-
+
+
+ particles are colored according to their velocity
+
# Setting up the Case
-As it has been explained in the previous cases, the simulation case setup is based on text-based scripts. Here, the simulation case setup are sotred in two folders: `caseSetup`, `setting`. (see the above folders). Unlike the previous cases, this case does not have the `stl` file. and the geometry is described in the `geometryDict` file.
+As it has been explained in the previous cases, the simulation case setup is based on text-based scripts. Here, the simulation case setup files are stored into two folders: `caseSetup`, `setting` (see the above folders). Unlike the previous cases, this case does not have the `stl` file and the surfaces are defined based on the built-in utilities in phasicFlow. See next the section for more information on how we can setup the geometry and its rotation.
-## Defining particles
-Then in the `caseSetup/sphereShape` the diameter and the material name of the particles are defined.
-```C++
-// names of shapes
-names (sphere1);
-// diameter of shapes (m)
-diameters (0.004);
-// material names for shapes
-materials (prop1);
-```
-## Particle Insertion
-In this case we have a region for ordering particles. These particles are placed in this blender. For example the script for the inserted particles is shown below.
+## Geometry
-
-in caseSetup/particleInsertion file
-
+### Defining rotation axis
+In file `settings/geometryDict` the information of rotating axis and speed of rotation are defined. The rotation of this blender starts at time=**0.5 s** and ends at time=**9.5 s**.
-```C++
-// positions particles
-positionParticles
-{
-// ordered positioning
- method positionOrdered;
-// maximum number of particles in the simulation
- maxNumberOfParticles 40000;
-// perform initial sorting based on morton code?
- mortonSorting Yes;
-// cylinder for positioning particles
- cylinder
- {
-// Coordinates of top cylinderRegion (m,m,m)
- p1 (0.05 0.0 0.12);
- p2 (0.05 0.0 0.22);
-// radius of cylinder
- radius 0.066;
- }
-
- positionOrderedInfo
- {
-// minimum space between centers of particles
- diameter 0.003;
-// number of particles in the simulation
- numPoints 20000;
-// axis order for filling the space with particles
- axisOrder (z y x);
- }
-}
-```
- ## Interaction between particles
- In `caseSetup/interaction` file, material names and properties and interaction parameters are defined: interaction between the particles of rotating drum. Since we are defining 1 material for simulation, the interaction matrix is 1x1 (interactions are symetric).
-```C++
- // a list of materials names
-materials (prop1);
-// density of materials [kg/m3]
-densities (1000.0);
-
-contactListType sortedContactList;
-
-model
-{
- contactForceModel nonLinearNonLimited;
- rollingFrictionModel normal;
- /*
- Property (prop1-prop1);
- */
-// Young modulus [Pa]
- Yeff (1.0e6);
-// Shear modulus [Pa]
- Geff (0.8e6);
-// Poisson's ratio [-]
- nu (0.25);
-// coefficient of normal restitution
- en (0.7);
-// coefficient of tangential restitution
- et (1.0);
-// dynamic friction
- mu (0.3);
-// rolling friction
- mur (0.1);
-
-}
-```
-## Settings
-### Geometry
-In the `settings/geometryDict` file, the geometry and axis of rotation is defined for the drum. The geometry is composed of a cylinder inlet and outlet, cone shell top and down, a cylinder shell and enter and exit Gate.
-```C++
-surfaces
-{
- topGate
- topGate
- {
- // type of wall
- type cylinderWall;
- // begin point of cylinder axis
- p1 (0.0 0.0 0.299);
- // end point of cylinder axis
- p2 (0.0 0.0 0.3);
- // radius at p1
- radius1 0.03;
- // radius at p2
- radius2 0.0001;
- // material of wall
- material solidProperty;
- // motion component name
- motion axisOfRotation;
- }
-
- topCylinder
- {
- // type of the wall
- type cylinderWall;
- // begin point of cylinder axis
- p1 (0.0 0.0 0.28);
- // end point of cylinder axis
- p2 (0.0 0.0 0.3);
- // radius at p1
- radius1 0.03;
- // radius at p2
- radius2 0.03;
- // number of divisions
- resolution 36;
- // material name of this wall
- material prop1;
- // motion component name
- motion axisOfRotation;
- }
-
- coneShelltop
- {
- // type of the wall
- type cylinderWall;
- // begin point of cylinder axis
- p1 (0.0 0.0 0.2);
- // end point of cylinder axis
- p2 (0.0 0.0 0.28);
- // radius at p1
- radius1 0.1;
- // radius at p2
- radius2 0.03;
- // number of divisions
- resolution 36;
- // material name of this wall
- material prop1;
- // motion component name
- motion axisOfRotation;
- }
-
- cylinderShell
- {
- // type of the wall
- type cylinderWall;
- // begin point of cylinder axis
- p1 (0.0 0.0 0.1);
- // end point of cylinder axis
- p2 (0.0 0.0 0.2);
- // radius at p1
- radius1 0.1;
- // radius at p2
- radius2 0.1;
- // number of divisions
- resolution 36;
- // material name of this wall
- material prop1;
- // motion component name
- motion axisOfRotation;
- }
-
- coneShelldown
- {
- // type of the wall
- type cylinderWall;
- // begin point of cylinder axis
- p1 (0.0 0.0 0.02);
- // end point of cylinder axis
- p2 (0.0 0.0 0.1);
- // radius at p1
- radius1 0.03;
- // radius at p2
- radius2 0.1;
- // number of divisions
- resolution 36;
- // material name of this wall
- material prop1;
- // motion component name
- motion axisOfRotation;
- }
- /*
- This is a plane wall at the exit of silo
- */
-
- bottomCylinder
- {
- // type of the wall
- type cylinderWall;
- // begin point of cylinder axis
- p1 (0.0 0.0 0.0);
- // end point of cylinder axis
- p2 (0.0 0.0 0.02);
- // radius at p1
- radius1 0.03;
- // radius at p2
- radius2 0.03;
- // number of divisions
- resolution 36;
- // material name of this wall
- material prop1;
- // motion component name
- motion axisOfRotation;
- }
- exitGate
- {
- type planeWall;
- p1 (-0.05 -0.05 0);
- p2 (-0.05 0.05 0);
- p3 ( 0.05 0.05 0);
- p4 (0.05 -0.05 0);
- material prop1;
- motion axisOfRotation;
- }
-
-}
-```
-### Rotating Axis Info
-In this part of `geometryDict` the information of rotating axis and speed of rotation are defined. Unlike the previous cases, the rotation of this blender starts at time=**0 s**.
```C++
// information for rotatingAxisMotion motion model
rotatingAxisMotionInfo
@@ -247,19 +31,326 @@ rotatingAxisMotionInfo
axisOfRotation
{
p1 (-0.1 0.0 0.15); // first point for the axis of rotation
- p2 (0.1 0.0 0.15); // second point for the axis of rotation
+ p2 ( 0.1 0.0 0.15); // second point for the axis of rotation
+
omega 1.5708; // rotation speed ==> 15 rad/s
- // Start time of Geometry Rotating (s)
- startTime 1;
- // End time of Geometry Rotating (s)
+
+ // Start time of Geometry Rotating (s)
+ startTime 0.5;
+
+ // End time of Geometry Rotating (s)
endTime 9.5;
}
}
```
-## Performing Simulation
+
+
+### Surfaces
+In `settings/geometryDict` file, the surfaces and motion component of each surface are defined to form a rotating tote-blender. The geometry is composed of top and bottom cylinders, top and bottom cones, a cylindrical shell and top and bottom Gates.
+
+```C++
+surfaces
+{
+
+ topGate
+ {
+ // type of wall
+ type cylinderWall;
+
+ // begin point of cylinder axis
+ p1 (0.0 0.0 0.3);
+
+ // end point of cylinder axis
+ p2 (0.0 0.0 0.301);
+
+ // radius at p1
+ radius1 0.03;
+
+ // radius at p2
+ radius2 0.0001;
+
+ // material of wall
+ material solidProperty;
+
+ // motion component name
+ motion axisOfRotation;
+ }
+
+ topCylinder
+ {
+ // type of the wall
+ type cylinderWall;
+
+ // begin point of cylinder axis
+ p1 (0.0 0.0 0.28);
+
+ // end point of cylinder axis
+ p2 (0.0 0.0 0.3);
+
+ // radius at p1
+ radius1 0.03;
+
+ // radius at p2
+ radius2 0.03;
+
+ // number of divisions
+ resolution 36;
+
+ // material name of this wall
+ material solidProperty;
+
+ // motion component name
+ motion axisOfRotation;
+ }
+
+ coneShelltop
+ {
+ // type of the wall
+ type cylinderWall;
+
+ // begin point of cylinder axis
+ p1 (0.0 0.0 0.2);
+
+ // end point of cylinder axis
+ p2 (0.0 0.0 0.28);
+
+ // radius at p1
+ radius1 0.1;
+
+ // radius at p2
+ radius2 0.03;
+
+ // number of divisions
+ resolution 36;
+
+ // material name of this wall
+ material solidProperty;
+
+ // motion component name
+ motion axisOfRotation;
+ }
+
+ cylinderShell
+ {
+ // type of the wall
+ type cylinderWall;
+
+ // begin point of cylinder axis
+ p1 (0.0 0.0 0.1);
+
+ // end point of cylinder axis
+ p2 (0.0 0.0 0.2);
+
+ // radius at p1
+ radius1 0.1;
+
+ // radius at p2
+ radius2 0.1;
+
+ // number of divisions
+ resolution 36;
+
+ // material name of this wall
+ material solidProperty;
+
+ // motion component name
+ motion axisOfRotation;
+ }
+
+ coneShelldown
+ {
+
+ // type of the wall
+ type cylinderWall;
+
+ // begin point of cylinder axis
+ p1 (0.0 0.0 0.02);
+
+ // end point of cylinder axis
+ p2 (0.0 0.0 0.1);
+
+ // radius at p1
+ radius1 0.03;
+
+ // radius at p2
+ radius2 0.1;
+
+ // number of divisions
+ resolution 36;
+
+ // material name of this wall
+ material solidProperty;
+
+ // motion component name
+ motion axisOfRotation;
+ }
+
+ bottomCylinder
+ {
+ // type of the wall
+ type cylinderWall;
+
+ // begin point of cylinder axis
+ p1 (0.0 0.0 0.0);
+
+ // end point of cylinder axis
+ p2 (0.0 0.0 0.02);
+
+ // radius at p1
+ radius1 0.03;
+
+ // radius at p2
+ radius2 0.03;
+
+ // number of divisions
+ resolution 36;
+
+ // material name of this wall
+ material solidProperty;
+
+ // motion component name
+ motion axisOfRotation;
+ }
+
+ exitGate
+ {
+
+ // type of the wall
+ type cylinderWall;
+
+ // begin point of cylinder axis
+ p1 (0.0 0.0 -0.001);
+
+ // end point of cylinder axis
+ p2 (0.0 0.0 0.0);
+
+ // radius at p1
+ radius1 0.03;
+
+ // radius at p2
+ radius2 0.0001;
+
+ // number of divisions
+ resolution 36;
+
+ // material name of this wall
+ material solidProperty;
+
+ // motion component name
+ motion axisOfRotation;
+ }
+
+}
+```
+
+## Defining particles
+### Diameter and material of spheres
+In the `caseSetup/sphereShape` the diameter and the material name of the particles are defined.
+
+
+in caseSetup/sphereShape file
+
+
+```C++
+// name of shapes
+names (sphere1);
+
+// diameter of shapes (m)
+diameters (0.005);
+
+// material name for shapes
+materials (solidProperty);
+```
+### Particle positioning before start of simulation
+Particles are positioned before the start of simulation. The positioning can be ordered or random. Here we use ordered positioning. 24000 particles are positioned in a cylinderical region inside the tote-blender.
+
+
+in settings/particlesDict file
+
+
+```C++
+// positions particles
+positionParticles
+{
+ // ordered positioning
+ method positionOrdered;
+
+ // maximum number of particles in the simulation
+ maxNumberOfParticles 25001;
+
+ // perform initial sorting based on morton code?
+ mortonSorting Yes;
+
+ // cylinderical region for positioning particles
+ cylinder
+ {
+ p1 (0.0 0.0 0.09);
+ p2 (0.0 0.0 0.21);
+ radius 0.09;
+ }
+
+ positionOrderedInfo
+ {
+ // minimum space between centers of particles
+ diameter 0.005;
+
+ // number of particles in the simulation
+ numPoints 24000;
+
+ // axis order for filling the space with particles
+ axisOrder (x y z);
+ }
+}
+```
+
+ ## Interaction between particles
+ In `caseSetup/interaction` file, material names and properties and interaction parameters are defined. Since we are defining 1 material type in the simulation, the interaction matrix is 1x1 (interactions are symmetric).
+```C++
+ // a list of materials names
+materials (solidProperty);
+
+// density of materials [kg/m3]
+densities (1000.0);
+
+contactListType sortedContactList;
+
+model
+{
+ contactForceModel nonLinearNonLimited;
+
+ rollingFrictionModel normal;
+
+ /*
+ Property (solidProperty-solidProperty);
+ */
+
+ // Young modulus [Pa]
+ Yeff (1.0e6);
+
+ // Shear modulus [Pa]
+ Geff (0.8e6);
+
+ // Poisson's ratio [-]
+ nu (0.25);
+
+ // coefficient of normal restitution
+ en (0.7);
+
+ // coefficient of tangential restitution
+ et (1.0);
+
+ // dynamic friction
+ mu (0.3);
+
+ // rolling friction
+ mur (0.1);
+}
+```
+
+# Performing Simulation and previewing the results
To perform simulations, enter the following commands one after another in the terminal.
Enter `$ particlesPhasicFlow` command to create the initial fields for particles.
-Enter `$ geometryPhasicFlow` command to create the Geometry.
+Enter `$ geometryPhasicFlow` command to create the geometry.
At last, enter `$ sphereGranFlow` command to start the simulation.
-After finishing the simulation, you can use `$ pFlowtoVTK` to convert the results into vtk format storred in ./VTK folder.
\ No newline at end of file
+After finishing the simulation, you can use `$ pFlowtoVTK` to convert the results into vtk format stored in ./VTK folder.