ENH: twoPhaseEulerFoam: added new interfacial models

applications/solvers/multiphase/twoPhaseEulerFoam/interfacialModels/Make/files

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ dragModels/Ergun/Ergun.C
 dragModels/Gibilaro/Gibilaro.C
 dragModels/GidaspowErgunWenYu/GidaspowErgunWenYu.C
 dragModels/GidaspowSchillerNaumann/GidaspowSchillerNaumann.C
+dragModels/Lain/Lain.C
 dragModels/SchillerNaumann/SchillerNaumann.C
 dragModels/SyamlalOBrien/SyamlalOBrien.C
 dragModels/TomiyamaCorrelated/TomiyamaCorrelated.C
@@ -20,6 +21,8 @@ liftModels/liftModel/liftModel.C
 liftModels/liftModel/newLiftModel.C
 liftModels/noLift/noLift.C
 liftModels/constantLiftCoefficient/constantLiftCoefficient.C
+liftModels/Moraga/Moraga.C
+liftModels/LegendreMagnaudet/LegendreMagnaudet.C
 liftModels/TomiyamaLift/TomiyamaLift.C
 
 heatTransferModels/heatTransferModel/heatTransferModel.C
@@ -36,16 +39,19 @@ wallLubricationModels/wallLubricationModel/wallLubricationModel.C
 wallLubricationModels/wallLubricationModel/newWallLubricationModel.C
 wallLubricationModels/noWallLubrication/noWallLubrication.C
 wallLubricationModels/Antal/Antal.C
+wallLubricationModels/Frank/Frank.C
 
 turbulentDispersionModels/turbulentDispersionModel/turbulentDispersionModel.C
 turbulentDispersionModels/turbulentDispersionModel/newTurbulentDispersionModel.C
 turbulentDispersionModels/noTurbulentDispersion/noTurbulentDispersion.C
 turbulentDispersionModels/constantTurbulentDispersionCoefficient/constantTurbulentDispersionCoefficient.C
+turbulentDispersionModels/Burns/Burns.C
 turbulentDispersionModels/Gosman/Gosman.C
 
 aspectRatioModels/aspectRatioModel/aspectRatioModel.C
 aspectRatioModels/aspectRatioModel/newAspectRatioModel.C
 aspectRatioModels/constantAspectRatio/constantAspectRatio.C
 aspectRatioModels/VakhrushevEfremov/VakhrushevEfremov.C
+aspectRatioModels/Wellek/Wellek.C
 
 LIB = $(FOAM_LIBBIN)/libcompressibleEulerianInterfacialModels

applications/solvers/multiphase/twoPhaseEulerFoam/interfacialModels/aspectRatioModels/Wellek/Wellek.C

@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     |
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2014 OpenFOAM Foundation
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "Wellek.H"
+#include "orderedPhasePair.H"
+#include "addToRunTimeSelectionTable.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Static Data Members * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+namespace aspectRatioModels
+{
+    defineTypeNameAndDebug(Wellek, 0);
+    addToRunTimeSelectionTable
+    (
+        aspectRatioModel,
+        Wellek,
+        dictionary
+    );
+}
+}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Constructors  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+Foam::aspectRatioModels::Wellek::Wellek
+(
+    const dictionary& dict,
+    const orderedPhasePair& pair
+)
+:
+    aspectRatioModel(dict, pair)
+{}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Destructor  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+Foam::aspectRatioModels::Wellek::~Wellek()
+{}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Member Functions  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+Foam::tmp<Foam::volScalarField>
+Foam::aspectRatioModels::Wellek::E() const
+{
+    return scalar(1)/(scalar(1) + 0.163*pow(pair_.Eo(), 0.757));
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

applications/solvers/multiphase/twoPhaseEulerFoam/interfacialModels/aspectRatioModels/Wellek/Wellek.H

@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     |
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2014 OpenFOAM Foundation
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+Class
+    Foam::aspectRatioModels::Wellek
+
+Description
+    Aspect ratio model of Wellek et al.
+
+    References:
+    \verbatim
+        "Implementation and Comparison of Correlations for interfacial Forces
+        in a Gas-Liquid System within an Euler-Euler Framework"
+        M Otromke
+        PhD Thesis
+        April 2013
+    \endverbatim
+
+    \verbatim
+        "Shape of liquid drops moving in liquid media"
+        R M Wellek, A K Agrawal, A H P Skelland
+        International Journal of Multiphase Flow
+        Volume 12, Issue 5, Pages 854-862, September 1966
+    \endverbatim
+
+SourceFiles
+    Wellek.C
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef Wellek_H
+#define Wellek_H
+
+#include "aspectRatioModel.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+namespace aspectRatioModels
+{
+
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+                       Class Wellek Declaration
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+class Wellek
+:
+    public aspectRatioModel
+{
+public:
+
+    //- Runtime type information
+    TypeName("Wellek");
+
+
+    // Constructors
+
+        //- Construct from a dictionary and an ordered phase pair
+        Wellek
+        (
+            const dictionary& dict,
+            const orderedPhasePair& pair
+        );
+
+
+    //- Destructor
+    virtual ~Wellek();
+
+
+    // Member Functions
+
+        //- Aspect ratio
+        virtual tmp<volScalarField> E() const;
+};
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+} // End namespace aspectRatioModels
+} // End namespace Foam
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+#endif
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

applications/solvers/multiphase/twoPhaseEulerFoam/interfacialModels/dragModels/Lain/Lain.C

@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     |
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2014 OpenFOAM Foundation
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "Lain.H"
+#include "phasePair.H"
+#include "addToRunTimeSelectionTable.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Static Data Members * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+namespace dragModels
+{
+    defineTypeNameAndDebug(Lain, 0);
+    addToRunTimeSelectionTable(dragModel, Lain, dictionary);
+}
+}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Constructors  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+Foam::dragModels::Lain::Lain
+(
+    const dictionary& dict,
+    const phasePair& pair,
+    const bool registerObject
+)
+:
+    dragModel(dict, pair, registerObject)
+{}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Destructor  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+Foam::dragModels::Lain::~Lain()
+{}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Member Functions  * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+Foam::tmp<Foam::volScalarField> Foam::dragModels::Lain::CdRe() const
+{
+    volScalarField Re(pair_.Re());
+
+    return
+        neg(Re - 1.5)*16.0
+      + pos(Re - 1.5)*neg(Re - 80.0)*14.9*pow(Re, 0.22)
+      + pos(Re - 80.0)*neg(Re - 1500.0)*48*(1.0 - 2.21/sqrt(max(Re, SMALL)))
+      + pos(Re - 1500.0)*2.61*Re;
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

applications/solvers/multiphase/twoPhaseEulerFoam/interfacialModels/dragModels/Lain/Lain.H

@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     |
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2014 OpenFOAM Foundation
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+Class
+    Foam::dragModels::Lain
+
+Description
+    Drag model of Lain et al.
+
+    References:
+    \verbatim
+        "Implementation and Comparison of Correlations for interfacial Forces
+        in a Gas-Liquid System within an Euler-Euler Framework"
+        M Otromke
+        PhD Thesis
+        April 2013
+    \endverbatim
+
+    \verbatim
+        "Modelling hydrodynamics and turbulence in a bubble column using the
+        Euler-Lagrange procedure"
+        S Lain, D Brodera, M Sommerfelda, M F Goza
+        International Journal of Multiphase Flow
+        Volume 28, Issue 8, Pages 1381-1407, August 2002
+    \endverbatim
+
+SourceFiles
+    Lain.C
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef Lain_H
+#define Lain_H
+
+#include "dragModel.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+
+class phasePair;
+
+namespace dragModels
+{
+
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+                           Class Lain Declaration
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+class Lain
+:
+    public dragModel
+{
+public:
+
+    //- Runtime type information
+    TypeName("Lain");
+
+
+    // Constructors
+
+        //- Construct from a dictionary and a phase pair
+        Lain
+        (
+            const dictionary& dict,
+            const phasePair& pair,
+            const bool registerObject
+        );
+
+
+    //- Destructor
+    virtual ~Lain();
+
+
+    // Member Functions
+
+        //- Drag coefficient
+        virtual tmp<volScalarField> CdRe() const;
+};
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+} // End namespace dragModels
+} // End namespace Foam
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+#endif
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

applications/solvers/multiphase/twoPhaseEulerFoam/interfacialModels/liftModels/LegendreMagnaudet/LegendreMagnaudet.C

@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     |
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2014 OpenFOAM Foundation
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "LegendreMagnaudet.H"
+#include "phasePair.H"
+#include "fvc.H"
+#include "addToRunTimeSelectionTable.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Static Data Members * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+namespace liftModels
+{
+    defineTypeNameAndDebug(LegendreMagnaudet, 0);
+    addToRunTimeSelectionTable(liftModel, LegendreMagnaudet, dictionary);
+}
+}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Constructors  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+Foam::liftModels::LegendreMagnaudet::LegendreMagnaudet
+(
+    const dictionary& dict,
+    const phasePair& pair
+)
+:
+    liftModel(dict, pair),
+    residualRe_("residualRe", dimless, dict.lookup("residualRe"))
+{}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Destructor  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+Foam::liftModels::LegendreMagnaudet::~LegendreMagnaudet()
+{}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Member Functions  * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+Foam::tmp<Foam::volScalarField> Foam::liftModels::LegendreMagnaudet::Cl() const
+{
+    volScalarField Re(max(pair_.Re(), residualRe_));
+
+    volScalarField Sr
+    (
+        sqr(pair_.dispersed().d())
+       /(
+            Re
+           *pair_.continuous().nu()
+        )
+       *mag(fvc::grad(pair_.continuous().U()))
+    );
+
+    volScalarField ClLowSqr
+    (
+        sqr(6.0*2.255)
+       *sqr(Sr)
+       /(
+            pow4(constant::mathematical::pi)
+           *Re
+           *pow3(Sr + 0.2*Re)
+        )
+    );
+
+    volScalarField ClHighSqr
+    (
+        sqr(0.5*(Re + 16.0)/(Re + 29.0))
+    );
+
+    return sqrt(ClLowSqr + ClHighSqr);
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

applications/solvers/multiphase/twoPhaseEulerFoam/interfacialModels/liftModels/LegendreMagnaudet/LegendreMagnaudet.H

@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     |
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2014 OpenFOAM Foundation
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+Class
+    Foam::liftModels::LegendreMagnaudet
+
+Description
+    Lift model of Legendre and Magnaudet.
+
+    References:
+    \verbatim
+        "Implementation and Comparison of Correlations for interfacial Forces
+        in a Gas-Liquid System within an Euler-Euler Framework"
+        M Otromke
+        PhD Thesis
+        April 2013
+    \endverbatim
+
+    \verbatim
+        "The lift force on a spherical bubble in a viscous linear shear flow"
+        D Legendre, J Magnaudet
+        Journal of Fluid Mechanics
+        Volume 368, pp 81-126, August 1998
+    \endverbatim
+
+SourceFiles
+    LegendreMagnaudet.C
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef LegendreMagnaudet_H
+#define LegendreMagnaudet_H
+
+#include "liftModel.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+
+class phasePair;
+
+namespace liftModels
+{
+
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+                           Class LegendreMagnaudet Declaration
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+class LegendreMagnaudet
+:
+    public liftModel
+{
+private:
+
+    // Private data
+
+        //- Residual Reynold's number
+        const dimensionedScalar residualRe_;
+
+
+public:
+
+    //- Runtime type information
+    TypeName("LegendreMagnaudet");
+
+
+    // Constructors
+
+        //- Construct from a dictionary and a phase pair
+        LegendreMagnaudet
+        (
+            const dictionary& dict,
+            const phasePair& pair
+        );
+
+
+    //- Destructor
+    virtual ~LegendreMagnaudet();
+
+
+    // Member Functions
+
+        //- Lift coefficient
+        virtual tmp<volScalarField> Cl() const;
+};
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+} // End namespace liftModels
+} // End namespace Foam
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+#endif
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

applications/solvers/multiphase/twoPhaseEulerFoam/interfacialModels/liftModels/Moraga/Moraga.C

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     |
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2014 OpenFOAM Foundation
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "Moraga.H"
+#include "phasePair.H"
+#include "fvc.H"
+#include "addToRunTimeSelectionTable.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Static Data Members * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+namespace liftModels
+{
+    defineTypeNameAndDebug(Moraga, 0);
+    addToRunTimeSelectionTable(liftModel, Moraga, dictionary);
+}
+}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Constructors  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+Foam::liftModels::Moraga::Moraga
+(
+    const dictionary& dict,
+    const phasePair& pair
+)
+:
+    liftModel(dict, pair)
+{}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Destructor  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+Foam::liftModels::Moraga::~Moraga()
+{}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Member Functions  * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+Foam::tmp<Foam::volScalarField> Foam::liftModels::Moraga::Cl() const
+{
+    volScalarField ReSqrSr
+    (
+        pair_.Re()
+       *sqr(pair_.dispersed().d())
+       /pair_.continuous().nu()
+       *mag(fvc::grad(pair_.continuous().U()))
+    );
+
+    return 0.2*exp(- ReSqrSr/3.6e5 - 0.12)*exp(ReSqrSr/3.0e7);
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

applications/solvers/multiphase/twoPhaseEulerFoam/interfacialModels/liftModels/Moraga/Moraga.H

@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     |
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2014 OpenFOAM Foundation
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+Class
+    Foam::liftModels::Moraga
+
+Description
+    Lift model of Moraga et al.
+
+    References:
+    \verbatim
+        "Implementation and Comparison of Correlations for interfacial Forces
+        in a Gas-Liquid System within an Euler-Euler Framework"
+        M Otromke
+        PhD Thesis
+        April 2013
+    \endverbatim
+
+    \verbatim
+        "Lateral forces on spheres in turbulent uniform shear flow"
+        F J Moraga, F J Bonetto, R T Lahey
+        International Journal of Multiphase Flow
+        Volume 25, Issues 6-7, Pages 1321-1372, September 1999
+    \endverbatim
+
+SourceFiles
+    Moraga.C
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef Moraga_H
+#define Moraga_H
+
+#include "liftModel.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+
+class phasePair;
+
+namespace liftModels
+{
+
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+                           Class Moraga Declaration
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+class Moraga
+:
+    public liftModel
+{
+public:
+
+    //- Runtime type information
+    TypeName("Moraga");
+
+
+    // Constructors
+
+        //- Construct from a dictionary and a phase pair
+        Moraga
+        (
+            const dictionary& dict,
+            const phasePair& pair
+        );
+
+
+    //- Destructor
+    virtual ~Moraga();
+
+
+    // Member Functions
+
+        //- Lift coefficient
+        virtual tmp<volScalarField> Cl() const;
+};
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+} // End namespace liftModels
+} // End namespace Foam
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+#endif
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

applications/solvers/multiphase/twoPhaseEulerFoam/interfacialModels/turbulentDispersionModels/Burns/Burns.C

@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     |
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2014 OpenFOAM Foundation
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "Burns.H"
+#include "phasePair.H"
+#include "fvc.H"
+#include "PhaseIncompressibleTurbulenceModel.H"
+#include "addToRunTimeSelectionTable.H"
+
+#include "dragModel.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Static Data Members * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+namespace turbulentDispersionModels
+{
+    defineTypeNameAndDebug(Burns, 0);
+    addToRunTimeSelectionTable
+    (
+        turbulentDispersionModel,
+        Burns,
+        dictionary
+    );
+}
+}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Constructors  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+Foam::turbulentDispersionModels::Burns::Burns
+(
+    const dictionary& dict,
+    const phasePair& pair
+)
+:
+    turbulentDispersionModel(dict, pair),
+    sigma_("sigma", dimless, dict.lookup("sigma")),
+    residualAlpha_("residualAlpha", dimless, dict.lookup("residualAlpha"))
+{}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Destructor  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+Foam::turbulentDispersionModels::Burns::~Burns()
+{}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Member Functions  * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+Foam::tmp<Foam::volVectorField>
+Foam::turbulentDispersionModels::Burns::F() const
+{
+    const fvMesh& mesh(pair_.phase1().mesh());
+    const dragModel&
+        drag
+        (
+            mesh.lookupObject<dragModel>
+            (
+                IOobject::groupName(dragModel::typeName, pair_.name())
+            )
+        );
+
+    return
+      - 0.75
+       *drag.CdRe()
+       *pair_.dispersed()
+       *pair_.continuous().nu()
+       *pair_.continuous().turbulence().nut()
+       /(
+            sigma_
+           *sqr(pair_.dispersed().d())
+        )
+       *pair_.continuous().rho()
+       *fvc::grad(pair_.continuous())
+       *(1.0 + pair_.dispersed()/max(pair_.continuous(), residualAlpha_));
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

applications/solvers/multiphase/twoPhaseEulerFoam/interfacialModels/turbulentDispersionModels/Burns/Burns.H

@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     |
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2014 OpenFOAM Foundation
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+Class
+    Foam::turbulentDispersionModels::Burns
+
+Description
+    Turbulent dispersion model of Burns et al.
+
+    References:
+    \verbatim
+        "Implementation and Comparison of Correlations for interfacial Forces
+        in a Gas-Liquid System within an Euler-Euler Framework"
+        M Otromke
+        PhD Thesis
+        April 2013
+    \endverbatim
+
+    \verbatim
+        "The Favre averaged drag model for turbulent dispersion in Eulerian
+        multi-phase flows"
+        A D Burns, T Frank, I Hamill, J M Shi
+        5th international conference on multiphase flow
+        Volume 4, Paper 392, May 2004
+    \endverbatim
+
+SourceFiles
+    Burns.C
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef Burns_H
+#define Burns_H
+
+#include "turbulentDispersionModel.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+
+class phasePair;
+
+namespace turbulentDispersionModels
+{
+
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+                             Class Burns Declaration
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+class Burns
+:
+    public turbulentDispersionModel
+{
+    // Private data
+
+        //- Schmidt number
+        const dimensionedScalar sigma_;
+
+        //- Residual phase fraction
+        const dimensionedScalar residualAlpha_;
+
+
+public:
+
+    //- Runtime type information
+    TypeName("Burns");
+
+
+    // Constructors
+
+        //- Construct from a dictionary and a phase pair
+        Burns
+        (
+            const dictionary& dict,
+            const phasePair& pair
+        );
+
+
+    //- Destructor
+    virtual ~Burns();
+
+
+    // Member Functions
+
+        //- Turbulent dispersion force
+        virtual tmp<volVectorField> F() const;
+};
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+} // End namespace turbulentDispersionModels
+} // End namespace Foam
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+#endif
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

applications/solvers/multiphase/twoPhaseEulerFoam/interfacialModels/wallLubricationModels/Frank/Frank.C

@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     |
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2014 OpenFOAM Foundation
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "Frank.H"
+#include "phasePair.H"
+#include "fvc.H"
+#include "addToRunTimeSelectionTable.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Static Data Members * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+namespace wallLubricationModels
+{
+    defineTypeNameAndDebug(Frank, 0);
+    addToRunTimeSelectionTable
+    (
+        wallLubricationModel,
+        Frank,
+        dictionary
+    );
+}
+}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Constructors  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+Foam::wallLubricationModels::Frank::Frank
+(
+    const dictionary& dict,
+    const phasePair& pair
+)
+:
+    wallLubricationModel(dict, pair),
+    Cwd_("Cwd", dimless, dict.lookup("Cwd")),
+    Cwc_("Cwc", dimless, dict.lookup("Cwc")),
+    p_(readScalar(dict.lookup("p")))
+{}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Destructor  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+Foam::wallLubricationModels::Frank::~Frank()
+{}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Member Functions  * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+Foam::tmp<Foam::volVectorField> Foam::wallLubricationModels::Frank::F() const
+{
+    volVectorField Ur(pair_.Ur());
+    volVectorField nWall(- fvc::grad(yWall_));
+    nWall /= mag(nWall) + SMALL;
+
+    volScalarField Eo(pair_.Eo());
+    volScalarField yTilde(yWall_/(Cwc_*pair_.dispersed().d()));
+
+    return
+        (
+            pos(Eo - 1.0)*neg(Eo - 5.0)*exp(-0.933*Eo + 0.179)
+          + pos(Eo - 5.0)*neg(Eo - 33.0)*(0.00599*Eo - 0.0187)
+          + pos(Eo - 33.0)*0.179
+        )
+       *max
+        (
+            dimensionedScalar("zero", dimless/dimLength, 0.0),
+            (1.0 - yTilde)/(Cwd_*yWall_*pow(yTilde, p_ - 1.0))
+        )
+       *pair_.dispersed()
+       *pair_.continuous().rho()
+       *magSqr(Ur - (Ur & nWall)*nWall)
+       *nWall;
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

applications/solvers/multiphase/twoPhaseEulerFoam/interfacialModels/wallLubricationModels/Frank/Frank.H

@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     |
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2014 OpenFOAM Foundation
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+Class
+    Foam::wallLubricationModels::Frank
+
+Description
+    Wall lubrication model of Frank.
+
+    References:
+    \verbatim
+        "Implementation and Comparison of Correlations for interfacial Forces
+        in a Gas-Liquid System within an Euler-Euler Framework"
+        M Otromke
+        PhD Thesis
+        April 2013
+    \endverbatim
+
+    \verbatim
+        "Advances in Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) of 3-dimensional Gas-
+        Liquid Multiphase Flows"
+        T Frank
+        NAFEMS Seminar : Simulation of Complex Flows (CFD)
+        Pages 1-18, April 2005
+    \endverbatim
+
+SourceFiles
+    Frank.C
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef Frank_H
+#define Frank_H
+
+#include "wallLubricationModel.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+
+class phasePair;
+
+namespace wallLubricationModels
+{
+
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+                            Class Frank Declaration
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+class Frank
+:
+    public wallLubricationModel
+{
+private:
+
+    // Private data
+
+        //- Coefficient d
+        const dimensionedScalar Cwd_;
+
+        //- Coefficient c
+        const dimensionedScalar Cwc_;
+
+        //- Power p
+        const scalar p_;
+
+
+public:
+
+    //- Runtime type information
+    TypeName("Frank");
+
+
+    // Constructors
+
+        //- Construct from components
+        Frank
+        (
+            const dictionary& dict,
+            const phasePair& pair
+        );
+
+
+    //- Destructor
+    virtual ~Frank();
+
+
+    // Member Functions
+
+        //- Wall lubrication force
+        tmp<volVectorField> F() const;
+};
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+} // End namespace wallLubricationModels
+} // End namespace Foam
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+#endif
+
+// ************************************************************************* //