openfoam/applications/solvers/incompressible/adjointShapeOptimizationFoam/createFields.H

    Info<< "Reading field p\n" << endl;
    volScalarField p
    (
        IOobject
        (
            "p",
            runTime.timeName(),
            mesh,
            IOobject::MUST_READ,
            IOobject::AUTO_WRITE
        ),
        mesh
    );

    Info<< "Reading field U\n" << endl;
    volVectorField U
    (
        IOobject
        (
            "U",
            runTime.timeName(),
            mesh,
            IOobject::MUST_READ,
            IOobject::AUTO_WRITE
        ),
        mesh
    );

    #include "createPhi.H"


    label pRefCell = 0;
    scalar pRefValue = 0.0;
    setRefCell(p, mesh.solutionDict().subDict("SIMPLE"), pRefCell, pRefValue);


    Info<< "Reading field pa\n" << endl;
    volScalarField pa
    (
        IOobject
        (
            "pa",
            runTime.timeName(),
            mesh,
            IOobject::MUST_READ,
            IOobject::AUTO_WRITE
        ),
        mesh
    );

    Info<< "Reading field Ua\n" << endl;
    volVectorField Ua
    (
        IOobject
        (
            "Ua",
            runTime.timeName(),
            mesh,
            IOobject::MUST_READ,
            IOobject::AUTO_WRITE
        ),
        mesh
    );

    #include "createPhia.H"


    label paRefCell = 0;
    scalar paRefValue = 0.0;
    setRefCell
    (
        pa,
        mesh.solutionDict().subDict("SIMPLE"),
        paRefCell,
        paRefValue
    );


    singlePhaseTransportModel laminarTransport(U, phi);

    autoPtr<incompressible::RASModel> turbulence
    (
        incompressible::RASModel::New(U, phi, laminarTransport)
    );


    dimensionedScalar zeroSensitivity("0", dimVelocity*dimVelocity, 0.0);
    dimensionedScalar zeroAlpha("0", dimless/dimTime, 0.0);

    dimensionedScalar lambda(laminarTransport.lookup("lambda"));
    dimensionedScalar alphaMax(laminarTransport.lookup("alphaMax"));

    const labelList& inletCells = mesh.boundary()["inlet"].faceCells();
    //const labelList& outletCells = mesh.boundary()["outlet"].faceCells();

    volScalarField alpha
    (
        IOobject
        (
            "alpha",
            runTime.timeName(),
            mesh,
            IOobject::READ_IF_PRESENT,
            IOobject::AUTO_WRITE
        ),
        lambda*max(Ua & U, zeroSensitivity)
    );
    zeroCells(alpha, inletCells);
    //zeroCells(alpha, outletCells);