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Merge branch 'develop' of https://github.com/lammps/lammps into bosonic-pimd-langevin

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This commit is contained in:
yotamfe
2024-03-25 17:54:56 +02:00
parent ba8d1587d4 810ae3cc45
commit 623bf2dddb
2335 changed files with 106629 additions and 53658 deletions
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11
.github/CODEOWNERS vendored
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@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ src/MESONT/* @iafoss
src/ML-HDNNP/* @singraber
src/ML-IAP/* @athomps
src/ML-PACE/* @yury-lysogorskiy
src/ML-POD/* @exapde @rohskopf
src/ML-POD/* @exapde
src/MOFFF/* @hheenen
src/MOLFILE/* @akohlmey
src/NETCDF/* @pastewka
@ -65,9 +65,12 @@ src/MANYBODY/pair_nb3b_screened.* @flodesani
src/REPLICA/*_grem.* @dstelter92
src/EXTRA-COMPUTE/compute_stress_mop*.* @RomainVermorel
src/EXTRA-COMPUTE/compute_born_matrix.* @Bibobu @athomps
src/EXTRA-FIX/fix_deform_pressure.* @jtclemm
src/MISC/*_tracker.* @jtclemm
src/MC/fix_gcmc.* @athomps
src/MC/fix_sgcmc.* @athomps
src/REAXFF/compute_reaxff_atom.* @rbberger
src/KOKKOS/compute_reaxff_atom_kokkos.* @rbberger
src/REPLICA/fix_pimd_langevin.* @Yi-FanLi
# core LAMMPS classes
@ -153,12 +156,12 @@ tools/vim/* @hammondkd
unittest/* @akohlmey
# cmake
cmake/* @rbberger
cmake/* @akohlmey
cmake/Modules/LAMMPSInterfacePlugin.cmake @akohlmey
cmake/Modules/MPI4WIN.cmake @akohlmey
cmake/Modules/OpenCLLoader.cmake @akohlmey
cmake/Modules/Packages/COLVARS.cmake @rbberger @giacomofiorin
cmake/Modules/Packages/KIM.cmake @rbberger @ellio167
cmake/Modules/Packages/COLVARS.cmake @giacomofiorin
cmake/Modules/Packages/KIM.cmake @ellio167
cmake/presets/*.cmake @akohlmey
# python

6
.github/workflows/codeql-analysis.yml vendored
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@ -30,12 +30,12 @@ jobs:
fetch-depth: 2
- name: Setup Python
uses: actions/setup-python@v4
uses: actions/setup-python@v5
with:
python-version: '3.x'
- name: Initialize CodeQL
uses: github/codeql-action/init@v2
uses: github/codeql-action/init@v3
with:
languages: ${{ matrix.language }}
config-file: ./.github/codeql/${{ matrix.language }}.yml
@ -55,4 +55,4 @@ jobs:
cmake --build . --parallel 2
- name: Perform CodeQL Analysis
uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@v2
uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@v3

2
.github/workflows/compile-msvc.yml vendored
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@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ jobs:
fetch-depth: 2
- name: Select Python version
uses: actions/setup-python@v4
uses: actions/setup-python@v5
with:
python-version: '3.11'

8
.github/workflows/coverity.yml vendored
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@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ jobs:
- name: Cache Coverity
id: cache-coverity
uses: actions/cache@v3
uses: actions/cache@v4
with:
path: ./download/
key: ${{ runner.os }}-download-${{ hashFiles('**/coverity_tool.*') }}
@ -59,16 +59,13 @@ jobs:
-D BUILD_SHARED_LIBS=on \
-D LAMMPS_SIZES=SMALLBIG \
-D LAMMPS_EXCEPTIONS=off \
-D PKG_MESSAGE=on \
-D PKG_MPIIO=on \
-D PKG_ATC=on \
-D PKG_AWPMD=on \
-D PKG_BOCS=on \
-D PKG_EFF=on \
-D PKG_H5MD=on \
-D PKG_INTEL=on \
-D PKG_LATBOLTZ=on \
-D PKG_MANIFOLD=on \
-D PKG_MDI=on \
-D PKG_MGPT=on \
-D PKG_ML-PACE=on \
-D PKG_ML-RANN=on \
@ -77,7 +74,6 @@ jobs:
-D PKG_PTM=on \
-D PKG_QTB=on \
-D PKG_SMTBQ=on \
-D PKG_TALLY=on \
../cmake
- name: Run Coverity Scan

2
.github/workflows/unittest-macos.yml vendored
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@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ jobs:
run: mkdir build
- name: Set up ccache
uses: actions/cache@v3
uses: actions/cache@v4
with:
path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
key: macos-ccache-${{ github.sha }}

113
cmake/CMakeLists.txt
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@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
########################################
# CMake build system
# This file is part of LAMMPS
# Created by Christoph Junghans and Richard Berger
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.16)
########################################
# set policy to silence warnings about ignoring <PackageName>_ROOT but use it
@ -106,7 +105,7 @@ if(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID STREQUAL "Intel")
if(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_VERSION VERSION_EQUAL 17.3 OR CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_VERSION VERSION_EQUAL 17.4)
set(CMAKE_TUNE_DEFAULT "-xCOMMON-AVX512")
else()
set(CMAKE_TUNE_DEFAULT "-xHost -fp-model fast=2 -no-prec-div -qoverride-limits -diag-disable=10441 -diag-disable=2196")
set(CMAKE_TUNE_DEFAULT "-xHost -fp-model fast=2 -no-prec-div -qoverride-limits -diag-disable=10441 -diag-disable=11074 -diag-disable=11076 -diag-disable=2196")
endif()
endif()
endif()
@ -121,6 +120,19 @@ if((CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID STREQUAL "NVHPC") OR (CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID STREQUAL "
set(CMAKE_TUNE_DEFAULT "-Minform=severe")
endif()
# this hack is required to compile fmt lib with CrayClang version 15.0.2
# CrayClang is only directly recognized by version 3.28 and later
if(CMAKE_VERSION VERSION_LESS 3.28)
get_filename_component(_exe "${CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER}" NAME)
if((CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID STREQUAL "Clang") AND (_exe STREQUAL "crayCC"))
set(CMAKE_TUNE_DEFAULT "-DFMT_STATIC_THOUSANDS_SEPARATOR")
endif()
else()
if(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID STREQUAL "CrayClang")
set(CMAKE_TUNE_DEFAULT "-DFMT_STATIC_THOUSANDS_SEPARATOR")
endif()
endif()
# silence nvcc warnings
if((PKG_KOKKOS) AND (Kokkos_ENABLE_CUDA) AND NOT (CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID STREQUAL "Clang"))
set(CMAKE_TUNE_DEFAULT "${CMAKE_TUNE_DEFAULT} -Xcudafe --diag_suppress=unrecognized_pragma")
@ -210,6 +222,10 @@ endif()
add_executable(lmp ${MAIN_SOURCES})
target_link_libraries(lmp PRIVATE lammps)
set_target_properties(lmp PROPERTIES OUTPUT_NAME ${LAMMPS_BINARY})
# re-export all symbols for plugins
if(PKG_PLUGIN AND (NOT ((CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME STREQUAL "Windows"))))
set_target_properties(lmp PROPERTIES ENABLE_EXPORTS TRUE)
endif()
install(TARGETS lmp EXPORT LAMMPS_Targets DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_BINDIR})
option(CMAKE_VERBOSE_MAKEFILE "Generate verbose Makefiles" OFF)
@ -416,6 +432,7 @@ if(BUILD_OMP)
(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID STREQUAL "IntelLLVM") OR (CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID STREQUAL "XLClang") OR
((CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID STREQUAL "AppleClang") AND (CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_VERSION VERSION_GREATER_EQUAL 10.0)) OR
((CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID STREQUAL "Clang") AND (CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_VERSION VERSION_GREATER_EQUAL 10.0)) OR
((CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID STREQUAL "CrayClang") AND (CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_VERSION VERSION_GREATER_EQUAL 10.0)) OR
((CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID STREQUAL "Intel") AND (CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_VERSION VERSION_GREATER_EQUAL 19.0)))
# GCC 9.x and later plus Clang 10.x and later implement strict OpenMP 4.0 semantics for consts.
# Intel 18.0 was tested to support both, so we switch to OpenMP 4+ from 19.x onward to be safe.
@ -426,6 +443,33 @@ if(BUILD_OMP)
target_compile_definitions(lammps PRIVATE -DLAMMPS_OMP_COMPAT=${LAMMPS_OMP_COMPAT_LEVEL})
target_link_libraries(lammps PRIVATE OpenMP::OpenMP_CXX)
target_link_libraries(lmp PRIVATE OpenMP::OpenMP_CXX)
# this hack is required to correctly link with OpenMP support when using CrayClang version 15.0.2
# CrayClang is only directly recognized by version 3.28 and later
if(CMAKE_VERSION VERSION_LESS 3.28)
get_filename_component(_exe "${CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER}" NAME)
if((CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID STREQUAL "Clang") AND (_exe STREQUAL "crayCC"))
set(CMAKE_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS_${BTYPE} "${CMAKE_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS_${BTYPE} -fopenmp")
set(CMAKE_STATIC_LINKER_FLAGS_${BTYPE} "${CMAKE_STATIC_LINKER_FLAGS_${BTYPE} -fopenmp")
endif()
else()
if(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID STREQUAL "CrayClang")
set(CMAKE_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS_${BTYPE} "${CMAKE_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS_${BTYPE} -fopenmp")
set(CMAKE_STATIC_LINKER_FLAGS_${BTYPE} "${CMAKE_STATIC_LINKER_FLAGS_${BTYPE} -fopenmp")
endif()
endif()
endif()
# lower C++ standard for fmtlib sources when using Intel classic compiler
if((CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID STREQUAL "Intel") AND (CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD GREATER_EQUAL 17)
AND (CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_VERSION VERSION_LESS 2021.10))
message(STATUS "Lowering C++ standard for compiling fmtlib sources with Intel Classic compiler")
get_filename_component(LMP_UTILS_SRC "${LAMMPS_SOURCE_DIR}/utils.cpp" ABSOLUTE)
get_filename_component(LMP_VARIABLE_SRC "${LAMMPS_SOURCE_DIR}/variable.cpp" ABSOLUTE)
get_filename_component(FMT_FORMAT_SRC "${LAMMPS_SOURCE_DIR}/fmtlib_format.cpp" ABSOLUTE)
get_filename_component(FMT_OS_SRC "${LAMMPS_SOURCE_DIR}/fmtlib_os.cpp" ABSOLUTE)
set_source_files_properties("${FMT_FORMAT_SRC}" "${FMT_OS_SRC}" "${LMP_VARIABLE_SRC}" "${LMP_UTILS_SRC}"
PROPERTIES COMPILE_OPTIONS "-std=c++14")
endif()
if(PKG_ATC OR PKG_AWPMD OR PKG_ML-QUIP OR PKG_ML-POD OR PKG_ELECTRODE OR BUILD_TOOLS)
@ -528,12 +572,12 @@ endforeach()
########################################################################
# Basic system tests (standard libraries, headers, functions, types) #
########################################################################
foreach(HEADER cmath)
check_include_file_cxx(${HEADER} FOUND_${HEADER})
if(NOT FOUND_${HEADER})
message(FATAL_ERROR "Could not find needed header - ${HEADER}")
endif(NOT FOUND_${HEADER})
endforeach(HEADER)
if (NOT ((CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID STREQUAL "Intel") OR (CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID STREQUAL "IntelLLVM")))
check_include_file_cxx(cmath FOUND_CMATH)
if(NOT FOUND_CMATH)
message(FATAL_ERROR "Could not find the required 'cmath' header")
endif(NOT FOUND_CMATH)
endif()
# make the standard math library overrideable and autodetected (for systems that don't have it)
find_library(STANDARD_MATH_LIB m DOC "Standard Math library")
@ -960,34 +1004,37 @@ if(PKG_KOKKOS)
endif()
endif()
if(PKG_KSPACE)
message(STATUS "<<< FFT settings >>>
if (FFT_USE_HEFFTE)
message(STATUS "<<< FFT settings >>>
-- Primary FFT lib: heFFTe")
if (FFT_HEFFTE_BACKEND)
message(STATUS "heFFTe backend: ${FFT_HEFFTE_BACKEND}")
else()
message(STATUS "heFFTe backend: stock (builtin FFT implementation, tested for corrected but not optimized for production)")
endif()
message(STATUS "Using distributed FFT algorithms from heFTTe")
if(FFT_SINGLE)
message(STATUS "Using single precision FFTs")
else()
message(STATUS "Using double precision FFTs")
endif()
else()
message(STATUS "<<< FFT settings >>>
-- Primary FFT lib: ${FFT}")
if(FFT_SINGLE)
message(STATUS "Using single precision FFTs")
else()
message(STATUS "Using double precision FFTs")
endif()
if(FFT_FFTW_THREADS OR FFT_MKL_THREADS)
message(STATUS "Using threaded FFTs")
else()
message(STATUS "Using non-threaded FFTs")
if(FFT_SINGLE)
message(STATUS "Using single precision FFTs")
else()
message(STATUS "Using double precision FFTs")
endif()
if(FFT_FFTW_THREADS OR FFT_MKL_THREADS)
message(STATUS "Using threaded FFTs")
else()
message(STATUS "Using non-threaded FFTs")
endif()
message(STATUS "Using builtin distributed FFT algorithms")
endif()
if(PKG_KOKKOS)
if(Kokkos_ENABLE_CUDA)
if(FFT STREQUAL "KISS")
message(STATUS "Kokkos FFT: KISS")
else()
message(STATUS "Kokkos FFT: cuFFT")
endif()
elseif(Kokkos_ENABLE_HIP)
if(FFT STREQUAL "KISS")
message(STATUS "Kokkos FFT: KISS")
else()
message(STATUS "Kokkos FFT: hipFFT")
endif()
else()
message(STATUS "Kokkos FFT: ${FFT}")
endif()
message(STATUS "Kokkos FFT: ${FFT_KOKKOS}")
endif()
endif()
if(BUILD_DOC)

10
cmake/Modules/DetectHIPInstallation.cmake
View File

@ -1,11 +1,3 @@
if(NOT DEFINED HIP_PATH)
if(NOT DEFINED ENV{HIP_PATH})
message(FATAL_ERROR "HIP support requires HIP_PATH to be defined.\n"
"Either pass the HIP_PATH as a CMake option via -DHIP_PATH=... or set the HIP_PATH environment variable.")
else()
set(HIP_PATH $ENV{HIP_PATH} CACHE PATH "Path to HIP installation")
endif()
endif()
if(NOT DEFINED ROCM_PATH)
if(NOT DEFINED ENV{ROCM_PATH})
set(ROCM_PATH "/opt/rocm" CACHE PATH "Path to ROCm installation")
@ -13,4 +5,4 @@ if(NOT DEFINED ROCM_PATH)
set(ROCM_PATH $ENV{ROCM_PATH} CACHE PATH "Path to ROCm installation")
endif()
endif()
list(APPEND CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH ${HIP_PATH} ${ROCM_PATH})
list(APPEND CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH ${ROCM_PATH})

2
cmake/Modules/ExternalCMakeProject.cmake
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@ -43,5 +43,5 @@ function(ExternalCMakeProject target url hash basedir cmakedir cmakefile)
"${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/_deps/${target}-src/${cmakedir}/CMakeLists.txt")
endif()
add_subdirectory("${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/_deps/${target}-src/${cmakedir}"
"${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/_deps/${target}-build")
"${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/_deps/${target}-build" EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL)
endfunction(ExternalCMakeProject)

14
cmake/Modules/LAMMPSUtils.cmake
View File

@ -83,17 +83,17 @@ function(check_for_autogen_files source_dir)
file(GLOB SRC_AUTOGEN_FILES CONFIGURE_DEPENDS ${source_dir}/style_*.h)
file(GLOB SRC_AUTOGEN_PACKAGES CONFIGURE_DEPENDS ${source_dir}/packages_*.h)
list(APPEND SRC_AUTOGEN_FILES ${SRC_AUTOGEN_PACKAGES} ${source_dir}/lmpinstalledpkgs.h ${source_dir}/lmpgitversion.h)
list(APPEND SRC_AUTOGEN_FILES ${SRC_AUTOGEN_PACKAGES} ${source_dir}/mliap_model_python_couple.h ${source_dir}/mliap_model_python_couple.cpp)
list(APPEND SRC_AUTOGEN_FILES ${source_dir}/mliap_model_python_couple.h ${source_dir}/mliap_model_python_couple.cpp)
foreach(_SRC ${SRC_AUTOGEN_FILES})
get_filename_component(FILENAME "${_SRC}" NAME)
if(EXISTS ${source_dir}/${FILENAME})
message(FATAL_ERROR "\n########################################################################\n"
"Found header file(s) generated by the make-based build system\n"
"\n"
"Please run\n"
"make -C ${source_dir} purge\n"
"to remove\n"
"########################################################################")
"Found header file ${source_dir}/${FILENAME} generated by the make-based build system\n"
"\n"
"Please run\n"
"make -C ${source_dir} purge\n"
"to remove\n"
"########################################################################")
endif()
endforeach()
endfunction()

5
cmake/Modules/OpenCLLoader.cmake
View File

@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
message(STATUS "Downloading and building OpenCL loader library")
set(OPENCL_LOADER_URL "${LAMMPS_THIRDPARTY_URL}/opencl-loader-2022.01.04.tar.gz" CACHE STRING "URL for OpenCL loader tarball")
set(OPENCL_LOADER_MD5 "8d3a801e87a2c6653bf0e27707063914" CACHE STRING "MD5 checksum of OpenCL loader tarball")
set(OPENCL_LOADER_URL "${LAMMPS_THIRDPARTY_URL}/opencl-loader-2024.02.09.tar.gz" CACHE STRING "URL for OpenCL loader tarball")
set(OPENCL_LOADER_MD5 "f3573cf9daa3558ba46fd5866517f38f" CACHE STRING "MD5 checksum of OpenCL loader tarball")
mark_as_advanced(OPENCL_LOADER_URL)
mark_as_advanced(OPENCL_LOADER_MD5)
@ -8,4 +8,3 @@ set(INSTALL_LIBOPENCL OFF CACHE BOOL "" FORCE)
include(ExternalCMakeProject)
ExternalCMakeProject(opencl_loader ${OPENCL_LOADER_URL} ${OPENCL_LOADER_MD5} opencl-loader . "")
add_library(OpenCL::OpenCL ALIAS OpenCL)

11
cmake/Modules/Packages/GPU.cmake
View File

@ -1,3 +1,10 @@
# Silence CMake warnings about FindCUDA being obsolete.
# We may need to eventually rewrite this section to use enable_language(CUDA)
if(POLICY CMP0146)
cmake_policy(SET CMP0146 OLD)
endif()
set(GPU_SOURCES_DIR ${LAMMPS_SOURCE_DIR}/GPU)
set(GPU_SOURCES ${GPU_SOURCES_DIR}/gpu_extra.h
${GPU_SOURCES_DIR}/fix_gpu.h
@ -151,10 +158,10 @@ if(GPU_API STREQUAL "CUDA")
endif()
cuda_compile_fatbin(GPU_GEN_OBJS ${GPU_LIB_CU} OPTIONS ${CUDA_REQUEST_PIC}
-DUNIX -O3 --use_fast_math -Wno-deprecated-gpu-targets -DNV_KERNEL -DUCL_CUDADR ${GPU_CUDA_GENCODE} -D_${GPU_PREC_SETTING} -DLAMMPS_${LAMMPS_SIZES})
-DUNIX -O3 --use_fast_math -Wno-deprecated-gpu-targets -allow-unsupported-compiler -DNV_KERNEL -DUCL_CUDADR ${GPU_CUDA_GENCODE} -D_${GPU_PREC_SETTING} -DLAMMPS_${LAMMPS_SIZES})
cuda_compile(GPU_OBJS ${GPU_LIB_CUDPP_CU} OPTIONS ${CUDA_REQUEST_PIC}
-DUNIX -O3 --use_fast_math -Wno-deprecated-gpu-targets -DUCL_CUDADR ${GPU_CUDA_GENCODE} -D_${GPU_PREC_SETTING} -DLAMMPS_${LAMMPS_SIZES})
-DUNIX -O3 --use_fast_math -Wno-deprecated-gpu-targets -allow-unsupported-compiler -DUCL_CUDADR ${GPU_CUDA_GENCODE} -D_${GPU_PREC_SETTING} -DLAMMPS_${LAMMPS_SIZES})
foreach(CU_OBJ ${GPU_GEN_OBJS})
get_filename_component(CU_NAME ${CU_OBJ} NAME_WE)

3
cmake/Modules/Packages/INTEL.cmake
View File

@ -111,6 +111,9 @@ if(PKG_KSPACE)
list(APPEND INTEL_SOURCES ${INTEL_SOURCES_DIR}/verlet_lrt_intel.cpp)
RegisterIntegrateStyle(${INTEL_SOURCES_DIR}/verlet_lrt_intel.h)
endif()
if(PKG_ML-SNAP)
list(APPEND INTEL_SOURCES ${INTEL_SOURCES_DIR}/sna_intel.cpp)
endif()
target_sources(lammps PRIVATE ${INTEL_SOURCES})
target_include_directories(lammps PRIVATE ${INTEL_SOURCES_DIR})

38
cmake/Modules/Packages/KOKKOS.cmake
View File

@ -16,11 +16,6 @@ endif()
if(Kokkos_ENABLE_OPENMP)
if(NOT BUILD_OMP)
message(FATAL_ERROR "Must enable BUILD_OMP with Kokkos_ENABLE_OPENMP")
else()
# NVHPC/(AMD)Clang does not seem to provide a detectable OpenMP version, but is far beyond version 3.1
if((OpenMP_CXX_VERSION VERSION_LESS 3.1) AND NOT ((CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID STREQUAL "NVHPC") OR (CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID STREQUAL "Clang")))
message(FATAL_ERROR "Compiler must support OpenMP 3.1 or later with Kokkos_ENABLE_OPENMP")
endif()
endif()
endif()
########################################################################
@ -50,8 +45,8 @@ if(DOWNLOAD_KOKKOS)
list(APPEND KOKKOS_LIB_BUILD_ARGS "-DCMAKE_CXX_EXTENSIONS=${CMAKE_CXX_EXTENSIONS}")
list(APPEND KOKKOS_LIB_BUILD_ARGS "-DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=${CMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE}")
include(ExternalProject)
set(KOKKOS_URL "https://github.com/kokkos/kokkos/archive/4.1.00.tar.gz" CACHE STRING "URL for KOKKOS tarball")
set(KOKKOS_MD5 "a5f096bd8ad01b97fdc7a32583b17a33" CACHE STRING "MD5 checksum of KOKKOS tarball")
set(KOKKOS_URL "https://github.com/kokkos/kokkos/archive/4.2.01.tar.gz" CACHE STRING "URL for KOKKOS tarball")
set(KOKKOS_MD5 "16b9b09ae947d434dfb58fc5c87c2b76" CACHE STRING "MD5 checksum of KOKKOS tarball")
mark_as_advanced(KOKKOS_URL)
mark_as_advanced(KOKKOS_MD5)
GetFallbackURL(KOKKOS_URL KOKKOS_FALLBACK)
@ -76,7 +71,7 @@ if(DOWNLOAD_KOKKOS)
add_dependencies(LAMMPS::KOKKOSCORE kokkos_build)
add_dependencies(LAMMPS::KOKKOSCONTAINERS kokkos_build)
elseif(EXTERNAL_KOKKOS)
find_package(Kokkos 4.1.00 REQUIRED CONFIG)
find_package(Kokkos 4.2.01 REQUIRED CONFIG)
target_link_libraries(lammps PRIVATE Kokkos::kokkos)
else()
set(LAMMPS_LIB_KOKKOS_SRC_DIR ${LAMMPS_LIB_SOURCE_DIR}/kokkos)
@ -131,16 +126,33 @@ if(PKG_KSPACE)
list(APPEND KOKKOS_PKG_SOURCES ${KOKKOS_PKG_SOURCES_DIR}/fft3d_kokkos.cpp
${KOKKOS_PKG_SOURCES_DIR}/grid3d_kokkos.cpp
${KOKKOS_PKG_SOURCES_DIR}/remap_kokkos.cpp)
set(FFT_KOKKOS "KISS" CACHE STRING "FFT library for Kokkos-enabled KSPACE package")
set(FFT_KOKKOS_VALUES KISS FFTW3 MKL HIPFFT CUFFT)
set_property(CACHE FFT_KOKKOS PROPERTY STRINGS ${FFT_KOKKOS_VALUES})
validate_option(FFT_KOKKOS FFT_KOKKOS_VALUES)
string(TOUPPER ${FFT_KOKKOS} FFT_KOKKOS)
if(Kokkos_ENABLE_CUDA)
if(NOT (FFT STREQUAL "KISS"))
target_compile_definitions(lammps PRIVATE -DFFT_CUFFT)
target_link_libraries(lammps PRIVATE cufft)
if(NOT ((FFT_KOKKOS STREQUAL "KISS") OR (FFT_KOKKOS STREQUAL "CUFFT")))
message(FATAL_ERROR "The CUDA backend of Kokkos requires either KISS FFT or CUFFT.")
elseif(FFT_KOKKOS STREQUAL "KISS")
message(WARNING "Using KISS FFT with the CUDA backend of Kokkos may be sub-optimal.")
target_compile_definitions(lammps PRIVATE -DFFT_KOKKOS_KISS)
elseif(FFT_KOKKOS STREQUAL "CUFFT")
find_package(CUDAToolkit REQUIRED)
target_compile_definitions(lammps PRIVATE -DFFT_KOKKOS_CUFFT)
target_link_libraries(lammps PRIVATE CUDA::cufft)
endif()
elseif(Kokkos_ENABLE_HIP)
if(NOT (FFT STREQUAL "KISS"))
if(NOT ((FFT_KOKKOS STREQUAL "KISS") OR (FFT_KOKKOS STREQUAL "HIPFFT")))
message(FATAL_ERROR "The HIP backend of Kokkos requires either KISS FFT or HIPFFT.")
elseif(FFT_KOKKOS STREQUAL "KISS")
message(WARNING "Using KISS FFT with the HIP backend of Kokkos may be sub-optimal.")
target_compile_definitions(lammps PRIVATE -DFFT_KOKKOS_KISS)
elseif(FFT_KOKKOS STREQUAL "HIPFFT")
include(DetectHIPInstallation)
find_package(hipfft REQUIRED)
target_compile_definitions(lammps PRIVATE -DFFT_HIPFFT)
target_compile_definitions(lammps PRIVATE -DFFT_KOKKOS_HIPFFT)
target_link_libraries(lammps PRIVATE hip::hipfft)
endif()
endif()

55
cmake/Modules/Packages/KSPACE.cmake
View File

@ -46,6 +46,61 @@ else()
target_compile_definitions(lammps PRIVATE -DFFT_KISS)
endif()
option(FFT_USE_HEFFTE "Use heFFTe as the distributed FFT engine, overrides the FFT option." OFF)
if(FFT_USE_HEFFTE)
# if FFT_HEFFTE is enabled, use the heFFTe parallel engine instead of the builtin fftMPI engine
# map standard FFT choices to available heFFTe backends: FFTW3 -> FFTW, KISS -> BUILTIN
set(FFT_HEFFTE_BACKEND_VALUES FFTW MKL BUILTIN)
string(REPLACE FFTW3 FFTW FFT_HEFFTE_BACKEND_DEFAULT ${FFT})
string(REPLACE KISS BUILTIN FFT_HEFFTE_BACKEND_DEFAULT ${FFT_HEFFTE_BACKEND_DEFAULT})
set(FFT_HEFFTE_BACKEND "${FFT_HEFFTE_BACKEND_DEFAULT}" CACHE STRING "Select heFFTe backend, e.g., FFTW or MKL")
set_property(CACHE FFT_HEFFTE_BACKEND PROPERTY STRINGS ${FFT_HEFFTE_BACKEND_VALUES})
validate_option(FFT_HEFFTE_BACKEND FFT_HEFFTE_BACKEND_VALUES)
if(FFT_HEFFTE_BACKEND STREQUAL "FFTW") # respect the backend choice, FFTW or MKL
set(HEFFTE_COMPONENTS "FFTW")
set(Heffte_ENABLE_FFTW "ON" CACHE BOOL "Enables FFTW backend for heFFTe")
elseif(FFT_HEFFTE_BACKEND STREQUAL "MKL")
set(HEFFTE_COMPONENTS "MKL")
set(Heffte_ENABLE_MKL "ON" CACHE BOOL "Enables MKL backend for heFFTe")
else()
set(HEFFTE_COMPONENTS "BUILTIN")
message(WARNING "FFT_HEFFTE_BACKEND not selected, defaulting to the builtin 'stock' backend, which is intended for testing and is not optimized for production runs")
endif()
find_package(Heffte 2.4.0 QUIET COMPONENTS ${HEFFTE_COMPONENTS})
if (NOT Heffte_FOUND) # download and build
if(BUILD_SHARED_LIBS)
set(BUILD_SHARED_LIBS_WAS_ON YES)
set(BUILD_SHARED_LIBS OFF)
endif()
if(CMAKE_REQUEST_PIC)
set(CMAKE_POSITION_INDEPENDENT_CODE ON)
endif()
set(Heffte_ENABLE_${FFT_HEFFTE_BACKEND} ON)
include(FetchContent)
FetchContent_Declare(HEFFTE_PROJECT # using v2.4.0
URL "https://github.com/icl-utk-edu/heffte/archive/refs/tags/v2.4.0.tar.gz"
URL_HASH SHA256=02310fb4f9688df02f7181667e61c3adb7e38baf79611d80919d47452ff7881d
)
FetchContent_Populate(HEFFTE_PROJECT)
# fixup git hash to show "(unknown)" to avoid compilation failures.
file(READ ${heffte_project_SOURCE_DIR}/include/heffte_config.cmake.h HEFFTE_CFG_FILE_TEXT)
string(REPLACE "@Heffte_GIT_HASH@" "(unknown)" HEFFTE_CFG_FILE_TEXT "${HEFFTE_CFG_FILE_TEXT}")
file(WRITE ${heffte_project_SOURCE_DIR}/include/heffte_config.cmake.h "${HEFFTE_CFG_FILE_TEXT}")
add_subdirectory(${heffte_project_SOURCE_DIR} ${heffte_project_BINARY_DIR} EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL)
add_library(Heffte::Heffte ALIAS Heffte)
if(BUILD_SHARED_LIBS_WAS_ON)
set(BUILD_SHARED_LIBS ON)
endif()
endif()
target_compile_definitions(lammps PRIVATE -DFFT_HEFFTE "-DFFT_HEFFTE_${FFT_HEFFTE_BACKEND}")
target_link_libraries(lammps PRIVATE Heffte::Heffte)
endif()
set(FFT_PACK "array" CACHE STRING "Optimization for FFT")
set(FFT_PACK_VALUES array pointer memcpy)
set_property(CACHE FFT_PACK PROPERTY STRINGS ${FFT_PACK_VALUES})

4
cmake/Modules/Packages/MDI.cmake
View File

@ -8,8 +8,8 @@ option(DOWNLOAD_MDI "Download and compile the MDI library instead of using an al
if(DOWNLOAD_MDI)
message(STATUS "MDI download requested - we will build our own")
set(MDI_URL "https://github.com/MolSSI-MDI/MDI_Library/archive/v1.4.16.tar.gz" CACHE STRING "URL for MDI tarball")
set(MDI_MD5 "407db44e2d79447ab5c1233af1965f65" CACHE STRING "MD5 checksum for MDI tarball")
set(MDI_URL "https://github.com/MolSSI-MDI/MDI_Library/archive/v1.4.26.tar.gz" CACHE STRING "URL for MDI tarball")
set(MDI_MD5 "3124bb85259471e2a53a891f04bf697a" CACHE STRING "MD5 checksum for MDI tarball")
mark_as_advanced(MDI_URL)
mark_as_advanced(MDI_MD5)
GetFallbackURL(MDI_URL MDI_FALLBACK)

53
cmake/Modules/Packages/ML-PACE.cmake
View File

@ -1,33 +1,40 @@
set(PACELIB_URL "https://github.com/ICAMS/lammps-user-pace/archive/refs/tags/v.2023.10.04.tar.gz" CACHE STRING "URL for PACE evaluator library sources")
set(PACELIB_URL "https://github.com/ICAMS/lammps-user-pace/archive/refs/tags/v.2023.11.25.fix.tar.gz" CACHE STRING "URL for PACE evaluator library sources")
set(PACELIB_MD5 "70ff79f4e59af175e55d24f3243ad1ff" CACHE STRING "MD5 checksum of PACE evaluator library tarball")
set(PACELIB_MD5 "b45de9a633f42ed65422567e3ce56f9f" CACHE STRING "MD5 checksum of PACE evaluator library tarball")
mark_as_advanced(PACELIB_URL)
mark_as_advanced(PACELIB_MD5)
GetFallbackURL(PACELIB_URL PACELIB_FALLBACK)
# download library sources to build folder
if(EXISTS ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/libpace.tar.gz)
file(MD5 ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/libpace.tar.gz DL_MD5)
endif()
if(NOT "${DL_MD5}" STREQUAL "${PACELIB_MD5}")
message(STATUS "Downloading ${PACELIB_URL}")
file(DOWNLOAD ${PACELIB_URL} ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/libpace.tar.gz STATUS DL_STATUS SHOW_PROGRESS)
file(MD5 ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/libpace.tar.gz DL_MD5)
if((NOT DL_STATUS EQUAL 0) OR (NOT "${DL_MD5}" STREQUAL "${PACELIB_MD5}"))
message(WARNING "Download from primary URL ${PACELIB_URL} failed\nTrying fallback URL ${PACELIB_FALLBACK}")
file(DOWNLOAD ${PACELIB_FALLBACK} ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/libpace.tar.gz EXPECTED_HASH MD5=${PACELIB_MD5} SHOW_PROGRESS)
endif()
# LOCAL_ML-PACE points to top-level dir with local lammps-user-pace repo,
# to make it easier to check local build without going through the public github releases
if(LOCAL_ML-PACE)
set(lib-pace "${LOCAL_ML-PACE}")
else()
message(STATUS "Using already downloaded archive ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/libpace.tar.gz")
endif()
# download library sources to build folder
if(EXISTS ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/libpace.tar.gz)
file(MD5 ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/libpace.tar.gz DL_MD5)
endif()
if(NOT "${DL_MD5}" STREQUAL "${PACELIB_MD5}")
message(STATUS "Downloading ${PACELIB_URL}")
file(DOWNLOAD ${PACELIB_URL} ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/libpace.tar.gz STATUS DL_STATUS SHOW_PROGRESS)
file(MD5 ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/libpace.tar.gz DL_MD5)
if((NOT DL_STATUS EQUAL 0) OR (NOT "${DL_MD5}" STREQUAL "${PACELIB_MD5}"))
message(WARNING "Download from primary URL ${PACELIB_URL} failed\nTrying fallback URL ${PACELIB_FALLBACK}")
file(DOWNLOAD ${PACELIB_FALLBACK} ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/libpace.tar.gz EXPECTED_HASH MD5=${PACELIB_MD5} SHOW_PROGRESS)
endif()
else()
message(STATUS "Using already downloaded archive ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/libpace.tar.gz")
endif()
# uncompress downloaded sources
execute_process(
COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E remove_directory lammps-user-pace*
COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E tar xzf libpace.tar.gz
WORKING_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}
)
get_newest_file(${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/lammps-user-pace-* lib-pace)
# uncompress downloaded sources
execute_process(
COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E remove_directory lammps-user-pace*
COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E tar xzf libpace.tar.gz
WORKING_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}
)
get_newest_file(${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/lammps-user-pace-* lib-pace)
endif()
add_subdirectory(${lib-pace} build-pace)
set_target_properties(pace PROPERTIES CXX_EXTENSIONS ON OUTPUT_NAME lammps_pace${LAMMPS_MACHINE})

6
cmake/Modules/Packages/ML-QUIP.cmake
View File

@ -18,7 +18,9 @@ if(DOWNLOAD_QUIP)
set(temp "${temp}F77FLAGS += -fpp -fixed -fPIC\n")
set(temp "${temp}F95_PRE_FILENAME_FLAG = -Tf\n")
elseif(CMAKE_Fortran_COMPILER_ID STREQUAL GNU)
set(temp "${temp}FPP=${CMAKE_Fortran_COMPILER} -E -x f95-cpp-input\nOPTIM=${CMAKE_Fortran_FLAGS_${BTYPE}}\n")
# quip library uses GNU fortran extensions. If any more restrictive standards are set, reset them
string(REGEX REPLACE -std=f[0-9]+ -std=gnu _fopt "${CMAKE_Fortran_FLAGS_${BTYPE}}")
set(temp "${temp}FPP=${CMAKE_Fortran_COMPILER} -E -x f95-cpp-input\nOPTIM=${_fopt} -fmax-stack-var-size=6553600\n")
set(temp "${temp}DEFINES += -DGETARG_F2003 -DGETENV_F2003 -DGFORTRAN -DFORTRAN_UNDERSCORE\n")
set(temp "${temp}F95FLAGS += -x f95-cpp-input -ffree-line-length-none -ffree-form -fno-second-underscore -fPIC\n")
set(temp "${temp}F77FLAGS += -x f77-cpp-input -fno-second-underscore -fPIC\n")
@ -56,7 +58,7 @@ if(DOWNLOAD_QUIP)
GIT_SUBMODULES "src/fox;src/GAP"
PATCH_COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E copy_if_different ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/quip.config <SOURCE_DIR>/arch/Makefile.lammps
CONFIGURE_COMMAND env QUIP_ARCH=lammps make config
BUILD_COMMAND env QUIP_ARCH=lammps make libquip
BUILD_COMMAND env QUIP_ARCH=lammps make -j1 libquip
INSTALL_COMMAND ""
BUILD_IN_SOURCE YES
BUILD_BYPRODUCTS <SOURCE_DIR>/build/lammps/${CMAKE_STATIC_LIBRARY_PREFIX}quip${CMAKE_STATIC_LIBRARY_SUFFIX}

4
cmake/Modules/Packages/PLUMED.cmake
View File

@ -21,9 +21,9 @@ else()
set(PLUMED_CONFIG_OMP "--disable-openmp")
endif()
set(PLUMED_URL "https://github.com/plumed/plumed2/releases/download/v2.8.2/plumed-src-2.8.2.tgz"
set(PLUMED_URL "https://github.com/plumed/plumed2/releases/download/v2.8.3/plumed-src-2.8.3.tgz"
CACHE STRING "URL for PLUMED tarball")
set(PLUMED_MD5 "599092b6a0aa6fff992612537ad98994" CACHE STRING "MD5 checksum of PLUMED tarball")
set(PLUMED_MD5 "76d23cd394eba9e6530316ed1184e219" CACHE STRING "MD5 checksum of PLUMED tarball")
mark_as_advanced(PLUMED_URL)
mark_as_advanced(PLUMED_MD5)

11
cmake/presets/gpu-cuda.cmake Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
# preset that enables GPU and selects CUDA API
set(PKG_GPU ON CACHE BOOL "Build GPU package" FORCE)
set(GPU_API "cuda" CACHE STRING "APU used by GPU package" FORCE)
set(GPU_PREC "mixed" CACHE STRING "" FORCE)
set(CUDA_NVCC_FLAGS "-allow-unsupported-compiler" CACHE STRING "" FORCE)
set(CUDA_NVCC_FLAGS_DEBUG "-allow-unsupported-compiler" CACHE STRING "" FORCE)
set(CUDA_NVCC_FLAGS_MINSIZEREL "-allow-unsupported-compiler" CACHE STRING "" FORCE)
set(CUDA_NVCC_FLAGS_RELWITHDEBINFO "-allow-unsupported-compiler" CACHE STRING "" FORCE)
set(CUDA_NVCC_FLAGS_RELEASE "-allow-unsupported-compiler" CACHE STRING "" FORCE)

5
cmake/presets/kokkos-cuda.cmake
View File

@ -6,6 +6,11 @@ set(Kokkos_ENABLE_SERIAL ON CACHE BOOL "" FORCE)
set(Kokkos_ENABLE_CUDA ON CACHE BOOL "" FORCE)
set(Kokkos_ARCH_PASCAL60 ON CACHE BOOL "" FORCE)
set(BUILD_OMP ON CACHE BOOL "" FORCE)
get_filename_component(NVCC_WRAPPER_CMD ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/../lib/kokkos/bin/nvcc_wrapper ABSOLUTE)
set(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER ${NVCC_WRAPPER_CMD} CACHE FILEPATH "" FORCE)
# If KSPACE is also enabled, use CUFFT for FFTs
set(FFT_KOKKOS "CUFFT" CACHE STRING "" FORCE)
# hide deprecation warnings temporarily for stable release
set(Kokkos_ENABLE_DEPRECATION_WARNINGS OFF CACHE BOOL "" FORCE)

3
cmake/presets/kokkos-hip.cmake
View File

@ -12,6 +12,9 @@ set(BUILD_OMP ON CACHE BOOL "" FORCE)
set(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER hipcc CACHE STRING "" FORCE)
set(CMAKE_TUNE_FLAGS "-munsafe-fp-atomics" CACHE STRING "" FORCE)
# If KSPACE is also enabled, use CUFFT for FFTs
set(FFT_KOKKOS "HIPFFT" CACHE STRING "" FORCE)
# hide deprecation warnings temporarily for stable release
set(Kokkos_ENABLE_DEPRECATION_WARNINGS OFF CACHE BOOL "" FORCE)

6
cmake/presets/oneapi.cmake
View File

@ -18,11 +18,11 @@ set(MPI_CXX_COMPILER "mpicxx" CACHE STRING "" FORCE)
unset(HAVE_OMP_H_INCLUDE CACHE)
set(OpenMP_C "icx" CACHE STRING "" FORCE)
set(OpenMP_C_FLAGS "-qopenmp -qopenmp-simd" CACHE STRING "" FORCE)
set(OpenMP_C_FLAGS "-qopenmp;-qopenmp-simd" CACHE STRING "" FORCE)
set(OpenMP_C_LIB_NAMES "omp" CACHE STRING "" FORCE)
set(OpenMP_CXX "icpx" CACHE STRING "" FORCE)
set(OpenMP_CXX_FLAGS "-qopenmp -qopenmp-simd" CACHE STRING "" FORCE)
set(OpenMP_CXX_FLAGS "-qopenmp;-qopenmp-simd" CACHE STRING "" FORCE)
set(OpenMP_CXX_LIB_NAMES "omp" CACHE STRING "" FORCE)
set(OpenMP_Fortran_FLAGS "-qopenmp -qopenmp-simd" CACHE STRING "" FORCE)
set(OpenMP_Fortran_FLAGS "-qopenmp;-qopenmp-simd" CACHE STRING "" FORCE)
set(OpenMP_omp_LIBRARY "libiomp5.so" CACHE PATH "" FORCE)

3
doc/Makefile
View File

@ -100,6 +100,7 @@ html: xmlgen $(VENV) $(SPHINXCONFIG)/conf.py $(ANCHORCHECK) $(MATHJAX)
env LC_ALL=C grep -n ' :[a-z]\+`' $(RSTDIR)/*.rst ;\
env LC_ALL=C grep -n ' `[^`]\+<[a-z][^`]\+`[^_]' $(RSTDIR)/*.rst ;\
env LC_ALL=C grep -n ':\(ref\|doc\):[^`]' $(RSTDIR)/*.rst ;\
env LC_ALL=C grep -n '\(ref\|doc\)`[^`]' $(RSTDIR)/*.rst ;\
$(PYTHON) $(BUILDDIR)/utils/check-styles.py -s ../src -d src ;\
echo "############################################" ;\
deactivate ;\
@ -182,6 +183,7 @@ pdf: xmlgen $(VENV) $(SPHINXCONFIG)/conf.py $(ANCHORCHECK)
env LC_ALL=C grep -n ' :[a-z]\+`' $(RSTDIR)/*.rst ;\
env LC_ALL=C grep -n ' `[^`]\+<[a-z][^`]\+`[^_]' $(RSTDIR)/*.rst ;\
env LC_ALL=C grep -n ':\(ref\|doc\):[^`]' $(RSTDIR)/*.rst ;\
env LC_ALL=C grep -n '\(ref\|doc\)`[^`]' $(RSTDIR)/*.rst ;\
$(PYTHON) utils/check-styles.py -s ../src -d src ;\
echo "############################################" ;\
deactivate ;\
@ -231,6 +233,7 @@ role_check :
@( env LC_ALL=C grep -n ' :[a-z]\+`' $(RSTDIR)/*.rst && exit 1 || : )
@( env LC_ALL=C grep -n ' `[^`]\+<[a-z][^`]\+`[^_]' $(RSTDIR)/*.rst && exit 1 || : )
@( env LC_ALL=C grep -n ':\(ref\|doc\):[^`]' $(RSTDIR)/*.rst && exit 1 || : )
@( env LC_ALL=C grep -n '\(ref\|doc\)`[^`]' $(RSTDIR)/*.rst && exit 1 || : )
link_check : $(VENV) html
@(\

8
doc/github-development-workflow.md
View File

@ -36,10 +36,10 @@ requests.
MUST be submitted as a pull request to GitHub. All changes to the
"develop" branch must be made exclusively through merging pull requests.
The "release" and "stable" branches, respectively, are only to be
updated upon feature or stable releases based on the associated
tags. Updates to the stable release in between stable releases
updated upon "feature releases" or "stable releases" based on the
associated tags. Updates to the stable release in between stable releases
(for example, back-ported bug fixes) are first merged into the "maintenance"
branch and then into the "stable" branch as update releases.
branch and then into the "stable" branch as "stable update releases".
Pull requests may also be submitted to (long-running) feature branches
created by LAMMPS developers inside the LAMMPS project, if needed. Those
@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ testing -- that the code in the branch "develop" does not get easily
broken. These tests are run after every update to a pull request. More
extensive and time-consuming tests (including regression testing) are
performed after code is merged to the "develop" branch. There are feature
releases of LAMMPS made about every 4-6 weeks at a point, when the LAMMPS
releases of LAMMPS made about every 4-8 weeks at a point, when the LAMMPS
developers feel, that a sufficient number of changes have been included
and all post-merge testing has been successful. These feature releases are
marked with a `patch_<version date>` tag and the "release" branch

5
doc/graphviz/Makefile
View File

@ -16,8 +16,11 @@ clean:
rm -f $(IMGSVG) $(IMGPDF) $(IMGPNG) *~
ifeq ($(HAS_DOT),YES)
$(IMGDIR)/%.png: %.dot
$(IMGDIR)/lammps-classes.png : lammps-classes.dot
dot -Tpng -Kneato -o $@ $<
$(IMGDIR)/%.png: %.dot
dot -Tpng -Kdot -o $@ $<
endif
ifeq ($(HAS_DOT),NO)

34
doc/graphviz/lammps-releases.dot Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
// LAMMPS branches and releases
digraph releases {
rankdir="LR";
github [shape="box" label="Pull Requests\non GitHub" height=0.75];
github -> develop [label="Merge commits"];
{
rank = "same";
work [shape="none" label="Development branches:"]
develop [label="'develop' branch" height=0.75];
maintenance [label="'maintenance' branch" height=0.75];
};
{
rank = "same";
upload [shape="none" label="Release branches:"]
release [label="'release' branch" height=0.75];
stable [label="'stable' branch" height=0.75];
};
develop -> release [label="Feature release\n(every 4-8 weeks)"];
release -> stable [label="Stable release\n(once per year)"];
stable -> maintenance [label="Reset on stable release" style="setlinewidth(2)"];
develop -> maintenance [label="Backports of bugfixes" style="dashed"];
maintenance -> stable [label="Updates to stable release"];
{
rank = "same";
tag [shape="none" label="Applied tags:"];
patchtag [shape="box" label="patch_<date>"];
stabletag [shape="box" label="stable_<date>"];
updatetag [shape="box" label="stable_<date>_update<num>"];
};
release -> patchtag [label="feature release" style="dotted"];
stable -> stabletag [label="stable release" style="dotted"];
stable -> updatetag [label="update release" style="dotted"];
}

4
doc/lammps.1
View File

@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
.TH LAMMPS "1" "2 August 2023" "2023-08-2"
.TH LAMMPS "1" "7 February 2024" "2024-02-07"
.SH NAME
.B LAMMPS
\- Molecular Dynamics Simulator. Version 2 August 2023
\- Molecular Dynamics Simulator. Version 7 February 2024
.SH SYNOPSIS
.B lmp

6
doc/src/Bibliography.rst
View File

@ -562,6 +562,9 @@ Bibliography
**(Kumar)**
Kumar and Skinner, J. Phys. Chem. B, 112, 8311 (2008)
**(Lafourcade)**
Lafourcade, Maillet, Denoual, Duval, Allera, Goryaeva, and Marinica, `Comp. Mat. Science, 230, 112534 (2023) <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.commatsci.2023.112534>`_
**(Lamoureux and Roux)**
G.\ Lamoureux, B. Roux, J. Chem. Phys 119, 3025 (2003)
@ -874,6 +877,9 @@ Bibliography
**(PLUMED)**
G.A. Tribello, M. Bonomi, D. Branduardi, C. Camilloni and G. Bussi, Comp. Phys. Comm 185, 604 (2014)
**(Pavlov)**
D Pavlov, V Galigerov, D Kolotinskii, V Nikolskiy, V Stegailov, International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications, 38, 34-49 (2024).
**(Paquay)**
Paquay and Kusters, Biophys. J., 110, 6, (2016). preprint available at `arXiv:1411.3019 <https://arxiv.org/abs/1411.3019/>`_.

121
doc/src/Build_development.rst
View File

@ -122,32 +122,39 @@ Code Coverage and Unit Testing (CMake only)
-------------------------------------------
The LAMMPS code is subject to multiple levels of automated testing
during development: integration testing (i.e. whether the code compiles
on various platforms and with a variety of settings), unit testing
(i.e. whether certain individual parts of the code produce the expected
results for given inputs), run testing (whether selected complete input
decks run without crashing for multiple configurations), and regression
testing (i.e. whether selected input examples reproduce the same
results over a given number of steps and operations within a given
error margin). The status of this automated testing can be viewed on
`https://ci.lammps.org <https://ci.lammps.org>`_.
during development:
- Integration testing (i.e. whether the code compiles
on various platforms and with a variety of compilers and settings),
- Unit testing (i.e. whether certain functions or classes of the code
produce the expected results for given inputs),
- Run testing (i.e. whether selected input decks can run to completion
without crashing for multiple configurations),
- Regression testing (i.e. whether selected input examples reproduce the
same results over a given number of steps and operations within a
given error margin).
The status of this automated testing can be viewed on `https://ci.lammps.org
<https://ci.lammps.org>`_.
The scripts and inputs for integration, run, and regression testing
are maintained in a
`separate repository <https://github.com/lammps/lammps-testing>`_
of the LAMMPS project on GitHub.
of the LAMMPS project on GitHub. A few tests are also run as GitHub
Actions and their configuration files are in the ``.github/workflows/``
folder of the LAMMPS git tree.
The unit testing facility is integrated into the CMake build process
of the LAMMPS source code distribution itself. It can be enabled by
The unit testing facility is integrated into the CMake build process of
the LAMMPS source code distribution itself. It can be enabled by
setting ``-D ENABLE_TESTING=on`` during the CMake configuration step.
It requires the `YAML <https://pyyaml.org/>`_ library and development
headers (if those are not found locally a recent version will be
downloaded and compiled along with LAMMPS and the test program) to
compile and will download and compile a specific recent version of the
`Googletest <https://github.com/google/googletest/>`_ C++ test framework
for implementing the tests.
It requires the `YAML <https://pyyaml.org/>`_ library and matching
development headers to compile (if those are not found locally a recent
version of that library will be downloaded and compiled along with
LAMMPS and the test programs) and will download and compile a specific
version of the `GoogleTest <https://github.com/google/googletest/>`_ C++
test framework that is used to implement the tests.
.. admonition:: Software version requirements for testing
.. admonition:: Software version and LAMMPS configuration requirements
:class: note
The compiler and library version requirements for the testing
@ -155,7 +162,7 @@ for implementing the tests.
example the default GNU C++ and Fortran compilers of RHEL/CentOS 7.x
(version 4.8.x) are not sufficient. The CMake configuration will try
to detect incompatible versions and either skip incompatible tests or
stop with an error. Also the number of tests will depend on
stop with an error. Also the number of available tests will depend on
installed LAMMPS packages, development environment, operating system,
and configuration settings.
@ -234,12 +241,31 @@ will be skipped if prerequisite features are not available in LAMMPS.
time. Preference is given to parts of the code base that are easy to
test or commonly used.
Tests for styles of the same kind of style (e.g. pair styles or bond
styles) are performed with the same test executable using different
input files in YAML format. So to add a test for another style of the
same kind it may be sufficient to add a suitable YAML file.
:doc:`Detailed instructions for adding tests <Developer_unittest>` are
provided in the Programmer Guide part of the manual.
Tests as shown by the ``ctest`` program are command lines defined in the
``CMakeLists.txt`` files in the ``unittest`` directory tree. A few
tests simply execute LAMMPS with specific command line flags and check
the output to the screen for expected content. A large number of unit
tests are special tests programs using the `GoogleTest framework
<https://github.com/google/googletest/>`_ and linked to the LAMMPS
library that test individual functions or create a LAMMPS class
instance, execute one or more commands and check data inside the LAMMPS
class hierarchy. There are also tests for the C-library, Fortran, and
Python module interfaces to LAMMPS. The Python tests use the Python
"unittest" module in a similar fashion than the others use `GoogleTest`.
These special test programs are structured to perform multiple
individual tests internally and each of those contains several checks
(aka assertions) for internal data being changed as expected.
Tests for force computing or modifying styles (e.g. styles for non-bonded
and bonded interactions and selected fixes) are run by using a more generic
test program that reads its input from files in YAML format. The YAML file
provides the information on how to customized the test program to test
a specific style and - if needed - with specific settings.
To add a test for another, similar style (e.g. a new pair style) it is
usually sufficient to add a suitable YAML file. :doc:`Detailed
instructions for adding tests <Developer_unittest>` are provided in the
Programmer Guide part of the manual. A description of what happens
during the tests is given below.
Unit tests for force styles
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
@ -255,16 +281,18 @@ A test run is then a a collection multiple individual test runs each
with many comparisons to reference results based on template input
files, individual command settings, relative error margins, and
reference data stored in a YAML format file with ``.yaml``
suffix. Currently the programs ``test_pair_style``, ``test_bond_style``, and
``test_angle_style`` are implemented. They will compare forces, energies and
(global) stress for all atoms after a ``run 0`` calculation and after a
few steps of MD with :doc:`fix nve <fix_nve>`, each in multiple variants
with different settings and also for multiple accelerated styles. If a
prerequisite style or package is missing, the individual tests are
skipped. All tests will be executed on a single MPI process, so using
the CMake option ``-D BUILD_MPI=off`` can significantly speed up testing,
since this will skip the MPI initialization for each test run.
Below is an example command and output:
suffix. Currently the programs ``test_pair_style``, ``test_bond_style``,
``test_angle_style``, ``test_dihedral_style``, and
``test_improper_style`` are implemented. They will compare forces,
energies and (global) stress for all atoms after a ``run 0`` calculation
and after a few steps of MD with :doc:`fix nve <fix_nve>`, each in
multiple variants with different settings and also for multiple
accelerated styles. If a prerequisite style or package is missing, the
individual tests are skipped. All force style tests will be executed on
a single MPI process, so using the CMake option ``-D BUILD_MPI=off`` can
significantly speed up testing, since this will skip the MPI
initialization for each test run. Below is an example command and
output:
.. code-block:: console
@ -416,15 +444,16 @@ When compiling LAMMPS with enabled tests, most test executables will
need to be linked against the LAMMPS library. Since this can be a very
large library with many C++ objects when many packages are enabled, link
times can become very long on machines that use the GNU BFD linker (e.g.
Linux systems). Alternatives like the ``lld`` linker of the LLVM project
or the ``gold`` linker available with GNU binutils can speed up this step
substantially. CMake will by default test if any of the two can be
enabled and use it when ``ENABLE_TESTING`` is active. It can also be
selected manually through the ``CMAKE_CUSTOM_LINKER`` CMake variable.
Allowed values are ``lld``, ``gold``, ``bfd``, or ``default``. The
``default`` option will use the system default linker otherwise, the
linker is chosen explicitly. This option is only available for the
GNU or Clang C++ compiler.
Linux systems). Alternatives like the ``mold`` linker, the ``lld``
linker of the LLVM project, or the ``gold`` linker available with GNU
binutils can speed up this step substantially (in this order). CMake
will by default test if any of the three can be enabled and use it when
``ENABLE_TESTING`` is active. It can also be selected manually through
the ``CMAKE_CUSTOM_LINKER`` CMake variable. Allowed values are
``mold``, ``lld``, ``gold``, ``bfd``, or ``default``. The ``default``
option will use the system default linker otherwise, the linker is
chosen explicitly. This option is only available for the GNU or Clang
C++ compilers.
Tests for other components and utility functions
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
@ -518,6 +547,8 @@ The following options are available.
make fix-errordocs # remove error docs in header files
make check-permissions # search for files with permissions issues
make fix-permissions # correct permissions issues in files
make check-docs # search for several issues in the manual
make check-version # list files with pending release version tags
make check # run all check targets from above
These should help to make source and documentation files conforming

22
doc/src/Build_extras.rst
View File

@ -626,22 +626,22 @@ They must be specified in uppercase.
* - HOPPER90
- GPU
- NVIDIA Hopper generation CC 9.0 GPU
* - VEGA900
* - AMD_GFX906
- GPU
- AMD GPU MI25 GFX900
* - VEGA906
- AMD GPU MI50/MI60
* - AMD_GFX908
- GPU
- AMD GPU MI50/MI60 GFX906
* - VEGA908
- AMD GPU MI100
* - AMD_GFX90A
- GPU
- AMD GPU MI100 GFX908
* - VEGA90A
- AMD GPU MI200
* - AMD_GFX942
- GPU
- AMD GPU MI200 GFX90A
* - NAVI1030
- AMD GPU MI300
* - AMD_GFX1030
- GPU
- AMD GPU V620/W6800
* - NAVI1100
* - AMD_GFX1100
- GPU
- AMD GPU RX7900XTX
* - INTEL_GEN
@ -666,7 +666,7 @@ They must be specified in uppercase.
- GPU
- Intel GPU Ponte Vecchio
This list was last updated for version 4.0.1 of the Kokkos library.
This list was last updated for version 4.2 of the Kokkos library.
.. tabs::

78
doc/src/Build_settings.rst
View File

@ -44,6 +44,14 @@ require use of an FFT library to compute 1d FFTs. The KISS FFT
library is included with LAMMPS, but other libraries can be faster.
LAMMPS can use them if they are available on your system.
.. versionadded:: 7Feb2024
Alternatively, LAMMPS can use the `heFFTe
<https://icl-utk-edu.github.io/heffte/>`_ library for the MPI
communication algorithms, which comes with many optimizations for
special cases, e.g. leveraging available 2D and 3D FFTs in the back end
libraries and better pipelining for packing and communication.
.. tabs::
.. tab:: CMake build
@ -51,14 +59,19 @@ LAMMPS can use them if they are available on your system.
.. code-block:: bash
-D FFT=value # FFTW3 or MKL or KISS, default is FFTW3 if found, else KISS
-D FFT_KOKKOS=value # FFTW3 or MKL or KISS or CUFFT or HIPFFT, default is KISS
-D FFT_SINGLE=value # yes or no (default), no = double precision
-D FFT_PACK=value # array (default) or pointer or memcpy
-D FFT_USE_HEFFTE=value # yes or no (default), yes links to heFFTe
.. note::
The values for the FFT variable must be in upper-case. This is
an exception to the rule that all CMake variables can be specified
with lower-case values.
When the Kokkos variant of a package is compiled and selected at run time,
the FFT library selected by the FFT_KOKKOS variable applies. Otherwise,
the FFT library selected by the FFT variable applies.
The same FFT settings apply to both. FFT_KOKKOS must be compatible with the
Kokkos back end - for example, when using the CUDA back end of Kokkos,
you must use either CUFFT or KISS.
Usually these settings are all that is needed. If FFTW3 is
selected, then CMake will try to detect, if threaded FFTW
@ -76,6 +89,16 @@ LAMMPS can use them if they are available on your system.
-D MKL_INCLUDE_DIR=path # ditto for Intel MKL library
-D FFT_MKL_THREADS=on # enable using threaded FFTs with MKL libraries
-D MKL_LIBRARY=path # path to MKL libraries
-D FFT_HEFFTE_BACKEND=value # FFTW or MKL or empty/undefined for the stock heFFTe back end
-D Heffte_ROOT=path # path to an existing heFFTe installation
.. note::
heFFTe comes with a builtin (= stock) back end for FFTs, i.e. a
default internal FFT implementation; however, this stock back
end is intended for testing purposes only and is not optimized
for production runs.
.. tab:: Traditional make
@ -87,6 +110,8 @@ LAMMPS can use them if they are available on your system.
FFT_INC = -DFFT_FFTW3 # -DFFT_FFTW3, -DFFT_FFTW (same as -DFFT_FFTW3), -DFFT_MKL, or -DFFT_KISS
# default is KISS if not specified
FFT_INC = -DFFT_KOKKOS_CUFFT # -DFFT_KOKKOS_{FFTW,FFTW3,MKL,CUFFT,HIPFFT,KISS}
# default is KISS if not specified
FFT_INC = -DFFT_SINGLE # do not specify for double precision
FFT_INC = -DFFT_FFTW_THREADS # enable using threaded FFTW3 libraries
FFT_INC = -DFFT_MKL_THREADS # enable using threaded FFTs with MKL libraries
@ -97,6 +122,8 @@ LAMMPS can use them if they are available on your system.
FFT_INC = -I/usr/local/include
FFT_PATH = -L/usr/local/lib
FFT_LIB = -lhipfft # hipFFT either precision
FFT_LIB = -lcufft # cuFFT either precision
FFT_LIB = -lfftw3 # FFTW3 double precision
FFT_LIB = -lfftw3 -lfftw3_omp # FFTW3 double precision with threads (needs -DFFT_FFTW_THREADS)
FFT_LIB = -lfftw3 -lfftw3f # FFTW3 single precision
@ -111,6 +138,24 @@ LAMMPS can use them if they are available on your system.
files in its default search path. You must specify ``FFT_LIB``
with the appropriate FFT libraries to include in the link.
Traditional make can also link to heFFTe using an existing installation
.. code-block:: make
include <path-to-heffte-installation>/share/heffte/HeffteMakefile.in
FFT_INC = -DFFT_HEFFTE -DFFT_HEFFTE_FFTW $(heffte_include)
FFT_PATH =
FFT_LIB = $(heffte_link) $(heffte_libs)
The heFFTe install path will contain `HeffteMakefile.in`.
which will define the `heffte_` include variables needed to link to heFFTe from
an external project using traditional make.
The `-DFFT_HEFFTE` is required to switch to using heFFTe, while the optional `-DFFT_HEFFTE_FFTW`
selects the desired heFFTe back end, e.g., `-DFFT_HEFFTE_FFTW` or `-DFFT_HEFFTE_MKL`,
omitting the variable will default to the `stock` back end.
The heFFTe `stock` back end is intended to be used for testing and debugging,
but is not performance optimized for large scale production runs.
The `KISS FFT library <https://github.com/mborgerding/kissfft>`_ is
included in the LAMMPS distribution. It is portable across all
platforms. Depending on the size of the FFTs and the number of
@ -141,6 +186,11 @@ The Intel MKL math library is part of the Intel compiler suite. It
can be used with the Intel or GNU compiler (see the ``FFT_LIB`` setting
above).
The cuFFT and hipFFT FFT libraries are packaged with NVIDIA's CUDA and
AMD's HIP installations, respectively. These FFT libraries require the
Kokkos acceleration package to be enabled and the Kokkos back end to be
GPU-resident (i.e., HIP or CUDA).
Performing 3d FFTs in parallel can be time-consuming due to data access
and required communication. This cost can be reduced by performing
single-precision FFTs instead of double precision. Single precision
@ -152,11 +202,11 @@ generally less than the difference in precision. Using the
``-DFFT_SINGLE`` setting trades off a little accuracy for reduced memory
use and parallel communication costs for transposing 3d FFT data.
When using ``-DFFT_SINGLE`` with FFTW3, you may need to build the FFTW
library a second time with support for single-precision.
When using ``-DFFT_SINGLE`` with FFTW3, you may need to ensure that
the FFTW3 installation includes support for single-precision.
For FFTW3, do the following, which should produce the additional
library ``libfftw3f.a`` or ``libfftw3f.so``\ .
When compiler FFTW3 from source, you can do the following, which should
produce the additional libraries ``libfftw3f.a`` and/or ``libfftw3f.so``\ .
.. code-block:: bash
@ -170,6 +220,16 @@ Depending on the machine, the size of the FFT grid, the number of
processors used, one option may be slightly faster. The default is
ARRAY mode.
When using ``-DFFT_HEFFTE`` CMake will first look for an existing
install with hints provided by ``-DHeffte_ROOT``, as recommended by the
CMake standard and note that the name is case sensitive. If CMake cannot
find a heFFTe installation with the correct back end (e.g., FFTW or
MKL), it will attempt to download and build the library automatically.
In this case, LAMMPS CMake will also accept all heFFTe specific
variables listed in the `heFFTe documentation
<https://mkstoyanov.bitbucket.io/heffte/md_doxygen_installation.html>`_
and those variables will be passed into the heFFTe build.
----------
.. _size:
@ -463,8 +523,8 @@ Exception handling when using LAMMPS as a library
LAMMPS errors do not kill the calling code, but throw an exception. In
the C-library interface, the call stack is unwound and control returns
to the caller, e.g. to Python or a code that is coupled to LAMMPS and
the error status can be queried. When using C++ directly, the calling
to the caller, e.g. to Python or a code that is coupled to LAMMPS. The
error status can then be queried. When using C++ directly, the calling
code has to be set up to *catch* exceptions thrown from within LAMMPS.
.. note::

2
doc/src/Commands_bond.rst
View File

@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ OPT.
*
*
* :doc:`charmm (iko) <dihedral_charmm>`
* :doc:`charmmfsw <dihedral_charmm>`
* :doc:`charmmfsw (k) <dihedral_charmm>`
* :doc:`class2 (ko) <dihedral_class2>`
* :doc:`cosine/shift/exp (o) <dihedral_cosine_shift_exp>`
* :doc:`fourier (io) <dihedral_fourier>`

4
doc/src/Commands_compute.rst
View File

@ -100,6 +100,7 @@ KOKKOS, o = OPENMP, t = OPT.
* :doc:`nbond/atom <compute_nbond_atom>`
* :doc:`omega/chunk <compute_omega_chunk>`
* :doc:`orientorder/atom (k) <compute_orientorder_atom>`
* :doc:`pace <compute_pace>`
* :doc:`pair <compute_pair>`
* :doc:`pair/local <compute_pair_local>`
* :doc:`pe <compute_pe>`
@ -115,12 +116,15 @@ KOKKOS, o = OPENMP, t = OPT.
* :doc:`property/grid <compute_property_grid>`
* :doc:`property/local <compute_property_local>`
* :doc:`ptm/atom <compute_ptm_atom>`
* :doc:`rattlers/atom <compute_rattlers_atom>`
* :doc:`rdf <compute_rdf>`
* :doc:`reaxff/atom (k) <compute_reaxff_atom>`
* :doc:`reduce <compute_reduce>`
* :doc:`reduce/chunk <compute_reduce_chunk>`
* :doc:`reduce/region <compute_reduce>`
* :doc:`rigid/local <compute_rigid_local>`
* :doc:`saed <compute_saed>`
* :doc:`slcsa/atom <compute_slcsa_atom>`
* :doc:`slice <compute_slice>`
* :doc:`smd/contact/radius <compute_smd_contact_radius>`
* :doc:`smd/damage <compute_smd_damage>`

7
doc/src/Commands_fix.rst
View File

@ -61,6 +61,7 @@ OPT.
* :doc:`controller <fix_controller>`
* :doc:`damping/cundall <fix_damping_cundall>`
* :doc:`deform (k) <fix_deform>`
* :doc:`deform/pressure <fix_deform_pressure>`
* :doc:`deposit <fix_deposit>`
* :doc:`dpd/energy (k) <fix_dpd_energy>`
* :doc:`drag <fix_drag>`
@ -122,6 +123,7 @@ OPT.
* :doc:`mvv/tdpd <fix_mvv_dpd>`
* :doc:`neb <fix_neb>`
* :doc:`neb/spin <fix_neb_spin>`
* :doc:`nonaffine/displacement <fix_nonaffine_displacement>`
* :doc:`nph (ko) <fix_nh>`
* :doc:`nph/asphere (o) <fix_nph_asphere>`
* :doc:`nph/body <fix_nph_body>`
@ -238,10 +240,10 @@ OPT.
* :doc:`store/force <fix_store_force>`
* :doc:`store/state <fix_store_state>`
* :doc:`tdpd/source <fix_dpd_source>`
* :doc:`temp/berendsen <fix_temp_berendsen>`
* :doc:`temp/berendsen (k) <fix_temp_berendsen>`
* :doc:`temp/csld <fix_temp_csvr>`
* :doc:`temp/csvr <fix_temp_csvr>`
* :doc:`temp/rescale <fix_temp_rescale>`
* :doc:`temp/rescale (k) <fix_temp_rescale>`
* :doc:`temp/rescale/eff <fix_temp_rescale_eff>`
* :doc:`tfmc <fix_tfmc>`
* :doc:`tgnpt/drude <fix_tgnh_drude>`
@ -261,6 +263,7 @@ OPT.
* :doc:`wall/body/polyhedron <fix_wall_body_polyhedron>`
* :doc:`wall/colloid <fix_wall>`
* :doc:`wall/ees <fix_wall_ees>`
* :doc:`wall/flow (k) <fix_wall_flow>`
* :doc:`wall/gran (k) <fix_wall_gran>`
* :doc:`wall/gran/region <fix_wall_gran_region>`
* :doc:`wall/harmonic <fix_wall>`

19
doc/src/Commands_pair.rst
View File

@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ OPT.
* :doc:`coul/long/soft (o) <pair_fep_soft>`
* :doc:`coul/msm (o) <pair_coul>`
* :doc:`coul/slater/cut <pair_coul_slater>`
* :doc:`coul/slater/long <pair_coul_slater>`
* :doc:`coul/slater/long (g) <pair_coul_slater>`
* :doc:`coul/shield <pair_coul_shield>`
* :doc:`coul/streitz <pair_coul>`
* :doc:`coul/tt <pair_coul_tt>`
@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ OPT.
* :doc:`eam/he <pair_eam>`
* :doc:`edip (o) <pair_edip>`
* :doc:`edip/multi <pair_edip>`
* :doc:`edpd <pair_mesodpd>`
* :doc:`edpd (g) <pair_mesodpd>`
* :doc:`eff/cut <pair_eff>`
* :doc:`eim (o) <pair_eim>`
* :doc:`exp6/rx (k) <pair_exp6_rx>`
@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ OPT.
* :doc:`lj/charmm/coul/long/soft (o) <pair_fep_soft>`
* :doc:`lj/charmm/coul/msm (o) <pair_charmm>`
* :doc:`lj/charmmfsw/coul/charmmfsh <pair_charmm>`
* :doc:`lj/charmmfsw/coul/long <pair_charmm>`
* :doc:`lj/charmmfsw/coul/long (k) <pair_charmm>`
* :doc:`lj/class2 (gko) <pair_class2>`
* :doc:`lj/class2/coul/cut (ko) <pair_class2>`
* :doc:`lj/class2/coul/cut/soft <pair_fep_soft>`
@ -158,14 +158,14 @@ OPT.
* :doc:`lj/cut (gikot) <pair_lj>`
* :doc:`lj/cut/coul/cut (gko) <pair_lj_cut_coul>`
* :doc:`lj/cut/coul/cut/dielectric (o) <pair_dielectric>`
* :doc:`lj/cut/coul/cut/soft (o) <pair_fep_soft>`
* :doc:`lj/cut/coul/cut/soft (go) <pair_fep_soft>`
* :doc:`lj/cut/coul/debye (gko) <pair_lj_cut_coul>`
* :doc:`lj/cut/coul/debye/dielectric (o) <pair_dielectric>`
* :doc:`lj/cut/coul/dsf (gko) <pair_lj_cut_coul>`
* :doc:`lj/cut/coul/long (gikot) <pair_lj_cut_coul>`
* :doc:`lj/cut/coul/long/cs <pair_cs>`
* :doc:`lj/cut/coul/long/dielectric (o) <pair_dielectric>`
* :doc:`lj/cut/coul/long/soft (o) <pair_fep_soft>`
* :doc:`lj/cut/coul/long/soft (go) <pair_fep_soft>`
* :doc:`lj/cut/coul/msm (go) <pair_lj_cut_coul>`
* :doc:`lj/cut/coul/msm/dielectric <pair_dielectric>`
* :doc:`lj/cut/coul/wolf (o) <pair_lj_cut_coul>`
@ -202,7 +202,7 @@ OPT.
* :doc:`lubricate/poly (o) <pair_lubricate>`
* :doc:`lubricateU <pair_lubricateU>`
* :doc:`lubricateU/poly <pair_lubricateU>`
* :doc:`mdpd <pair_mesodpd>`
* :doc:`mdpd (g) <pair_mesodpd>`
* :doc:`mdpd/rhosum <pair_mesodpd>`
* :doc:`meam (k) <pair_meam>`
* :doc:`meam/ms (k) <pair_meam>`
@ -256,6 +256,7 @@ OPT.
* :doc:`rann <pair_rann>`
* :doc:`reaxff (ko) <pair_reaxff>`
* :doc:`rebo (io) <pair_airebo>`
* :doc:`rebomos (o) <pair_rebomos>`
* :doc:`resquared (go) <pair_resquared>`
* :doc:`saip/metal (t) <pair_saip_metal>`
* :doc:`sdpd/taitwater/isothermal <pair_sdpd_taitwater_isothermal>`
@ -268,11 +269,11 @@ OPT.
* :doc:`smtbq <pair_smtbq>`
* :doc:`snap (ik) <pair_snap>`
* :doc:`soft (go) <pair_soft>`
* :doc:`sph/heatconduction <pair_sph_heatconduction>`
* :doc:`sph/heatconduction (g) <pair_sph_heatconduction>`
* :doc:`sph/idealgas <pair_sph_idealgas>`
* :doc:`sph/lj <pair_sph_lj>`
* :doc:`sph/lj (g) <pair_sph_lj>`
* :doc:`sph/rhosum <pair_sph_rhosum>`
* :doc:`sph/taitwater <pair_sph_taitwater>`
* :doc:`sph/taitwater (g) <pair_sph_taitwater>`
* :doc:`sph/taitwater/morris <pair_sph_taitwater_morris>`
* :doc:`spin/dipole/cut <pair_spin_dipole>`
* :doc:`spin/dipole/long <pair_spin_dipole>`

15
doc/src/Commands_removed.rst
View File

@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ The same functionality is available through
MPIIO package
-------------
.. deprecated:: TBD
.. deprecated:: 21Nov2023
The MPIIO package has been removed from LAMMPS since it was unmaintained
for many years and thus not updated to incorporate required changes that
@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ see :doc:`restart <restart>`, :doc:`read_restart <read_restart>`,
MSCG package
------------
.. deprecated:: TBD
.. deprecated:: 21Nov2023
The MSCG package has been removed from LAMMPS since it was unmaintained
for many years and instead superseded by the `OpenMSCG software
@ -126,6 +126,17 @@ syntax compatible with the removed reax pair style, so input files will
have to be adapted. The REAXFF package was originally called
USER-REAXC.
USER-REAXC package
------------------
.. deprecated:: 7Feb2024
The USER-REAXC package has been renamed to :ref:`REAXFF <PKG-REAXFF>`.
In the process also the pair style and related fixes were renamed to use
the "reaxff" string instead of "reax/c". For a while LAMMPS was maintaining
backward compatibility by providing aliases for the styles. These have
been removed, so using "reaxff" is now *required*.
USER-CUDA package
-----------------

3
doc/src/Developer_platform.rst
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@ -70,6 +70,9 @@ File and path functions and global constants
.. doxygenfunction:: is_console
:project: progguide
.. doxygenfunction:: disk_free
:project: progguide
.. doxygenfunction:: path_is_directory
:project: progguide

155
doc/src/Developer_unittest.rst
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@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ will be suppressed and only a summary printed, but adding
the '-V' option will then produce output from the tests
above like the following:
.. code-block::
.. code-block:: console
[...]
1: [ RUN ] Tokenizer.empty_string
@ -180,19 +180,11 @@ discarded but by setting the verbose flag (via setting the ``TEST_ARGS``
environment variable, ``TEST_ARGS=-v``) it can be printed and used to
understand why tests fail unexpectedly.
Another complexity of these tests stems from the need to capture
situations where LAMMPS will stop with an error, i.e. handle so-called
"death tests". Here the LAMMPS code will operate differently depending
on whether it was configured to throw C++ exceptions on errors or call
either ``exit()`` or ``MPI_Abort()``. In the latter case, the test code
also needs to detect whether LAMMPS was compiled with the OpenMPI
library, as OpenMPI is **only** compatible the death test options of the
GoogleTest library when C++ exceptions are enabled; otherwise those
"death tests" must be skipped to avoid reporting bogus failures. The
specifics of this step are implemented in the ``TEST_FAILURE()``
macro. These tests operate by capturing the screen output when executing
the failing command and then comparing that with a provided regular
expression string pattern. Example:
The specifics of so-called "death tests", i.e. conditions where LAMMPS
should fail and throw an exception, are implemented in the
``TEST_FAILURE()`` macro. These tests operate by capturing the screen
output when executing the failing command and then comparing that with a
provided regular expression string pattern. Example:
.. code-block:: c++
@ -282,9 +274,7 @@ Tests for using the Fortran module are in the ``unittest/fortran``
folder. Since they are also using the GoogleTest library, they require
to also implement test wrappers in C++ that will call fortran functions
which provide a C function interface through ISO_C_BINDINGS that will in
turn call the functions in the LAMMPS Fortran module. This part of the
unit tests is incomplete since the Fortran module it is based on is
incomplete as well.
turn call the functions in the LAMMPS Fortran module.
Tests for the C++-style library interface
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
@ -405,10 +395,10 @@ compare with the reference and also start from the data file. A final
check will use multi-cutoff r-RESPA (if supported by the pair style) at
a 1:1 split and compare to the Verlet results. These sets of tests are
run with multiple test fixtures for accelerated styles (OPT, OPENMP,
INTEL) and for the latter two with 4 OpenMP threads enabled. For
these tests the relative error (epsilon) is lowered by a common factor
due to the additional numerical noise, but the tests are still comparing
to the same reference data.
INTEL, KOKKOS (OpenMP only)) and for the latter three with 4 OpenMP
threads enabled. For these tests the relative error (epsilon) is lowered
by a common factor due to the additional numerical noise, but the tests
are still comparing to the same reference data.
Additional tests will check whether all listed extract keywords are
supported and have the correct dimensionality and the final set of tests
@ -442,17 +432,19 @@ The ``test_pair_style`` tester is used with 4 categories of test inputs:
pair style is defined, but the computation of the pair style contributions
is disabled.
The ``test_bond_style`` and ``test_angle_style`` are set up in a similar
fashion and share support functions with the pair style tester. The final
group of tests in this section is for fix styles that add/manipulate forces
and velocities, e.g. for time integration, thermostats and more.
The ``test_bond_style``, ``test_angle_style``, ``test_dihedral_style``, and
``test_improper_style`` tester programs are set up in a similar fashion and
share support functions with the pair style tester. The final group of
tests in this section is for fix styles that add/manipulate forces and
velocities, e.g. for time integration, thermostats and more.
Adding a new test is easiest done by copying and modifying an existing test
for a style that is similar to one to be tested. The file name should follow
the naming conventions described above and after copying the file, the first
step is to replace the style names where needed. The coefficient values
do not have to be meaningful, just in a reasonable range for the given system.
It does not matter if some forces are large, for as long as they do not diverge.
Adding a new test is easiest done by copying and modifying an existing YAML
file for a style that is similar to one to be tested. The file name should
follow the naming conventions described above and after copying the file,
the first step is to replace the style names where needed. The coefficient
values do not have to be meaningful, just in a reasonable range for the
given system. It does not matter if some forces are large, for as long as
they do not diverge.
The template input files define a large number of index variables at the top
that can be modified inside the YAML file to control the behavior. For example,
@ -480,7 +472,7 @@ Note that this disables computing the kspace contribution, but still will run
the setup. The "gewald" parameter should be set explicitly to speed up the run.
For styles with long-range electrostatics, typically two tests are added one using
the (slower) analytic approximation of the erfc() function and the other using
the tabulated coulomb, to test both code paths. The reference results in the YAML
the tabulated coulomb, to test both code paths. The reference results in the YAML
files then should be compared manually, if they agree well enough within the limits
of those two approximations.
@ -534,3 +526,102 @@ The ``unittest/tools`` folder contains tests for programs in the
shell, which are implemented as a python scripts using the ``unittest``
Python module and launching the tool commands through the ``subprocess``
Python module.
Troubleshooting failed unit tests
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
The are by default no unit tests for newly added features (e.g. pair, fix,
or compute styles) unless your pull request also includes tests for the
added features. If you are modifying some features, you may see failures
for existing tests, if your modifications have some unexpected side effects
or your changes render the existing text invalid. If you are adding an
accelerated version of an existing style, then only tests for INTEL,
KOKKOS (with OpenMP only), OPENMP, and OPT will be run automatically.
Tests for the GPU package are time consuming and thus are only run
*after* a merge, or when a special label, ``gpu_unit_tests`` is added
to the pull request. After the test has started, it is often best to
remove the label since every PR activity will re-trigger the test (that
is a limitation of triggering a test with a label). Support for unit
tests with using KOKKOS with GPU acceleration is currently not supported.
When you see a failed build on GitHub, click on ``Details`` to be taken
to the corresponding LAMMPS Jenkins CI web page. Click on the "Exit"
symbol near the ``Logout`` button on the top right of that page to go to
the "classic view". In the classic view, there is a list of the
individual runs that make up this test run (they are shown but cannot be
inspected in the default view). You can click on any of those.
Clicking on ``Test Result`` will display the list of failed tests. Click
on the "Status" column to sort the tests based on their Failed or Passed
status. Then click on the failed test to expand its output.
For example, the following output snippet shows the failed unit test
.. code-block:: console
[ RUN ] PairStyle.gpu
/home/builder/workspace/dev/pull_requests/ubuntu_gpu/unit_tests/cmake_gpu_opencl_mixed_smallbig_clang_static/unittest/force-styles/test_main.cpp:63: Failure
Expected: (err) <= (epsilon)
Actual: 0.00018957912910606503 vs 0.0001
Google Test trace:
/home/builder/workspace/dev/pull_requests/ubuntu_gpu/unit_tests/cmake_gpu_opencl_mixed_smallbig_clang_static/unittest/force-styles/test_main.cpp:56: EXPECT_FORCES: init_forces (newton off)
/home/builder/workspace/dev/pull_requests/ubuntu_gpu/unit_tests/cmake_gpu_opencl_mixed_smallbig_clang_static/unittest/force-styles/test_main.cpp:64: Failure
Expected: (err) <= (epsilon)
Actual: 0.00022892713393549854 vs 0.0001
The failed assertions provide line numbers in the test source
(e.g. ``test_main.cpp:56``), from which one can understand what
specific assertion failed.
Note that the force style engine runs one of a small number of systems
in a rather off-equilibrium configuration with a few atoms for a few
steps, writes data and restart files, uses :doc:`the clear command
<clear>` to reset LAMMPS, and then runs from those files with different
settings (e.g. newton on/off) and integrators (e.g. verlet vs. respa).
Beyond potential issues/bugs in the source code, the mismatch between
the expected and actual values could be that force arrays are not
properly cleared between multiple run commands or that class members are
not correctly initialized or written to or read from a data or restart
file.
While the epsilon (relative precision) for a single, `IEEE 754 compliant
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_754>`_, double precision floating
point operation is at about 2.2e-16, the achievable precision for the
tests is lower due to most numbers being sums over intermediate results
and the non-associativity of floating point math leading to larger
errors. In some cases specific properties of the tested style. As a
rule of thumb, the test epsilon can often be in the range 5.0e-14 to
1.0e-13. But for "noisy" force kernels, e.g. those a larger amount of
arithmetic operations involving `exp()`, `log()` or `sin()` functions,
and also due to the effect of compiler optimization or differences
between compilers or platforms, epsilon may need to be further relaxed,
sometimes epsilon can be relaxed to 1.0e-12. If interpolation or lookup
tables are used, epsilon may need to be set to 1.0e-10 or even higher.
For tests of accelerated styles, the per-test epsilon is multiplied
by empirical factors that take into account the differences in the order
of floating point operations or that some or most intermediate operations
may be done using approximations or with single precision floating point
math.
To rerun the failed unit test individually, change to the ``build`` directory
and run the test with verbose output. For example,
.. code-block:: bash
env TEST_ARGS=-v ctest -R ^MolPairStyle:lj_cut_coul_long -V
``ctest`` with the ``-V`` flag also shows the exact command line
of the test. One can then use ``gdb --args`` to further debug and
catch exceptions with the test command, for example,
.. code-block:: bash
gdb --args /path/to/lammps/build/test_pair_style /path/to/lammps/unittest/force-styles/tests/mol-pair-lj_cut_coul_long.yaml
It is recommended to configure the build with ``-D
BUILD_SHARED_LIBS=on`` and use a custom linker to shorten the build time
during recompilation. Installing `ccache` in your development
environment helps speed up recompilation by caching previous
compilations and detecting when the same compilation is being done
again. Please see :doc:`Build_development` for further details.

113
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@ -18,8 +18,10 @@ Available topics in mostly chronological order are:
- `Setting flags in the constructor`_
- `Rename of pack/unpack_comm() to pack/unpack_forward_comm()`_
- `Use ev_init() to initialize variables derived from eflag and vflag`_
- `Use utils::count_words() functions instead of atom->count_words()`_
- `Use utils::numeric() functions instead of force->numeric()`_
- `Use utils::open_potential() function to open potential files`_
- `Use symbolic Atom and AtomVec constants instead of numerical values`_
- `Simplify customized error messages`_
- `Use of "override" instead of "virtual"`_
- `Simplified and more compact neighbor list requests`_
@ -129,6 +131,41 @@ Not applying this change will not cause a compilation error, but
can lead to inconsistent behavior and incorrect tallying of
energy or virial.
Use utils::count_words() functions instead of atom->count_words()
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
.. versionchanged:: 2Jun2020
The "count_words()" functions for parsing text have been moved from the
Atom class to the :doc:`utils namespace <Developer_utils>`. The
"count_words()" function in "utils" uses the Tokenizer class internally
to split a line into words and count them, thus it will not modify the
argument string as the function in the Atoms class did and thus had a
variant using a copy buffer. Unlike the old version, the new version
does not remove comments. For that you can use the
:cpp:func:`utils::trim_comment() function
<LAMMPS_NS::utils::trim_comment>` as shown in the example below.
Old:
.. code-block:: c++
nwords = atom->count_words(line);
int nwords = atom->count_words(buf);
New:
.. code-block:: c++
nwords = utils::count_words(line);
int nwords = utils::count_words(utils::trim_comment(buf));
.. seealso::
:cpp:func:`utils::count_words() <LAMMPS_NS::utils::count_words>`,
:cpp:func:`utils::trim_comments() <LAMMPS_NS::utils::trim_comments>`
Use utils::numeric() functions instead of force->numeric()
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
@ -136,11 +173,12 @@ Use utils::numeric() functions instead of force->numeric()
The "numeric()" conversion functions (including "inumeric()",
"bnumeric()", and "tnumeric()") have been moved from the Force class to
the utils namespace. Also they take an additional argument that selects
whether the ``Error::all()`` or ``Error::one()`` function should be
called in case of an error. The former should be used when *all* MPI
processes call the conversion function and the latter *must* be used
when they are called from only one or a subset of the MPI processes.
the :doc:`utils namespace <Developer_utils>`. Also they take an
additional argument that selects whether the ``Error::all()`` or
``Error::one()`` function should be called in case of an error. The
former should be used when *all* MPI processes call the conversion
function and the latter *must* be used when they are called from only
one or a subset of the MPI processes.
Old:
@ -196,6 +234,71 @@ New:
fp = utils::open_potential(filename, lmp);
Use symbolic Atom and AtomVec constants instead of numerical values
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
.. versionchanged:: 18Sep2020
Properties in LAMMPS that were represented by integer values (0, 1,
2, 3) to indicate settings in the ``Atom`` and ``AtomVec`` classes (or
classes derived from it) (and its derived classes) have been converted
to use scoped enumerators instead.
.. list-table::
:header-rows: 1
:widths: auto
* - Symbolic Constant
- Value
- Symbolic Constant
- Value
* - Atom::GROW
- 0
- Atom::MAP_NONE
- 0
* - Atom::RESTART
- 1
- Atom::MAP_ARRAY
- 1
* - Atom::BORDER
- 2
- Atom::MAP_HASH
- 2
* - Atom::ATOMIC
- 0
- Atom::MAP_YES
- 3
* - Atom::MOLECULAR
- 1
- AtomVec::PER_ATOM
- 0
* - Atom::TEMPLATE
- 2
- AtomVec::PER_TYPE
- 1
Old:
.. code-block:: c++
molecular = 0;
mass_type = 1;
if (atom->molecular == 2)
if (atom->map_style == 2)
atom->add_callback(0);
atom->delete_callback(id,1);
New:
.. code-block:: c++
molecular = Atom::ATOMIC;
mass_type = AtomVec::PER_TYPE;
if (atom->molecular == Atom::TEMPLATE)
if (atom->map_style == Atom::MAP_HASH)
atom->add_callback(Atom::GROW);
atom->delete_callback(id,Atom::RESTART);
Simplify customized error messages
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

64
doc/src/Fortran.rst
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@ -315,6 +315,10 @@ of the contents of the :f:mod:`LIBLAMMPS` Fortran interface to LAMMPS.
:ftype extract_variable: function
:f set_variable: :f:subr:`set_variable`
:ftype set_variable: subroutine
:f set_string_variable: :f:subr:`set_set_string_variable`
:ftype set_string_variable: subroutine
:f set_internal_variable: :f:subr:`set_internal_variable`
:ftype set_internal_variable: subroutine
:f gather_atoms: :f:subr:`gather_atoms`
:ftype gather_atoms: subroutine
:f gather_atoms_concat: :f:subr:`gather_atoms_concat`
@ -1251,8 +1255,8 @@ Procedures Bound to the :f:type:`lammps` Derived Type
three elements of the global vector calculated by fix recenter into the
variables *dx*, *dy*, and *dz*, respectively.
If asked for per-atom or local data, :f:func:`extract_compute` returns a
pointer to actual LAMMPS data. The pointer so returned will have the
If asked for per-atom or local data, :f:func:`extract_fix` returns a
pointer to actual LAMMPS data. The pointer returned will have the
appropriate size to match the internal data, and will be
type/kind/rank-checked at the time of the assignment. For example,
@ -1398,7 +1402,28 @@ Procedures Bound to the :f:type:`lammps` Derived Type
Set the value of a string-style variable.
.. versionadded:: 3Nov2022
.. deprecated:: 7Feb2024
This function assigns a new value from the string *str* to the string-style
variable *name*\ . If *name* does not exist or is not a string-style
variable, an error is generated.
.. warning::
This subroutine is deprecated and :f:subr:`set_string_variable`
should be used instead.
:p character(len=*) name: name of the variable
:p character(len=*) str: new value to assign to the variable
:to: :cpp:func:`lammps_set_variable`
--------
.. f:subroutine:: set_string_variable(name, str)
Set the value of a string-style variable.
.. versionadded:: 7Feb2024
This function assigns a new value from the string *str* to the string-style
variable *name*\ . If *name* does not exist or is not a string-style
@ -1406,7 +1431,23 @@ Procedures Bound to the :f:type:`lammps` Derived Type
:p character(len=*) name: name of the variable
:p character(len=*) str: new value to assign to the variable
:to: :cpp:func:`lammps_set_variable`
:to: :cpp:func:`lammps_set_string_variable`
--------
.. f:subroutine:: set_internal_variable(name, val)
Set the value of a internal-style variable.
.. versionadded:: 7Feb2024
This function assigns a new value from the floating-point number *val* to
the internal-style variable *name*\ . If *name* does not exist or is not
an internal-style variable, an error is generated.
:p character(len=*) name: name of the variable
:p read(c_double) val: new value to assign to the variable
:to: :cpp:func:`lammps_set_internal_variable`
--------
@ -3038,14 +3079,6 @@ Procedures Bound to the :f:type:`lammps` Derived Type
This function can be used to query if an error inside of LAMMPS
has thrown a :ref:`C++ exception <exceptions>`.
.. note::
This function will always report "no error" when the LAMMPS library
has been compiled without ``-DLAMMPS_EXCEPTIONS``, which turns fatal
errors aborting LAMMPS into C++ exceptions. You can use the library
function :cpp:func:`lammps_config_has_exceptions` to check if this is
the case.
:to: :cpp:func:`lammps_has_error`
:r has_error: ``.TRUE.`` if there is an error.
:rtype has_error: logical
@ -3068,13 +3101,6 @@ Procedures Bound to the :f:type:`lammps` Derived Type
would happen only in a single MPI rank and thus may not be recoverable, as
other MPI ranks may be waiting on the failing MPI rank(s) to send messages.
.. note::
This function will do nothing when the LAMMPS library has been
compiled without ``-DLAMMPS_EXCEPTIONS``, which turns errors aborting
LAMMPS into C++ exceptions. You can use the function
:f:func:`config_has_exceptions` to check whether this is the case.
:p character(len=\*) buffer: string buffer to copy the error message into
:o integer(c_int) status [optional]: 1 when all ranks had the error,
2 on a single-rank error.

1
doc/src/Howto.rst
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@ -101,6 +101,7 @@ Tutorials howto
Howto_cmake
Howto_github
Howto_lammps_gui
Howto_moltemplate
Howto_pylammps
Howto_wsl

2
doc/src/Howto_body.rst
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@ -335,7 +335,7 @@ faces are listed, so that M = 6 + 3\*N + 1.
The integer line has three values: number of vertices (N), number of
edges (E) and number of faces (F). The floating point line(s) list 6
moments of inertia followed by the coordinates of the N vertices (x1
to zN) as 3N values, followed by 2N vertex indices corresponding to
to zN) as 3N values, followed by 2E vertex indices corresponding to
the end points of the E edges, then 4\*F vertex indices defining F
faces. The last value is the diameter value = the rounded diameter of
the sphere that surrounds each vertex. The diameter value can be

2
doc/src/Howto_cmake.rst
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@ -349,6 +349,8 @@ Some common LAMMPS specific variables
- when set to ``name`` the LAMMPS executable and library will be called ``lmp_name`` and ``liblammps_name.a``
* - ``FFT``
- select which FFT library to use: ``FFTW3``, ``MKL``, ``KISS`` (default, unless FFTW3 is found)
* - ``FFT_KOKKOS``
- select which FFT library to use in Kokkos-enabled styles: ``FFTW3``, ``MKL``, ``HIPFFT``, ``CUFFT``, ``KISS`` (default)
* - ``FFT_SINGLE``
- select whether to use single precision FFTs (default: ``off``)
* - ``WITH_JPEG``

10
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@ -480,11 +480,11 @@ Some recent changes to the workflow are not captured in this tutorial.
For example, in addition to the *develop* branch, to which all new
features should be submitted, there is also a *release*, a *stable*, and
a *maintenance* branch; the *release* branch is updated from the
*develop* as part of a feature release, and *stable* (together with
*release*) are updated from *develop* when a stable release is made. In
between stable releases, selected bug fixes and infrastructure updates
are back-ported from the *develop* branch to the *maintenance* branch
and occasionally merged to *stable* as an update release.
*develop* branch as part of a "feature release", and *stable* (together
with *release*) are updated from *develop* when a "stable release" is
made. In between stable releases, selected bug fixes and infrastructure
updates are back-ported from the *develop* branch to the *maintenance*
branch and occasionally merged to *stable* as an update release.
Furthermore, the naming of the release tags now follow the pattern
"patch_<Day><Month><Year>" to simplify comparisons between releases.

5
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@ -45,10 +45,15 @@ atoms, and should be used for granular system instead of the fix style
To model heat conduction, one must add the temperature and heatflow
atom variables with:
* :doc:`fix property/atom <fix_property_atom>`
a temperature integration fix
* :doc:`fix heat/flow <fix_heat_flow>`
and a heat conduction option defined in both
* :doc:`pair_style granular <pair_granular>`
* :doc:`fix wall/gran <fix_wall_gran>`

371
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@ -0,0 +1,371 @@
Moltemplate Tutorial
====================
In this tutorial, we are going to use the tool :ref:`Moltemplate
<moltemplate>` to set up a classical molecular dynamic simulation using
the :ref:`OPLS-AA force field <OPLSAA96>`. The first
task is to describe an organic compound and create a complete input deck
for LAMMPS. The second task is to map the OPLS-AA force field to a
molecular sample created with an external tool, e.g. PACKMOL, and
exported as a PDB file. The files used in this tutorial can be found
in the ``tools/moltemplate/tutorial-files`` folder of the LAMMPS
source code distribution.
Simulating an organic solvent
"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
This example aims to create a cubic box of the organic solvent
formamide.
The first step is to create a molecular topology in the
LAMMPS-template (LT) file format representing a single molecule, which
will be stored in a Moltemplate object called ``_FAM inherits OPLSAA {}``.
This command states that the object ``_FAM`` is based on an existing
object called ``OPLSAA``, which contains OPLS-AA parameters, atom type
definitions, partial charges, masses and bond-angle rules for many organic
and biological compounds.
The atomic structure is the starting point to populate the command
``write('Data Atoms') {}``, which will write the ``Atoms`` section in the
LAMMPS data file. The OPLS-AA force field uses the ``atom_style full``,
therefore, this column format is used:
``# atomID molID atomType charge coordX coordY coordZ``.
The ``atomID``\ s are replaced with Moltemplate ``$``-type variables, which
are then substituted with unique numerical IDs. The same logic is applied
to the ``molID``, except that the same variable is used for the whole
molecule. The atom types are assigned using ``@``-type variables. The
assignment of atom types (e.g. ``@atom:177``, ``@atom:178``) is done using
the OPLS-AA atom types defined in the "In Charges" section of the file
``oplsaa.lt``, looking for a reasonable match with the description of the atom.
The resulting file (``formamide.lt``) follows:
.. code-block:: bash
_FAM inherits OPLSAA {
# atomID molID atomType charge coordX coordY coordZ
write('Data Atoms') {
$atom:C00 $mol @atom:177 0.00 0.100 0.490 0.0
$atom:O01 $mol @atom:178 0.00 1.091 -0.250 0.0
$atom:N02 $mol @atom:179 0.00 -1.121 -0.181 0.0
$atom:H03 $mol @atom:182 0.00 -2.013 0.272 0.0
$atom:H04 $mol @atom:182 0.00 -1.056 -1.190 0.0
$atom:H05 $mol @atom:221 0.00 0.144 1.570 0.0
}
# A list of the bonds in the molecule:
# BondID AtomID1 AtomID2
write('Data Bond List') {
$bond:C1 $atom:C00 $atom:O01
$bond:C2 $atom:C00 $atom:H05
$bond:C3 $atom:C00 $atom:N02
$bond:C4 $atom:N02 $atom:H03
$bond:C5 $atom:N02 $atom:H04
}
}
You don't have to specify the charge in this example because they will
be assigned according to the atom type. Analogously, only a
"Data Bond List" section is needed as the atom type will determine the
bond type. The other bonded interactions (e.g. angles,
dihedrals, and impropers) will be automatically generated by
Moltemplate.
If the simulation is non-neutral, or Moltemplate complains that you have
missing bond, angle, or dihedral types, this means at least one of your
atom types is incorrect.
The second step is to create a master file with instructions to build a
starting structure and the LAMMPS commands to run an NPT simulation. The
master file (``solv_01.lt``) follows:
.. code-block:: bash
# Import the force field.
import /usr/local/moltemplate/moltemplate/force_fields/oplsaa.lt
import formamide.lt # after oplsaa.lt, as it depends on it.
# Create the input sample.
solv = new _FAM [5].move( 4.6, 0, 0)
[5].move( 0, 4.6, 0)
[5].move( 0, 0, 4.6)
solv[*][*][*].move(-11.5, -11.5, -11.5)
# Set the simulation box.
write_once("Data Boundary") {
-11.5 11.5 xlo xhi
-11.5 11.5 ylo yhi
-11.5 11.5 zlo zhi
}
# Create an input deck for LAMMPS.
write_once("In Init"){
# Input variables.
variable run string solv_01 # output name
variable ts equal 1 # timestep
variable temp equal 300 # equilibrium temperature
variable p equal 1. # equilibrium pressure
variable d equal 1000 # output frequency
variable equi equal 5000 # Equilibration steps
variable prod equal 30000 # Production steps
# PBC (set them before the creation of the box).
boundary p p p
}
# Run an NPT simulation.
write_once("In Run"){
# Derived variables.
variable tcouple equal \$\{ts\}*100
variable pcouple equal \$\{ts\}*1000
# Output.
thermo \$d
thermo_style custom step etotal evdwl ecoul elong ebond eangle &
edihed eimp ke pe temp press vol density cpu
thermo_modify flush yes
# Trajectory.
dump TRJ all dcd \$d \$\{run\}.dcd
dump_modify TRJ unwrap yes
# Thermalisation and relaxation, NPT ensemble.
timestep \$\{ts\}
fix NPT all npt temp \$\{temp\} \$\{temp\} \$\{tcouple\} iso \$p \$p \$\{pcouple\}
velocity all create \$\{temp\} 858096 dist gaussian
# Short runs to update the PPPM settings as the box shinks.
run \$\{equi\} post no
run \$\{equi\} post no
run \$\{equi\} post no
run \$\{equi\}
# From now on, the density shouldn't change too much.
run \$\{prod\}
unfix NPT
}
The first two commands insert the content of files ``oplsaa.lt`` and
``formamide.lt`` into the master file. At this point, we can use the
command ``solv = new _FAM [N]`` to create N copies of a molecule of type
``_FAM``. In this case, we create an array of 5*5*5 molecules on a cubic
grid using the coordinate transformation command ``.move( 4.6, 0, 0)``.
See the Moltemplate documentation to learn more about the syntax. As
the sample was created from scratch, we also specify the simulation box
size in the "Data Boundary" section.
The LAMMPS setting for the force field are specified in the file
``oplsaa.lt`` and are written automatically in the input deck. We also
specify the boundary conditions and a set of variables in
the "In Init" section. The remaining commands to run an NPT simulation
are written in the "In Run" section. Note that in this script, LAMMPS
variables are protected with the escape character ``\`` to distinguish
them from Moltemplate variables, e.g. ``\$\{run\}`` is a LAMMPS
variable that is written in the input deck as ``${run}``.
Compile the master file with:
.. code-block:: bash
moltemplate.sh -overlay-all solv_01.lt
And execute the simulation with the following:
.. code-block:: bash
mpirun -np 4 lmp -in solv_01.in -l solv_01.log
.. figure:: JPG/solv_01.png
:figwidth: 80%
:figclass: align-center
Snapshot of the sample at the beginning and end of the simulation.
Rendered with Ovito.
Mapping an existing structure
"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
Another helpful way to use Moltemplate is mapping an existing molecular
sample to a force field. This is useful when a complex sample is
assembled from different simulations or created with specialized
software (e.g. PACKMOL). As in the previous example, all molecular
species in the sample must be defined using single-molecule Moltemplate
objects. For this example, we use a short polymer in a box containing
water molecules and ions in the PDB file ``model.pdb``.
It is essential to understand that the order of atoms in the PDB file
and in the Moltemplate master script must match, as we are using the
coordinates from the PDB file in the order they appear. The order of
atoms and molecules in the PDB file provided is as follows:
- 500 water molecules, with atoms ordered in this sequence:
.. parsed-literal::
ATOM 1 O MOL D 1 5.901 7.384 1.103 0.00 0.00 DUM
ATOM 2 H MOL D 1 6.047 8.238 0.581 0.00 0.00 DUM
ATOM 3 H MOL D 1 6.188 7.533 2.057 0.00 0.00 DUM
- 1 polymer molecule.
- 1 Ca\ :sup:`2+` ion.
- 2 Cl\ :sup:`-` ions.
In the master LT file, this sequence of molecules is matched with the
following commands:
.. code-block:: bash
# Create the sample.
wat=new SPC[500]
pol=new PolyNIPAM[1]
cat=new Ca[1]
ani=new Cl[2]
Note that the first command would create 500 water molecules in the
same position in space, and the other commands will use the coordinates
specified in the corresponding molecular topology block. However, the
coordinates will be overwritten by rendering an external atomic
structure file. Note that if the same molecule species are scattered in
the input structure, it is recommended to reorder and group together
for molecule types to facilitate the creation of the input sample.
The molecular topology for the polymer is created as in the previous
example, with the atom types assigned as in the following schema:
.. figure:: JPG/PolyNIPAM.jpg
:scale: 30%
:align: center
Atom types assigned to the polymer's repeating unit.
The molecular topology of the water and ions is stated directly into
the master file for the sake of space, but they could also be written
in a separate file(s) and imported before the sample is created.
The resulting master LT file defining short annealing at a fixed volume
(NVT) follows:
.. code-block:: bash
# Use the OPLS-AA force field for all species.
import /usr/local/moltemplate/moltemplate/force_fields/oplsaa.lt
import PolyNIPAM.lt
# Define the SPC water and ions as in the OPLS-AA
Ca inherits OPLSAA {
write("Data Atoms"){
$atom:a1 $mol:. @atom:354 0.0 0.00000 0.00000 0.000000
}
}
Cl inherits OPLSAA {
write("Data Atoms"){
$atom:a1 $mol:. @atom:344 0.0 0.00000 0.00000 0.000000
}
}
SPC inherits OPLSAA {
write("Data Atoms"){
$atom:O $mol:. @atom:76 0. 0.0000000 0.00000 0.000000
$atom:H1 $mol:. @atom:77 0. 0.8164904 0.00000 0.5773590
$atom:H2 $mol:. @atom:77 0. -0.8164904 0.00000 0.5773590
}
write("Data Bond List") {
$bond:OH1 $atom:O $atom:H1
$bond:OH2 $atom:O $atom:H2
}
}
# Create the sample.
wat=new SPC[500]
pol=new PolyNIPAM[1]
cat=new Ca[1]
ani=new Cl[2]
# Periodic boundary conditions:
write_once("Data Boundary"){
0 26 xlo xhi
0 26 ylo yhi
0 26 zlo zhi
}
# Define the input variables.
write_once("In Init"){
# Input variables.
variable run string sample01 # output name
variable ts equal 2 # timestep
variable temp equal 298.15 # equilibrium temperature
variable p equal 1. # equilibrium pressure
variable equi equal 30000 # equilibration steps
# PBC (set them before the creation of the box).
boundary p p p
neighbor 3 bin
}
# Run an NVT simulation.
write_once("In Run"){
# Set the output.
thermo 1000
thermo_style custom step etotal evdwl ecoul elong ebond eangle &
edihed eimp pe ke temp press atoms vol density cpu
thermo_modify flush yes
compute pe1 all pe/atom pair
dump TRJ all custom 100 \$\{run\}.dump id xu yu zu c_pe1
# Minimise the input structure, just in case.
minimize .01 .001 1000 100000
write_data \$\{run\}.min
# Set the constrains.
group watergroup type @atom:76 @atom:77
fix 0 watergroup shake 0.0001 10 0 b @bond:042_043 a @angle:043_042_043
# Short annealing.
timestep \$\{ts\}
fix 1 all nvt temp \$\{temp\} \$\{temp\} \$(100*dt)
velocity all create \$\{temp\} 315443
run \$\{equi\}
unfix 1
}
In this example, the water model is SPC and it is defined in the
``oplsaa.lt`` file with atom types ``@atom:76`` and ``@atom:77``. For
water we also use the ``group`` and ``fix shake`` commands with
Moltemplate ``@``-type variables, to ensure consistency with the
numerical values assigned during compilation. To identify the bond and
angle types, look for the extended ``@atom`` IDs, which in this case
are:
.. code-block:: bash
replace{ @atom:76 @atom:76_b042_a042_d042_i042 }
replace{ @atom:77 @atom:77_b043_a043_d043_i043 }
From which we can identify the following "Data Bonds By Type":
``@bond:042_043 @atom:*_b042*_a*_d*_i* @atom:*_b043*_a*_d*_i*`` and
"Data Angles By Type": ``@angle:043_042_043 @atom:*_b*_a043*_d*_i*
@atom:*_b*_a042*_d*_i* @atom:*_b*_a043*_d*_i*``
Compile the master file with:
.. code-block:: bash
moltemplate.sh -overlay-all -pdb model.pdb sample01.lt
And execute the simulation with the following:
.. code-block:: bash
mpirun -np 4 lmp -in sample01.in -l sample01.log
.. figure:: JPG/sample01.png
:figwidth: 50%
:figclass: align-center
Sample visualized with Ovito loading the trajectory into the DATA
file written after minimization.
------------
.. _OPLSAA96:
**(OPLS-AA)** Jorgensen, Maxwell, Tirado-Rives, J Am Chem Soc,
118(45), 11225-11236 (1996).

7
doc/src/Howto_structured_data.rst
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@ -52,8 +52,8 @@ JSON
"ke": 2.4962152903997174569
}
YAML format thermo_style output
===============================
YAML format thermo_style or dump_style output
=============================================
Extracting data from log file
-----------------------------
@ -112,6 +112,9 @@ of that run:
Number of runs: 2
TotEng = -4.62140097780047
Extracting data from dump file
------------------------------
.. versionadded:: 4May2022
YAML format output has been added to multiple commands in LAMMPS,

21
doc/src/Howto_tip4p.rst
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@ -193,11 +193,14 @@ file changed):
write_data tip4p-implicit.data nocoeff
Below is the code for a LAMMPS input file using the explicit method and
a TIP4P molecule file. Because of using :doc:`fix rigid/nvt/small
a TIP4P molecule file. Because of using :doc:`fix rigid/small
<fix_rigid>` no bonds need to be defined and thus no extra storage needs
to be reserved for them, but we need to switch to atom style full or use
:doc:`fix property/atom mol <fix_property_atom>` so that fix
rigid/nvt/small can identify rigid bodies by their molecule ID:
to be reserved for them, but we need to either switch to atom style full
or use :doc:`fix property/atom mol <fix_property_atom>` so that fix
rigid/small can identify rigid bodies by their molecule ID. Also a
:doc:`neigh_modify exclude <neigh_modify>` command is added to exclude
computing intramolecular non-bonded interactions, since those are
removed by the rigid fix anyway:
.. code-block:: LAMMPS
@ -216,17 +219,17 @@ rigid/nvt/small can identify rigid bodies by their molecule ID:
pair_coeff 2 2 0.0 1.0
pair_coeff 3 3 0.0 1.0
fix mol all property/atom mol
fix mol all property/atom mol ghost yes
molecule water tip4p.mol
create_atoms 0 random 33 34564 NULL mol water 25367 overlap 1.33
neigh_modify exclude molecule/intra all
timestep 0.5
fix integrate all rigid/nvt/small molecule temp 300.0 300.0 100.0
velocity all create 300.0 5463576
fix integrate all rigid/small molecule langevin 300.0 300.0 100.0 2345634
thermo_style custom step temp press etotal density pe ke
thermo 1000
run 20000
thermo 2000
run 40000
write_data tip4p-explicit.data nocoeff
.. _tip4p_molecule:

14
doc/src/Howto_tip5p.rst
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@ -81,11 +81,13 @@ long-range Coulombic solver (e.g. Ewald or PPPM in LAMMPS).
Below is the code for a LAMMPS input file for setting up a simulation of
TIP5P water with a molecule file. Because of using :doc:`fix
rigid/nvt/small <fix_rigid>` no bonds need to be defined and thus no
extra storage needs to be reserved for them, but we need to switch to
rigid/small <fix_rigid>` no bonds need to be defined and thus no extra
storage needs to be reserved for them, but we need to either switch to
atom style full or use :doc:`fix property/atom mol <fix_property_atom>`
so that fix rigid/nvt/small can identify rigid bodies by their molecule
ID:
so that fix rigid/small can identify rigid bodies by their molecule ID.
Also a :doc:`neigh_modify exclude <neigh_modify>` command is added to
exclude computing intramolecular non-bonded interactions, since those
are removed by the rigid fix anyway:
.. code-block:: LAMMPS
@ -107,11 +109,11 @@ ID:
fix mol all property/atom mol
molecule water tip5p.mol
create_atoms 0 random 33 34564 NULL mol water 25367 overlap 1.33
neigh_modify exclude molecule/intra all
timestep 0.5
fix integrate all rigid/nvt/small molecule temp 300.0 300.0 100.0
fix integrate all rigid/small molecule langevin 300.0 300.0 50.0 235664
reset_timestep 0
velocity all create 300.0 5463576
thermo_style custom step temp press etotal density pe ke
thermo 1000

20
doc/src/Install_git.rst
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@ -28,16 +28,16 @@ provides `limited support for subversion clients <svn_>`_.
You can follow the LAMMPS development on 4 different git branches:
* **release** : this branch is updated with every patch or feature release;
updates are always "fast-forward" merges from *develop*
* **develop** : this branch follows the ongoing development and
is updated with every merge commit of a pull request
* **stable** : this branch is updated from the *release* branch with
every stable release version and also has selected bug fixes with every
update release when the *maintenance* branch is merged into it
* **maintenance** : this branch collects back-ported bug fixes from the
*develop* branch to the *stable* branch. It is used to update *stable*
for update releases and it synchronized with *stable* at each stable release.
* **develop** : this branch follows the ongoing development and is
updated with every merge commit of a pull request
* **release** : this branch is updated with every "feature release";
updates are always "fast-forward" merges from *develop*
* **maintenance** : this branch collects back-ported bug fixes from the
*develop* branch to the *stable* branch. It is used to update the
*stable* branch for "stable update releases".
* **stable** : this branch is updated from the *release* branch with
every "stable release" version and also has selected bug fixes with
every "update release" when the *maintenance* branch is merged into it
To access the git repositories on your box, use the clone command to
create a local copy of the LAMMPS repository with a command like:

2
doc/src/Intro_citing.rst
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@ -47,6 +47,8 @@ In addition there are DOIs generated for individual stable releases:
- 3 March 2020 version: `DOI:10.5281/zenodo.3726417 <https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3726417>`_
- 29 October 2020 version: `DOI:10.5281/zenodo.4157471 <https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4157471>`_
- 29 September 2021 version: `DOI:10.5281/zenodo.6386596 <https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6386596>`_
- 23 June 2022 version: `DOI:10.5281/zenodo.10806836 <https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10806836>`_
- 2 August 2023 version: `DOI:10.5281/zenodo.10806852 <https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10806852>`_
Home page
^^^^^^^^^

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16
doc/src/Library.rst
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@ -80,13 +80,15 @@ run LAMMPS in serial mode.
:class: note
If the LAMMPS executable encounters an error condition, it will abort
after printing an error message. For a library interface this is
usually not desirable. Thus LAMMPS can be compiled to to :ref:`throw
a C++ exception <exceptions>` instead. If enabled, the library
functions will catch those exceptions and return. The error status
:cpp:func:`can be queried <lammps_has_error>` and an :cpp:func:`error
message retrieved <lammps_get_last_error_message>`. We thus
recommend enabling C++ exceptions when using the library interface,
after printing an error message. It does so by catching the
exceptions that LAMMPS could throw. For a C library interface this
is usually not desirable since the calling code might lack the
ability to catch such exceptions. Thus, the library functions will
catch those exceptions and return from the affected functions. The
error status :cpp:func:`can be queried <lammps_has_error>` and an
:cpp:func:`error message retrieved <lammps_get_last_error_message>`.
This is, for example used by the :doc:`LAMMPS python module
<Python_module>` and then a suitable Python exception is thrown.
.. admonition:: Using the C library interface as a plugin
:class: note

12
doc/src/Library_objects.rst
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@ -9,6 +9,8 @@ fixes, or variables in LAMMPS using the following functions:
- :cpp:func:`lammps_extract_variable_datatype`
- :cpp:func:`lammps_extract_variable`
- :cpp:func:`lammps_set_variable`
- :cpp:func:`lammps_set_string_variable`
- :cpp:func:`lammps_set_internal_variable`
- :cpp:func:`lammps_variable_info`
-----------------------
@ -38,6 +40,16 @@ fixes, or variables in LAMMPS using the following functions:
-----------------------
.. doxygenfunction:: lammps_set_string_variable
:project: progguide
-----------------------
.. doxygenfunction:: lammps_set_internal_variable
:project: progguide
-----------------------
.. doxygenfunction:: lammps_variable_info
:project: progguide

99
doc/src/Manual_version.rst
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@ -3,45 +3,25 @@ What does a LAMMPS version mean
The LAMMPS "version" is the date when it was released, such as 1 May
2014. LAMMPS is updated continuously, and we aim to keep it working
correctly and reliably at all times. You can follow its development
in a public `git repository on GitHub <https://github.com/lammps/lammps>`_.
Modifications of the LAMMPS source code (like bug fixes, code refactors,
updates to existing features, or addition of new features) are organized
into pull requests. Pull requests will be merged into the *develop*
branch of the git repository after they pass automated testing and code
review by the LAMMPS developers. When a sufficient number of changes
have accumulated *and* the *develop* branch version passes an extended
set of automated tests, we release it as a *feature release*, which are
currently made every 4 to 8 weeks. The *release* branch of the git
repository is updated with every such release. A summary of the most
important changes of the patch releases are on `this website page
<https://www.lammps.org/bug.html>`_. More detailed release notes are
`available on GitHub <https://github.com/lammps/lammps/releases/>`_.
Once or twice a year, we have a "stabilization period" where we apply
only bug fixes and small, non-intrusive changes to the *develop*
branch. At the same time, the code is subjected to more detailed and
thorough manual testing than the default automated testing. Also,
several variants of static code analysis are run to improve the overall
code quality, consistency, and compliance with programming standards,
best practices and style conventions.
The release after such a stabilization period is called a *stable*
version and both, the *release* and the *stable* branches are updated
with it. Between stable releases, we collect back-ported bug fixes and
updates from the *develop* branch in the *maintenance* branch. From the
*maintenance* branch we make occasional update releases and update the
*stable* branch accordingly.
correctly and reliably at all times. Also, several variants of static
code analysis are run regularly to maintain or improve the overall code
quality, consistency, and compliance with programming standards, best
practices and style conventions. You can follow its development in a
public `git repository on GitHub <https://github.com/lammps/lammps>`_.
Each version of LAMMPS contains all the documented *features* up to and
including its version date. For recently added features, we add markers
to the documentation at which specific LAMMPS version a feature or
keyword was added or significantly changed.
The version date is printed to the screen and log file every time you run
LAMMPS. It is also in the file src/version.h and in the LAMMPS
directory name created when you unpack a tarball. And it is on the
Identifying the Version
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
The version date is printed to the screen and log file every time you
run LAMMPS. There also is an indication, if a LAMMPS binary was
compiled from version with modifications **after** a release.
It is also visible in the file src/version.h and in the LAMMPS directory
name created when you unpack a downloaded tarball. And it is on the
first page of the :doc:`manual <Manual>`.
* If you browse the HTML pages of the online version of the LAMMPS
@ -53,3 +33,56 @@ first page of the :doc:`manual <Manual>`.
* If you browse the HTML pages included in your downloaded tarball, they
describe the version you have, which may be older than the online
version.
LAMMPS releases, branches, and tags
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
.. figure:: JPG/lammps-releases.png
:figclass: align-center
Relations between releases, main branches, and tags in the LAMMPS git repository
Development
"""""""""""
Modifications of the LAMMPS source code (like bug fixes, code
refactoring, updates to existing features, or addition of new features)
are organized into pull requests. Pull requests will be merged into the
*develop* branch of the git repository after they pass automated testing
and code review by the LAMMPS developers.
Feature Releases
""""""""""""""""
When a sufficient number of new features and updates have accumulated
*and* the LAMMPS version on the *develop* branch passes an extended set
of automated tests, we release it as a *feature release*, which are
currently made every 4 to 8 weeks. The *release* branch of the git
repository is updated with every such *feature release* and a tag in the
format ``patch_1May2014`` is added. A summary of the most important
changes of these releases for the current year are posted on `this
website page <https://www.lammps.org/bug.html>`_. More detailed release
notes are `available on GitHub
<https://github.com/lammps/lammps/releases/>`_.
Stable Releases
"""""""""""""""
About once a year, we release a *stable release* version of LAMMPS.
This is done after a "stabilization period" where we apply only bug
fixes and small, non-intrusive changes to the *develop* branch but no
new features. At the same time, the code is subjected to more detailed
and thorough manual testing than the default automated testing.
After such a *stable release*, both the *release* and the *stable*
branches are updated and two tags are applied, a ``patch_1May2014`` format
and a ``stable_1May2014`` format tag.
Stable Release Updates
""""""""""""""""""""""
Between *stable releases*, we collect bug fixes and updates back-ported
from the *develop* branch in a branch called *maintenance*. From the
*maintenance* branch we make occasional *stable update releases* and
update the *stable* branch accordingly. The first update to the
``stable_1May2014`` release would be tagged as
``stable_1May2014_update1``. These updates contain no new features.

33
doc/src/Modify_style.rst
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@ -96,6 +96,39 @@ list all non-conforming lines. By adding the `-f` flag to the command
line, they will modify the flagged files to try to remove the detected
issues.
Constants (strongly preferred)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Global or per-file constants should be declared as `static constexpr`
variables rather than via the pre-processor with `#define`. The name of
constants should be all uppercase. This has multiple advantages:
- constants are easily identified as such by their all upper case name
- rather than a pure text substitution during pre-processing, `constexpr
variables` have a type associated with them and are processed later in
the parsing process where the syntax checks and type specific
processing (e.g. via overloads) can be applied to them.
- compilers can emit a warning if the constant is not used and thus can
be removed (we regularly check for and remove dead code like this)
- there are no unexpected substitutions and thus confusing syntax errors
when compiling leading to, for instance, conflicts so that LAMMPS
cannot be compiled with certain combinations of packages (this *has*
happened multiple times in the past).
Pre-processor defines should be limited to macros (but consider C++
templates) and conditional compilation. If a per-processor define must
be used, it should be defined at the top of the .cpp file after the
include statements and at all cost it should be avoided to put them into
header files.
Some sets of commonly used constants are provided in the ``MathConst``
and ``EwaldConst`` namespaces and implemented in the files
``math_const.h`` and ``ewald_const.h``, respectively.
There are always exceptions, special cases, and legacy code in LAMMPS,
so please contact the LAMMPS developers if you are not sure.
Placement of braces (strongly preferred)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

2
doc/src/Packages_details.rst
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@ -2226,7 +2226,7 @@ and third order tensor from finite differences.
**Install:**
The PHONON package requires that also the :ref:`KSPACE <PKG-KSPACE>`
The fix phonon command also requires that the :ref:`KSPACE <PKG-KSPACE>`
package is installed.

14
doc/src/Python_error.rst
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@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
Handling LAMMPS errors
**********************
The shared library is compiled with :ref:`C++ exception support
<exceptions>` to provide a better error handling experience. C++
exceptions allow capturing errors on the C++ side and rethrowing them on
the Python side. This way LAMMPS errors can be handled through the
Python exception handling mechanism.
LAMMPS and the LAMMPS library are compiled with :ref:`C++ exception support
<exceptions>` to provide a better error handling experience. LAMMPS errors
trigger throwing a C++ exception. These exceptions allow capturing errors on
the C++ side and rethrowing them on the Python side. This way LAMMPS errors
can be handled through the Python exception handling mechanism.
.. code-block:: python
@ -15,9 +15,7 @@ Python exception handling mechanism.
try:
# LAMMPS will normally terminate itself and the running process if an error
# occurs. This would kill the Python interpreter. To avoid this, make sure to
# compile with LAMMPS_EXCEPTIONS enabled. This ensures the library API calls
# will not terminate the parent process. Instead, the library wrapper will
# occurs. This would kill the Python interpreter. The library wrapper will
# detect that an error has occured and throw a Python exception
lmp.command('unknown')

3
doc/src/Python_install.rst
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@ -5,8 +5,7 @@ The LAMMPS Python module enables calling the :ref:`LAMMPS C library API
<lammps_c_api>` from Python by dynamically loading functions in the
LAMMPS shared library through the Python `ctypes <ctypes_>`_
module. Because of the dynamic loading, it is required that LAMMPS is
compiled in :ref:`"shared" mode <exe>`. It is also recommended to
compile LAMMPS with :ref:`C++ exceptions <exceptions>` enabled.
compiled in :ref:`"shared" mode <exe>`.
Two components are necessary for Python to be able to invoke LAMMPS code:

19
doc/src/Run_output.rst
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@ -49,14 +49,17 @@ simulation. An example set of statistics is shown here:
----------
The first section provides a global loop timing summary. The *loop time*
is the total wall-clock time for the simulation to run. The
*Performance* line is provided for convenience to help predict how long
it will take to run a desired physical simulation and to have numbers
useful for performance comparison between different simulation settings
or system sizes. The *CPU use* line provides the CPU utilization per
MPI task; it should be close to 100% times the number of OpenMP threads
(or 1 of not using OpenMP). Lower numbers correspond to delays due to
file I/O or insufficient thread utilization.
is the total wall-clock time for the MD steps of the simulation run,
excluding the time for initialization and setup (i.e. the parts that may
be skipped with :doc:`run N pre no <run>`). The *Performance* line is
provided for convenience to help predict how long it will take to run a
desired physical simulation and to have numbers useful for performance
comparison between different simulation settings or system sizes. The
*CPU use* line provides the CPU utilization per MPI task; it should be
close to 100% times the number of OpenMP threads (or 1 if not using
OpenMP). Lower numbers correspond to delays due to file I/O or
insufficient thread utilization from parts of the code that have not
been multi-threaded.
----------

64
doc/src/Speed_kokkos.rst
View File

@ -20,11 +20,28 @@ including Sikandar Mashayak (UIUC), Ray Shan (Sandia), and Dan Ibanez
(Sandia). For more information on developing using Kokkos abstractions
see the `Kokkos Wiki <https://github.com/kokkos/kokkos/wiki>`_.
Kokkos currently provides support for 4 modes of execution (per MPI
.. note::
The Kokkos library is under active development and tracking the
availability of accelerator hardware, so is the KOKKOS package in
LAMMPS. This means that only a certain range of versions of the
Kokkos library are compatible with the KOKKOS package of a certain
range of LAMMPS versions. For that reason LAMMPS comes with a
bundled version of the Kokkos library that has been validated on
multiple platforms and may contain selected back-ported bug fixes
from upstream Kokkos versions. While it is possible to build LAMMPS
with an external version of Kokkos, it is untested and may result in
incorrect execution or crashes.
Kokkos currently provides full support for 4 modes of execution (per MPI
task). These are Serial (MPI-only for CPUs and Intel Phi), OpenMP
(threading for many-core CPUs and Intel Phi), CUDA (for NVIDIA
GPUs) and HIP (for AMD GPUs). You choose the mode at build time to
produce an executable compatible with a specific hardware.
(threading for many-core CPUs and Intel Phi), CUDA (for NVIDIA GPUs) and
HIP (for AMD GPUs). Additional modes (e.g. OpenMP target, Intel data
center GPUs) are under development. You choose the mode at build time
to produce an executable compatible with a specific hardware.
The following compatibility notes have been last updated for LAMMPS
version 23 November 2023 and Kokkos version 4.2.
.. admonition:: C++17 support
:class: note
@ -54,22 +71,22 @@ produce an executable compatible with a specific hardware.
:class: note
Kokkos with CUDA currently implicitly assumes that the MPI library is
GPU-aware. This is not always the case, especially when using
GPU-aware. This is not always the case, especially when using
pre-compiled MPI libraries provided by a Linux distribution. This is
not a problem when using only a single GPU with a single MPI
rank. When running with multiple MPI ranks, you may see segmentation
rank. When running with multiple MPI ranks, you may see segmentation
faults without GPU-aware MPI support. These can be avoided by adding
the flags :doc:`-pk kokkos gpu/aware off <Run_options>` to the
LAMMPS command line or by using the command :doc:`package kokkos
gpu/aware off <package>` in the input file.
.. admonition:: AMD GPU support
.. admonition:: Intel Data Center GPU support
:class: note
To build with Kokkos the HIPCC compiler from the AMD ROCm software
version 3.5 or later is required. Supporting this Kokkos mode in
LAMMPS is still work in progress. Please contact the LAMMPS developers
if you run into problems.
Support for Kokkos with Intel Data Center GPU accelerators (formerly
known under the code name "Ponte Vecchio") in LAMMPS is still a work
in progress. Only a subset of the functionality works correctly.
Please contact the LAMMPS developers if you run into problems.
Building LAMMPS with the KOKKOS package
"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
@ -292,6 +309,10 @@ one or more nodes, each with two GPUs:
settings. Experimenting with its options can provide a speed-up for
specific calculations. For example:
.. code-block:: bash
mpirun -np 2 lmp_kokkos_cuda_openmpi -k on g 2 -sf kk -pk kokkos newton on neigh half binsize 2.8 -in in.lj # Newton on, half neighbor list, set binsize = neighbor ghost cutoff
.. note::
The default binsize for :doc:`atom sorting <atom_modify>` on GPUs
@ -302,9 +323,15 @@ one or more nodes, each with two GPUs:
frequent sorting than default (e.g. sorting every 100 time steps
instead of 1000) may improve performance.
.. code-block:: bash
.. note::
mpirun -np 2 lmp_kokkos_cuda_openmpi -k on g 2 -sf kk -pk kokkos newton on neigh half binsize 2.8 -in in.lj # Newton on, half neighbor list, set binsize = neighbor ghost cutoff
When running on GPUs with many MPI ranks (tens of thousands and
more), the creation of the atom map (required for molecular systems)
on the GPU can slow down significantly or run out of GPU memory and
thus slow down the whole calculation or cause a crash. You can use
the "-pk kokkos atom/map no" :doc:`command-line switch <Run_options>`
of the :doc:`package kokkos atom/map no <package>` command to create
the atom map on the CPU instead.
.. note::
@ -416,15 +443,22 @@ Generally speaking, the following rules of thumb apply:
performance of a KOKKOS style is a bit slower than the OPENMP
package.
* When running large number of atoms per GPU, KOKKOS is typically faster
than the GPU package when compiled for double precision. The benefit
than the GPU package when compiled for double precision. The benefit
of using single or mixed precision with the GPU package depends
significantly on the hardware in use and the simulated system and pair
style.
* When running on Intel hardware, KOKKOS is not as fast as
* When running on Intel Phi hardware, KOKKOS is not as fast as
the INTEL package, which is optimized for x86 hardware (not just
from Intel) and compilation with the Intel compilers. The INTEL
package also can increase the vector length of vector instructions
by switching to single or mixed precision mode.
* The KOKKOS package by default assumes that you are using exactly one
MPI rank per GPU. When trying to use multiple MPI ranks per GPU it is
mandatory to enable `CUDA Multi-Process Service (MPS)
<https://docs.nvidia.com/deploy/mps/index.html>`_ to get good
performance. In this case it is better to not use all available
MPI ranks in order to avoid competing with the MPS daemon for
CPU resources.
See the `Benchmark page <https://www.lammps.org/bench.html>`_ of the
LAMMPS website for performance of the KOKKOS package on different

4
doc/src/angle_charmm.rst
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@ -70,7 +70,9 @@ for more info.
Related commands
""""""""""""""""
:doc:`angle_coeff <angle_coeff>`
:doc:`angle_coeff <angle_coeff>`, :doc:`pair_style lj/charmm variants <pair_charmm>`,
:doc:`dihedral_style charmm <dihedral_charmm>`,
:doc:`dihedral_style charmmfsw <dihedral_charmm>`, :doc:`fix cmap <fix_cmap>`
Default
"""""""

19
doc/src/angle_lepton.rst
View File

@ -11,7 +11,16 @@ Syntax
.. code-block:: LAMMPS
angle_style lepton
angle_style style args
* style = *lepton*
* args = optional arguments
.. parsed-literal::
args = *auto_offset* or *no_offset*
*auto_offset* = offset the potential energy so that the value at theta0 is 0.0 (default)
*no_offset* = do not offset the potential energy
Examples
""""""""
@ -19,6 +28,7 @@ Examples
.. code-block:: LAMMPS
angle_style lepton
angle_style lepton no_offset
angle_coeff 1 120.0 "k*theta^2; k=250.0"
angle_coeff 2 90.0 "k2*theta^2 + k3*theta^3 + k4*theta^4; k2=300.0; k3=-100.0; k4=50.0"
@ -41,6 +51,13 @@ angle coefficient. For example `"200.0*theta^2"` represents a
U_{angle,i} = K (\theta_i - \theta_0)^2 = K \theta^2 \qquad \theta = \theta_i - \theta_0
.. versionchanged:: 7Feb2024
By default the potential energy U is shifted so that the value U is 0.0
for $theta = theta_0$. This is equivalent to using the optional keyword
*auto_offset*. When using the keyword *no_offset* instead, the
potential energy is not shifted.
The `Lepton library <https://simtk.org/projects/lepton>`_, that the
*lepton* angle style interfaces with, evaluates this expression string
at run time to compute the pairwise energy. It also creates an

614
doc/src/atom_style.rst
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@ -49,248 +49,221 @@ Examples
Description
"""""""""""
Define what style of atoms to use in a simulation. This determines
what attributes are associated with the atoms. This command must be
used before a simulation is setup via a :doc:`read_data <read_data>`,
:doc:`read_restart <read_restart>`, or :doc:`create_box <create_box>`
command.
The *atom_style* command selects which per-atom attributes are
associated with atoms in a LAMMPS simulation and thus stored and
communicated with those atoms as well as read from and stored in data
and restart files. Different models (e.g. :doc:`pair styles
<pair_style>`) require access to specific per-atom attributes and thus
require a specific atom style. For example, to compute Coulomb
interactions, the atom must have a "charge" (aka "q") attribute.
A number of distinct atom styles exist that combine attributes. Some
atom styles are a superset of other atom styles. Further attributes
may be added to atoms either via using a hybrid style which provides a
union of the attributes of the sub-styles, or via the :doc:`fix
property/atom <fix_property_atom>` command. The *atom_style* command
must be used before a simulation is setup via a :doc:`read_data
<read_data>`, :doc:`read_restart <read_restart>`, or :doc:`create_box
<create_box>` command.
.. note::
Many of the atom styles discussed here are only enabled if
LAMMPS was built with a specific package, as listed below in the
Restrictions section.
Many of the atom styles discussed here are only enabled if LAMMPS was
built with a specific package, as listed below in the Restrictions
section.
Once a style is assigned, it cannot be changed, so use a style general
enough to encompass all attributes. E.g. with style *bond*, angular
terms cannot be used or added later to the model. It is OK to use a
style more general than needed, though it may be slightly inefficient.
Once a style is selected and the simulation box defined, it cannot be
changed but only augmented with the :doc:`fix property/atom
<fix_property_atom>` command. So one should select an atom style
general enough to encompass all attributes required. E.g. with atom
style *bond*, it is not possible to define angles and use angle styles.
The choice of style affects what quantities are stored by each atom,
what quantities are communicated between processors to enable forces
to be computed, and what quantities are listed in the data file read
by the :doc:`read_data <read_data>` command.
It is OK to use a style more general than needed, though it may be
slightly inefficient because it will allocate and communicate
additional unused data.
These are the additional attributes of each style and the typical
kinds of physical systems they are used to model. All styles store
coordinates, velocities, atom IDs and types. See the
Atom style attributes
"""""""""""""""""""""
The atom style *atomic* has the minimum subset of per-atom attributes
and is also the default setting. It encompasses the following per-atom
attributes (name of the vector or array in the :doc:`Atom class
<Classes_atom>` is given in parenthesis): atom-ID (tag), type (type),
position (x), velocities (v), forces (f), image flags (image), group
membership (mask). Since all atom styles are a superset of atom style
*atomic*\ , they all include these attributes.
This table lists all the available atom styles, which attributes they
provide, which :doc:`package <Packages>` is required to use them, and
what the typical applications are that use them. See the
:doc:`read_data <read_data>`, :doc:`create_atoms <create_atoms>`, and
:doc:`set <set>` commands for info on how to set these various
quantities.
:doc:`set <set>` commands for details on how to set these various
quantities. More information about many of the styles is provided in
the Additional Information section below.
+--------------+-----------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| *amoeba* | molecular + charge + 1/5 neighbors | AMOEBA/HIPPO polarized force fields |
+--------------+-----------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| *angle* | bonds and angles | bead-spring polymers with stiffness |
+--------------+-----------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| *atomic* | only the default values | coarse-grain liquids, solids, metals |
+--------------+-----------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| *body* | mass, inertia moments, quaternion, angular momentum | arbitrary bodies |
+--------------+-----------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| *bond* | bonds | bead-spring polymers |
+--------------+-----------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| *charge* | charge | atomic system with charges |
+--------------+-----------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| *dielectric* | normx normy normz area/patch ed em epsilon curv | system with surface polarization |
+--------------+-----------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| *dipole* | charge and dipole moment | system with dipolar particles |
+--------------+-----------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| *dpd* | internal temperature and internal energies | DPD particles |
+--------------+-----------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| *edpd* | temperature and heat capacity | eDPD particles |
+--------------+-----------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| *electron* | charge and spin and eradius | electronic force field |
+--------------+-----------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| *ellipsoid* | shape, quaternion, angular momentum | aspherical particles |
+--------------+-----------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| *full* | molecular + charge | bio-molecules |
+--------------+-----------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| *line* | end points, angular velocity | rigid bodies |
+--------------+-----------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| *mdpd* | density | mDPD particles |
+--------------+-----------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| *molecular* | bonds, angles, dihedrals, impropers | uncharged molecules |
+--------------+-----------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| *oxdna* | nucleotide polarity | coarse-grained DNA and RNA models |
+--------------+-----------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| *peri* | mass, volume | mesoscopic Peridynamic models |
+--------------+-----------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| *smd* | volume, kernel diameter, contact radius, mass | solid and fluid SPH particles |
+--------------+-----------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| *sph* | rho, esph, cv | SPH particles |
+--------------+-----------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| *sphere* | diameter, mass, angular velocity | granular models |
+--------------+-----------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| *bpm/sphere* | diameter, mass, angular velocity, quaternion | granular bonded particle models (BPM)|
+--------------+-----------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| *spin* | magnetic moment | system with magnetic particles |
+--------------+-----------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| *tdpd* | chemical concentration | tDPD particles |
+--------------+-----------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| *template* | template index, template atom | small molecules with fixed topology |
+--------------+-----------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| *tri* | corner points, angular momentum | rigid bodies |
+--------------+-----------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| *wavepacket* | charge, spin, eradius, etag, cs_re, cs_im | AWPMD |
+--------------+-----------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
.. list-table::
:header-rows: 1
:widths: auto
* - Atom style
- Attributes
- Required package
- Applications
* - *amoeba*
- *full* + "1-5 special neighbor data"
- :ref:`AMOEBA <PKG-AMOEBA>`
- AMOEBA/HIPPO force fields
* - *angle*
- *bond* + "angle data"
- :ref:`MOLECULE <PKG-MOLECULE>`
- bead-spring polymers with stiffness
* - *atomic*
- tag, type, x, v, f, image, mask
-
- atomic liquids, solids, metals
* - *body*
- *atomic* + radius, rmass, angmom, torque, body
- :ref:`BODY <PKG-BODY>`
- arbitrary bodies, see :doc:`body howto <Howto_body>`
* - *bond*
- *atomic* + molecule, nspecial, special + "bond data"
- :ref:`MOLECULE <PKG-MOLECULE>`
- bead-spring polymers
* - *bpm/sphere*
- *bond* + radius, rmass, omega, torque, quat
- :ref:`BPM <PKG-BPM>`
- granular bonded particle models, see :doc:`BPM howto <Howto_bpm>`
* - *charge*
- *atomic* + q
-
- atomic systems with charges
* - *dielectric*
- *full* + mu, area, ed, em, epsilon, curvature, q_scaled
- :ref:`DIELECTRIC <PKG-DIELECTRIC>`
- systems with surface polarization
* - *dipole*
- *charge* + mu
- :ref:`DIPOLE <PKG-DIPOLE>`
- atomic systems with charges and point dipoles
* - *dpd*
- *atomic* + rho + "reactive DPD data"
- :ref:`DPD-REACT <PKG-DPD-REACT>`
- reactive DPD
* - *edpd*
- *atomic* + "eDPD data"
- :ref:`DPD-MESO <PKG-DPD-MESO>`
- Energy conservative DPD (eDPD)
* - *electron*
- *charge* + espin, eradius, ervel, erforce
- :ref:`EFF <PKG-EFF>`
- Electron force field systems
* - *ellipsoid*
- *atomic* + rmass, angmom, torque, ellipsoid
-
- aspherical particles
* - *full*
- *molecular* + q
- :ref:`MOLECULE <PKG-MOLECULE>`
- molecular force fields
* - *line*
- *atomic* + molecule, radius, rmass, omega, torque, line
-
- 2-d rigid body particles
* - *mdpd*
- *atomic* + rho, drho, vest
- :ref:`DPD-MESO <PKG-DPD-MESO>`
- Many-body DPD (mDPD)
* - *molecular*
- *angle* + "dihedral and improper data"
- :ref:`MOLECULE <PKG-MOLECULE>`
- apolar and uncharged molecules
* - *oxdna*
- *atomic* + id5p
- :ref:`CG-DNA <PKG-CG-DNA>`
- coarse-grained DNA and RNA models
* - *peri*
- *atomic* + rmass, vfrac, s0, x0
- :ref:`PERI <PKG-PERI>`
- mesoscopic Peridynamics models
* - *smd*
- *atomic* + molecule, radius, rmass + "smd data"
- :ref:`MACHDYN <PKG-MACHDYN>`
- Smooth Mach Dynamics models
* - *sph*
- *atomic* + "sph data"
- :ref:`SPH <PKG-SPH>`
- Smoothed particle hydrodynamics models
* - *sphere*
- *atomic* + radius, rmass, omega, torque
-
- finite size spherical particles, e.g. granular models
* - *spin*
- *atomic* + "magnetic moment data"
- :ref:`SPIN <PKG-SPIN>`
- magnetic particles
* - *tdpd*
- *atomic* + cc, cc_flux, vest
- :ref:`DPD-MESO <PKG-DPD-MESO>`
- Transport DPD (tDPD)
* - *template*
- *atomic* + molecule, molindex, molatom
- :ref:`MOLECULE <PKG-MOLECULE>`
- molecular systems where attributes are taken from :doc:`molecule files <molecule>`
* - *tri*
- *sphere* + molecule, angmom, tri
-
- 3-d triangulated rigid body LJ particles
* - *wavepacket*
- *charge* + "wavepacket data"
- :ref:`AWPMD <PKG-AWPMD>`
- Antisymmetrized wave packet MD
.. note::
It is possible to add some attributes, such as a molecule ID, to
atom styles that do not have them via the :doc:`fix property/atom
<fix_property_atom>` command. This command also allows new custom
attributes consisting of extra integer or floating-point values to
be added to atoms. See the :doc:`fix property/atom
<fix_property_atom>` page for examples of cases where this is
useful and details on how to initialize, access, and output the
custom values.
It is possible to add some attributes, such as a molecule ID and
charge, to atom styles that do not have them built in using the
:doc:`fix property/atom <fix_property_atom>` command. This command
also allows new custom-named attributes consisting of extra integer
or floating-point values or vectors to be added to atoms. See the
:doc:`fix property/atom <fix_property_atom>` page for examples of
cases where this is useful and details on how to initialize,
access, and output these custom values.
All of the above styles define point particles, except the *sphere*,
*bpm/sphere*, *ellipsoid*, *electron*, *peri*, *wavepacket*, *line*,
*tri*, and *body* styles, which define finite-size particles. See the
:doc:`Howto spherical <Howto_spherical>` page for an overview of using
finite-size particle models with LAMMPS.
----------
All of the point-particle styles assign mass to particles on a
per-type basis, using the :doc:`mass <mass>` command, The finite-size
particle styles assign mass to individual particles on a per-particle
basis.
Particle size and mass
""""""""""""""""""""""
For the *sphere* and *bpm/sphere* styles, the particles are spheres
and each stores a per-particle diameter and mass. If the diameter >
0.0, the particle is a finite-size sphere. If the diameter = 0.0, it
is a point particle. Note that by use of the *disc* keyword with the
:doc:`fix nve/sphere <fix_nve_sphere>`, :doc:`fix nvt/sphere
<fix_nvt_sphere>`, :doc:`fix nph/sphere <fix_nph_sphere>`,
:doc:`fix npt/sphere <fix_npt_sphere>` commands for the *sphere* style,
spheres can be effectively treated as 2d discs for a 2d simulation if
desired. See also the :doc:`set density/disc <set>` command. These
styles take an optional 0 or 1 argument. A value of 0 means the
radius of each sphere is constant for the duration of the simulation.
A value of 1 means the radii may vary dynamically during the simulation,
e.g. due to use of the :doc:`fix adapt <fix_adapt>` command.
All of the atom styles define point particles unless they (1) define
finite-size spherical particles via the *radius* attribute, or (2)
define finite-size aspherical particles (e.g. the *body*, *ellipsoid*,
*line*, and *tri* styles). Most of these styles can also be used with
mixtures of point and finite-size particles.
For the *ellipsoid* style, the particles are ellipsoids and each
stores a flag which indicates whether it is a finite-size ellipsoid or
a point particle. If it is an ellipsoid, it also stores a shape
vector with the 3 diameters of the ellipsoid and a quaternion 4-vector
with its orientation.
Note that the *radius* property may need to be provided as a
*diameter* (e.g. in :doc:`molecule files <molecule>` or :doc:`data
files <read_data>`). See the :doc:`Howto spherical <Howto_spherical>`
page for an overview of using finite-size spherical and aspherical
particle models with LAMMPS.
For the *dielectric* style, each particle can be either a physical
particle (e.g. an ion), or an interface particle representing a boundary
element between two regions of different dielectric constant. For
interface particles, in addition to the properties associated with
atom_style full, each particle also should be assigned a normal unit
vector (defined by normx, normy, normz), an area (area/patch), the
difference and mean of the dielectric constants of two sides of the
interface along the direction of the normal vector (ed and em), the
local dielectric constant at the boundary element (epsilon), and a mean
local curvature (curv). Physical particles must be assigned these
values, as well, but only their local dielectric constants will be used;
see documentation for associated :doc:`pair styles <pair_dielectric>`
and :doc:`fixes <fix_polarize>`. The distinction between the physical
and interface particles is only meaningful when :doc:`fix polarize
<fix_polarize>` commands are applied to the interface particles. This
style is part of the DIELECTRIC package.
Unless an atom style defines the per-atom *rmass* attribute, particle
masses are defined on a per-type basis, using the :doc:`mass <mass>`
command. This means each particle's mass is indexed by its atom
*type*.
For the *dipole* style, a point dipole is defined for each point
particle. Note that if you wish the particles to be finite-size
spheres as in a Stockmayer potential for a dipolar fluid, so that the
particles can rotate due to dipole-dipole interactions, then you need
to use atom_style hybrid sphere dipole, which will assign both a
diameter and dipole moment to each particle.
A few styles define the per-atom *rmass* attribute which can also be
added using the :doc:`fix property/atom <fix_property_atom>` command.
In this case each particle stores its own mass. Atom styles that have
a per-atom rmass may define it indirectly through setting particle
diameter and density on a per-particle basis. If both per-type mass
and per-atom *rmass* are defined (e.g. in a hybrid style), the
per-atom mass will take precedence in any operation which which works
with both flavors of mass.
For the *electron* style, the particles representing electrons are 3d
Gaussians with a specified position and bandwidth or uncertainty in
position, which is represented by the eradius = electron size.
----------
For the *peri* style, the particles are spherical and each stores a
per-particle mass and volume.
The *bpm/sphere* style is part of the BPM package.
The *oxdna* style is for coarse-grained nucleotides and stores the
3'-to-5' polarity of the nucleotide strand, which is set through
the bond topology in the data file. The first (second) atom in a
bond definition is understood to point towards the 3'-end (5'-end)
of the strand. Note that this style is part of the CG-DNA package.
The *dpd* style is for dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) particles.
Note that it is part of the DPD-REACT package, and is not for use with
the :doc:`pair_style dpd or dpd/stat <pair_dpd>` commands, which can
simply use atom_style atomic. Atom_style dpd extends DPD particle
properties with internal temperature (dpdTheta), internal conductive
energy (uCond), internal mechanical energy (uMech), and internal
chemical energy (uChem).
The *edpd* style is for energy-conserving dissipative particle
dynamics (eDPD) particles which store a temperature (edpd_temp), and
heat capacity(edpd_cv).
The *mdpd* style is for many-body dissipative particle dynamics (mDPD)
particles which store a density (rho) for considering
density-dependent many-body interactions.
The *tdpd* style is for transport dissipative particle dynamics (tDPD)
particles which store a set of chemical concentration. An integer
"cc_species" is required to specify the number of chemical species
involved in a tDPD system.
The *sph* style is for smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH)
particles which store a density (rho), energy (esph), and heat capacity
(cv).
The *smd* style is for a general formulation of Smooth Particle
Hydrodynamics. Both fluids and solids can be modeled. Particles
store the mass and volume of an integration point, a kernel diameter
used for calculating the field variables (e.g. stress and deformation)
and a contact radius for calculating repulsive forces which prevent
individual physical bodies from penetrating each other.
For the *spin* style, a magnetic spin is associated to each atom.
Those spins have a norm (their magnetic moment) and a direction.
The *wavepacket* style is similar to *electron*, but the electrons may
consist of several Gaussian wave packets, summed up with coefficients
cs= (cs_re,cs_im). Each of the wave packets is treated as a separate
particle in LAMMPS, wave packets belonging to the same electron must
have identical *etag* values.
For the *line* style, the particles are idealized line segments and
each stores a per-particle mass and length and orientation (i.e. the
end points of the line segment).
For the *tri* style, the particles are planar triangles and each
stores a per-particle mass and size and orientation (i.e. the corner
points of the triangle).
The *template* style allows molecular topology (bonds,angles,etc) to be
defined via a molecule template using the :doc:`molecule <molecule>`
command. The template stores one or more molecules with a single copy
of the topology info (bonds,angles,etc) of each. Individual atoms
only store a template index and template atom to identify which
molecule and which atom-within-the-molecule they represent. Using the
*template* style instead of the *bond*, *angle*, *molecular* styles
can save memory for systems comprised of a large number of small
molecules, all of a single type (or small number of types). See the
paper by Grime and Voth, in :ref:`(Grime) <Grime>`, for examples of how this
can be advantageous for large-scale coarse-grained systems.
The ``examples/template`` directory has a few demo inputs and examples
showing the use of the *template* atom style versus *molecular*.
.. note::
When using the *template* style with a :doc:`molecule template
<molecule>` that contains multiple molecules, you should ensure the
atom types, bond types, angle_types, etc in all the molecules are
consistent. E.g. if one molecule represents H2O and another CO2,
then you probably do not want each molecule file to define 2 atom
types and a single bond type, because they will conflict with each
other when a mixture system of H2O and CO2 molecules is defined,
e.g. by the :doc:`read_data <read_data>` command. Rather the H2O
molecule should define atom types 1 and 2, and bond type 1. And
the CO2 molecule should define atom types 3 and 4 (or atom types 3
and 2 if a single oxygen type is desired), and bond type 2.
Additional information about specific atom styles
"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
For the *body* style, the particles are arbitrary bodies with internal
attributes defined by the "style" of the bodies, which is specified by
@ -309,6 +282,148 @@ Note that there may be additional arguments required along with the
*bstyle* specification, in the atom_style body command. These
arguments are described on the :doc:`Howto body <Howto_body>` doc page.
For the *dielectric* style, each particle can be either a physical
particle (e.g. an ion), or an interface particle representing a boundary
element between two regions of different dielectric constant. For
interface particles, in addition to the properties associated with
atom_style full, each particle also should be assigned a normal unit
vector (defined by normx, normy, normz), an area (area/patch), the
difference and mean of the dielectric constants of two sides of the
interface along the direction of the normal vector (ed and em), the
local dielectric constant at the boundary element (epsilon), and a mean
local curvature (curv). Physical particles must be assigned these
values, as well, but only their local dielectric constants will be used;
see documentation for associated :doc:`pair styles <pair_dielectric>`
and :doc:`fixes <fix_polarize>`. The distinction between the physical
and interface particles is only meaningful when :doc:`fix polarize
<fix_polarize>` commands are applied to the interface particles. This
style is part of the DIELECTRIC package.
For the *dipole* style, a point dipole vector mu is defined for each
point particle. Note that if you wish the particles to be finite-size
spheres as in a Stockmayer potential for a dipolar fluid, so that the
particles can rotate due to dipole-dipole interactions, then you need
to use the command `atom_style hybrid sphere dipole`, which will
assign both a diameter and dipole moment to each particle. This also
requires using an integrator with a "/sphere" suffix like :doc:`fix
nve/sphere <fix_nve_sphere>` or :doc:`fix nvt/sphere <fix_nvt_sphere>`
and the "update dipole" or "update dlm" parameters to the fix
commands.
The *dpd* style is for reactive dissipative particle dynamics (DPD)
particles. Note that it is part of the DPD-REACT package, and is not
required for use with the :doc:`pair_style dpd or dpd/stat <pair_dpd>`
commands, which only require the attributes from atom_style *atomic*.
Atom_style *dpd* extends DPD particle properties with internal
temperature (dpdTheta), internal conductive energy (uCond), internal
mechanical energy (uMech), and internal chemical energy (uChem).
The *edpd* style is for energy-conserving dissipative particle
dynamics (eDPD) particles which store a temperature (edpd_temp), and
heat capacity (edpd_cv).
For the *electron* style, the particles representing electrons are 3d
Gaussians with a specified position and bandwidth or uncertainty in
position, which is represented by the eradius = electron size.
For the *ellipsoid* style, particles can be ellipsoids which each
stores a shape vector with the 3 diameters of the ellipsoid and a
quaternion 4-vector with its orientation. Each particle stores a flag
in the ellipsoid vector which indicates whether it is an ellipsoid (1)
or a point particle (0).
For the *line* style, particles can be are idealized line segments
which store a per-particle mass and length and orientation (i.e. the
end points of the line segment). Each particle stores a flag in the
line vector which indicates whether it is a line segment (1) or a
point particle (0).
The *mdpd* style is for many-body dissipative particle dynamics (mDPD)
particles which store a density (rho) for considering density-dependent
many-body interactions.
The *oxdna* style is for coarse-grained nucleotides and stores the
3'-to-5' polarity of the nucleotide strand, which is set through
the bond topology in the data file. The first (second) atom in a
bond definition is understood to point towards the 3'-end (5'-end)
of the strand.
For the *peri* style, the particles are spherical and each stores a
per-particle mass and volume.
The *smd* style is for Smooth Particle Mach dynamics. Both fluids and
solids can be modeled. Particles store the mass and volume of an
integration point, a kernel diameter used for calculating the field
variables (e.g. stress and deformation) and a contact radius for
calculating repulsive forces which prevent individual physical bodies
from penetrating each other.
The *sph* style is for smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) particles
which store a density (rho), energy (esph), and heat capacity (cv).
For the *spin* style, a magnetic spin is associated with each atom.
Those spins have a norm (their magnetic moment) and a direction.
The *tdpd* style is for transport dissipative particle dynamics (tDPD)
particles which store a set of chemical concentration. An integer
"cc_species" is required to specify the number of chemical species
involved in a tDPD system.
The *wavepacket* style is similar to the *electron* style, but the
electrons may consist of several Gaussian wave packets, summed up with
coefficients cs= (cs_re,cs_im). Each of the wave packets is treated
as a separate particle in LAMMPS, wave packets belonging to the same
electron must have identical *etag* values.
The *sphere* and *bpm/sphere* styles allow particles to be either point
particles or finite-size particles. If the *radius* attribute is >
0.0, the particle is a finite-size sphere. If the diameter = 0.0, it
is a point particle. Note that by using the *disc* keyword with the
:doc:`fix nve/sphere <fix_nve_sphere>`, :doc:`fix nvt/sphere
<fix_nvt_sphere>`, :doc:`fix nph/sphere <fix_nph_sphere>`, :doc:`fix
npt/sphere <fix_npt_sphere>` commands for the *sphere* style, spheres
can be effectively treated as 2d discs for a 2d simulation if desired.
See also the :doc:`set density/disc <set>` command. These styles also
take an optional 0 or 1 argument. A value of 0 means the radius of
each sphere is constant for the duration of the simulation (this is
the default). A value of 1 means the radii may vary dynamically
during the simulation, e.g. due to use of the :doc:`fix adapt
<fix_adapt>` command.
The *template* style allows molecular topology (bonds,angles,etc) to be
defined via a molecule template using the :doc:`molecule <molecule>`
command. The template stores one or more molecules with a single copy
of the topology info (bonds,angles,etc) of each. Individual atoms only
store a template index and template atom to identify which molecule and
which atom-within-the-molecule they represent. Using the *template*
style instead of the *bond*, *angle*, *molecular* styles can save memory
for systems comprised of a large number of small molecules, all of a
single type (or small number of types). See the paper by Grime and
Voth, in :ref:`(Grime) <Grime>`, for examples of how this can be
advantageous for large-scale coarse-grained systems. The
``examples/template`` directory has a few demo inputs and examples
showing the use of the *template* atom style versus *molecular*.
.. note::
When using the *template* style with a :doc:`molecule template
<molecule>` that contains multiple molecules, you should ensure the
atom types, bond types, angle_types, etc in all the molecules are
consistent. E.g. if one molecule represents H2O and another CO2,
then you probably do not want each molecule file to define 2 atom
types and a single bond type, because they will conflict with each
other when a mixture system of H2O and CO2 molecules is defined,
e.g. by the :doc:`read_data <read_data>` command. Rather the H2O
molecule should define atom types 1 and 2, and bond type 1. And
the CO2 molecule should define atom types 3 and 4 (or atom types 3
and 2 if a single oxygen type is desired), and bond type 2.
For the *tri* style, particles can be planar triangles which each
stores a per-particle mass and size and orientation (i.e. the corner
points of the triangle). Each particle stores a flag in the tri
vector which indicates whether it is a triangle (1) or a point
particle (0).
----------
Typically, simulations require only a single (non-hybrid) atom style.
@ -326,11 +441,12 @@ dipole". When a hybrid style is used, atoms store and communicate the
union of all quantities implied by the individual styles.
When using the *hybrid* style, you cannot combine the *template* style
with another molecular style that stores bond,angle,etc info on a
with another molecular style that stores bond, angle, etc info on a
per-atom basis.
LAMMPS can be extended with new atom styles as well as new body
styles; see the :doc:`Modify <Modify>` doc page.
LAMMPS can be extended with new atom styles as well as new body styles;
see the corresponding manual page on :doc:`modifying & extending LAMMPS
<Modify_atom>`.
----------
@ -346,54 +462,20 @@ This command cannot be used after the simulation box is defined by a
Many of the styles listed above are only enabled if LAMMPS was built
with a specific package, as listed below. See the :doc:`Build package
<Build_package>` page for more info.
The *amoeba* style is part of the AMOEBA package.
The *angle*, *bond*, *full*, *molecular*, and *template* styles are
part of the MOLECULE package.
The *line* and *tri* styles are part of the ASPHERE package.
The *body* style is part of the BODY package.
The *dipole* style is part of the DIPOLE package.
The *peri* style is part of the PERI package for Peridynamics.
The *oxdna* style is part of the CG-DNA package for coarse-grained
simulation of DNA and RNA.
The *electron* style is part of the EFF package for :doc:`electronic
force fields <pair_eff>`.
The *dpd* style is part of the DPD-REACT package for dissipative
particle dynamics (DPD).
The *edpd*, *mdpd*, and *tdpd* styles are part of the DPD-MESO package
for energy-conserving dissipative particle dynamics (eDPD), many-body
dissipative particle dynamics (mDPD), and transport dissipative particle
dynamics (tDPD), respectively.
The *sph* style is part of the SPH package for smoothed particle
hydrodynamics (SPH). See `this PDF guide
<PDF/SPH_LAMMPS_userguide.pdf>`_ to using SPH in LAMMPS.
The *spin* style is part of the SPIN package.
The *wavepacket* style is part of the AWPMD package for the
:doc:`antisymmetrized wave packet MD method <pair_awpmd>`.
<Build_package>` page for more info. The table above lists which package
is required for individual atom styles.
Related commands
""""""""""""""""
:doc:`read_data <read_data>`, :doc:`pair_style <pair_style>`
:doc:`read_data <read_data>`, :doc:`pair_style <pair_style>`,
:doc:`fix property/atom <fix_property_atom>`, :doc:`set <set>`
Default
"""""""
The default atom style is atomic. If atom_style sphere is used its
default argument is 0.
The default atom style is *atomic*. If atom_style *sphere* or
*bpm/sphere* is used, its default argument is 0.
----------

4
doc/src/bond_bpm_rotational.rst
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@ -147,8 +147,8 @@ By default, pair forces are not calculated between bonded particles.
Pair forces can alternatively be overlaid on top of bond forces by setting
the *overlay/pair* keyword to *yes*. These settings require specific
:doc:`special_bonds <special_bonds>` settings described in the
restrictions. Further details can be found in the :doc:`how to
<Howto_bpm>` page on BPMs.
restrictions. Further details can be found in the :doc:`how to <Howto_bpm>`
page on BPMs.
.. versionadded:: 28Mar2023

4
doc/src/bond_bpm_spring.rst
View File

@ -113,8 +113,8 @@ By default, pair forces are not calculated between bonded particles.
Pair forces can alternatively be overlaid on top of bond forces by setting
the *overlay/pair* keyword to *yes*. These settings require specific
:doc:`special_bonds <special_bonds>` settings described in the
restrictions. Further details can be found in the :doc:`how to
<Howto_bpm>` page on BPMs.
restrictions. Further details can be found in the :doc:`how to <Howto_bpm>`
page on BPMs.
.. versionadded:: 28Mar2023

19
doc/src/bond_lepton.rst
View File

@ -11,7 +11,16 @@ Syntax
.. code-block:: LAMMPS
bond_style lepton
bond_style style args
* style = *lepton*
* args = optional arguments
.. parsed-literal::
args = *auto_offset* or *no_offset*
*auto_offset* = offset the potential energy so that the value at r0 is 0.0 (default)
*no_offset* = do not offset the potential energy
Examples
""""""""
@ -19,6 +28,7 @@ Examples
.. code-block:: LAMMPS
bond_style lepton
bond_style lepton no_offset
bond_coeff 1 1.5 "k*r^2; k=250.0"
bond_coeff 2 1.1 "k2*r^2 + k3*r^3 + k4*r^4; k2=300.0; k3=-100.0; k4=50.0"
@ -40,6 +50,13 @@ constant *K* of 200.0 energy units:
U_{bond,i} = K (r_i - r_0)^2 = K r^2 \qquad r = r_i - r_0
.. versionchanged:: 7Feb2024
By default the potential energy U is shifted so that he value U is 0.0
for $r = r_0$. This is equivalent to using the optional keyword
*auto_offset*. When using the keyword *no_offset* instead, the
potential energy is not shifted.
The `Lepton library <https://simtk.org/projects/lepton>`_, that the
*lepton* bond style interfaces with, evaluates this expression string at
run time to compute the pairwise energy. It also creates an analytical

4
doc/src/compute.rst
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@ -264,6 +264,7 @@ The individual style names on the :doc:`Commands compute <Commands_compute>` pag
* :doc:`nbond/atom <compute_nbond_atom>` - calculates number of bonds per atom
* :doc:`omega/chunk <compute_omega_chunk>` - angular velocity for each chunk
* :doc:`orientorder/atom <compute_orientorder_atom>` - Steinhardt bond orientational order parameters Ql
* :doc:`pace <compute_pace>` - atomic cluster expansion descriptors and related quantities
* :doc:`pair <compute_pair>` - values computed by a pair style
* :doc:`pair/local <compute_pair_local>` - distance/energy/force of each pairwise interaction
* :doc:`pe <compute_pe>` - potential energy
@ -279,12 +280,15 @@ The individual style names on the :doc:`Commands compute <Commands_compute>` pag
* :doc:`property/grid <compute_property_grid>` - convert per-grid attributes to per-grid vectors/arrays
* :doc:`property/local <compute_property_local>` - convert local attributes to local vectors/arrays
* :doc:`ptm/atom <compute_ptm_atom>` - determines the local lattice structure based on the Polyhedral Template Matching method
* :doc:`rattlers/atom <compute_rattlers_atom>` - identify under-coordinated rattler atoms
* :doc:`rdf <compute_rdf>` - radial distribution function :math:`g(r)` histogram of group of atoms
* :doc:`reaxff/atom <compute_reaxff_atom>` - extract ReaxFF bond information
* :doc:`reduce <compute_reduce>` - combine per-atom quantities into a single global value
* :doc:`reduce/chunk <compute_reduce_chunk>` - reduce per-atom quantities within each chunk
* :doc:`reduce/region <compute_reduce>` - same as compute reduce, within a region
* :doc:`rigid/local <compute_rigid_local>` - extract rigid body attributes
* :doc:`saed <compute_saed>` - electron diffraction intensity on a mesh of reciprocal lattice nodes
* :doc:`slcsa/atom <compute_slcsa_atom>` - perform Supervised Learning Crystal Structure Analysis (SL-CSA)
* :doc:`slice <compute_slice>` - extract values from global vector or array
* :doc:`smd/contact/radius <compute_smd_contact_radius>` - contact radius for Smooth Mach Dynamics
* :doc:`smd/damage <compute_smd_damage>` - damage status of SPH particles in Smooth Mach Dynamics

19
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@ -204,8 +204,23 @@ angles per atom satisfying the ADF criteria.
Restrictions
""""""""""""
This compute is part of the EXTRA-COMPUTE package. It is only enabled if
LAMMPS was built with that package. See the :doc:`Build package <Build_package>` page for more info.
This compute is part of the EXTRA-COMPUTE package. It is only enabled
if LAMMPS was built with that package. See the :doc:`Build package
<Build_package>` page for more info.
By default, the ADF is not computed for distances longer than the
largest force cutoff, since the neighbor list creation will only contain
pairs up to that distance (plus neighbor list skin). If you use outer
cutoffs larger than that, you must use :doc:`neighbor style 'bin' or
'nsq' <neighbor>`.
If you want an ADF for a larger outer cutoff, you can also use the
:doc:`rerun <rerun>` command to post-process a dump file, use :doc:`pair
style zero <pair_zero>` and set the force cutoff to be larger in the
rerun script. Note that in the rerun context, the force cutoff is
arbitrary and with pair style zero you are not computing any forces, and
since you are not running dynamics you are not changing the model that
generated the trajectory.
The ADF is not computed for neighbors outside the force cutoff,
since processors (in parallel) don't know about atom coordinates for

2
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@ -102,6 +102,8 @@ This compute is part of the EXTRA-COMPUTE package. It is only enabled
if LAMMPS was built with that package. See the :doc:`Build package
<Build_package>` page for more info.
This compute requires :doc:`neighbor styles 'bin' or 'nsq' <neighbor>`.
Related commands
""""""""""""""""

4
doc/src/compute_composition_atom.rst
View File

@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ Examples
Description
"""""""""""
.. versionadded:: TBD
.. versionadded:: 21Nov2023
Define a computation that calculates a local composition vector for each
atom. For a central atom with :math:`M` neighbors within the neighbor cutoff sphere,
@ -107,6 +107,8 @@ This compute is part of the EXTRA-COMPUTE package. It is only enabled
if LAMMPS was built with that package. See the :doc:`Build package
<Build_package>` page for more info.
This compute requires :doc:`neighbor styles 'bin' or 'nsq' <neighbor>`.
Related commands
""""""""""""""""

9
doc/src/compute_contact_atom.rst
View File

@ -36,6 +36,9 @@ sum of the radii of the two particles.
The value of the contact number will be 0.0 for atoms not in the
specified compute group.
The optional *group2-ID* argument allows to specify from which group atoms
contribute to the coordination number. Default setting is group 'all'.
Output info
"""""""""""
@ -47,9 +50,6 @@ overview of LAMMPS output options.
The per-atom vector values will be a number :math:`\ge 0.0`, as explained
above.
The optional *group2-ID* argument allows to specify from which group atoms
contribute to the coordination number. Default setting is group 'all.'
Restrictions
""""""""""""
@ -69,6 +69,3 @@ Default
"""""""
*group2-ID* = all
none

2
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@ -106,6 +106,8 @@ Restrictions
This compute is part of the EXTRA-COMPUTE package. It is only enabled if
LAMMPS was built with that package.
This compute requires :doc:`neighbor styles 'bin' or 'nsq' <neighbor>`.
Related commands
""""""""""""""""

8
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View File

@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ tangential force tensor. The contact tensor is calculated as
.. math::
C_{ab} = \frac{15}{2} (\phi_{ab} - \mathrm{Tr}(\phi) \delta_{ab})
C_{ab} = \frac{15}{2} (\phi_{ab} - \frac{1}{3} \mathrm{Tr}(\phi) \delta_{ab})
where :math:`a` and :math:`b` are the :math:`x`, :math:`y`, :math:`z`
directions, :math:`\delta_{ab}` is the Kronecker delta function, and
@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ The branch tensor is calculated as
.. math::
B_{ab} = \frac{15}{6 \mathrm{Tr}(D)} (D_{ab} - \mathrm{Tr}(D) \delta_{ab})
B_{ab} = \frac{15}{2\, \mathrm{Tr}(D)} (D_{ab} - \frac{1}{3} \mathrm{Tr}(D) \delta_{ab})
where the tensor :math:`D` is defined as
@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ The normal force fabric tensor is calculated as
.. math::
F^n_{ab} = \frac{15}{6\, \mathrm{Tr}(N)} (N_{ab} - \mathrm{Tr}(N) \delta_{ab})
F^n_{ab} = \frac{15}{2\, \mathrm{Tr}(N)} (N_{ab} - \frac{1}{3} \mathrm{Tr}(N) \delta_{ab})
where the tensor :math:`N` is defined as
@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ as
.. math::
F^t_{ab} = \frac{15}{9\, \mathrm{Tr}(N)} (T_{ab} - \mathrm{Tr}(T) \delta_{ab})
F^t_{ab} = \frac{5}{\mathrm{Tr}(N)} (T_{ab} - \frac{1}{3} \mathrm{Tr}(T) \delta_{ab})
where the tensor :math:`T` is defined as

253
doc/src/compute_pace.rst Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,253 @@
.. index:: compute pace
compute pace command
========================
Syntax
""""""
.. code-block:: LAMMPS
compute ID group-ID pace ace_potential_filename ... keyword values ...
* ID, group-ID are documented in :doc:`compute <compute>` command
* pace = style name of this compute command
* ace_potential_filename = file name (in the .yace or .ace format from :doc:`pace pair_style <pair_pace>`) including ACE hyper-parameters, bonds, and generalized coupling coefficients
* keyword = *bikflag* or *dgradflag*
.. parsed-literal::
*bikflag* value = *0* or *1*
*0* = descriptors are summed over atoms of each type
*1* = descriptors are listed separately for each atom
*dgradflag* value = *0* or *1*
*0* = descriptor gradients are summed over atoms of each type
*1* = descriptor gradients are listed separately for each atom pair
Examples
""""""""
.. code-block:: LAMMPS
compute pace all pace coupling_coefficients.yace
compute pace all pace coupling_coefficients.yace 0 1
compute pace all pace coupling_coefficients.yace 1 1
Description
"""""""""""
.. versionadded:: 7Feb2024
This compute calculates a set of quantities related to the atomic
cluster expansion (ACE) descriptors of the atoms in a group. ACE
descriptors are highly general atomic descriptors, encoding the radial
and angular distribution of neighbor atoms, up to arbitrary bond order
(rank). The detailed mathematical definition is given in the paper by
:ref:`(Drautz) <Drautz19>`. These descriptors are used in the
:doc:`pace pair_style <pair_pace>`. Quantities obtained from `compute
pace` are related to those used in :doc:`pace pair_style <pair_pace>` to
evaluate atomic energies, forces, and stresses for linear ACE models.
For example, the energy for a linear ACE model is calculated as:
:math:`E=\sum_i^{N\_atoms} \sum_{\boldsymbol{\nu}} c_{\boldsymbol{\nu}}
B_{i,\boldsymbol{\boldsymbol{\nu}}}`. The ACE descriptors for atom `i`
:math:`B_{i,\boldsymbol{\nu}}`, and :math:`c_{\nu}` are linear model
parameters. The detailed definition and indexing convention for ACE
descriptors is given in :ref:`(Drautz) <Drautz19>`. In short, body
order :math:`N`, angular character, radial character, and chemical
elements in the *N-body* descriptor are encoded by :math:`\nu`. In the
:doc:`pace pair_style <pair_pace>`, the linear model parameters and the
ACE descriptors are combined for efficient evaluation of energies and
forces. The details and benefits of this efficient implementation are
given in :ref:`(Lysogorskiy) <Lysogorskiy21>`, but the combined
descriptors and linear model parameters for the purposes of `compute
pace` may be expressed in terms of the ACE descriptors mentioned above.
:math:`c_{\boldsymbol{\nu}} B_{i,\boldsymbol{\nu}}= \sum_{\boldsymbol{\nu}' \in \boldsymbol{\nu} } \big[ c_{\boldsymbol{\nu}} C(\boldsymbol{\nu}') \big] A_{i,\boldsymbol{\nu}'}`
where the bracketed terms on the right-hand side are the combined functions
with linear model parameters typically provided in the `<name>.yace` potential
file for `pace pair_style`. When these bracketed terms are multiplied by the
products of the atomic base from :ref:`(Drautz) <Drautz19>`,
:math:`A_{i,\boldsymbol{\nu'}}`, the ACE descriptors are recovered but they
are also scaled by linear model parameters. The generalized coupling coefficients,
written in short-hand here as :math:`C(\boldsymbol{\nu}')`, are the generalized
Clebsch-Gordan or generalized Wigner symbols. It may be desirable to reverse the
combination of these descriptors and the linear model parameters so that the
ACE descriptors themselves may be used. The ACE descriptors and their gradients
are often used when training ACE models, performing custom data analysis,
generalizing ACE model forms, and other tasks that involve direct computation of
descriptors. The key utility of `compute pace` is that it can compute the ACE
descriptors and gradients so that these tasks can be performed during a LAMMPS
simulation or so that LAMMPS can be used as a driver for tasks like ACE model
parameterization. To see how this command can be used within a Python workflow
to train ACE potentials, see the examples in
`FitSNAP <https://github.com/FitSNAP/FitSNAP>`_. Examples on using outputs from
this compute to construct general ACE potential forms are demonstrated in
:ref:`(Goff) <Goff23>`. The various keywords and inputs to `compute pace`
determine what ACE descriptors and related quantities are returned in a compute
array.
The coefficient file, `<name>.yace`, ultimately defines the number of ACE
descriptors to be computed, their maximum body-order, the degree of angular
character they have, the degree of radial character they have, the chemical
character (which element-element interactions are encoded by descriptors),
and other hyper-parameters defined in :ref:`(Drautz) <Drautz19>`. These may
be modeled after the potential files in :doc:`pace pair_style <pair_pace>`,
and have the same format. Details on how to generate the coefficient files
to train ACE models may be found in `FitSNAP <https://github.com/FitSNAP/FitSNAP>`_.
The keyword *bikflag* determines whether or not to list the descriptors of
each atom separately, or sum them together and list in a single row. If
*bikflag* is set to *0* then a single descriptor row is used, which contains
the per-atom ACE descriptors :math:`B_{i,\boldsymbol{\nu}}` summed over all
atoms *i* to produce :math:`B_{\boldsymbol{\nu}}`. If *bikflag* is set to
*1* this is replaced by a separate per-atom ACE descriptor row for each atom.
In this case, the entries in the final column for these rows are set to zero.
The keyword *dgradflag* determines whether to sum atom gradients or list
them separately. If *dgradflag* is set to 0, the ACE
descriptor gradients w.r.t. atom *j* are summed over all atoms *i'*
of, which may be useful when training linear ACE models on atomic forces.
If *dgradflag* is set to 1, gradients are listed separately for each pair of atoms.
Each row corresponds
to a single term :math:`\frac{\partial {B_{i,\boldsymbol{\nu}}}}{\partial {r}^a_j}`
where :math:`{r}^a_j` is the *a-th* position coordinate of the atom with global
index *j*. This also changes the number of columns to be equal to the number of
ACE descriptors, with 3 additional columns representing the indices :math:`i`,
:math:`j`, and :math:`a`, as explained more in the Output info section below.
The option *dgradflag=1* requires that *bikflag=1*.
.. note::
It is noted here that in contrast to :doc:`pace pair_style <pair_pace>`,
the *.yace* file for `compute pace` typically should not contain linear
parameters for an ACE potential. If :math:`c_{\nu}` are included,
the value of the descriptor will not be returned in the `compute` array,
but instead, the energy contribution from that descriptor will be returned.
Do not do this unless it is the desired behavior.
*In short, you should not plug in a '.yace' for a pace potential into this
compute to evaluate descriptors.*
.. note::
*Generalized Clebsch-Gordan or Generalized Wigner symbols (with appropriate
factors) must be used to evaluate ACE descriptors with this compute.* There
are multiple ways to define the generalized coupling coefficients. Because
of this, this compute will not revert your potential file to a coupling
coefficient file. Instead this compute allows the user to supply coupling
coefficients that follow any convention.
.. note::
Using *dgradflag* = 1 produces a global array with :math:`N + 3N^2 + 1` rows
which becomes expensive for systems with more than 1000 atoms.
.. note::
If you have a bonded system, then the settings of :doc:`special_bonds
<special_bonds>` command can remove pairwise interactions between
atoms in the same bond, angle, or dihedral. This is the default
setting for the :doc:`special_bonds <special_bonds>` command, and
means those pairwise interactions do not appear in the neighbor list.
Because this fix uses the neighbor list, it also means those pairs
will not be included in the calculation. One way to get around this,
is to write a dump file, and use the :doc:`rerun <rerun>` command to
compute the ACE descriptors for snapshots in the dump file.
The rerun script can use a :doc:`special_bonds <special_bonds>`
command that includes all pairs in the neighbor list.
----------
Output info
"""""""""""
Compute *pace* evaluates a global array. The columns are arranged into
*ntypes* blocks, listed in order of atom type *I*\ . Each block contains
one column for each ACE descriptor, the same as for compute
*sna/atom*\ in :doc:`compute snap <compute_sna_atom>`. A final column contains the corresponding energy, force
component on an atom, or virial stress component. The rows of the array
appear in the following order:
* 1 row: *pace* average descriptor values for all atoms of type *I*
* 3\*\ *n* force rows: quantities, with derivatives w.r.t. x, y, and z coordinate of atom *i* appearing in consecutive rows. The atoms are sorted based on atom ID and run up to the total number of atoms, *n*.
* 6 rows: *virial* quantities summed for all atoms of type *I*
For example, if :math:`\# \; B_{i, \boldsymbol{\nu}}` =30 and ntypes=1, the number of columns in the
The number of columns in the global array generated by *pace* are 31, and
931, respectively, while the number of rows is 1+3\*\ *n*\ +6, where *n*
is the total number of atoms.
If the *bik* keyword is set to 1, the structure of the pace array is expanded.
The first :math:`N` rows of the pace array
correspond to :math:`\# \; B_{i,\boldsymbol{\nu}}` instead of a single row summed over atoms :math:`i`.
In this case, the entries in the final column for these rows
are set to zero. Also, each row contains only non-zero entries for the
columns corresponding to the type of that atom. This is not true in the case
of *dgradflag* keyword = 1 (see below).
If the *dgradflag* keyword is set to 1, this changes the structure of the
global array completely.
Here the per-atom quantities are replaced with rows corresponding to
descriptor gradient components on single atoms:
.. math::
\frac{\partial {B_{i,\boldsymbol{\nu}} }}{\partial {r}^a_j}
where :math:`{r}^a_j` is the *a-th* position coordinate of the atom with global
index *j*. The rows are
organized in chunks, where each chunk corresponds to an atom with global index
:math:`j`. The rows in an atom :math:`j` chunk correspond to
atoms with global index :math:`i`. The total number of rows for
these descriptor gradients is therefore :math:`3N^2`.
The number of columns is equal to the number of ACE descriptors,
plus 3 additional left-most columns representing the global atom indices
:math:`i`, :math:`j`,
and Cartesian direction :math:`a` (0, 1, 2, for x, y, z).
The first 3 columns of the first :math:`N` rows belong to the reference
potential force components. The remaining K columns contain the
:math:`B_{i,\boldsymbol{\nu}}` per-atom descriptors corresponding to the non-zero entries
obtained when *bikflag* = 1.
The first column of the last row, after the first
:math:`N + 3N^2` rows, contains the reference potential
energy. The virial components are not used with this option. The total number of
rows is therefore :math:`N + 3N^2 + 1` and the number of columns is :math:`K + 3`.
These values can be accessed by any command that uses global values
from a compute as input. See the :doc:`Howto output <Howto_output>` doc
page for an overview of LAMMPS output options.
Restrictions
""""""""""""
These computes are part of the ML-PACE package. They are only enabled
if LAMMPS was built with that package. See the :doc:`Build package
<Build_package>` page for more info.
Related commands
""""""""""""""""
:doc:`pair_style pace <pair_pace>`
:doc:`pair_style snap <pair_snap>`
:doc:`compute snap <compute_sna_atom>`
Default
"""""""
The optional keyword defaults are *bikflag* = 0,
*dgradflag* = 0
----------
.. _Drautz19:
**(Drautz)** Drautz, Phys Rev B, 99, 014104 (2019).
.. _Lysogorskiy21:
**(Lysogorskiy)** Lysogorskiy, van der Oord, Bochkarev, Menon, Rinaldi, Hammerschmidt, Mrovec, Thompson, Csanyi, Ortner, Drautz, npj Comp Mat, 7, 97 (2021).
.. _Goff23:
**(Goff)** Goff, Zhang, Negre, Rohskopf, Niklasson, Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation 19, no. 13 (2023).

3
doc/src/compute_pressure.rst
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@ -153,7 +153,8 @@ Related commands
Default
"""""""
none
By default the compute includes contributions from the keywords:
``ke pair bond angle dihedral improper kspace fix``
----------

11
doc/src/compute_property_atom.rst
View File

@ -23,8 +23,9 @@ Syntax
spx, spy, spz, sp, fmx, fmy, fmz,
nbonds,
radius, diameter, omegax, omegay, omegaz,
temperature, heatflow,
angmomx, angmomy, angmomz,
shapex,shapey, shapez,
shapex, shapey, shapez,
quatw, quati, quatj, quatk, tqx, tqy, tqz,
end1x, end1y, end1z, end2x, end2y, end2z,
corner1x, corner1y, corner1z,
@ -56,6 +57,8 @@ Syntax
*nbonds* = number of bonds assigned to an atom
*radius,diameter* = radius,diameter of spherical particle
*omegax,omegay,omegaz* = angular velocity of spherical particle
*temperature* = internal temperature of spherical particle
*heatflow* = internal heat flow of spherical particle
*angmomx,angmomy,angmomz* = angular momentum of aspherical particle
*shapex,shapey,shapez* = 3 diameters of aspherical particle
*quatw,quati,quatj,quatk* = quaternion components for aspherical or body particles
@ -128,9 +131,9 @@ Attributes *i_name*, *d_name*, *i2_name*, *d2_name* refer to custom
per-atom integer and floating-point vectors or arrays that have been
added via the :doc:`fix property/atom <fix_property_atom>` command.
When that command is used specific names are given to each attribute
which are the "name" portion of these attributes. For arrays *i2_name*
and *d2_name*, the column of the array must also be included following
the name in brackets (e.g., d2_xyz[2] or i2_mySpin[3]).
which are the "name" portion of these attributes. For arrays
*i2_name* and *d2_name*, the column of the array must also be included
following the name in brackets (e.g., d2_xyz[2] or i2_mySpin[3]).
The additional quantities only accessible via this command, and not
directly via the :doc:`dump custom <dump>` command, are as follows.

2
doc/src/compute_property_grid.rst
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@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ varying fastest, then Y, then Z slowest. For 2d grids (in 2d
simulations), the grid IDs range from 1 to Nx*Ny, with X varying
fastest and Y slowest.
.. versionadded:: TBD
.. versionadded:: 21Nov2023
The *proc* attribute is the ID of the processor which owns the grid
cell. Processor IDs range from 0 to Nprocs - 1, where Nprocs is the

92
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@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
.. index:: compute rattlers/atom
compute rattlers/atom command
=============================
Syntax
""""""
.. parsed-literal::
compute ID group-ID rattlers/atom cutoff zmin ntries
* ID, group-ID are documented in :doc:`compute <compute>` command
* rattlers/atom = style name of this compute command
* cutoff = *type* or *radius*
.. parsed-literal::
*type* = cutoffs determined based on atom types
*radius* = cutoffs determined based on atom diameters (atom style sphere)
* zmin = minimum coordination for a non-rattler atom
* ntries = maximum number of iterations to remove rattlers
Examples
""""""""
.. code-block:: LAMMPS
compute 1 all rattlers/atom type 4 10
Description
"""""""""""
.. versionadded:: 7Feb2024
Define a compute that identifies rattlers in a system. Rattlers are often
identified in granular or glassy packings as under-coordinated atoms that
do not have the required number of contacts to constrain their translational
degrees of freedom. Such atoms are not considered rigid and can often freely
rattle around in the system. This compute identifies rattlers which can be
helpful for excluding them from analysis or providing extra damping forces
to accelerate relaxation processes.
Rattlers are identified using an interactive approach. The coordination
number of all atoms is first calculated. The *type* and *radius* settings
are used to select whether interaction cutoffs are determined by atom
types or by the sum of atomic radii (atom style sphere), respectively.
Rattlers are then identified as atoms with a coordination number less
than *zmin* and are removed from consideration. Atomic coordination
numbers are then recalculated, excluding previously identified rattlers,
to identify a new set of rattlers. This process is iterated up to a maximum
of *ntries* or until no new rattlers are identified and the remaining
atoms form a stable network of contacts.
In dense homogeneous systems where the average atom coordination number
is expected to be larger than *zmin*, this process usually only takes a few
iterations and a value of *ntries* around ten may be sufficient. In systems
with significant heterogeneity or average coordination numbers less than
*zmin*, an appropriate value of *ntries* depends heavily on the specific
system. For instance, a linear chain of N rattler atoms with a *zmin* of 2
would take N/2 iterations to identify that all the atoms are rattlers.
Output info
"""""""""""
This compute calculates a per-atom vector and a global scalar. The vector
designates which atoms are rattlers, indicated by a value 1. Non-rattlers
have a value of 0. The global scalar returns the total number of rattlers
in the system. See the :doc:`Howto output <Howto_output>` page for an
overview of LAMMPS output options.
Restrictions
""""""""""""
This compute is part of the EXTRA-COMPUTE package. It is only enabled if
LAMMPS was built with that package. See the
:doc:`Build package <Build_package>` page for more info.
The *radius* cutoff option requires that atoms store a radius as defined by the
:doc:`atom_style sphere <atom_style>` or similar commands.
Related commands
""""""""""""""""
:doc:`compute coord/atom <compute_coord_atom>`
:doc:`compute contact/atom <compute_contact_atom>`
Default
"""""""
none

37
doc/src/compute_rdf.rst
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@ -176,22 +176,29 @@ also numbers :math:`\ge 0.0`.
Restrictions
""""""""""""
The RDF is not computed for distances longer than the force cutoff,
since processors (in parallel) do not know about atom coordinates for
atoms further away than that distance. If you want an RDF for larger
distances, you can use the :doc:`rerun <rerun>` command to post-process
a dump file and set the cutoff for the potential to be longer in the
By default, the RDF is not computed for distances longer than the
largest force cutoff, since the neighbor list creation will only contain
pairs up to that distance (plus neighbor list skin). This distance can
be increased using the *cutoff* keyword but this keyword is only valid
with :doc:`neighbor styles 'bin' and 'nsq' <neighbor>`.
If you want an RDF for larger distances, you can also use the
:doc:`rerun <rerun>` command to post-process a dump file, use :doc:`pair
style zero <pair_zero>` and set the force cutoff to be longer in the
rerun script. Note that in the rerun context, the force cutoff is
arbitrary, since you are not running dynamics and thus are not changing
your model. The definition of :math:`g(r)` used by LAMMPS is only appropriate
for characterizing atoms that are uniformly distributed throughout the
simulation cell. In such cases, the coordination number is still
correct and meaningful. As an example, if a large simulation cell
contains only one atom of type *itypeN* and one of *jtypeN*, then :math:`g(r)`
will register an arbitrarily large spike at whatever distance they
happen to be at, and zero everywhere else.
The function :math:`\text{coord}(r)` will show a step
change from zero to one at the location of the spike in :math:`g(r)`.
arbitrary and with pair style zero you are not computing any forces, and
you are not running dynamics you are not changing the model that
generated the trajectory.
The definition of :math:`g(r)` used by LAMMPS is only appropriate for
characterizing atoms that are uniformly distributed throughout the
simulation cell. In such cases, the coordination number is still correct
and meaningful. As an example, if a large simulation cell contains only
one atom of type *itypeN* and one of *jtypeN*, then :math:`g(r)` will
register an arbitrarily large spike at whatever distance they happen to
be at, and zero everywhere else. The function :math:`\text{coord}(r)`
will show a step change from zero to one at the location of the spike in
:math:`g(r)`.
.. note::

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@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
.. index:: compute reaxff/atom
.. index:: compute reaxff/atom/kk
compute reaxff/atom command
===========================
Accelerator Variants: *reaxff/atom/kk*
Syntax
""""""
.. code-block:: LAMMPS
compute ID group-ID reaxff/atom attribute args ... keyword value ...
* ID, group-ID are documented in :doc:`compute <compute>` command
* reaxff/atom = name of this compute command
* attribute = *pair*
.. parsed-literal::
*pair* args = nsub
nsub = *n*-instance of a sub-style, if a pair style is used multiple times in a hybrid style
* keyword = *bonds*
.. parsed-literal::
*bonds* value = *no* or *yes*
*no* = ignore list of local bonds
*yes* = include list of local bonds
Examples
""""""""
.. code-block:: LAMMPS
compute 1 all reaxff/atom bonds yes
Description
"""""""""""
.. versionadded:: 7Feb2024
Define a computation that extracts bond information computed by the ReaxFF
potential specified by :doc:`pair_style reaxff <pair_reaxff>`.
By default, it produces per-atom data that includes the following columns:
* abo = atom bond order (sum of all bonds)
* nlp = number of lone pairs
* nb = number of bonds
Bonds will only be included if its atoms are in the group.
In addition, if ``bonds`` is set to ``yes``, the compute will also produce a
local array of all bonds on the current processor whose atoms are in the group.
The columns of each entry of this local array are:
* id_i = atom i id of bond
* id_j = atom j id of bond
* bo = bond order of bond
Output info
"""""""""""
This compute calculates a per-atom array and local array depending on the
number of keywords. The number of rows in the local array is the number of
bonds as described above. Both per-atom and local array have 3 columns.
The arrays can be accessed by any command that uses local and per-atom values
from a compute as input. See the :doc:`Howto output <Howto_output>` page for
an overview of LAMMPS output options.
----------
.. include:: accel_styles.rst
----------
Restrictions
""""""""""""
The compute reaxff/atom command requires that the :doc:`pair_style reaxff
<pair_reaxff>` is invoked. This fix is part of the REAXFF package. It is only
enabled if LAMMPS was built with that package. See the :doc:`Build package
<Build_package>` page for more info.
Related commands
""""""""""""""""
:doc:`pair_style reaxff <pair_reaxff>`
Default
"""""""
The option defaults are *bonds* = *no*.

5
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@ -56,8 +56,9 @@ Examples
compute 1 all reduce sum c_force
compute 1 all reduce/region subbox sum c_force
compute 2 all reduce min c_press[2] f_ave v_myKE
compute 2 all reduce min c_press[*] f_ave v_myKE
compute 2 all reduce min c_press[*] f_ave v_myKE inputs peratom
compute 3 fluid reduce max c_index[1] c_index[2] c_dist replace 1 3 replace 2 3
compute 4 all reduce max c_bond inputs local
Description
"""""""""""
@ -201,7 +202,7 @@ information in this context, the *replace* keywords will extract the
atom IDs for the two atoms in the bond of maximum stretch. These atom
IDs and the bond stretch will be printed with thermodynamic output.
.. versionadded:: TBD
.. versionadded:: 21Nov2023
The *inputs* keyword allows selection of whether all the inputs are
per-atom or local quantities. As noted above, all the inputs must be

2
doc/src/compute_saed.rst
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@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ reciprocal lattice nodes. The mesh spacing is defined either (a) by
the entire simulation domain or (b) manually using selected values as
shown in the 2D diagram below.
.. image:: img/saed_mesh.jpg
.. image:: img/saed_mesh.png
:scale: 75%
:align: center

162
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@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
.. index:: compute slcsa/atom
compute slcsa/atom command
============================
Syntax
""""""
.. code-block:: LAMMPS
compute ID group-ID slcsa/atom twojmax nclasses db_mean_descriptor_file lda_file lr_decision_file lr_bias_file maha_file value
* ID, group-ID are documented in :doc:`compute <compute>` command
* slcsa/atom = style name of this compute command
* twojmax = band limit for bispectrum components (non-negative integer)
* nclasses = number of crystal structures used in the database for the classifier SL-CSA
* db_mean_descriptor_file = file name of file containing the database mean descriptor
* lda_file = file name of file containing the linear discriminant analysis matrix for dimension reduction
* lr_decision_file = file name of file containing the scaling matrix for logistic regression classification
* lr_bias_file = file name of file containing the bias vector for logistic regression classification
* maha_file = file name of file containing for each crystal structure: the Mahalanobis distance threshold for sanity check purposes, the average reduced descriptor and the inverse of the corresponding covariance matrix
* c_ID[*] = compute ID of previously required *compute sna/atom* command
Examples
""""""""
.. code-block:: LAMMPS
compute b1 all sna/atom 9.0 0.99363 8 0.5 1.0 rmin0 0.0 nnn 24 wmode 1 delta 0.3
compute b2 all slcsa/atom 8 4 mean_descriptors.dat lda_scalings.dat lr_decision.dat lr_bias.dat maha_thresholds.dat c_b1[*]
Description
"""""""""""
.. versionadded:: 7Feb2024
Define a computation that performs the Supervised Learning Crystal
Structure Analysis (SL-CSA) from :ref:`(Lafourcade) <Lafourcade2023_1>`
for each atom in the group. The SL-CSA tool takes as an input a per-atom
descriptor (bispectrum) that is computed through the *compute sna/atom*
command and then proceeds to a dimension reduction step followed by a
logistic regression in order to assign a probable crystal structure to
each atom in the group. The SL-CSA tool is pre-trained on a database
containing :math:`C` distinct crystal structures from which a crystal
structure classifier is derived and a tutorial to build such a tool is
available at `SL-CSA <https://github.com/lafourcadep/SL-CSA>`_.
The first step of the SL-CSA tool consists in performing a dimension
reduction of the per-atom descriptor :math:`\mathbf{B}^i \in
\mathbb{R}^{D}` through the Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) method,
leading to a new projected descriptor
:math:`\mathbf{x}^i=\mathrm{P}_\mathrm{LDA}(\mathbf{B}^i):\mathbb{R}^D
\rightarrow \mathbb{R}^{d=C-1}`:
.. math::
\mathbf{x}^i = \mathbf{C}^T_\mathrm{LDA} \cdot (\mathbf{B}^i - \mu^\mathbf{B}_\mathrm{db})
where :math:`\mathbf{C}^T_\mathrm{LDA} \in \mathbb{R}^{D \times d}` is
the reduction coefficients matrix of the LDA model read in file
*lda_file*, :math:`\mathbf{B}^i \in \mathbb{R}^{D}` is the bispectrum of
atom :math:`i` and :math:`\mu^\mathbf{B}_\mathrm{db} \in \mathbb{R}^{D}`
is the average descriptor of the entire database. The latter is computed
from the average descriptors of each crystal structure read from the
file *mean_descriptors_file*.
The new projected descriptor with dimension :math:`d=C-1` allows for a
good separation of different crystal structures fingerprints in the
latent space.
Once the dimension reduction step is performed by means of LDA, the new
descriptor :math:`\mathbf{x}^i \in \mathbb{R}^{d=C-1}` is taken as an
input for performing a multinomial logistic regression (LR) which
provides a score vector
:math:`\mathbf{s}^i=\mathrm{P}_\mathrm{LR}(\mathbf{x}^i):\mathbb{R}^d
\rightarrow \mathbb{R}^C` defined as:
.. math::
\mathbf{s}^i = \mathbf{b}_\mathrm{LR} + \mathbf{D}_\mathrm{LR} \cdot {\mathbf{x}^i}^T
with :math:`\mathbf{b}_\mathrm{LR} \in \mathbb{R}^C` and
:math:`\mathbf{D}_\mathrm{LR} \in \mathbb{R}^{C \times d}` the bias
vector and decision matrix of the LR model after training both read in
files *lr_fil1* and *lr_file2* respectively.
Finally, a probability vector
:math:`\mathbf{p}^i=\mathrm{P}_\mathrm{LR}(\mathbf{x}^i):\mathbb{R}^d
\rightarrow \mathbb{R}^C` is defined as:
.. math::
\mathbf{p}^i = \frac{\mathrm{exp}(\mathbf{s}^i)}{\sum\limits_{j} \mathrm{exp}(s^i_j) }
from which the crystal structure assigned to each atom with descriptor
:math:`\mathbf{B}^i` and projected descriptor :math:`\mathbf{x}^i` is
computed as the *argmax* of the probability vector
:math:`\mathbf{p}^i`. Since the logistic regression step systematically
attributes a crystal structure to each atom, a sanity check is needed to
avoid misclassification. To this end, a per-atom Mahalanobis distance to
each crystal structure *CS* present in the database is computed:
.. math::
d_\mathrm{Mahalanobis}^{i \rightarrow \mathrm{CS}} = \sqrt{(\mathbf{x}^i - \mathbf{\mu}^\mathbf{x}_\mathrm{CS})^\mathrm{T} \cdot \mathbf{\Sigma}^{-1}_\mathrm{CS} \cdot (\mathbf{x}^i - \mathbf{\mu}^\mathbf{x}_\mathrm{CS}) }
where :math:`\mathbf{\mu}^\mathbf{x}_\mathrm{CS} \in \mathbb{R}^{d}` is
the average projected descriptor of crystal structure *CS* in the
database and where :math:`\mathbf{\Sigma}_\mathrm{CS} \in \mathbb{R}^{d
\times d}` is the corresponding covariance matrix. Finally, if the
Mahalanobis distance to crystal structure *CS* for atom *i* is greater
than the pre-determined threshold, no crystal structure is assigned to
atom *i*. The Mahalanobis distance thresholds are read in file
*maha_file* while the covariance matrices are read in file
*covmat_file*.
The `SL-CSA <https://github.com/lafourcadep/SL-CSA>`_ framework provides
an automatic computation of the different matrices and thresholds
required for a proper classification and writes down all the required
files for calling the *compute slcsa/atom* command.
The *compute slcsa/atom* command requires that the :doc:`compute
sna/atom <compute_sna_atom>` command is called before as it takes the
resulting per-atom bispectrum as an input. In addition, it is crucial
that the value *twojmax* is set to the same value of the value *twojmax*
used in the *compute sna/atom* command, as well as that the value
*nclasses* is set to the number of crystal structures used in the
database to train the SL-CSA tool.
Output info
"""""""""""
By default, this compute computes the Mahalanobis distances to the
different crystal structures present in the database in addition to
assigning a crystal structure for each atom as a per-atom vector, which
can be accessed by any command that uses per-atom values from a compute
as input. See the :doc:`Howto output <Howto_output>` page for an
overview of LAMMPS output options.
Restrictions
""""""""""""
This compute is part of the EXTRA-COMPUTE package. It is only enabled
if LAMMPS was built with that package. See the :doc:`Build package
<Build_package>` page for more info.
Related commands
""""""""""""""""
:doc:`compute sna/atom <compute_sna_atom>`
Default
"""""""
none
----------
.. _Lafourcade2023_1:
**(Lafourcade)** Lafourcade, Maillet, Denoual, Duval, Allera, Goryaeva, and Marinica,
`Comp. Mat. Science, 230, 112534 (2023) <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.commatsci.2023.112534>`_

39
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@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ Syntax
* w_1, w_2,... = list of neighbor weights, one for each type
* nx, ny, nz = number of grid points in x, y, and z directions (positive integer)
* zero or more keyword/value pairs may be appended
* keyword = *rmin0* or *switchflag* or *bzeroflag* or *quadraticflag* or *chem* or *bnormflag* or *wselfallflag* or *bikflag* or *switchinnerflag* or *sinner* or *dinner* or *dgradflag*
* keyword = *rmin0* or *switchflag* or *bzeroflag* or *quadraticflag* or *chem* or *bnormflag* or *wselfallflag* or *bikflag* or *switchinnerflag* or *sinner* or *dinner* or *dgradflag* or *nnn* or *wmode* or *delta*
.. parsed-literal::
@ -82,6 +82,16 @@ Syntax
*0* = descriptor gradients are summed over atoms of each type
*1* = descriptor gradients are listed separately for each atom pair
* additional keyword = *nnn* or *wmode* or *delta*
.. parsed-literal::
*nnn* value = number of considered nearest neighbors to compute the bispectrum over a target specific number of neighbors (only implemented for compute sna/atom)
*wmode* value = weight function for finding optimal cutoff to match the target number of neighbors (required if nnn used, only implemented for compute sna/atom)
*0* = heavyside weight function
*1* = hyperbolic tangent weight function
*delta* value = transition interval centered at cutoff distance for hyperbolic tangent weight function (ignored if wmode=0, required if wmode=1, only implemented for compute sna/atom)
Examples
""""""""
@ -94,6 +104,7 @@ Examples
compute snap all snap 1.0 0.99363 6 3.81 3.83 1.0 0.93 chem 2 0 1
compute snap all snap 1.0 0.99363 6 3.81 3.83 1.0 0.93 switchinnerflag 1 sinner 1.35 1.6 dinner 0.25 0.3
compute bgrid all sna/grid/local 200 200 200 1.4 0.95 6 2.0 1.0
compute bnnn all sna/atom 9.0 0.99363 8 0.5 1.0 rmin0 0.0 nnn 24 wmode 1 delta 0.2
Description
"""""""""""
@ -433,6 +444,25 @@ requires that *bikflag=1*.
The rerun script can use a :doc:`special_bonds <special_bonds>`
command that includes all pairs in the neighbor list.
The keyword *nnn* allows for the calculation of the bispectrum over a
specific target number of neighbors. This option is only implemented for
the compute *sna/atom*\ . An optimal cutoff radius for defining the
neighborhood of the central atom is calculated by means of a dichotomy
algorithm. This iterative process allows to assign weights to
neighboring atoms in order to match the total sum of weights with the
target number of neighbors. Depending on the radial weight function
used in that process, the cutoff radius can fluctuate a lot in the
presence of thermal noise. Therefore, in addition to the *nnn* keyword,
the keyword *wmode* allows to choose whether a Heaviside (*wmode* = 0)
function or a Hyperbolic tangent function (*wmode* = 1) should be used.
If the Heaviside function is used, the cutoff radius exactly matches the
distance between the central atom an its *nnn*'th neighbor. However, in
the case of the hyperbolic tangent function, the dichotomy algorithm
allows to span the weights over a distance *delta* in order to reduce
fluctuations in the resulting local atomic environment fingerprint. The
detailed formalism is given in the paper by Lafourcade et
al. :ref:`(Lafourcade) <Lafourcade2023_2>`.
----------
Output info
@ -585,6 +615,7 @@ Related commands
""""""""""""""""
:doc:`pair_style snap <pair_snap>`
:doc:`compute slcsa/atom <compute_slcsa_atom>`
Default
"""""""
@ -592,6 +623,7 @@ Default
The optional keyword defaults are *rmin0* = 0,
*switchflag* = 1, *bzeroflag* = 1, *quadraticflag* = 0,
*bnormflag* = 0, *wselfallflag* = 0, *switchinnerflag* = 0,
*nnn* = -1, *wmode* = 0, *delta* = 1.e-3
----------
@ -623,3 +655,8 @@ of Angular Momentum, World Scientific, Singapore (1987).
.. _Ellis2021:
**(Ellis)** Ellis, Fiedler, Popoola, Modine, Stephens, Thompson, Cangi, Rajamanickam, Phys Rev B, 104, 035120, (2021)
.. _Lafourcade2023_2:
**(Lafourcade)** Lafourcade, Maillet, Denoual, Duval, Allera, Goryaeva, and Marinica,
`Comp. Mat. Science, 230, 112534 (2023) <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.commatsci.2023.112534>`_

13
doc/src/compute_stress_atom.rst
View File

@ -127,11 +127,11 @@ result in more consistent heat flux values for angle, dihedrals,
improper and constraint force contributions
when computed via :doc:`compute heat/flux <compute_heat_flux>`.
If no extra keywords are listed, the kinetic contribution all of the
virial contribution terms are included in the per-atom stress tensor.
If any extra keywords are listed, only those terms are summed to
compute the tensor. The *virial* keyword means include all terms
except the kinetic energy *ke*\ .
If no extra keywords are listed, the kinetic contribution *and* all
of the virial contribution terms are included in the per-atom stress
tensor. If any extra keywords are listed, only those terms are
summed to compute the tensor. The *virial* keyword means include all
terms except the kinetic energy *ke*\ .
Note that the stress for each atom is due to its interaction with all
other atoms in the simulation, not just with other atoms in the group.
@ -289,7 +289,8 @@ Related commands
Default
"""""""
none
By default the compute includes contributions from the keywords:
``ke pair bond angle dihedral improper kspace fix``
----------

26
doc/src/compute_stress_mop.rst
View File

@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ Syntax
* style = *stress/mop* or *stress/mop/profile*
* dir = *x* or *y* or *z* is the direction normal to the plane
* args = argument specific to the compute style
* keywords = *kin* or *conf* or *total* or *pair* or *bond* or *angle* (one or more can be specified)
* keywords = *kin* or *conf* or *total* or *pair* or *bond* or *angle* or *dihedral* (one or more can be specified)
.. parsed-literal::
@ -68,15 +68,13 @@ Verlet algorithm.
.. versionadded:: 15Jun2023
contributions from bond and angle potentials
contributions from bond, angle and dihedral potentials
Between one and six keywords can be used to indicate which contributions
Between one and seven keywords can be used to indicate which contributions
to the stress must be computed: total stress (total), kinetic stress
(kin), configurational stress (conf), stress due to bond stretching
(bond), stress due to angle bending (angle) and/or due to pairwise
non-bonded interactions (pair). The angle keyword is currently
available only for the *stress/mop* command and **not** the
*stress/mop/profile* command.
(bond), stress due to angle bending (angle), stress due to dihedral terms (dihedral)
and/or due to pairwise non-bonded interactions (pair).
NOTE 1: The configurational stress is computed considering all pairs of
atoms where at least one atom belongs to group group-ID.
@ -134,14 +132,12 @@ size does not change in time, and axis-aligned planes.
The method only works with two-body pair interactions, because it
requires the class method ``Pair::single()`` to be implemented, which is
not possible for manybody potentials. In particular, compute
*stress/mop/profile* does not work with more than two-body pair
interactions, long range (kspace) interactions and
angle/dihedral/improper intramolecular interactions. Similarly, compute
*stress/mop* does not work with more than two-body pair interactions,
long range (kspace) interactions and dihedral/improper intramolecular
interactions but works with all bond interactions with the class method
single() implemented and all angle interactions with the class method
born_matrix() implemented.
*stress/mop/profile* and *stress/mop* do not work with more than two-body
pair interactions, long range (kspace) interactions and
improper intramolecular interactions.
The impact of fixes that affect the stress (e.g. fix langevin) is
also not included in the stress computed here.
Related commands
""""""""""""""""

2
doc/src/compute_voronoi_atom.rst
View File

@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ Voro++ software in the src/VORONOI/README file.
Output info
"""""""""""
.. deprecated:: TBD
.. deprecated:: 21Nov2023
The *peratom* keyword was removed as it is no longer required.

29
doc/src/compute_xrd.rst
View File

@ -62,28 +62,29 @@ equations:
\frac{\sin(\theta)}{\lambda} &= \frac{\left\lVert\mathbf{k}\right\rVert}{2}
Here, :math:`\mathbf{k}` is the location of the reciprocal lattice node,
:math:`r_j` is the position of each atom, :math:`f_j` are atomic scattering
factors, *Lp* is the Lorentz-polarization factor, and :math:`\theta` is the
scattering angle of diffraction. The Lorentz-polarization factor can be turned
off using the optional *LP* keyword.
:math:`r_j` is the position of each atom, :math:`f_j` are atomic
scattering factors, *Lp* is the Lorentz-polarization factor, and
:math:`\theta` is the scattering angle of diffraction. The
Lorentz-polarization factor can be turned off using the optional *LP*
keyword.
Diffraction intensities are calculated on a three-dimensional mesh of
reciprocal lattice nodes. The mesh spacing is defined either (a) by the entire
simulation domain or (b) manually using selected values as
shown in the 2D diagram below.
reciprocal lattice nodes. The mesh spacing is defined either (a) by the
entire simulation domain or (b) manually using selected values as shown
in the 2D diagram below.
.. image:: img/xrd_mesh.jpg
.. image:: img/xrd_mesh.png
:scale: 75%
:align: center
For a mesh defined by the simulation domain, a rectilinear grid is
constructed with spacing :math:`c A^{-1}` along each reciprocal lattice
axis, where :math:`A` is a matrix containing the vectors corresponding to the
edges of the simulation cell. If one or two directions has non-periodic
boundary conditions, then the spacing in these directions is defined from the
average of the (inversed) box lengths with periodic boundary conditions.
Meshes defined by the simulation domain must contain at least one periodic
boundary.
axis, where :math:`A` is a matrix containing the vectors corresponding
to the edges of the simulation cell. If one or two directions has
non-periodic boundary conditions, then the spacing in these directions
is defined from the average of the (inversed) box lengths with periodic
boundary conditions. Meshes defined by the simulation domain must
contain at least one periodic boundary.
If the *manual* flag is included, the mesh of reciprocal lattice nodes
will be defined using the *c* values for the spacing along each

11
doc/src/create_atoms.rst
View File

@ -268,6 +268,12 @@ molecule can be specified in the molecule file. See the
required to be in this file are the coordinates and types of atoms in
the molecule.
.. note::
If you are using the *mol* keyword in combination with the
:doc:`atom style template <atom_style>` command, they must use
the same molecule template-ID.
Using a lattice to add molecules, e.g. via the *box* or *region* or
*single* styles, is exactly the same as adding atoms on lattice
points, except that entire molecules are added at each point, i.e. on
@ -536,6 +542,11 @@ command.
A rotation vector specified for a single molecule must be in
the z-direction for a 2d model.
For :doc:`molecule templates <molecule>` that are created from multiple
files, i.e. contain multiple molecule *sets*, only the first set is
used. To create multiple molecules the files currently need to be
merged and different molecule IDs assigned with a Molecules section.
Related commands
""""""""""""""""

7
doc/src/dihedral_charmm.rst
View File

@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
.. index:: dihedral_style charmm/kk
.. index:: dihedral_style charmm/omp
.. index:: dihedral_style charmmfsw
.. index:: dihedral_style charmmfsw/kk
dihedral_style charmm command
=============================
@ -12,6 +13,8 @@ Accelerator Variants: *charmm/intel*, *charmm/kk*, *charmm/omp*
dihedral_style charmmfsw command
================================
Accelerator Variants: *charmmfsw/kk*
Syntax
""""""
@ -144,7 +147,9 @@ for more info.
Related commands
""""""""""""""""
:doc:`dihedral_coeff <dihedral_coeff>`
:doc:`dihedral_coeff <dihedral_coeff>`,
:doc:`pair_style lj/charmm variants <pair_charmm>`,
:doc:`angle_style charmm <angle_charmm>`, :doc:`fix cmap <fix_cmap>`
Default
"""""""

25
doc/src/dump.rst
View File

@ -104,7 +104,6 @@ Syntax
q, mux, muy, muz, mu,
radius, diameter, omegax, omegay, omegaz,
angmomx, angmomy, angmomz, tqx, tqy, tqz,
heatflow, temperature,
c_ID, c_ID[I], f_ID, f_ID[I], v_name,
i_name, d_name, i2_name[I], d2_name[I]
@ -131,8 +130,6 @@ Syntax
omegax,omegay,omegaz = angular velocity of spherical particle
angmomx,angmomy,angmomz = angular momentum of aspherical particle
tqx,tqy,tqz = torque on finite-size particles
heatflow = rate of heat flow into particle
temperature = temperature of particle
c_ID = per-atom vector calculated by a compute with ID
c_ID[I] = Ith column of per-atom array calculated by a compute with ID, I can include wildcard (see below)
f_ID = per-atom vector calculated by a fix with ID
@ -613,7 +610,7 @@ when running on large numbers of processors.
Note that using the "\*" and "%" characters together can produce a
large number of small dump files!
.. deprecated:: TBD
.. deprecated:: 21Nov2023
The MPIIO package and the the corresponding "/mpiio" dump styles, except
for the unrelated "netcdf/mpiio" style were removed from LAMMPS.
@ -805,16 +802,16 @@ computes, fixes, or variables when they are evaluated, so this is a very
general means of creating quantities to output to a dump file.
The *i_name*, *d_name*, *i2_name*, *d2_name* attributes refer to
per-atom integer and floating-point vectors or arrays that have been
added via the :doc:`fix property/atom <fix_property_atom>` command.
When that command is used specific names are given to each attribute
which are the "name" portion of these keywords. For arrays *i2_name*
and *d2_name*, the column of the array must also be included following
the name in brackets (e.g., d2_xyz[i], i2_mySpin[i], where :math:`i` is
in the range from 1 to :math:`M`, where :math:`M` is the number of
columns in the custom array). See the discussion above for how :math:`i`
can be specified with a wildcard asterisk to effectively specify
multiple values.
custom per-atom integer and floating-point vectors or arrays that have
been added via the :doc:`fix property/atom <fix_property_atom>`
command. When that command is used specific names are given to each
attribute which are the "name" portion of these keywords. For arrays
*i2_name* and *d2_name*, the column of the array must also be included
following the name in brackets (e.g., d2_xyz[i], i2_mySpin[i], where
:math:`i` is in the range from 1 to :math:`M`, where :math:`M` is the
number of columns in the custom array). See the discussion above for
how :math:`i` can be specified with a wildcard asterisk to effectively
specify multiple values.
See the :doc:`Modify <Modify>` page for information on how to add
new compute and fix styles to LAMMPS to calculate per-atom quantities

2
doc/src/dump_image.rst
View File

@ -599,7 +599,7 @@ image will appear. The *sfactor* value must be a value 0.0 <=
*sfactor* <= 1.0, where *sfactor* = 1 is a highly reflective surface
and *sfactor* = 0 is a rough non-shiny surface.
.. versionadded:: TBD
.. versionadded:: 21Nov2023
The *fsaa* keyword can be used with the dump image command to improve
the image quality by enabling full scene anti-aliasing. Internally the

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