which provides access to the current phase and the corresponding other phase for
each of the phases in the pair. This allows some simplification of the phase
pair loops in several sub-models and avoids the need for pointer swaps.
Checking a pair contains a particular phase and adding a contribution from the
"other" phase can now be written:
if (pair.contains(phase))
{
const phaseModel& otherPhase = pair.other(phase);
phiHbyAs[phasei] +=
fvc::interpolate(rAUs[phasei]*K)
*MRF.absolute(otherPhase.phi());
HbyAs[phasei] += rAUs[phasei]*K*otherPhase.U();
}
which previously would have been written as a loop over the pair and excluding
self reference:
const phaseModel* phase1 = &pair.phase1();
const phaseModel* phase2 = &pair.phase2();
forAllConstIter(phasePair, pair, iter)
{
if (phase1 == &phase)
{
phiHbyAs[phasei] +=
fvc::interpolate(rAUs[phasei]*K)
*MRF.absolute(phase2->phi());
HbyAs[phasei] += rAUs[phasei]*K*phase2->U();
}
Swap(phase1, phase2);
}
This patch enables the reactingEulerFoam solvers to simulate polydisperse flow
situations, i.e. flows where the disperse phase is subject to a size
distribution.
The newly added populationBalanceModel class solves the integro-partial
differential population balance equation (PBE) by means of a class method, also
called discrete or sectional method. This approach is based on discretizing the
PBE over its internal coordinate, the particle volume. This yields a set of
transport equations for the number concentration of particles in classes with a
different representative size. These are coupled through their source-terms and
solved in a segregated manner. The implementation is done in a way, that the
total particle number and mass is preserved for coalescence, breakup and drift
(i.e. isothermal growth or phase change) processes, irrespective of the chosen
discretization over the internal coordinate.
A population balance can be split over multiple velocity (temperature) fields,
using the capability of reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam to solve for n momentum
(energy) equations. To a certain degree, this takes into account the dependency
of heat- and momentum transfer on the disperse phase diameter. It is also possible
to define multiple population balances, e.g. bubbles and droplets simultaneously.
The functionality can be switched on by choosing the appropriate phaseSystem
type, e.g. populationBalanceMultiphaseSystem and the newly added diameterModel
class called velocityGroup. To illustrate the use of the functionality, a
bubbleColumnPolydisperse tutorial was added for reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam and
reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam.
Furthermore, a reactingEulerFoam-specific functionObject called sizeDistribution
was added to allow post-Processing of the size distribution, e.g. to obtain the
number density function in a specific region.
Patch contributed by Institute of Fluid Dynamics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf
(HZDR) and VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd.
- Thermal phase change and wall boiling functionality has been generalized to
support two- and multi- phase simulations.
- Thermal phase change now also allows purePhaseModel, which simplifies case setup.
- The phaseSystem templates have been restructured in preparation of multiple
simultaneous mass transfer mechanisms. For example, combination of thermal phase
and inhomogeneous population balance models.
Patch contributed by VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd and Institute
of Fluid Dynamics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR).
Thermo and reaction thermo macros have been renamed and refactored. If
the name is plural (make???Thermos) then it adds the model to all
selection tables. If not (make???Thermo) then it only adds to the
requested psi or rho table.
A pureMixture can now be specified in a reacting solver. This further
enhances compatibility between non-reacting and reacting solvers.
To achieve this, mixtures now have a typeName function of the same form
as the lower thermodyanmic models. In addition, to avoid name clashes,
the reacting thermo make macros have been split into those that create
entries on multiple selection tables, and those that just add to the
reaction thermo table.
The face-based momentum equation formulation introduced to twoPhaseEulerFoam by
commit 16f03f8a39 has proven particularly valuable
for bubbly flow simulations. The formulation is also available for
reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam and this patch adds the the same capability to
reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam.
It be switched on by setting the optional faceMomentum entry in the PIMPLE
sub-dictionary in fvSolution:
PIMPLE
{
nOuterCorrectors 3;
nCorrectors 1;
nNonOrthogonalCorrectors 0;
faceMomentum yes;
}
Patch contributed by Institute of Fluid Dynamics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf
(HZDR) and VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd.
Wrapped combustion model make macros in the Foam namespace and removed
combustion model namespace from the base classes. This fixes a namespace
specialisation bug in gcc 4.8. It is also somewhat less verbose in the
solvers.
This resolves bug report https://bugs.openfoam.org/view.php?id=2787
The combustion and chemistry model selection has been simplified so
that the user does not have to specify the form of the thermodynamics.
Examples of new combustion and chemistry entries are as follows:
In constant/combustionProperties:
combustionModel PaSR;
combustionModel FSD;
In constant/chemistryProperties:
chemistryType
{
solver ode;
method TDAC;
}
All the angle bracket parts of the model names (e.g.,
<psiThermoCombustion,gasHThermoPhysics>) have been removed as well as
the chemistryThermo entry.
The changes are mostly backward compatible. Only support for the
angle bracket form of chemistry solver names has been removed. Warnings
will print if some of the old entries are used, as the parts relating to
thermodynamics are now ignored.
and replaced multiphaseInterDyMFoam with a script which reports this change.
The multiphaseInterDyMFoam tutorials have been moved into the multiphaseInterFoam directory.
This change is one of a set of developments to merge dynamic mesh functionality
into the standard solvers to improve consistency, usability, flexibility and
maintainability of these solvers.
Henry G. Weller
CFD Direct Ltd.
Mixture molecular weight is now evaluated in heThermo like everything
else, relying on the low level specie mixing rules. Units have also been
corrected.
and replaced interDyMFoam with a script which reports this change.
The interDyMFoam tutorials have been moved into the interFoam directory.
This change is one of a set of developments to merge dynamic mesh functionality
into the standard solvers to improve consistency, usability, flexibility and
maintainability of these solvers.
Henry G. Weller
CFD Direct Ltd.
The combustion and chemistry models no longer select and own the
thermodynamic model; they hold a reference instead. The construction of
the combustion and chemistry models has been changed to require a
reference to the thermodyanmics, rather than the mesh and a phase name.
At the solver-level the thermo, turbulence and combustion models are now
selected in sequence. The cyclic dependency between the three models has
been resolved, and the raw-pointer based post-construction step for the
combustion model has been removed.
The old solver-level construction sequence (typically in createFields.H)
was as follows:
autoPtr<combustionModels::psiCombustionModel> combustion
(
combustionModels::psiCombustionModel::New(mesh)
);
psiReactionThermo& thermo = combustion->thermo();
// Create rho, U, phi, etc...
autoPtr<compressible::turbulenceModel> turbulence
(
compressible::turbulenceModel::New(rho, U, phi, thermo)
);
combustion->setTurbulence(*turbulence);
The new sequence is:
autoPtr<psiReactionThermo> thermo(psiReactionThermo::New(mesh));
// Create rho, U, phi, etc...
autoPtr<compressible::turbulenceModel> turbulence
(
compressible::turbulenceModel::New(rho, U, phi, *thermo)
);
autoPtr<combustionModels::psiCombustionModel> combustion
(
combustionModels::psiCombustionModel::New(*thermo, *turbulence)
);
and replaced rhoPimpleDyMFoam with a script which reports this change.
The rhoPimpleDyMFoam tutorials have been moved into the rhoPimpleFoam directory.
This change is the first of a set of developments to merge dynamic mesh
functionality into the standard solvers to improve consistency, usability,
flexibility and maintainability of these solvers.
Henry G. Weller
CFD Direct Ltd.
and replaced pimpleDyMFoam with a script which reports this change.
The pimpleDyMFoam tutorials have been moved into the pimpleFoam directory.
This change is the first of a set of developments to merge dynamic mesh
functionality into the standard solvers to improve consistency, usability,
flexibility and maintainability of these solvers.
Henry G. Weller
CFD Direct Ltd.
Now pimpleDyMFoam is exactly equivalent to pimpleFoam when running on a
staticFvMesh. Also when the constant/dynamicMeshDict is not present a
staticFvMesh is automatically constructed so that the pimpleDyMFoam solver can
run any pimpleFoam case without change.
The new momentum stress model selector class
compressibleInterPhaseTransportModel is now used to select between the options:
Description
Transport model selection class for the compressibleInterFoam family of
solvers.
By default the standard mixture transport modelling approach is used in
which a single momentum stress model (laminar, non-Newtonian, LES or RAS) is
constructed for the mixture. However if the \c simulationType in
constant/turbulenceProperties is set to \c twoPhaseTransport the alternative
Euler-Euler two-phase transport modelling approach is used in which separate
stress models (laminar, non-Newtonian, LES or RAS) are instantiated for each
of the two phases allowing for different modeling for the phases.
Mixture and two-phase momentum stress modelling is now supported in
compressibleInterFoam, compressibleInterDyMFoam and compressibleInterFilmFoam.
The prototype compressibleInterPhaseTransportFoam solver is no longer needed and
has been removed.
In this version of compressibleInterFoam separate stress models (laminar,
non-Newtonian, LES or RAS) are instantiated for each of the two phases allowing
for completely different modeling for the phases.
e.g. in the climbingRod tutorial case provided a Newtonian laminar model is
instantiated for the air and a Maxwell non-Newtonian model is instantiated for
the viscoelastic liquid. To stabilize the Maxwell model in regions where the
liquid phase-fraction is 0 the new symmTensorPhaseLimitStabilization fvOption is
applied.
Other phase stress modeling combinations are also possible, e.g. the air may be
turbulent but the liquid laminar and an RAS or LES model applied to the air
only. However, to stabilize this combination a suitable fvOption would need to
be applied to the turbulence properties where the air phase-fraction is 0.
Henry G. Weller, Chris Greenshields
CFD Direct Ltd.
This ensures that the fvOptions are constructed for the -postProcessing option
so that functionObjects which process fvOption data operate correctly in this
mode.
To unsure fvOptions are instantiated for post-processing createFvOptions.H must
be included in createFields.H rather than in the solver directly.
Resolves bug-report https://bugs.openfoam.org/view.php?id=2733
