CONTRIBUTION: Turbulence DES convection scheme

- Initial code supplied by CFD Software E+F GmbH
- Refactored and integrated into the new templated Turbulence structure by
  OpenCFD
- To use the new convection scheme, add the library
  libturbulenceModelSchemes.so to the $FOAM_CASE controlDict

src/TurbulenceModels/Allwmake

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ set -x
 wmake $targetType turbulenceModels
 wmake $targetType incompressible
 wmake $targetType compressible
+wmake $targetType schemes
 wmakeLnInclude phaseIncompressible
 wmakeLnInclude phaseCompressible
 

src/TurbulenceModels/schemes/DEShybrid/DEShybrid.C

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     |
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2015 OpenFOAM Foundation
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "fvMesh.H"
+#include "DEShybrid.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+    makeSurfaceInterpolationScheme(DEShybrid);
+}
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

src/TurbulenceModels/schemes/DEShybrid/DEShybrid.H

@@ -0,0 +1,413 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     |
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2015 OpenFOAM Foundation
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+    OpenFOAM is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
+    Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your
+    option) any later version.
+
+    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with OpenFOAM; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
+    Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
+
+Class
+    Foam::DEShybrid
+
+Description
+    Hybrid convection scheme of Travin et al. for hybrid RAS/LES calculations.
+    The scheme blends between a low-dissipative convection scheme within the
+    LES region (e.g. linear) and a numerically more robust convection scheme in
+    the RAS region (e.g. upwind-biased schemes).
+
+    The routine calculates the blending factor denoted as "sigma" in the
+    literature reference, where 0 <= sigma <= sigmaMax, which is then employed
+    to set the weights:
+    \f[
+        weight = (1-sigma) w_1 + sigma w_2
+    \f]
+
+    where
+    \vartable
+        sigma | blending factor
+        w_1   | scheme 1 weights
+        w_2   | scheme 2 weights
+    \endvartable
+
+    Reference:
+    \verbatim
+        A. Travin, M. Shur, M. Strelets, P. Spalart (2000).
+        Physical and numerical upgrades in the detached-eddy simulation of
+        complex turbulent flows.
+        In Proceedings of the 412th Euromech Colloquium on LES and Complex
+        Transition and Turbulent Flows, Munich, Germany
+    \endverbatim
+
+    Example of the DEShybrid scheme specification using linear within the LES
+    region and linearUpwind within the RAS region:
+    \verbatim
+    divSchemes
+    {
+        .
+        .
+        div(phi,U)      Gauss DEShybrid
+            linear                        // scheme 1
+            linearUpwind grad(U)          // scheme 2
+            0.65                          // DES coefficient, typically = 0.65
+            10                            // Reference time scale (Uref/Lref)
+            1;                            // Maximum sigma limit (0-1)
+        .
+        .
+    }
+    \endverbatim
+
+Notes
+    - Scheme 1 should be linear (or other low-dissipative schemes) which will
+      be used in the detached/vortex shedding regions.
+    - Scheme 2 should be an upwind/deferred correction/TVD scheme which will
+      be used in the free-stream/Euler/boundary layer regions.
+
+SourceFiles
+    DEShybrid.C
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef DEShybrid_H
+#define DEShybrid_H
+
+#include "surfaceInterpolationScheme.H"
+#include "surfaceInterpolate.H"
+#include "fvcGrad.H"
+#include "blendedSchemeBase.H"
+#include "turbulentTransportModel.H"
+#include "turbulentFluidThermoModel.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+                          class DEShybrid Declaration
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+template<class Type>
+class DEShybrid
+:
+    public surfaceInterpolationScheme<Type>,
+    public blendedSchemeBase<Type>
+{
+    // Private Data
+
+        //- Scheme 1
+        tmp<surfaceInterpolationScheme<Type> > tScheme1_;
+
+        //- Scheme 2
+        tmp<surfaceInterpolationScheme<Type> > tScheme2_;
+
+        //- DES Coefficient
+        scalar CDES_;
+
+        //- Time scale coefficient [1/s]
+        dimensionedScalar invTau_;
+
+        //- Maximum bound for sigma (limited to 1)
+        scalar sigmaMax_;
+
+        //- Lower limit for `B' coefficient
+        dimensionedScalar B0_;
+
+        //- Small length scale to avoid division by zero
+        dimensionedScalar d0_;
+
+        //- Disallow default bitwise copy construct
+        DEShybrid(const DEShybrid&);
+
+        //- Disallow default bitwise assignment
+        void operator=(const DEShybrid&);
+
+
+    // Private Member Functions
+
+        //- Calculate the blending factor
+        tmp<surfaceScalarField> calcBlendingFactor
+        (
+            const GeometricField<Type, fvPatchField, volMesh>& vf,
+            const volScalarField& nuEff,
+            const volVectorField& U,
+            const volScalarField& delta
+        ) const
+        {
+            tmp<volTensorField> gradU(fvc::grad(U));
+            const volScalarField S(sqrt(2.0)*mag(symm(gradU())));
+            const volScalarField Omega(sqrt(2.0)*mag(skew(gradU())));
+            const volScalarField magSqrGradU(magSqr(gradU));
+
+            const volScalarField B
+            (
+                0.5*Omega*max(S, Omega)
+               /max(0.5*magSqrGradU, B0_)
+            );
+            const volScalarField K
+            (
+                max(Foam::sqrt(0.5*magSqrGradU), 0.1*invTau_)
+            );
+            const volScalarField lTurb(Foam::sqrt(nuEff/(pow(0.09, 1.5)*K)));
+            const volScalarField g(tanh(pow4(B)));
+            const volScalarField A
+            (
+                 max(scalar(0), CDES_*delta/max(lTurb*g, d0_) - 0.5)
+            );
+            const surfaceScalarField Af(fvc::interpolate(A));
+
+            return tmp<surfaceScalarField>
+            (
+                new surfaceScalarField
+                (
+                    vf.name() + "BlendingFactor",
+                    max(sigmaMax_*tanh(pow3(Af)), scalar(0))
+                )
+            );
+        }
+
+
+public:
+
+    //- Runtime type information
+    TypeName("DEShybrid");
+
+
+    // Constructors
+
+        //- Construct from mesh and Istream.
+        //  The name of the flux field is read from the Istream and looked-up
+        //  from the mesh objectRegistry
+        DEShybrid(const fvMesh& mesh, Istream& is)
+        :
+            surfaceInterpolationScheme<Type>(mesh),
+            tScheme1_
+            (
+                surfaceInterpolationScheme<Type>::New(mesh, is)
+            ),
+            tScheme2_
+            (
+                surfaceInterpolationScheme<Type>::New(mesh, is)
+            ),
+            CDES_(readScalar(is)),
+            invTau_("invTau", dimless/dimTime, readScalar(is)),
+            sigmaMax_(readScalar(is)),
+            B0_("B0", dimless/sqr(dimTime), 1e-20),
+            d0_("d0", dimLength, SMALL)
+        {
+            if (invTau_.value() <= 0)
+            {
+                FatalErrorIn("DEShybrid(const fvMesh&, Istream&)")
+                    << "invTau coefficient must be greater than 0. "
+                    << "Current value: " << invTau_ << exit(FatalError);
+            }
+            if (sigmaMax_ > 1)
+            {
+                FatalErrorIn("DEShybrid(const fvMesh&, Istream&)")
+                    << "sigmaMax coefficient must be less than or equal to 1. "
+                    << "Current value: " << sigmaMax_ << exit(FatalError);
+            }
+        }
+
+        //- Construct from mesh, faceFlux and Istream
+        DEShybrid
+        (
+            const fvMesh& mesh,
+            const surfaceScalarField& faceFlux,
+            Istream& is
+        )
+        :
+            surfaceInterpolationScheme<Type>(mesh),
+            tScheme1_
+            (
+                surfaceInterpolationScheme<Type>::New(mesh, faceFlux, is)
+            ),
+            tScheme2_
+            (
+                surfaceInterpolationScheme<Type>::New(mesh, faceFlux, is)
+            ),
+            CDES_(readScalar(is)),
+            invTau_("invTau", dimless/dimTime, readScalar(is)),
+            sigmaMax_(readScalar(is)),
+            B0_("B0", dimless/sqr(dimTime), 1e-20),
+            d0_("d0", dimLength, SMALL)
+        {
+            if (invTau_.value() <= 0)
+            {
+                FatalErrorIn("DEShybrid(const fvMesh&, Istream&)")
+                    << "invTau coefficient must be greater than 0. "
+                    << "Current value: " << invTau_ << exit(FatalError);
+            }
+            if (sigmaMax_ > 1)
+            {
+                FatalErrorIn("DEShybrid(const fvMesh&, Istream&)")
+                    << "sigmaMax coefficient must be less than or equal to 1. "
+                    << "Current value: " << sigmaMax_ << exit(FatalError);
+            }
+        }
+
+
+    // Member Functions
+
+        //- Return the face-based blending factor
+        virtual tmp<surfaceScalarField> blendingFactor
+        (
+             const GeometricField<Type, fvPatchField, volMesh>& vf
+        ) const
+        {
+            const fvMesh& mesh = this->mesh();
+
+            typedef compressible::turbulenceModel cmpModel;
+            typedef incompressible::turbulenceModel icoModel;
+
+            // Assuming that LES delta field is called "delta"
+            const volScalarField& delta = this->mesh().template
+                 lookupObject<const volScalarField>("delta");
+
+            // Could avoid the compressible/incompressible case by looking
+            // up all fields from the database - but retrieving from model
+            // ensures consistent fields are being employed e.g. for multiphase
+            // where group name is used
+
+            if (mesh.foundObject<icoModel>(icoModel::propertiesName))
+            {
+                const icoModel& model =
+                    mesh.lookupObject<icoModel>(icoModel::propertiesName);
+
+                return calcBlendingFactor(vf, model.nuEff(), model.U(), delta);
+            }
+            else if (mesh.foundObject<cmpModel>(cmpModel::propertiesName))
+            {
+                const cmpModel& model =
+                    mesh.lookupObject<cmpModel>(cmpModel::propertiesName);
+
+                return calcBlendingFactor
+                (
+                    vf, model.muEff()/model.rho(), model.U(), delta
+                );
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                FatalErrorIn
+                (
+                    "virtual tmp<surfaceScalarField> DEShybrid::blendingFactor"
+                    "("
+                         "const GeometricField<Type, fvPatchField, volMesh>&"
+                    ") const"
+                )
+                    << "Scheme requires a turbulence model to be present. "
+                    << "Unable to retrieve turbulence model from the mesh "
+                    << "database" << exit(FatalError);
+
+                return tmp<surfaceScalarField>(NULL);
+            }
+        }
+
+
+        //- Return the interpolation weighting factors
+        tmp<surfaceScalarField> weights
+        (
+            const GeometricField<Type, fvPatchField, volMesh>& vf
+        ) const
+        {
+            surfaceScalarField bf(blendingFactor(vf));
+
+            return
+                (scalar(1) - bf)*tScheme1_().weights(vf)
+              + bf*tScheme2_().weights(vf);
+        }
+
+
+        //- Return the face-interpolate of the given cell field
+        //  with explicit correction
+        tmp<GeometricField<Type, fvsPatchField, surfaceMesh> >
+        interpolate
+        (
+            const GeometricField<Type, fvPatchField, volMesh>& vf
+        ) const
+        {
+            surfaceScalarField bf(blendingFactor(vf));
+
+            return
+                (scalar(1) - bf)*tScheme1_().interpolate(vf)
+              + bf*tScheme2_().interpolate(vf);
+        }
+
+
+        //- Return true if this scheme uses an explicit correction
+        virtual bool corrected() const
+        {
+            return tScheme1_().corrected() || tScheme2_().corrected();
+        }
+
+
+        //- Return the explicit correction to the face-interpolate
+        //  for the given field
+        virtual tmp<GeometricField<Type, fvsPatchField, surfaceMesh> >
+        correction
+        (
+            const GeometricField<Type, fvPatchField, volMesh>& vf
+        ) const
+        {
+            surfaceScalarField bf(blendingFactor(vf));
+
+            if (tScheme1_().corrected())
+            {
+                if (tScheme2_().corrected())
+                {
+                    return
+                    (
+                        (scalar(1) - bf)
+                      * tScheme1_().correction(vf)
+                      + bf
+                      * tScheme2_().correction(vf)
+                    );
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    return
+                    (
+                        (scalar(1) - bf)
+                      * tScheme1_().correction(vf)
+                    );
+                }
+            }
+            else if (tScheme2_().corrected())
+            {
+                return (bf*tScheme2_().correction(vf));
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                return tmp<GeometricField<Type, fvsPatchField, surfaceMesh> >
+                (
+                    NULL
+                );
+            }
+        }
+};
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+} // End namespace Foam
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+#endif
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

src/TurbulenceModels/schemes/Make/files

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+DEShybrid/DEShybrid.C
+
+LIB = $(FOAM_LIBBIN)/libturbulenceModelSchemes

src/TurbulenceModels/schemes/Make/options

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+EXE_INC = \
+    -I$(LIB_SRC)/transportModels \
+    -I$(LIB_SRC)/transportModels/compressible/lnInclude \
+    -I$(LIB_SRC)/TurbulenceModels/turbulenceModels/lnInclude \
+    -I$(LIB_SRC)/TurbulenceModels/incompressible/lnInclude \
+    -I$(LIB_SRC)/TurbulenceModels/compressible/lnInclude \
+    -I$(LIB_SRC)/thermophysicalModels/basic/lnInclude \
+    -I$(LIB_SRC)/finiteVolume/lnInclude
+
+LIB_LIBS = \
+    -lcompressibleTransportModels \
+    -lturbulenceModels \
+    -lincompressibleTurbulenceModels \
+    -lincompressibleTransportModels \
+    -lcompressibleTurbulenceModels \
+    -lfluidThermophysicalModels \
+    -lfiniteVolume