patchi]);
-            static_cast<Field<Type>&>(pfld) = std::move(oldBfld[patchi]);
+            pfld.setManipulated(oldManipulated[patchi]);
-            //pfld.setManipulated(oldManipulated[patchi]);
         }
     }
 
     if (debug&2)
     {
-        const auto& pfld0 = this->operator[](0);
         PoutInFunction
             << " Result of checking for field "
-            << pfld0.internalField().name() << " : " << allOk << endl;
+            << bfld[0].internalField().name() << " : " << allOk << endl;
     }
 
     return allOk;

src/OpenFOAM/fields/GeometricFields/GeometricField/GeometricBoundaryField.H

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     Copyright (C) 2011-2017,2022 OpenFOAM Foundation
-    Copyright (C) 2015-2024 OpenCFD Ltd.
+    Copyright (C) 2015-2025 OpenCFD Ltd.
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
     This file is part of OpenFOAM.
@@ -88,7 +88,8 @@ private:
 
     // Private Member Functions
 
-        //- Helper: check if patchfields have been evaluated. If not:
+        //- Check if patch fields have been consistently evaluated.
+        //  If not:
         //      exit = true  : FatalError
         //      exit = false : return bool
         template<class CheckPatchField>

src/OpenFOAM/fields/GeometricFields/GeometricField/GeometricField.H

@@ -156,9 +156,9 @@ public:
     // Static Member Functions
 
         //- Return a null GeometricField (reference to a nullObject).
-        static const GeometricField<Type, PatchField, GeoMesh>& null() noexcept
+        static const this_type& null() noexcept
         {
-            return NullObjectRef<GeometricField<Type, PatchField, GeoMesh>>();
+            return NullObjectRef<this_type>();
         }
 
 

src/OpenFOAM/fields/pointPatchFields/pointPatchField/pointPatchField.C

@@ -318,6 +318,7 @@ void Foam::pointPatchField<Type>::evaluate(const Pstream::commsTypes)
     }
 
     pointPatchFieldBase::setUpdated(false);
+    pointPatchFieldBase::setManipulated(false);
 }
 
 

src/OpenFOAM/fields/pointPatchFields/pointPatchField/pointPatchField.H

@@ -98,16 +98,6 @@ protected:
         //  Useful when initially constructed without a dictionary
         virtual void readDict(const dictionary& dict);
 
-        //- Set updated state
-        void setUpdated(bool state) noexcept
-        {
-            updated_ = state;
-        }
-
-        //- Set matrix manipulated state. Currently a no-op for pointPatchField.
-        void setManipulated(bool state) noexcept
-        {}
-
 
 public:
 
@@ -228,13 +218,24 @@ public:
             return updated_;
         }
 
+        //- Set updated state
+        void setUpdated(bool state) noexcept
+        {
+            updated_ = state;
+        }
+
         //- True if the matrix has already been manipulated.
-        //- Currently ignored (always false) for pointPatchField
+        //- Currently always false for pointPatchField
         bool manipulatedMatrix() const noexcept
         {
             return false;
         }
 
+        //- Set matrix manipulated state.
+        //- Currently a no-op for pointPatchField.
+        void setManipulated(bool state) noexcept
+        {}
+
 
     // Check
 
@@ -262,6 +263,9 @@ public:
         //- The value_type for the patch field
         typedef Type value_type;
 
+        //- The component type for patch field
+        typedef typename pTraits<Type>::cmptType cmptType;
+
         //- The internal field type associated with the patch field
         typedef DimensionedField<Type, pointMesh> Internal;
 

src/OpenFOAM/global/argList/argList.C

@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ License
 #include "IOobject.H"
 #include "dynamicCode.H"
 #include "simpleObjectRegistry.H"
+#include "MemoryPool.H"
 #include "sigFpe.H"
 #include "sigInt.H"
 #include "sigQuit.H"
@@ -2182,6 +2183,9 @@ void Foam::argList::parse
         sigQuit::set(bannerEnabled());
         sigSegv::set(bannerEnabled());
 
+        // Create memory pool (if any) after MPI has been setup
+        MemoryPool::create(bannerEnabled());
+
         if (UPstream::master() && bannerEnabled())
         {
             Info<< "fileModificationChecking : "

src/OpenFOAM/memory/pool/MemoryPool.H

@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     |
+    \\  /    A nd           | www.openfoam.com
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    Copyright (C) 2025 OpenCFD Ltd.
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+Class
+    Foam::MemoryPool
+
+Description
+    Optional memory management using a memory pool such as Umpire
+    (https://github.com/LLNL/Umpire).
+
+    When compiled with Umpire, its use can be controlled by the
+    \c FOAM_MEMORY_POOL environment variable, or the
+    \c memory_pool Optimisation switch (etc/controlDict).
+
+    It currently looks for any of the following entries, in this order:
+    - true - same as \em "host"
+    - false/none - disabled.
+    - \em "host" - uses host memory pool
+    - \em "system" - same as \em "host"
+    - \em "device" - uses device memory pool
+    - \em "managed" - uses managed host/device memory pool
+    .
+
+    The parameters "size=nn" and "incr=nn" (in MegaBytes) can be used
+    to specify alternatives to the default sizing.
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef Foam_MemoryPool_H
+#define Foam_MemoryPool_H
+
+#include <cstdint>  // For size_t
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+                         Class MemoryPool Declaration
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+class MemoryPool
+{
+public:
+
+    // Constructors
+
+        //- Create a memory pool instance (if not already active).
+        //  Uses environment or etc/controlDict entry
+        static bool create(bool verbose = false);
+
+
+    // Destructor
+
+        //- Remove the memory pool instance (currently does nothing)
+        static void destroy(bool verbose = false);
+
+
+    // Member Functions
+
+        //- True if pool is active (ie, created and not suspended)
+        static bool active() noexcept;
+
+        //- Suspend use of memory pool (for allocation).
+        //  \return previous suspend status
+        static bool suspend() noexcept;
+
+        //- Resume use of memory pool (if previously active)
+        static void resume() noexcept;
+
+        //- Test if given pointer belongs to the pool
+        static bool is_pool(void *ptr);
+
+        //- Allocate from pool (if active).
+        //  \returns nullptr if the pool is not active
+        static void* try_allocate(std::size_t nbytes);
+
+        //- Deallocate a pointer managed by the pool
+        //  \returns True if a nullptr (no-op) or when the pointer was
+        //      managed by the pool.
+        static bool try_deallocate(void *ptr);
+};
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+} // End namespace Foam
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+#endif
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

src/OpenFOAM/meshes/pointMesh/pointBoundaryMesh/pointBoundaryMesh.C

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     Copyright (C) 2011-2017 OpenFOAM Foundation
-    Copyright (C) 2018-2024 OpenCFD Ltd.
+    Copyright (C) 2018-2025 OpenCFD Ltd.
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
     This file is part of OpenFOAM.
@@ -89,7 +89,11 @@ void Foam::pointBoundaryMesh::calcGroupIDs() const
     // Remove groups that clash with patch names
     forAll(patches, patchi)
     {
-        if (groupLookup.erase(patches[patchi].name()))
+        if (groupLookup.empty())
+        {
+            break;  // Early termination
+        }
+        else if (groupLookup.erase(patches[patchi].name()))
         {
             WarningInFunction
                 << "Removed group '" << patches[patchi].name()
@@ -370,7 +374,7 @@ Foam::labelList Foam::pointBoundaryMesh::indices
     // Only check groups if requested and they exist
     const bool checkGroups = (useGroups && this->hasGroupIDs());
 
-    labelHashSet ids(0);
+    labelHashSet ids;
 
     if (matcher.isPattern())
     {
@@ -381,7 +385,7 @@ Foam::labelList Foam::pointBoundaryMesh::indices
             {
                 if (matcher(iter.key()))
                 {
-                    // Add patch ids associated with the group
+                    // Add ids associated with the group
                     ids.insert(iter.val());
                 }
             }
@@ -413,7 +417,7 @@ Foam::labelList Foam::pointBoundaryMesh::indices
 
             if (iter.good())
             {
-                // Hash ids associated with the group
+                // Add ids associated with the group
                 ids.insert(iter.val());
             }
         }
@@ -438,7 +442,7 @@ Foam::labelList Foam::pointBoundaryMesh::indices
         return this->indices(matcher.front(), useGroups);
     }
 
-    labelHashSet ids(0);
+    labelHashSet ids;
 
     // Only check groups if requested and they exist
     if (useGroups && this->hasGroupIDs())
@@ -450,7 +454,7 @@ Foam::labelList Foam::pointBoundaryMesh::indices
         {
             if (matcher(iter.key()))
             {
-                // Add patch ids associated with the group
+                // Add ids associated with the group
                 ids.insert(iter.val());
             }
         }
@@ -471,20 +475,20 @@ Foam::labelList Foam::pointBoundaryMesh::indices
 
 Foam::labelList Foam::pointBoundaryMesh::indices
 (
-    const wordRes& select,
+    const wordRes& allow,
-    const wordRes& ignore,
+    const wordRes& deny,
     const bool useGroups
 ) const
 {
-    //return mesh().boundaryMesh().indices(select, ignore, useGroups);
+    if (allow.empty() && deny.empty())
-    if (ignore.empty())
     {
-        return this->indices(select, useGroups);
+        // Fast-path: select all
+        return identity(this->size());
     }
 
-    const wordRes::filter matcher(select, ignore);
+    const wordRes::filter matcher(allow, deny);
 
-    labelHashSet ids(0);
+    labelHashSet ids;
 
     // Only check groups if requested and they exist
     if (useGroups && this->hasGroupIDs())
@@ -496,7 +500,7 @@ Foam::labelList Foam::pointBoundaryMesh::indices
         {
             if (matcher(iter.key()))
             {
-                // Add patch ids associated with the group
+                // Add ids associated with the group
                 ids.insert(iter.val());
             }
         }

src/OpenFOAM/meshes/pointMesh/pointBoundaryMesh/pointBoundaryMesh.H

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     Copyright (C) 2011-2013 OpenFOAM Foundation
-    Copyright (C) 2018-2024 OpenCFD Ltd.
+    Copyright (C) 2018-2025 OpenCFD Ltd.
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
     This file is part of OpenFOAM.
@@ -28,7 +28,9 @@ Class
     Foam::pointBoundaryMesh
 
 Description
-    Foam::pointBoundaryMesh
+    A pointBoundaryMesh is a pointPatch list with registered IO,
+    a reference to the associated pointMesh,
+    with additional search methods etc.
 
 SourceFiles
     pointBoundaryMesh.C
@@ -102,10 +104,10 @@ public:
 
     // Constructors
 
-        //- Construct from polyBoundaryMesh
+        //- Construct from pointMesh and polyBoundaryMesh
         pointBoundaryMesh(const pointMesh&, const polyBoundaryMesh&);
 
-        //- Construct from IOobject and polyBoundaryMesh
+        //- Construct from IOobject, pointMesh and polyBoundaryMesh
         pointBoundaryMesh
         (
             const IOobject& io,
@@ -141,24 +143,29 @@ public:
         //- Return a list of physical types
         wordList physicalTypes() const;
 
-        //- Return (sorted) patch indices for all matches.
+        //- The (sorted) patch indices for all matches,
-        //  A no-op (returns empty list) for an empty matcher
+        //- optionally matching patch groups.
+        //  \returns an empty list for an empty matcher
         labelList indices(const wordRe& matcher, const bool useGroups) const;
 
-        //- Return (sorted) patch indices for all matches.
+        //- The (sorted) patch indices for all matches,
-        //  A no-op (returns empty list) for an empty matcher
+        //- optionally matching patch groups.
+        //  \returns an empty list for an empty matcher
         labelList indices(const wordRes& matcher, const bool useGroups) const;
 
-        //- Return (sorted) patch indices for all selected matches that
+        //- The (sorted) patch indices: logic as per Foam::wordRes::filter,
-        //- are not ignored.
+        //- optionally matching patch groups.
-        //- The selection logic as per Foam::wordRes::filter.
+        //
-        //  Optionally matches patch groups.
+        //  An empty \em allow accepts everything not in \em deny.
-        //  A no-op (returns empty list) for an empty select matcher
+        //  A literal \em allow match has higher priority than any \em deny.
+        //  A regex \em allow match has lower priority than any \em deny.
+        //
+        //  \returns identity list when allow/deny are both empty.
         labelList indices
         (
-            const wordRes& select,
+            const wordRes& allow,
-            const wordRes& ignore,
+            const wordRes& deny,
-            const bool useGroups
+            const bool useGroups  //!< Match patch groups
         ) const;
 
         //- Find patch index given a name

src/OpenFOAM/meshes/polyMesh/mapPolyMesh/mapDistribute/mapDistribute.C

@@ -40,96 +40,6 @@ namespace Foam
 
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * * Private Member Functions  * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
-template<>
-void Foam::mapDistribute::transform::operator()
-(
-    const vectorTensorTransform&,
-    const bool,
-    List<label>&
-) const {}
-
-template<>
-void Foam::mapDistribute::transform::operator()
-(
-    const coupledPolyPatch&,
-    UList<label>&
-) const {}
-
-template<>
-void Foam::mapDistribute::transform::operator()
-(
-    const coupledPolyPatch&,
-    Map<label>&
-) const {}
-
-template<>
-void Foam::mapDistribute::transform::operator()
-(
-    const coupledPolyPatch&,
-    EdgeMap<label>&
-) const {}
-
-
-template<>
-void Foam::mapDistribute::transform::operator()
-(
-    const vectorTensorTransform&,
-    const bool,
-    List<scalar>&
-) const {}
-
-template<>
-void Foam::mapDistribute::transform::operator()
-(
-    const coupledPolyPatch&,
-    UList<scalar>&
-) const {}
-
-template<>
-void Foam::mapDistribute::transform::operator()
-(
-    const coupledPolyPatch&,
-    Map<scalar>&
-) const {}
-
-template<>
-void Foam::mapDistribute::transform::operator()
-(
-    const coupledPolyPatch&,
-    EdgeMap<scalar>&
-) const {}
-
-
-template<>
-void Foam::mapDistribute::transform::operator()
-(
-    const vectorTensorTransform&,
-    const bool,
-    List<bool>&
-) const {}
-
-template<>
-void Foam::mapDistribute::transform::operator()
-(
-    const coupledPolyPatch&,
-    UList<bool>&
-) const {}
-
-template<>
-void Foam::mapDistribute::transform::operator()
-(
-    const coupledPolyPatch&,
-    Map<bool>&
-) const {}
-
-template<>
-void Foam::mapDistribute::transform::operator()
-(
-    const coupledPolyPatch&,
-    EdgeMap<bool>&
-) const {}
-
-
 void Foam::mapDistribute::printLayout(Ostream& os) const
 {
     mapDistributeBase::printLayout(os);

src/OpenFOAM/meshes/polyMesh/mapPolyMesh/mapDistribute/mapDistribute.H

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     Copyright (C) 2011-2016 OpenFOAM Foundation
-    Copyright (C) 2015-2023 OpenCFD Ltd.
+    Copyright (C) 2015-2025 OpenCFD Ltd.
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
     This file is part of OpenFOAM.
@@ -176,25 +176,25 @@ class mapDistribute
 
         //- Helper function: copy transformElements without transformation
         template<class T>
-        void applyDummyTransforms(List<T>& field) const;
+        void applyDummyTransforms(UList<T>& field) const;
 
         template<class T, class TransformOp>
         void applyTransforms
         (
             const globalIndexAndTransform& globalTransforms,
-            List<T>& field,
+            UList<T>& field,
             const TransformOp& top
         ) const;
 
         //- Helper function: copy transformElements without transformation
         template<class T>
-        void applyDummyInverseTransforms(List<T>& field) const;
+        void applyDummyInverseTransforms(UList<T>& field) const;
 
         template<class T, class TransformOp>
         void applyInverseTransforms
         (
             const globalIndexAndTransform& globalTransforms,
-            List<T>& field,
+            UList<T>& field,
             const TransformOp& top
         ) const;
 
@@ -219,11 +219,14 @@ public:
             (
                 const vectorTensorTransform& vt,
                 const bool forward,
-                List<Type>& fld
+                UList<Type>& fld
             ) const
             {
-                const tensor T(forward ? vt.R() : vt.R().T());
+                if constexpr (is_rotational_vectorspace_v<Type>)
-                transformList(T, fld);
+                {
+                    const tensor rot(forward ? vt.R() : vt.R().T());
+                    transformList(rot, fld);
+                }
             }
 
             template<class Type>
@@ -234,9 +237,13 @@ public:
                 List<List<Type>>& flds
             ) const
             {
-                for (List<Type>& fld : flds)
+                if constexpr (is_rotational_vectorspace_v<Type>)
                 {
-                    operator()(vt, forward, fld);
+                    const tensor rot(forward ? vt.R() : vt.R().T());
+                    for (auto& fld : flds)
+                    {
+                        transformList(rot, fld);
+                    }
                 }
             }
 
@@ -244,9 +251,12 @@ public:
             template<class Type>
             void operator()(const coupledPolyPatch& cpp, UList<Type>& fld) const
             {
-                if (!cpp.parallel())
+                if constexpr (is_rotational_vectorspace_v<Type>)
                 {
-                    transformList(cpp.forwardT(), fld);
+                    if (!cpp.parallel())
+                    {
+                        transformList(cpp.forwardT(), fld);
+                    }
                 }
             }
 
@@ -255,9 +265,12 @@ public:
             void operator()(const coupledPolyPatch& cpp, Container<Type>& map)
             const
             {
-                if (!cpp.parallel())
+                if constexpr (is_rotational_vectorspace_v<Type>)
                 {
-                    transformList(cpp.forwardT(), map);
+                    if (!cpp.parallel())
+                    {
+                        transformList(cpp.forwardT(), map);
+                    }
                 }
             }
         };
@@ -271,17 +284,16 @@ public:
             (
                 const vectorTensorTransform& vt,
                 const bool forward,
-                List<point>& fld
+                UList<point>& fld
             ) const
             {
-                pointField pfld(std::move(fld));
                 if (forward)
                 {
-                    fld = vt.transformPosition(pfld);
+                    vt.transformPositionList(fld);
                 }
                 else
                 {
-                    fld = vt.invTransformPosition(pfld);
+                    vt.invTransformPositionList(fld);
                 }
             }
 
@@ -292,9 +304,19 @@ public:
                 List<List<point>>& flds
             ) const
             {
-                for (List<point>& fld : flds)
+                if (forward)
                 {
-                    operator()(vt, forward, fld);
+                    for (auto& fld : flds)
+                    {
+                        vt.transformPositionList(fld);
+                    }
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    for (auto& fld : flds)
+                    {
+                        vt.invTransformPositionList(fld);
+                    }
                 }
             }
 
@@ -682,86 +704,6 @@ public:
 };
 
 
-// Template specialisation for primitives that do not need transform
-template<>
-void mapDistribute::transform::operator()
-(
-    const vectorTensorTransform&,
-    const bool,
-    List<label>&
-) const;
-template<>
-void mapDistribute::transform::operator()
-(
-    const coupledPolyPatch&,
-    UList<label>&
-) const;
-template<>
-void mapDistribute::transform::operator()
-(
-    const coupledPolyPatch&,
-    Map<label>&
-) const;
-template<>
-void mapDistribute::transform::operator()
-(
-    const coupledPolyPatch&,
-    EdgeMap<label>&
-) const;
-
-template<>
-void mapDistribute::transform::operator()
-(
-    const coupledPolyPatch&,
-    UList<scalar>&
-) const;
-template<>
-void mapDistribute::transform::operator()
-(
-    const vectorTensorTransform&,
-    const bool,
-    List<scalar>&
-) const;
-template<>
-void mapDistribute::transform::operator()
-(
-    const coupledPolyPatch&,
-    Map<scalar>&
-) const;
-template<>
-void mapDistribute::transform::operator()
-(
-    const coupledPolyPatch&,
-    EdgeMap<scalar>&
-) const;
-
-template<>
-void mapDistribute::transform::operator()
-(
-    const coupledPolyPatch& cpp,
-    UList<bool>& fld
-) const;
-template<>
-void mapDistribute::transform::operator()
-(
-    const vectorTensorTransform&,
-    const bool,
-    List<bool>&
-) const;
-template<>
-void mapDistribute::transform::operator()
-(
-    const coupledPolyPatch&,
-    Map<bool>&
-) const;
-template<>
-void mapDistribute::transform::operator()
-(
-    const coupledPolyPatch&,
-    EdgeMap<bool>&
-) const;
-
-
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
 } // End namespace Foam

src/OpenFOAM/meshes/polyMesh/mapPolyMesh/mapDistribute/mapDistributeBase.H

@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ protected:
         static void flipAndCombine
         (
             //! [in,out] The left of binary combine operation
-            List<T>& lhs,
+            UList<T>& lhs,
             //! The right of binary combine operation
             const UList<T>& rhs,
             //! The mapping indices
@@ -254,8 +254,8 @@ protected:
         static void accessAndFlip
         (
             //! [out] The result values
-            List<T>& output,
+            UList<T>& output,
-            //! [out] The input values
+            //! The input values
             const UList<T>& values,
             //! The mapping indices
             const labelUList& map,
@@ -270,7 +270,7 @@ protected:
         template<class T, class NegateOp>
         static List<T> accessAndFlip
         (
-            //! [out] The input values
+            //! The input values
             const UList<T>& values,
             //! The mapping indices
             const labelUList& map,
@@ -895,7 +895,7 @@ public:
         static void distribute
         (
             const UPstream::commsTypes commsType,
-            const List<labelPair>& schedule,
+            const UList<labelPair>& schedule,
             const label constructSize,
             const labelListList& subMap,
             const bool subHasFlip,
@@ -918,7 +918,7 @@ public:
         static void distribute
         (
             const UPstream::commsTypes commsType,
-            const List<labelPair>& schedule,
+            const UList<labelPair>& schedule,
             const label constructSize,
             const labelListList& subMap,
             const bool subHasFlip,
@@ -1078,7 +1078,7 @@ public:
 
             //- Do all sends using PstreamBuffers
             template<class T>
-            void send(PstreamBuffers& pBufs, const List<T>& field) const;
+            void send(PstreamBuffers& pBufs, const UList<T>& field) const;
 
             //- Do all receives using PstreamBuffers
             template<class T>

src/OpenFOAM/meshes/polyMesh/mapPolyMesh/mapDistribute/mapDistributeBaseTemplates.C

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ License
 template<class T, class CombineOp, class NegateOp>
 void Foam::mapDistributeBase::flipAndCombine
 (
-    List<T>& lhs,
+    UList<T>& lhs,
     const UList<T>& rhs,
 
     const labelUList& map,
@@ -46,6 +46,9 @@ void Foam::mapDistributeBase::flipAndCombine
 {
     const label len = map.size();
 
+    // FULLDEBUG: if (lhs.size() < max(map))  FatalError ...;
+    // FULLDEBUG: if (rhs.size() < len)  FatalError ...;
+
     if (hasFlip)
     {
         for (label i = 0; i < len; ++i)
@@ -82,7 +85,7 @@ void Foam::mapDistributeBase::flipAndCombine
 template<class T, class NegateOp>
 void Foam::mapDistributeBase::accessAndFlip
 (
-    List<T>& output,
+    UList<T>& output,
     const UList<T>& values,
     const labelUList& map,
     const bool hasFlip,
@@ -91,6 +94,7 @@ void Foam::mapDistributeBase::accessAndFlip
 {
     const label len = map.size();
 
+    // FULLDEBUG: if (values.size() < max(map))  FatalError ...;
     // FULLDEBUG: if (output.size() < len)  FatalError ...;
 
     if (hasFlip)
@@ -447,7 +451,7 @@ template<class T, class CombineOp, class NegateOp>
 void Foam::mapDistributeBase::distribute
 (
     const UPstream::commsTypes commsType,
-    const List<labelPair>& schedule,
+    const UList<labelPair>& schedule,
     const label constructSize,
     const labelListList& subMap,
     const bool subHasFlip,
@@ -894,7 +898,7 @@ template<class T, class NegateOp>
 void Foam::mapDistributeBase::distribute
 (
     const UPstream::commsTypes commsType,
-    const List<labelPair>& schedule,
+    const UList<labelPair>& schedule,
     const label constructSize,
     const labelListList& subMap,
     const bool subHasFlip,
@@ -1332,7 +1336,7 @@ template<class T>
 void Foam::mapDistributeBase::send
 (
     PstreamBuffers& pBufs,
-    const List<T>& field
+    const UList<T>& field
 ) const
 {
     // Stream data into buffer
@@ -1482,13 +1486,11 @@ void Foam::mapDistributeBase::distribute
     const int tag
 ) const
 {
-    values.shrink();
+    List<T> work(std::move(values));
 
-    List<T>& list = static_cast<List<T>&>(values);
+    distribute(commsType, work, tag);
 
-    distribute(commsType, list, tag);
+    values = std::move(work);
-
-    values.setCapacity(list.size());
 }
 
 

src/OpenFOAM/meshes/polyMesh/mapPolyMesh/mapDistribute/mapDistributeTemplates.C

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ License
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * * Private Member Functions  * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
 template<class T>
-void Foam::mapDistribute::applyDummyTransforms(List<T>& field) const
+void Foam::mapDistribute::applyDummyTransforms(UList<T>& field) const
 {
     forAll(transformElements_, trafoI)
     {
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ void Foam::mapDistribute::applyDummyTransforms(List<T>& field) const
 
 
 template<class T>
-void Foam::mapDistribute::applyDummyInverseTransforms(List<T>& field) const
+void Foam::mapDistribute::applyDummyInverseTransforms(UList<T>& field) const
 {
     forAll(transformElements_, trafoI)
     {
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ template<class T, class TransformOp>   //, class CombineOp>
 void Foam::mapDistribute::applyTransforms
 (
     const globalIndexAndTransform& globalTransforms,
-    List<T>& field,
+    UList<T>& field,
     const TransformOp& top
 ) const
 {
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ template<class T, class TransformOp>   //, class CombineOp>
 void Foam::mapDistribute::applyInverseTransforms
 (
     const globalIndexAndTransform& globalTransforms,
-    List<T>& field,
+    UList<T>& field,
     const TransformOp& top
 ) const
 {
@@ -193,13 +193,11 @@ void Foam::mapDistribute::distribute
     const int tag
 ) const
 {
-    fld.shrink();
+    List<T> work(std::move(fld));
 
-    List<T>& list = static_cast<List<T>&>(fld);
+    distribute(commsType, work, dummyTransform, tag);
 
-    distribute(commsType, list, dummyTransform, tag);
+    fld = std::move(work);
-
-    fld.setCapacity(list.size());
 }
 
 

src/OpenFOAM/meshes/polyMesh/polyBoundaryMesh/polyBoundaryMesh.C

@@ -93,7 +93,11 @@ void Foam::polyBoundaryMesh::calcGroupIDs() const
     // Remove groups that clash with patch names
     forAll(patches, patchi)
     {
-        if (groupLookup.erase(patches[patchi].name()))
+        if (groupLookup.empty())
+        {
+            break;  // Early termination
+        }
+        else if (groupLookup.erase(patches[patchi].name()))
         {
             WarningInFunction
                 << "Removed group '" << patches[patchi].name()
@@ -782,7 +786,7 @@ Foam::labelList Foam::polyBoundaryMesh::indices
     // Only check groups if requested and they exist
     const bool checkGroups = (useGroups && this->hasGroupIDs());
 
-    labelHashSet ids(0);
+    labelHashSet ids;
 
     if (matcher.isPattern())
     {
@@ -850,7 +854,7 @@ Foam::labelList Foam::polyBoundaryMesh::indices
         return this->indices(matcher.front(), useGroups);
     }
 
-    labelHashSet ids(0);
+    labelHashSet ids;
 
     // Only check groups if requested and they exist
     if (useGroups && this->hasGroupIDs())
@@ -883,19 +887,20 @@ Foam::labelList Foam::polyBoundaryMesh::indices
 
 Foam::labelList Foam::polyBoundaryMesh::indices
 (
-    const wordRes& select,
+    const wordRes& allow,
-    const wordRes& ignore,
+    const wordRes& deny,
     const bool useGroups
 ) const
 {
-    if (ignore.empty())
+    if (allow.empty() && deny.empty())
     {
-        return this->indices(select, useGroups);
+        // Fast-path: select all
+        return identity(this->size());
     }
 
-    const wordRes::filter matcher(select, ignore);
+    const wordRes::filter matcher(allow, deny);
 
-    labelHashSet ids(0);
+    labelHashSet ids;
 
     // Only check groups if requested and they exist
     if (useGroups && this->hasGroupIDs())
@@ -1069,7 +1074,7 @@ Foam::labelHashSet Foam::polyBoundaryMesh::patchSet
     const bool useGroups
 ) const
 {
-    labelHashSet ids(0);
+    labelHashSet ids;
     if (select.empty())
     {
         return ids;

src/OpenFOAM/meshes/polyMesh/polyBoundaryMesh/polyBoundaryMesh.H

@@ -28,8 +28,9 @@ Class
     Foam::polyBoundaryMesh
 
 Description
-    A polyBoundaryMesh is a polyPatch list with additional search methods
+    A polyBoundaryMesh is a polyPatch list with registered IO,
-    and registered IO.
+    a reference to the associated polyMesh,
+    with additional search methods etc.
 
 SourceFiles
     polyBoundaryMesh.C
@@ -259,34 +260,37 @@ public:
         labelRange range(const label patchi) const;
 
 
-        //- Return (sorted) patch indices for all matches.
+        //- The (sorted) patch indices for all matches,
-        //  Optionally matches patch groups.
+        //- optionally matching patch groups.
-        //  A no-op (returns empty list) for an empty matcher
+        //  \returns an empty list for an empty matcher
         labelList indices
         (
             const wordRe& matcher,
             const bool useGroups = true
         ) const;
 
-        //- Return (sorted) patch indices for all matches.
+        //- The (sorted) patch indices for all matches,
-        //  Optionally matches patch groups.
+        //- optionally matching patch groups.
-        //  A no-op (returns empty list) for an empty matcher
+        //  \returns an empty list for an empty matcher
         labelList indices
         (
             const wordRes& matcher,
-            const bool useGroups = true
+            const bool useGroups = true  //!< Match patch groups
         ) const;
 
-        //- Return (sorted) patch indices for all selected matches that
+        //- The (sorted) patch indices: logic as per Foam::wordRes::filter,
-        //- are not ignored.
+        //- optionally matching patch groups.
-        //- The selection logic as per Foam::wordRes::filter.
+        //
-        //  Optionally matches patch groups.
+        //  An empty \em allow accepts everything not in \em deny.
-        //  A no-op (returns empty list) for an empty select matcher
+        //  A literal \em allow match has higher priority than any \em deny.
+        //  A regex \em allow match has lower priority than any \em deny.
+        //
+        //  \returns identity list when allow/deny are both empty.
         labelList indices
         (
-            const wordRes& select,
+            const wordRes& allow,
-            const wordRes& ignore,
+            const wordRes& deny,
-            const bool useGroups = true
+            const bool useGroups = true  //!< Match patch groups
         ) const;
 
         //- Return (sorted) patch indices for patches that match the

src/OpenFOAM/meshes/polyMesh/syncTools/dummyTransform.H

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     Copyright (C) 2011-2016 OpenFOAM Foundation
-    Copyright (C) 2020 OpenCFD Ltd.
+    Copyright (C) 2020-2025 OpenCFD Ltd.
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
     This file is part of OpenFOAM.
@@ -47,17 +47,27 @@ namespace Foam
 class dummyTransform
 {
 public:
+
     template<class T>
     void operator()
     (
         const vectorTensorTransform& vt,
         const bool forward,
-        List<T>& fld
+        UList<T>& fld
+    ) const
+    {}
+
+    template<class Type>
+    void operator()
+    (
+        const vectorTensorTransform& vt,
+        const bool forward,
+        List<List<Type>>& flds
     ) const
     {}
 
     template<class T>
-    void operator()(const coupledPolyPatch& cpp, Field<T>& fld) const
+    void operator()(const coupledPolyPatch& cpp, UList<T>& fld) const
     {}
 
     template<class T, template<class> class Container>

src/OpenFOAM/meshes/polyMesh/syncTools/syncToolsTemplates.C

@@ -1135,11 +1135,7 @@ void Foam::syncTools::syncBoundaryFaceList
                         pp.start()-boundaryOffset
                     );
 
-                    auto& fakeList = const_cast<List<T>&>
+                    top(procPatch, recvFld);
-                    (
-                        static_cast<const List<T>&>(recvFld)
-                    );
-                    top(procPatch, fakeList);
 
                     SubList<T> patchValues
                     (

src/OpenFOAM/meshes/polyMesh/zones/ZoneMesh/ZoneMesh.C

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     Copyright (C) 2011-2016 OpenFOAM Foundation
-    Copyright (C) 2016-2024 OpenCFD Ltd.
+    Copyright (C) 2016-2025 OpenCFD Ltd.
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
     This file is part of OpenFOAM.
@@ -205,7 +205,11 @@ void Foam::ZoneMesh<ZoneType, MeshType>::calcGroupIDs() const
     // Remove groups that clash with zone names
     forAll(zones, zonei)
     {
-        if (groupLookup.erase(zones[zonei].name()))
+        if (groupLookup.empty())
+        {
+            break;  // Early termination
+        }
+        else if (groupLookup.erase(zones[zonei].name()))
         {
             WarningInFunction
                 << "Removed group '" << zones[zonei].name()
@@ -541,7 +545,7 @@ Foam::labelList Foam::ZoneMesh<ZoneType, MeshType>::indices
     // Only check groups if requested and they exist
     const bool checkGroups = (useGroups && this->hasGroupIDs());
 
-    labelHashSet ids(0);
+    labelHashSet ids;
 
     if (checkGroups)
     {
@@ -557,7 +561,7 @@ Foam::labelList Foam::ZoneMesh<ZoneType, MeshType>::indices
             {
                 if (matcher(iter.key()))
                 {
-                    // Hash ids associated with the group
+                    // Add ids associated with the group
                     ids.insert(iter.val());
                 }
             }
@@ -589,7 +593,7 @@ Foam::labelList Foam::ZoneMesh<ZoneType, MeshType>::indices
 
             if (iter.good())
             {
-                // Hash ids associated with the group
+                // Add ids associated with the group
                 ids.insert(iter.val());
             }
         }
@@ -615,7 +619,7 @@ Foam::labelList Foam::ZoneMesh<ZoneType, MeshType>::indices
         return this->indices(matcher.front(), useGroups);
     }
 
-    labelHashSet ids(0);
+    labelHashSet ids;
 
     // Only check groups if requested and they exist
     if (useGroups && this->hasGroupIDs())
@@ -627,7 +631,7 @@ Foam::labelList Foam::ZoneMesh<ZoneType, MeshType>::indices
         {
             if (matcher(iter.key()))
             {
-                // Hash the ids associated with the group
+                // Add ids associated with the group
                 ids.insert(iter.val());
             }
         }
@@ -649,19 +653,20 @@ Foam::labelList Foam::ZoneMesh<ZoneType, MeshType>::indices
 template<class ZoneType, class MeshType>
 Foam::labelList Foam::ZoneMesh<ZoneType, MeshType>::indices
 (
-    const wordRes& select,
+    const wordRes& allow,
-    const wordRes& ignore,
+    const wordRes& deny,
     const bool useGroups
 ) const
 {
-    if (ignore.empty())
+    if (allow.empty() && deny.empty())
     {
-        return this->indices(select, useGroups);
+        // Fast-path: select all
+        return identity(this->size());
     }
 
-    const wordRes::filter matcher(select, ignore);
+    const wordRes::filter matcher(allow, deny);
 
-    labelHashSet ids(0);
+    labelHashSet ids;
 
     // Only check groups if requested and they exist
     if (useGroups && this->hasGroupIDs())
@@ -673,7 +678,7 @@ Foam::labelList Foam::ZoneMesh<ZoneType, MeshType>::indices
         {
             if (matcher(iter.key()))
             {
-                // Add patch ids associated with the group
+                // Add ids associated with the group
                 ids.insert(iter.val());
             }
         }

src/OpenFOAM/meshes/polyMesh/zones/ZoneMesh/ZoneMesh.H

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     Copyright (C) 2011-2016 OpenFOAM Foundation
-    Copyright (C) 2016-2024 OpenCFD Ltd.
+    Copyright (C) 2016-2025 OpenCFD Ltd.
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
     This file is part of OpenFOAM.
@@ -227,34 +227,37 @@ public:
         wordList sortedNames(const wordRes& matcher) const;
 
 
-        //- Return (sorted) zone indices for all matches
+        //- The (sorted) patch indices for all matches,
-        //  Optionally matches zone groups.
+        //- optionally matching zone groups.
-        //  A no-op (returns empty list) for an empty matcher
+        //  \returns an empty list for an empty matcher
         labelList indices
         (
             const wordRe& matcher,
             const bool useGroups = true
         ) const;
 
-        //- Return (sorted) zone indices for all matches
+        //- The (sorted) patch indices for all matches,
-        //  Optionally matches zone groups.
+        //- optionally matching zone groups.
-        //  A no-op (returns empty list) for an empty matcher
+        //  \returns an empty list for an empty matcher
         labelList indices
         (
             const wordRes& matcher,
             const bool useGroups = true
         ) const;
 
-        //- Return (sorted) zone indices for all selected matches that
+        //- The (sorted) patch indices: logic as per Foam::wordRes::filter,
-        //- are not ignored.
+        //- optionally matching zone groups.
-        //- The selection logic as per Foam::wordRes::filter.
+        //
-        //  Optionally matches patch groups.
+        //  An empty \em allow accepts everything not in \em deny.
-        //  A no-op (returns empty list) for an empty select matcher
+        //  A literal \em allow match has higher priority than any \em deny.
+        //  A regex \em allow match has lower priority than any \em deny.
+        //
+        //  \returns identity list when allow/deny are both empty.
         labelList indices
         (
-            const wordRes& select,
+            const wordRes& allow,
-            const wordRes& ignore,
+            const wordRes& deny,
-            const bool useGroups = true
+            const bool useGroups = true  //!< Match zone groups
         ) const;
 
         //- Zone index for the first match, return -1 if not found

src/OpenFOAM/primitives/globalIndexAndTransform/vectorTensorTransform/vectorTensorTransform.C

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     Copyright (C) 2011-2016 OpenFOAM Foundation
+    Copyright (C) 2025 OpenCFD Ltd.
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
     This file is part of OpenFOAM.
@@ -60,6 +61,13 @@ Foam::vectorTensorTransform::vectorTensorTransform(Istream& is)
 
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Member Functions  * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
+void Foam::vectorTensorTransform::checkRotation(const scalar tol)
+{
+    // Detect identity and zero rotations
+    hasR_ = !(R_.is_identity(tol) || Foam::mag(R_) < tol);
+}
+
+
 Foam::word Foam::name(const vectorTensorTransform& s)
 {
     OStringStream buf;
@@ -70,32 +78,6 @@ Foam::word Foam::name(const vectorTensorTransform& s)
 }
 
 
-template<>
-Foam::tmp<Foam::Field<bool>> Foam::vectorTensorTransform::transform
-(
-    const Field<bool>& fld
-) const
-{
-    return fld;
-}
-template<>
-Foam::tmp<Foam::Field<Foam::label>> Foam::vectorTensorTransform::transform
-(
-    const Field<label>& fld
-) const
-{
-    return fld;
-}
-template<>
-Foam::tmp<Foam::Field<Foam::scalar>> Foam::vectorTensorTransform::transform
-(
-    const Field<scalar>& fld
-) const
-{
-    return fld;
-}
-
-
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * IOstream Operators  * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
 Foam::Istream& Foam::operator>>(Istream& is, vectorTensorTransform& tr)

src/OpenFOAM/primitives/globalIndexAndTransform/vectorTensorTransform/vectorTensorTransform.H

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     Copyright (C) 2011-2016 OpenFOAM Foundation
-    Copyright (C) 2020 OpenCFD Ltd.
+    Copyright (C) 2020-2025 OpenCFD Ltd.
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
     This file is part of OpenFOAM.
@@ -34,12 +34,12 @@ Description
 SourceFiles
     vectorTensorTransformI.H
     vectorTensorTransform.C
-    vectorTensorTransformTemplates.C
+    vectorTensorTransform.txx
 
 \*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
-#ifndef vectorTensorTransform_H
+#ifndef Foam_vectorTensorTransform_H
-#define vectorTensorTransform_H
+#define Foam_vectorTensorTransform_H
 
 #include "tensor.H"
 #include "word.H"
@@ -126,39 +126,57 @@ public:
 
     // Member Functions
 
-        // Access
+    // Access
 
-            inline const vector& t() const;
+        //- True if it has a non-identity rotation tensor
+        bool hasR() const noexcept { return hasR_; }
 
-            inline const tensor& R() const;
+        //- The translation vector
+        const vector& t() const noexcept { return t_; }
 
-            inline bool hasR() const;
+        //- The (forward) rotation tensor
+        const tensor& R() const noexcept { return R_; }
 
 
-        // Edit
+    // Edit
 
-            inline vector& t();
+        //- Non-const access to the translation vector
+        vector& t() noexcept { return t_; }
 
-            inline tensor& R();
+        //- Non-const access to the rotation tensor. Sets hasR = true
+        inline tensor& R() noexcept;
+
+        //- Test for identity rotation and set hasR accordingly
+        void checkRotation(const scalar tol = ROOTVSMALL);
 
 
-        // Transform
+    // Transform
 
-            //- Transform the given position
+        //- Transform the given position
-            inline vector transformPosition(const vector& v) const;
+        inline vector transformPosition(const vector& v) const;
 
-            //- Transform the given pointField
+        //- Transform the given field of points
-            inline pointField transformPosition(const pointField& pts) const;
+        inline pointField transformPosition(const pointField& pts) const;
 
-            //- Inverse transform the given position
+        //- Inplace transform the given points
-            inline vector invTransformPosition(const vector& v) const;
+        inline void transformPositionList(UList<point>& pts) const;
 
-            //- Inverse transform the given pointField
+        //- Inverse transform the given position
-            inline pointField invTransformPosition(const pointField& pts) const;
+        inline vector invTransformPosition(const vector& v) const;
 
-            //- Transform the given field
+        //- Inverse transform the given field of points
-            template<class Type>
+        inline pointField invTransformPosition(const pointField& pts) const;
-            tmp<Field<Type>> transform(const Field<Type>&) const;
+
+        //- Inplace inverse transform the given points
+        inline void invTransformPositionList(UList<point>& pts) const;
+
+        //- Transform the given field
+        template<class Type>
+        tmp<Field<Type>> transform(const Field<Type>& fld) const;
+
+        //- Inplace transform the given field
+        template<class Type>
+        void transformList(UList<Type>& fld) const;
 
 
     // Member Operators
@@ -196,18 +214,6 @@ inline vectorTensorTransform inv(const vectorTensorTransform& tr);
 //- Return a string representation of a vectorTensorTransform
 word name(const vectorTensorTransform&);
 
-//- Template specialisations
-template<>
-tmp<Field<bool>> vectorTensorTransform::transform(const Field<bool>&) const;
-
-template<>
-tmp<Field<label>> vectorTensorTransform::transform(const Field<label>&) const;
-
-template<>
-tmp<Field<scalar>> vectorTensorTransform::transform(const Field<scalar>&)
-const;
-
-
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Global Operators  * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
 inline bool operator==
@@ -262,7 +268,7 @@ inline vectorTensorTransform operator&
 #include "vectorTensorTransformI.H"
 
 #ifdef NoRepository
-    #include "vectorTensorTransformTemplates.C"
+    #include "vectorTensorTransform.txx"
 #endif
 
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //

src/OpenFOAM/primitives/globalIndexAndTransform/vectorTensorTransform/vectorTensorTransform.txx

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     Copyright (C) 2011-2016 OpenFOAM Foundation
+    Copyright (C) 2025 OpenCFD Ltd.
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
     This file is part of OpenFOAM.
@@ -33,9 +34,16 @@ Foam::tmp<Foam::Field<Type>> Foam::vectorTensorTransform::transform
     const Field<Type>& fld
 ) const
 {
-    if (hasR_)
+    if constexpr (is_rotational_vectorspace_v<Type>)
     {
-        return R() & fld;
+        if (hasR_)
+        {
+            return (R() & fld);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            return fld;
+        }
     }
     else
     {
@@ -44,4 +52,23 @@ Foam::tmp<Foam::Field<Type>> Foam::vectorTensorTransform::transform
 }
 
 
+template<class Type>
+void Foam::vectorTensorTransform::transformList
+(
+    UList<Type>& fld
+) const
+{
+    if constexpr (is_rotational_vectorspace_v<Type>)
+    {
+        if (hasR_)
+        {
+            for (auto& val : fld)
+            {
+                val = (R() & val);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+
 // ************************************************************************* //

src/OpenFOAM/primitives/globalIndexAndTransform/vectorTensorTransform/vectorTensorTransformI.H

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     Copyright (C) 2011-2016 OpenFOAM Foundation
+    Copyright (C) 2025 OpenCFD Ltd.
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
     This file is part of OpenFOAM.
@@ -66,35 +67,10 @@ inline Foam::vectorTensorTransform::vectorTensorTransform(const tensor& R)
 
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Member Functions  * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
-inline const Foam::vector& Foam::vectorTensorTransform::t() const
+inline Foam::tensor& Foam::vectorTensorTransform::R() noexcept
-{
-    return t_;
-}
-
-
-inline const Foam::tensor& Foam::vectorTensorTransform::R() const
-{
-    return R_;
-}
-
-
-inline bool Foam::vectorTensorTransform::hasR() const
-{
-    return hasR_;
-}
-
-
-inline Foam::vector& Foam::vectorTensorTransform::t()
-{
-    return t_;
-}
-
-
-inline Foam::tensor& Foam::vectorTensorTransform::R()
 {
     // Assume that non-const access to R changes it from I, so set
     // hasR to true
-
     hasR_ = true;
 
     return R_;
@@ -136,6 +112,28 @@ inline Foam::pointField Foam::vectorTensorTransform::transformPosition
 }
 
 
+inline void Foam::vectorTensorTransform::transformPositionList
+(
+    UList<point>& pts
+) const
+{
+    if (hasR_)
+    {
+        for (auto& p : pts)
+        {
+            p = t() + (R() & p);
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        for (auto& p : pts)
+        {
+            p += t();
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+
 inline Foam::vector Foam::vectorTensorTransform::invTransformPosition
 (
     const vector& v
@@ -171,6 +169,30 @@ inline Foam::pointField Foam::vectorTensorTransform::invTransformPosition
 }
 
 
+inline void Foam::vectorTensorTransform::invTransformPositionList
+(
+    UList<point>& pts
+) const
+{
+    if (hasR_)
+    {
+        const auto rot = R().T();
+
+        for (auto& p : pts)
+        {
+            p = (rot & (p - t()));
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        for (auto& p : pts)
+        {
+            p -= t();
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Member Operators  * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
 inline void Foam::vectorTensorTransform::operator&=

src/OpenFOAM/primitives/ranges/IntRange/IntRange.H

@@ -447,7 +447,7 @@ public:
             inline constexpr IntType operator-
             (
                 const const_reverse_iterator& iter
-            )const noexcept;
+            ) const noexcept;
 
 
         // Comparison

src/OpenFOAM/primitives/strings/lists/stringListOps.H

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     Copyright (C) 2011-2016 OpenFOAM Foundation
-    Copyright (C) 2017-2022 OpenCFD Ltd.
+    Copyright (C) 2017-2025 OpenCFD Ltd.
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
     This file is part of OpenFOAM.
@@ -370,12 +370,12 @@ labelList findMatching
     AccessOp aop = identityOp()
 );
 
-//- Return ids for items with matching names.
+//- Return ids for items with matching names,
-//  Uses a combination of allow and deny lists
+//- using a combination of allow and deny lists as per wordRes::filter
 //
-//  An empty 'allow' accepts everything not in 'deny'.
+//  An empty \em allow accepts everything not in \em deny.
-//  A literal 'allow' match has higher priority than any 'deny'.
+//  A literal \em allow match has higher priority than any \em deny.
-//  A regex 'allow' match has lower priority than any 'deny'.
+//  A regex \em allow match has lower priority than any \em deny.
 //
 //  Example (when applied to a list of words),
 //  \verbatim
@@ -386,7 +386,7 @@ labelList findMatching
 //     result:  (abc other val val1 wall1 wall2)
 //  \endverbatim
 //
-//  \return List indices for matches
+//  \returns identity list when allow/deny are both empty.
 template<class StringListType, class AccessOp = identityOp>
 labelList findMatching
 (

src/OpenFOAM/primitives/strings/lists/stringListOps.txx

@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ Foam::labelList Foam::stringListOps::findMatching
 
     if (pred.empty())
     {
-        // Accept all
+        // Fast-path: select all
         return identity(len);
     }
 
@@ -177,11 +177,10 @@ Foam::labelList Foam::stringListOps::findMatching
 {
     if (allow.empty() && deny.empty())
     {
-        // Accept all
+        // Fast-path: select all
         return identity(input.size());
     }
 
-    // Use combined accept/reject filter
     const wordRes::filter pred(allow, deny);
 
     return stringListOps::findMatching(input, pred, aop);

src/OpenFOAM/primitives/strings/wordRes/wordRes.H

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
     \\  /    A nd           | www.openfoam.com
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-    Copyright (C) 2016-2024 OpenCFD Ltd.
+    Copyright (C) 2016-2025 OpenCFD Ltd.
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
     This file is part of OpenFOAM.
@@ -99,7 +99,10 @@ public:
         //  No distinction made between literals and regular expressions.
         static wordRes uniq(const UList<wordRe>& input);
 
-        //- Test for a match
+        //- Test for a match of any selectors against the text.
+        //
+        //  \return \c false if no selectors are specified
+        //  \return \c true  if text matches \em any of the selectors
         inline static bool match
         (
             const UList<wordRe>& selectors,
@@ -197,9 +200,10 @@ public:
             //- No selectors defined
             inline bool empty() const noexcept;
 
-            //- True if text matches ANY of the selectors.
+            //- Apply matcher predicate
-            //- Always false if entries are empty.
+            //
-            //  Allows use as a predicate.
+            //  \return \c false if no selectors are specified
+            //  \return \c true  if text matches \em any of the selectors
             inline bool operator()(const std::string& text) const;
 
         private:
@@ -209,9 +213,10 @@ public:
 
         //- Functor wrapper of allow/deny lists of wordRe for filtering
         //
-        //  An empty 'allow' accepts everything not in 'deny'.
+        //  An empty filter accepts everything.
-        //  A literal 'allow' match has higher priority than any 'deny'.
+        //  An empty \em allow accepts everything not in \em deny.
-        //  A regex 'allow' match has lower priority than any 'deny'.
+        //  A literal \em allow match has higher priority than any \em deny.
+        //  A regex \em allow match has lower priority than any \em deny.
         //
         //  Example (when applied to a list of words),
         //  \verbatim
@@ -223,17 +228,23 @@ public:
         //  \endverbatim
         struct filter
         {
-            //- Construct with 'allow' and 'deny' matchers
+            //- Construct with \em allow and \em deny matchers
             inline filter
             (
                 const UList<wordRe>& allow,
                 const UList<wordRe>& deny
             ) noexcept;
 
-            //- Nothing defined
+            //- No filtering defined
             inline bool empty() const noexcept;
 
-            //- True if matched but not blocked
+            //- True if filtering is defined
+            explicit operator bool() const noexcept { return !empty(); }
+
+            //- Apply filter against specified text
+            //
+            //  \return \c true if no filtering has been defined
+            //  \return \c true if matched but not blocked
             inline bool operator()(const std::string& text) const;
 
         private:

src/OpenFOAM/primitives/strings/wordRes/wordResI.H

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
     \\  /    A nd           | www.openfoam.com
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-    Copyright (C) 2017-2022 OpenCFD Ltd.
+    Copyright (C) 2017-2025 OpenCFD Ltd.
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
     This file is part of OpenFOAM.
@@ -225,6 +225,7 @@ inline bool Foam::wordRes::matcher::empty() const noexcept
     return select_.empty();
 }
 
+
 inline bool Foam::wordRes::filter::empty() const noexcept
 {
     return (allow_.empty() && deny_.empty());
@@ -241,12 +242,14 @@ inline bool Foam::wordRes::filter::operator()(const std::string& text) const
 {
     if (allow_.empty())
     {
-        // No allow specified, so accept everything that is NOT blocked
+        // Did not specify allow
+        // => accept everything that is NOT blocked
         return (deny_.empty() || !wordRes::match(deny_, text));
     }
     else if (deny_.empty())
     {
-        // Nothing blocked, apply accept filter
+        // Specified allow but did not specify blocked
+        // => select with accept filter
         return wordRes::match(allow_, text);
     }
     else

src/Pstream/mpi/UPstream.C

@@ -1401,31 +1401,7 @@ Foam::UPstream::probeMessage
     int flag = 0;
     MPI_Status status;
 
-    if (UPstream::commsTypes::buffered == commsType)
+    if (UPstream::commsTypes::nonBlocking == commsType)
-    {
-        // Blocking
-        profilingPstream::beginTiming();
-
-        if
-        (
-            MPI_Probe
-            (
-                source,
-                tag,
-                PstreamGlobals::MPICommunicators_[communicator],
-                &status
-            )
-        )
-        {
-            FatalErrorInFunction
-                << "MPI_Probe returned with error"
-                << Foam::abort(FatalError);
-        }
-
-        profilingPstream::addProbeTime();
-        flag = 1;
-    }
-    else
     {
         // Non-blocking
         profilingPstream::beginTiming();
@@ -1437,8 +1413,8 @@ Foam::UPstream::probeMessage
                 source,
                 tag,
                 PstreamGlobals::MPICommunicators_[communicator],
-                &flag,
+               &flag,
-                &status
+               &status
             )
         )
         {
@@ -1449,6 +1425,30 @@ Foam::UPstream::probeMessage
 
         profilingPstream::addRequestTime();
     }
+    else
+    {
+        // Blocking
+        profilingPstream::beginTiming();
+
+        if
+        (
+            MPI_Probe
+            (
+                source,
+                tag,
+                PstreamGlobals::MPICommunicators_[communicator],
+               &status
+            )
+        )
+        {
+            FatalErrorInFunction
+                << "MPI_Probe returned with error"
+                << Foam::abort(FatalError);
+        }
+
+        profilingPstream::addProbeTime();
+        flag = 1;
+    }
 
     if (flag)
     {

src/dynamicMesh/polyTopoChange/polyTopoChange/removePoints.C

@@ -50,10 +50,9 @@ defineTypeNameAndDebug(removePoints, 0);
 template<class T, template<class> class CombineOp>
 class faceEqOp
 {
-
 public:
 
-    void operator()(List<T>& x, const List<T>& y) const
+    void operator()(List<T>& x, const UList<T>& y) const
     {
         if (y.size() > 0)
         {

src/dynamicMesh/polyTopoChange/polyTopoChange/tetDecomposer.C

@@ -294,9 +294,9 @@ void Foam::tetDecomposer::splitBoundaryFaces
     (
         mesh_,
         boundaryTris,
-        [](faceList& result, const faceList& input)
+        [](faceList& result, const UList<face>& input)
         {
-            if (!result.size())
+            if (result.empty())
             {
                 result = input;
             }
@@ -307,9 +307,9 @@ void Foam::tetDecomposer::splitBoundaryFaces
     (
         mesh_,
         boundaryQuads,
-        [](faceList& result, const faceList& input)
+        [](faceList& result, const UList<face>& input)
         {
-            if (!result.size())
+            if (result.empty())
             {
                 result = input;
             }

src/fileFormats/ensight/mesh/ensightMesh.C

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     Copyright (C) 2011-2016 OpenFOAM Foundation
-    Copyright (C) 2016-2024 OpenCFD Ltd.
+    Copyright (C) 2016-2025 OpenCFD Ltd.
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
     This file is part of OpenFOAM.
@@ -31,36 +31,13 @@ License
 #include "polyMesh.H"
 #include "emptyPolyPatch.H"
 #include "processorPolyPatch.H"
-#include "stringListOps.H"   // For stringListOps::findMatching()
+#include "ListOps.H"
 
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Static Data Members * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
 const Foam::label Foam::ensightMesh::internalZone = -1;
 
 
-// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Local Functions * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
-
-namespace Foam
-{
-
-// Patch names without processor patches
-static wordList nonProcessorPatchNames(const polyBoundaryMesh& bmesh)
-{
-    #ifdef FULLDEBUG
-    // Patches are output. Check that they are synced.
-    bmesh.checkParallelSync(true);
-    #endif
-
-    wordList patchNames(bmesh.names());
-    patchNames.resize(bmesh.nNonProcessor());
-
-    return patchNames;
-}
-
-
-} // End namespace Foam
-
-
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * * Private Member Functions  * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
 void Foam::ensightMesh::clear()
@@ -141,63 +118,69 @@ void Foam::ensightMesh::correct()
 {
     clear();
 
-    const wordRes& czMatcher = option().cellZoneSelection();
+    const auto& pbm = mesh_.boundaryMesh();
-    const wordRes& fzMatcher = option().faceZoneSelection();
 
-    // Possible cellZones
+    // Selected patch indices
-    const wordList czNames =
+    labelList patchIds;
-    (
+
+    if (option().useBoundaryMesh())
+    {
+        patchIds = pbm.indices
         (
-            option().useCellZones()
-         && (!czMatcher.empty() || option().useInternalMesh())
-        )
-      ? mesh_.cellZones().names()
-      : wordList()
-    );
-
-    const labelList czoneIds =
-    (
-        czMatcher.empty()
-      ? identity(czNames.size())        // All
-      : czMatcher.matching(czNames)     // Selected names
-    );
-
-
-    // Possible faceZones
-    const wordList fzNames =
-    (
-        option().useFaceZones()
-      ? mesh_.faceZones().names()
-      : wordList()
-    );
-
-    const labelList fzoneIds =
-    (
-        fzMatcher.empty()
-      ? identity(fzNames.size())        // All
-      : fzMatcher.matching(fzNames)     // Selected names
-    );
-
-
-    // Possible patchNames
-    const wordList patchNames =
-    (
-        option().useBoundaryMesh()
-      ? nonProcessorPatchNames(mesh_.boundaryMesh())
-      : wordList()
-    );
-
-    const labelList patchIds =
-    (
-        option().useBoundaryMesh()
-      ? stringListOps::findMatching
-        (
-            patchNames,
             option().patchSelection(),
             option().patchExclude()
-        )
+        );
-      : labelList()
+
-    );
+        // Prune undesirable patches - empty and processor patches
+        label count = 0;
+        for (const label patchi : patchIds)
+        {
+            const auto& pp = pbm[patchi];
+
+            if (isType<emptyPolyPatch>(pp))
+            {
+                continue;
+            }
+            else if (isA<processorPolyPatch>(pp))
+            {
+                break;  // No processor patches
+            }
+
+            patchIds[count] = patchi;
+            ++count;
+        }
+        patchIds.resize(count);
+    }
+
+
+    // Selection of cellZones
+    const auto& czMatcher = option().cellZoneSelection();
+
+    // Selected cell zone indices
+    labelList czoneIds;
+
+    if (option().useCellZones())
+    {
+        // Use allow/deny to have desired behaviour with empty selection
+        czoneIds = mesh_.cellZones().indices
+        (
+            option().cellZoneSelection(),
+            option().cellZoneExclude()
+        );
+    }
+
+    // Selected face zone indices
+    labelList fzoneIds;
+
+    if (option().useFaceZones())
+    {
+        // Use allow/deny to have desired behaviour with empty selection
+        fzoneIds = mesh_.faceZones().indices
+        (
+            option().faceZoneSelection(),
+            option().faceZoneExclude()
+        );
+    }
 
 
     // Track which cells are in a zone or not
@@ -210,8 +193,8 @@ void Foam::ensightMesh::correct()
     // cellZones first
     for (const label zoneId : czoneIds)
     {
-        const word& zoneName = czNames[zoneId];
+        const auto& zn = mesh_.cellZones()[zoneId];
-        const cellZone& zn = mesh_.cellZones()[zoneId];
+        const auto& zoneName = zn.name();
 
         if (returnReduceOr(!zn.empty()))
         {
@@ -323,7 +306,7 @@ void Foam::ensightMesh::correct()
         // Ensure full mesh coverage
         excludeFace.resize(mesh_.nFaces());
 
-        for (const polyPatch& p : mesh_.boundaryMesh())
+        for (const polyPatch& p : pbm)
         {
             const auto* cpp = isA<coupledPolyPatch>(p);
 
@@ -344,8 +327,8 @@ void Foam::ensightMesh::correct()
     // Patches
     for (const label patchId : patchIds)
     {
-        const word& patchName = patchNames[patchId];
+        const auto& p = pbm[patchId];
-        const polyPatch& p = mesh_.boundaryMesh()[patchId];
+        const auto& patchName = p.name();
 
         if (isA<emptyPolyPatch>(p))
         {
@@ -386,11 +369,10 @@ void Foam::ensightMesh::correct()
 
 
     // Face zones
-
     for (const label zoneId : fzoneIds)
     {
-        const word& zoneName = fzNames[zoneId];
+        const auto& zn = mesh_.faceZones()[zoneId];
-        const faceZone& zn = mesh_.faceZones()[zoneId];
+        const auto& zoneName = zn.name();
 
         ensightFaces& part = faceZoneParts_(zoneId);
 

src/fileFormats/ensight/mesh/ensightMesh.H

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     Copyright (C) 2011-2016 OpenFOAM Foundation
-    Copyright (C) 2016-2024 OpenCFD Ltd.
+    Copyright (C) 2016-2025 OpenCFD Ltd.
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
     This file is part of OpenFOAM.
@@ -292,34 +292,46 @@ public:
         //- Using boundary?
         bool useBoundaryMesh() const noexcept;
 
-        //- Using faceZones?
-        bool useFaceZones() const noexcept;
-
         //- Using cellZones?
         bool useCellZones() const noexcept;
 
+        //- Using faceZones?
+        bool useFaceZones() const noexcept;
+
         //- Selection of patches. Empty if unspecified.
         const wordRes& patchSelection() const noexcept
         {
             return patchInclude_;
         }
 
-        //- Selection of black listed patches. Empty if unspecified.
+        //- Excluded patches. Empty if unspecified.
         const wordRes& patchExclude() const noexcept
         {
             return patchExclude_;
         }
 
-        //- Selection of faceZones. Empty if unspecified.
+        //- Selection of cell zones. Empty if unspecified.
+        const wordRes& cellZoneSelection() const noexcept
+        {
+            return cellZoneInclude_;
+        }
+
+        //- Excluded cell zones. Future use
+        const wordRes& cellZoneExclude() const noexcept
+        {
+            return wordRes::null();
+        }
+
+        //- Selection of face zones. Empty if unspecified.
         const wordRes& faceZoneSelection() const noexcept
         {
             return faceZoneInclude_;
         }
 
-        //- Selection of faceZones. Empty if unspecified.
+        //- Excluded face zones. Future use
-        const wordRes& cellZoneSelection() const noexcept
+        const wordRes& faceZoneExclude() const noexcept
         {
-            return cellZoneInclude_;
+            return wordRes::null();
         }
 
 
@@ -356,18 +368,18 @@ public:
         //- Define patch selection to exclude
         void patchExclude(List<wordRe>&& patterns);
 
-        //- Define faceZone selection matcher
-        void faceZoneSelection(const UList<wordRe>& patterns);
-
-        //- Define faceZone selection matcher
-        void faceZoneSelection(List<wordRe>&& patterns);
-
         //- Define cellZone selection matcher
         void cellZoneSelection(const UList<wordRe>& patterns);
 
         //- Define cellZone selection matcher
         void cellZoneSelection(List<wordRe>&& patterns);
 
+        //- Define faceZone selection matcher
+        void faceZoneSelection(const UList<wordRe>& patterns);
+
+        //- Define faceZone selection matcher
+        void faceZoneSelection(List<wordRe>&& patterns);
+
 
     // Output
 

src/finiteArea/faMesh/faBoundaryMesh/faBoundaryMesh.C

@@ -88,7 +88,11 @@ void Foam::faBoundaryMesh::calcGroupIDs() const
     // Remove groups that clash with patch names
     forAll(patches, patchi)
     {
-        if (groupLookup.erase(patches[patchi].name()))
+        if (groupLookup.empty())
+        {
+            break;  // Early termination
+        }
+        else if (groupLookup.erase(patches[patchi].name()))
         {
             WarningInFunction
                 << "Removed group '" << patches[patchi].name()
@@ -584,7 +588,7 @@ Foam::labelList Foam::faBoundaryMesh::indices
     // Only check groups if requested and they exist
     const bool checkGroups = (useGroups && this->hasGroupIDs());
 
-    labelHashSet ids(0);
+    labelHashSet ids;
 
     if (matcher.isPattern())
     {
@@ -597,7 +601,7 @@ Foam::labelList Foam::faBoundaryMesh::indices
             {
                 if (matcher(iter.key()))
                 {
-                    // Add patch ids associated with the group
+                    // Add ids associated with the group
                     ids.insert(iter.val());
                 }
             }
@@ -629,7 +633,7 @@ Foam::labelList Foam::faBoundaryMesh::indices
 
             if (iter.good())
             {
-                // Add patch ids associated with the group
+                // Add ids associated with the group
                 ids.insert(iter.val());
             }
         }
@@ -654,7 +658,7 @@ Foam::labelList Foam::faBoundaryMesh::indices
         return this->indices(matcher.front(), useGroups);
     }
 
-    labelHashSet ids(0);
+    labelHashSet ids;
 
     // Only check groups if requested and they exist
     if (useGroups && this->hasGroupIDs())
@@ -666,7 +670,7 @@ Foam::labelList Foam::faBoundaryMesh::indices
         {
             if (matcher(iter.key()))
             {
-                // Add patch ids associated with the group
+                // Add ids associated with the group
                 ids.insert(iter.val());
             }
         }
@@ -687,19 +691,20 @@ Foam::labelList Foam::faBoundaryMesh::indices
 
 Foam::labelList Foam::faBoundaryMesh::indices
 (
-    const wordRes& select,
+    const wordRes& allow,
-    const wordRes& ignore,
+    const wordRes& deny,
     const bool useGroups
 ) const
 {
-    if (ignore.empty())
+    if (allow.empty() && deny.empty())
     {
-        return this->indices(select, useGroups);
+        // Fast-path: select all
+        return identity(this->size());
     }
 
-    const wordRes::filter matcher(select, ignore);
+    const wordRes::filter matcher(allow, deny);
 
-    labelHashSet ids(0);
+    labelHashSet ids;
 
     // Only check groups if requested and they exist
     if (useGroups && this->hasGroupIDs())
@@ -711,7 +716,7 @@ Foam::labelList Foam::faBoundaryMesh::indices
         {
             if (matcher(iter.key()))
             {
-                // Add patch ids associated with the group
+                // Add ids associated with the group
                 ids.insert(iter.val());
             }
         }

src/finiteArea/faMesh/faBoundaryMesh/faBoundaryMesh.H

@@ -28,7 +28,9 @@ Class
     Foam::faBoundaryMesh
 
 Description
-    Finite area boundary mesh
+    Finite area boundary mesh, which is a faPatch list with registered IO,
+    a reference to the associated faMesh,
+    with additional search methods etc.
 
 SourceFiles
     faBoundaryMesh.C
@@ -222,34 +224,37 @@ public:
         labelRange range() const;
 
 
-        //- Return (sorted) patch indices for all matches.
+        //- The (sorted) patch indices for all matches,
-        //  Optionally matches patch groups.
+        //- optionally matching patch groups.
-        //  A no-op (returns empty list) for an empty matcher
+        //  \returns an empty list for an empty matcher
         labelList indices
         (
             const wordRe& matcher,
             const bool useGroups = true
         ) const;
 
-        //- Return (sorted) patch indices for all matches.
+        //- The (sorted) patch indices for all matches,
-        //  Optionally matches patch groups.
+        //- optionally matching patch groups.
-        //  A no-op (returns empty list) for an empty matcher
+        //  \returns an empty list for an empty matcher
         labelList indices
         (
             const wordRes& matcher,
             const bool useGroups = true
         ) const;
 
-        //- Return (sorted) patch indices for all selected matches that
+        //- The (sorted) patch indices: logic as per Foam::wordRes::filter,
-        //- are not ignored.
+        //- optionally matching patch groups.
-        //- The selection logic as per Foam::wordRes::filter.
+        //
-        //  Optionally matches patch groups.
+        //  An empty \em allow accepts everything not in \em deny.
-        //  A no-op (returns empty list) for an empty select matcher
+        //  A literal \em allow match has higher priority than any \em deny.
+        //  A regex \em allow match has lower priority than any \em deny.
+        //
+        //  \returns identity list when allow/deny are both empty.
         labelList indices
         (
-            const wordRes& select,
+            const wordRes& allow,
-            const wordRes& ignore,
+            const wordRes& deny,
-            const bool useGroups = true
+            const bool useGroups = true  //!< Match patch groups
         ) const;
 
         //- Return patch index for the first match, return -1 if not found

src/finiteArea/fields/faPatchFields/basic/transform/transformFaPatchField.C

@@ -86,7 +86,15 @@ Foam::transformFaPatchField<Type>::valueInternalCoeffs
     const tmp<scalarField>&
 ) const
 {
-    return pTraits<Type>::one - snGradTransformDiag();
+    // OR (!is_rotational_vectorspace_v<Type>)
+    if constexpr (std::is_arithmetic_v<Type>)
+    {
+        return tmp<Field<Type>>::New(this->size(), pTraits<Type>::one);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        return pTraits<Type>::one - snGradTransformDiag();
+    }
 }
 
 
@@ -111,7 +119,15 @@ template<class Type>
 Foam::tmp<Foam::Field<Type>>
 Foam::transformFaPatchField<Type>::gradientInternalCoeffs() const
 {
-    return -this->patch().deltaCoeffs()*snGradTransformDiag();
+    // OR (!is_rotational_vectorspace_v<Type>)
+    if constexpr (std::is_arithmetic_v<Type>)
+    {
+        return tmp<Field<Type>>::New(this->size(), Foam::zero{});
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        return -this->patch().deltaCoeffs()*snGradTransformDiag();
+    }
 }
 
 

src/finiteArea/fields/faPatchFields/faPatchField/faPatchField.C

@@ -255,6 +255,7 @@ void Foam::faPatchField<Type>::evaluate(const Pstream::commsTypes)
     }
 
     faPatchFieldBase::setUpdated(false);
+    faPatchFieldBase::setManipulated(false);
 }
 
 

src/finiteArea/fields/faPatchFields/faPatchField/faPatchField.H

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     Copyright (C) 2016-2017 Wikki Ltd
-    Copyright (C) 2019-2024 OpenCFD Ltd.
+    Copyright (C) 2019-2025 OpenCFD Ltd.
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
     This file is part of OpenFOAM.
@@ -226,6 +226,17 @@ public:
             updated_ = state;
         }
 
+        //- True if the matrix has already been manipulated.
+        //- Currently always false for faPatchField
+        bool manipulatedMatrix() const noexcept
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        //- Set matrix manipulated state. Currently a no-op for faPatchField
+        void setManipulated(bool state) noexcept
+        {}
+
 
     // Check
 
@@ -254,6 +265,9 @@ public:
         //- The value_type for the patch field
         typedef Type value_type;
 
+        //- The component type for patch field
+        typedef typename pTraits<Type>::cmptType cmptType;
+
         //- The internal field type associated with the patch field
         typedef DimensionedField<Type, areaMesh> Internal;
 

src/finiteArea/fields/faePatchFields/faePatchField/faePatchField.H

@@ -98,14 +98,6 @@ protected:
         //  Useful when initially constructed without a dictionary
         virtual void readDict(const dictionary& dict);
 
-        //- Set updated state. This is a no-op for faePatchField
-        void setUpdated(bool state) noexcept
-        {}
-
-        //- Set matrix manipulated state. This is a no-op for faePatchField
-        void setManipulated(bool state) noexcept
-        {}
-
 
 public:
 
@@ -211,13 +203,22 @@ public:
             return true;
         }
 
+        //- Set updated state. This is a no-op for faePatchField
+        void setUpdated(bool state) noexcept
+        {}
+
         //- True if the matrix has already been manipulated.
-        //- Currently ignored (always false) for faePatchField
+        //- Always false for faePatchField
         bool manipulatedMatrix() const noexcept
         {
             return false;
         }
 
+        //- Set matrix manipulated state.
+        //- This is a no-op for faePatchField
+        void setManipulated(bool state) noexcept
+        {}
+
 
     // Check
 
@@ -246,6 +247,9 @@ public:
         //- The value_type for the patch field
         typedef Type value_type;
 
+        //- The component type for patch field
+        typedef typename pTraits<Type>::cmptType cmptType;
+
         //- The internal field type associated with the patch field
         typedef DimensionedField<Type, edgeMesh> Internal;
 

src/finiteVolume/fields/fvPatchFields/basic/transform/transformFvPatchField.C

@@ -97,7 +97,15 @@ Foam::transformFvPatchField<Type>::valueInternalCoeffs
     const tmp<scalarField>&
 ) const
 {
-    return pTraits<Type>::one - snGradTransformDiag();
+    // OR (!is_rotational_vectorspace_v<Type>)
+    if constexpr (std::is_arithmetic_v<Type>)
+    {
+        return tmp<Field<Type>>::New(this->size(), pTraits<Type>::one);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        return pTraits<Type>::one - snGradTransformDiag();
+    }
 }
 
 
@@ -122,7 +130,15 @@ template<class Type>
 Foam::tmp<Foam::Field<Type>>
 Foam::transformFvPatchField<Type>::gradientInternalCoeffs() const
 {
-    return -this->patch().deltaCoeffs()*snGradTransformDiag();
+    // OR (!is_rotational_vectorspace_v<Type>)
+    if constexpr (std::is_arithmetic_v<Type>)
+    {
+        return tmp<Field<Type>>::New(this->size(), Foam::zero{});
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        return -this->patch().deltaCoeffs()*snGradTransformDiag();
+    }
 }