Accumulates function object result values and renders into a graph in SVG format
Minimal example by using system/controlDict.functions to plot the residuals from
the solverInfo function Object:
residualGraph
{
type graphFunctionObject;
libs (utilityFunctionObjects);
writeControl writeTime;
logScaleX no;
logScaleY yes;
xlabel "Iteration";
ylabel "log10(Initial residual)";
functions
{
line1
{
object solverInfo1;
entry Ux_initial;
}
line2
{
object solverInfo1;
entry Uy_initial;
}
line3
{
object solverInfo1;
entry Uz_initial;
}
line4
{
object solverInfo1;
entry p_initial;
}
}
}
Activated using the [optional] 'shielding' keyword having the options:
- standard: [default] same as v2406 and earlier
- ZDES2020: new option based on the reference:
Deck, S., Renard, N. (2020).
Towards an enhanced protection of attached boundary layers in hybrid
RANS/LES methods.
Journal of Computational Physics, 400, 108970.
DOI:10.1016/j.jcp.2019.108970
Contribution from Marian Fuchs at UpstreamCFD GmbH
Integrated by Andrew Heather OpenCFD Ltd.
Multi-faceZone based blending differencing scheme.
Schemes are set in dictonary format according to:
divSchemes
{
.
.
div(phi,U) Gauss zoneBlended
{
default defaultScheme;
faceZone1 scheme1;
faceZone2 scheme2;
...
faceZoneN schemeN;
}
.
.
}
The default entry specifies the background scheme; additional schemes
can be set per faceZone, e.g. scheme1 is applied to facZone1,
scheme2 is applied to facZone2 etc.
- The edgeInterpolation::makeCorrectionVectors() disables the non-orthogonality
correction if the calculated non-orthogonality coefficient is below 0.1.
However, this activation routine only considers internal edges, and excludes
any processor edges, resulting in inconsistent parallel calculations. This
routine is removed.
- Fatal errors are replaced with zero-valued fields for non-orthogonality-
and skewness-correction routines.
- 1_Inlet_2_Outlet/porosityBased/R_10x-init/reEval: showcases the
initialization of the design variables using topoSet and setFields
- 3DBox/losses-mass-uniformity-SQP-extraVars: showcases the use of the
so-called 'extra variables' in the QP problem which relax it,
allowing its solution even if there is no feasible one
in topology optimisation, through a volScalarfield named alpha.
The order of precedence is (top to bottom):
- values read from time/uniform/topOVars (used also for continuation)
- values read from 0/alpha (can be easily set with topoSet + setFields)
- uniform zero
to Function1, to be able to change their value at runtime. Useful when
constraints are not feasible at the beginning of the optimisation
(frequent in topology optimisation) and we want to leave some room to
the optimiser to not focus heavily on them at the beginning, but respect
them during the last optimisation cycles.
Has a big impact, especially in MMA, when dealing with volume
constraints in topology optimisation.
When using the (optional) convergence criteria for the optimisation
loop, adherence to them is checked in the postUpdate phase of the update
of the design variables. If a line search is used, this means that the
flow equations have been solved anew using the new design variables and
the objective reduction check makes sense. If, however, no line search
is used, the objective reduction check happens immediately after the
update of the design variables and before re-solving the flow equations,
giving a reduction in the objective function and terminating the
optimisation loop prematurely.
Solved by calling the convergence check directly after the solution of
the flow equations, in case of a fixedStepUpdate
Was triggering update of cell-cell stencil (=meshObject) without
corresponding rebuilding of lduAddressing (= oversetFvMeshBase storage).
- added clearOut to oversetFvMesh(Base)
- added call to clearOut when rebuilding stencil
- PLOAD2 is a reasonable default and PLOAD4 output
(currently misused for vectors/tensors) is the exception.
- simplify the specification by using optional PLOAD4, PLOAD2 wordRes
lists to act as allow/deny selectors. In the regular case won't need
to specify anything or perhaps only the PLOAD4 list.
ENH: atomic creation of Nastran files
FIX: inconsistent Nastran surface output format
- use FREE format by default. Previously had an odd mix of SHORT
format when created without options and LONG format (as default)
when created with format options.
- the old logic relied on the presence/absence of a comma to decide
whether to parse as fixed or free format. This logic is faulty when
handling the final (trailing) entry and will generally lead to the
last field being truncated when read in.
Now the caller decides on fixed vs free.
FIX: inconsistent Nastran surface output format
- use FREE format by default. Previously had an odd mix of SHORT
format when created without options and LONG format (as default)
when created with format options.
Creates view factors for the view factor radiation model.
User-selectable models:
- raySearchEngine: model to generate rays, i.e. face-to-face connections
- viewFactorModel: model to compute the view factors
For visualisation, use:
- Write the view factors as a volume field
writeViewFactors yes;
- Write the rays using OBJ format:
writeRays yes; // default = no
Participating patches must be in the \c vewFactorWall group, i.e. using the
\c inGroups entry of the "\<case\>/polyMesh/boundary" file.
\verbatim
myPatch
{
type wall;
inGroups 2(wall viewFactorWall);
...
}
\endverbatim
Reads:
- <constant>/viewFactorsDict : main controls
- <constant>/finalAgglom : agglomeration addressing (from faceAgglomerate)
Generates:
- <constant>/F : view factors (matrix)
- <constant>/mapDist : map used for parallel running
- <constant>/globalFaceFaces : face addressing
- can be useful for various orientation-related geometry or mesh
manipulations during pre-/post-processing:
* combine with linearDirection to achieve better extrusion results.
* orientation of transformations, blockMesh, result projections, ...
STYLE: minor code modernizations
Co-authored-by: Mark Olesen <>
- exprValueFieldTag is an extended version of exprValue,
with additional Field/List uniformity handling
- the exprValueFieldTag reduce() method provides a more efficient
method than using a regular combine operator. Since fields are
usually non-uniform, will mostly only need the bitwise reduce and
not a more expensive gather/combine.
ENH: output of exprValue (scalar type) now includes '.'
- prevents scalar/label ambiguity for values like '100.0', which would
otherwise be written as '100' and thus interpreted as a label value
when re-reading.
Based on the reference
Tomiyama, A., Kataoka, I., Zun, I., Sakaguchi, T. (1998)
Drag coefficients of single bubbles under normal and micro gravity
conditions
JSME International Journal, 41(2), 472-479.
Example usage
subModels
{
particleForces
{
tomiyamaDrag
{
sigma 0.07;
contamination pure; // pure | slight | full
}
}
}
Determines radiation heat flux between patches when using the viewFactor
radiation model.
Example usage
viewFactorHeatFlux1
{
// Mandatory entries (unmodifiable)
type viewFactorHeatFlux;
libs (utilityFunctionObjects);
// Optional entries (runtime modifiable)
qr qr;
}
STYLE: polyPatch cached areaFraction as std::unique_ptr
- more consistent with other demand-driven data.
Getter now returns tmp field instead of const reference.
- the ensightReadFile init() now automatically sets up binary/ascii
(for geometry files) and checks for the transient "BEGIN TIME STEP"
marker. If found, will also populate the file offsets for each of
the timesteps. If no corresponding footer is found (which would be
very inefficient), it simply pretends that there is only a single
time step instead of performing a costly file scan.
- parsing of the ensight case file now also supports the use of
filename numbers:
as an alternative to
filename start number:
filename increment:
- improved parsing robustness of "time values:" entry.
Can now also have contents on the same line as the introducer.
ENH: base-level adjustments for writing transient single-file
- beginGeometry() is now separated out from file creation.
- in append mode, ensightFile and ensightGeoFile will attempt to
parse existing time-step information.
- previous support for file appending (largely unused) always
specified opening with the std::ios_base::app flag.
Now differentiate between append behaviours:
APPEND_APP
~~~~~~~~~~
Corresponds to std::ios_base::app behaviour:
- Existing files will be preserved and a seek-to-end is performed at
every write. With this mode seeks/repositioning within the file
will effectively be ignored on output.
APPEND_ATE
~~~~~~~~~~
Largely approximates std::ios_base::ate behaviour:
- Existing files will be preserved and a seek-to-end is performed
immediately after opening, but not subsequently. Can use seekp()
to overwrite parts of a file.
- evaluate()
the communication type is exposed as a parameter to allow for more
tuning, but default parameter remains defaultCommsType so there is
no change in behaviour for existing code
- evaluate_if()
supports a general selection predicate
- evaluateSelected()
now does initEvaluate() for all patches, waits and then calls
evaluate(). This avoids potential deadlocks when multiple patches
are inter-communicating.
ENH: align DimensionedField reading with GeometricField treatment
- use localIOdictionary to obtain the dictionary contents
ENH: update GeometricField code
- change GeometricField writeData() as primary output method
(not operator<<) for better clarity of purpose
- use unique_ptr for GeometricField demand-driven data
- boundary entries with writeEntry(const word&, ...) instead of
writeEntry(const keyType&, ...) to match with most other
writeEntry() signatures. Also, this content will not be used
to supply regex matched sub-dictionaries.
STYLE: more consistent patch initEvaluate()/evaluate() coding
- delay construction of message buffer
- OStringStream count() method to test if anything has been streamed
STYLE: explicit use of std::ios_base in IOstreams
- document the return information of set flag methods
- can be used with this type of code:
ITstream* streamPtr = dict.findStream(name);
if (streamPtr)
{
auto& is = *streamPtr;
...
}
versus:
const entry* eptr = dict.findEntry(name);
if (eptr && eptr->isStream())
{
auto& is = eptr->stream();
...
}
ENH: add findStream(), streamPtr(), isStream() to dictionary search
- symmetric with findDict(), dictPtr(), isDict() methods
STYLE: use findDict() instead of found() + subDict() pairing
COMP: define is_globalIOobject trait at top of IOobject header
- more visibility, permits reuse for specializations etc.
BUG: streamFunction used uninitialized values for symmetry patches
- related to 8a8b5db977 changes (#3144)
ENH: improve robustness of surface field flattening
- vtk::surfaceFieldWriter
- the maxCommsSize variable is used to 'chunk' large data transfers
(eg, with PstreamBuffers) into a multi-pass send/recv sequence.
The send/recv windows for chunk-wise transfers:
iter data window
---- -----------
0 [0, 1*chunk]
1 [1*chunk, 2*chunk]
2 [2*chunk, 3*chunk]
...
Since we mostly send/recv in bytes, the current internal limit
for MPI counts (INT_MAX) can be hit rather quickly.
The chunking limit should thus also be INT_MAX, but since it is
rather tedious to specify such large numbers, can instead use
maxCommsSize = -1
to specify (INT_MAX-1) as the limit.
The default value of maxCommsSize = 0 (ie, no chunking).
Note
~~~~
In previous versions, the number of chunks was determined by the
sender sizes. This required an additional MPI_Allreduce to establish
an overall consistent number of chunks to walk. This additional
overhead each time meant that maxCommsSize was rarely actually
enabled.
We can, however, instead rely on the send/recv buffers having been
consistently sized and simply walk through the local send/recvs until
no further chunks need to be exchanged. As an additional enhancement,
the message tags are connected to chunking iteration, which allows
the setup of all send/recvs without an intermediate Allwait.
ENH: extend UPstream::probeMessage to use int64 instead of int for sizes
- the timeSelector is often used to select single or multiple times
(eg, for post-processing). However, there are a few applications
where only a *single* time should be selected and set.
These are now covered by this type of use:
timeSelector::addOptions_singleTime(); // Single-time options
...
// Allow override of time from specified time options, or no-op
timeSelector::setTimeIfPresent(runTime, args);
In some cases, if can be desirable to force starting from the
initial Time=0 when no time options have been specified:
// Set time from specified time options, or force start from Time=0
timeSelector::setTimeIfPresent(runTime, args, true);
These changes make a number of includes redundant:
* addTimeOptions.H
* checkConstantOption.H
* checkTimeOption.H
* checkTimeOptions.H
* checkTimeOptionsNoConstant.H
ENH: add time handling to setFields, setAlphaField (#3143)
Co-authored-by: Johan Roenby <>
STYLE: replace instant("constant") with instant(0, "constant")
- avoids relying on atof parse behaviour returning zero
- for example,
string buffer = ...;
SubStrings<string> split;
{
auto colon = buffer.find(':');
if (colon != std::string::npos)
{
split = stringOps::splitSpace(buffer, colon+1);
}
}
Not really possible with a substr() since that would create a new
temporary which then disappears. Similarly awkward to split and
then scan for the ':' to decide how many to discard.
ENH: add pop_front() and pop_back() methods to SubStrings
- the content is trivial enough (a pair of iterators) and the total
number of elements is usually reasonable short so that removal of
elements is inexpensive
For example,
string buffer = ...;
auto split = stringOps::splitSpace(buffer);
if (!split.empty() && split[0].str() == "face")
{
split.pop_front();
}
- ensures more accurate values for message sizes than using
MPI Get_count(), which trucates at INT_MAX
- add more/better error messages when trying to receive messages
that exceed INT_MAX or the char buffer lengths
- "buffered" corresponds to MPI_Bsend (buffered send),
whereas the old name "blocking" is misleading since the
regular MPI_Send also blocks until completion
(ie, buffer can be reused).
ENH: IPstream::read() returns std::streamsize instead of label (#3152)
- previously returned a 'label' but std::streamsize is consistent with
the input parameter and will help with later adjustments.
- use <label> instead of <int> for internal accounting of the message
size, for consistency with the underyling List<char> buffers used.
- improve handling for corner case of IPstream receive with
non-blocking, although this combination is not used anywhere
- robuster and more reliable determination of inserted objects
(previous code could produce false positives).
Now also determine the number of inserted objects within the
constructor (instead of simply storing a bool). This allows reuse
in the address calculations to reduce overheads there.
BUG: dodgy short-circuit logic for insertedObjectLabels()
- as a quick short-circuit it previously created as demand-driven
pointer with a zero elements. However, this meant that if this code
was called first (before any other addressing), subsequent calls to
the addressing would fail.
BUG: bad logic and lookup for faAreaMapper (#3147)
- was using labelHashSet but returning a bool and set using the
addressing using the unfiltered objects!
This is a latent bug since interpolated/inserted faces not
currently supported anyhow.
ENH: use std::unique_ptr for demand-driven data
- manual revert for 44d0fbd594.
Unless required for post-processing the "value" entry should not
written if it is not mandatory for reading.
This is especially crucial with an 'empty' patch field where the
field (size 0) has a different size from the patch.
- the changes made align fvsPatchField behaviour with fvPatchField
- return autoPtr<token::compound> instead of the derived type,
otherwise cannot easily construct a token from it
ENH: additional typed version of refCompoundToken()
- symmetric with typed version of transferCompoundToken()
and isCompound()
- add ITstream::findCompound<Type>() method.
Useful for searching within token streams
- previously automatically skipped the first communicator (which was
assumed to be MPI_COMM_WORLD), but now simply rely on the
internal pendingMPIFree_ to track which communicators have actually
been allocated.
- UPstream::Communicator is similar to UPstream::Request to
wrap/unwrap MPI_Comm. Provides a 'lookup' method to transcribe
the internal OpenFOAM communicator tracking to the opaque wrapped
version.
- provide an 'openfoam_mpi.H' interfacing file, which includes
the <mpi.h> as well as casting routines.
Example (caution: ugly!)
MPI_Comm myComm =
PstreamUtils::Cast::to_mpi
(
UPstream::Communicator::lookup(UPstream::worldComm)
);
- replace point-to-point transmission of the argList args/options with
a broadcast. This is sufficient for most cases (without distributed
roots).
For "normal" cases (non-distributed roots) this will replace the
nProcs-1 messages with a single broadcast.
- for cases with distributed roots, distinguish between a single,
identical root and different roots. An identical root can also be
subsequently handled with a broadcast. Different roots will still
require individual point-to-point communication.
For cases with distributed roots, it will add the overhead of an
additional broadcast.
- adds consistency with regular point-to-point parallel streams.
ENH: add ITstream::tokens() methods
- useful, for example, to disambiguate constructing tokenList from
a ITstream.
ITstream& is = otherDict.lookup("original");
tokenList deepCopy(is); // Error: from Istream or tokenList??
tokenList deepCopy(is.tokens()); // OK: from tokenList
- The internal storage location of finite-area changes from being
piggybacked on the polyMesh registry to a having its own dedicated
registry:
* allows a clearer separation of field types without name clashes.
* prerequisite for supporting multiple finite-area regions (future)
Old Locations:
```
0/Us
constant/faMesh
system/faMeshDefinition
system/faSchemes
system/faSolution
```
New Locations:
```
0/finite-area/Us
constant/finite-area/faMesh
system/finite-area/faMeshDefinition (or system/faMeshDefinition)
system/finite-area/faSchemes
system/finite-area/faSolution
```
NOTES:
The new locations represent a hard change (breaking change) that
is normally to be avoided, but seamless compatibility handling
within the code was found to be unworkable.
The `foamUpgradeFiniteArea` script provides assistance with migration.
As a convenience, the system/faMeshDefinition location continues
to be supported (may be deprecated in the future).
- Delete() will perform a 'checkOut()' which does the following:
* remove the object from the registry
* delete the pointer (if owned by the registry)
- Release() does the following:
* transfer ownership of the pointer (if owned by the registry)
- Store() does the following:
* transfer ownership of the pointer to the registry
ENH: use UPtrList of sorted objects for MeshObject updates
- few allocations and lower overhead than using a HashTable,
ensures the same walk order over the objects (in parallel)
STYLE: adjust meshObject debug statements
STYLE: update code style for phi modification (engine motion)
ENH: pass isMeshUpdate param in fvMesh/polyMesh clearOut() methods
- top-level use of isMeshUpdate parameter to clearOut and
clearAddressing was being inadvertently filtered out
- after the modification of d578d48a4f, the parent was now actually
searched. However, should be returning "constant" and not trigger a
FatalError if the file/directory is not found.
- findStrings, findMatchingStrings now mostly covered by matching
intrinsics in wordRe and wordRes.
Add static wordRes match() and matching() variants
COMP: remove stringListOps include from objectRegistry.H
- was already noted for removal (NOV-2018)
- NewIFstream would read complete remote file to decide if
was collated.
- This limits files to 31bit size
- Instead now have master-only opening of file.
- Still has problem with refinement history/cellLevel etc.
- previously would always return "constant" as the instance for
an optional dir/file that wasn't found.
However, this meant retesting to screen out false positives.
Now support an additional parameter
'bool constant_fallback = ...'
to return "constant" or an empty word.
The method signature changes slightly with a new optional bool
parameter:
//! Return \c "constant" instead of \c "" if the search failed
const bool constant_fallback = true
ENH: code consolidation for findInstancePath
- relocate from Time to TimePaths and provide an additional static
version that is reused in fileOperations
BUG: distributedTriSurfaceMesh:::findLocalInstance broken (#3135)
- was not checking the parent at all.
COMP: remove unused findInstancePath(const fileName&, ..) method
- leave 'readContents' method name for exposed (public) methods.
Generally not a problem, but can confuse the compiler when various
public/private versions are available with the same number of
parameters.
STYLE: adjust meshObject debug statements
- the type/name for field caching were saved as word, but ensight has
things like "tensor symm" etc, which do not parse very well as
'word'. Now save as 'string' type.
Backwards compatibility is OK since a word token will also be
readable as string etc.
- makes string reading consistent with fileName reading.
Related to #3133 to also allow compatibility when reading existing
dictionaries written with unquoted string contents.
- used defunct "processors/" directory naming, and includes are now
addressed by the file-handler anyhow.
ENH: support 'tutorials/Alltest -init'
- for copying/creating test directory without running
- in renumberMesh replace calculation of a subMesh connectivity
with calculation of the full mesh connectivity followed by subsetting
of the full adjacency matrix. This should reduce the overall number of
operations. (MR !669)
- added solidBodyMotionFunctions to topoSet which allows things like
moving cellSet selection for fvOptions etc.
COMP: relocate solidBodyMotionFunctions to meshTools
Co-authored-by: Kutalmis Bercin <>
- provide no_topology() characteristic to avoid triggering potentially
expensive mesh connectivity calculations when they are not required.
- remove/deprecate unused pointField references from the renumber
methods. These appear to have crept in from outer similarities
with decompositionMethod, but have no meaning for renumbering.
- remove/deprecate various unused aggregation renumberings since these
have been previously replaced by pre-calling calcCellCells, or
using bandCompression directly.
- make regionFaceOrder for block-wise renumbering optional and
treat as experimental (ie, default is now disabled).
The original idea was to sort the intra-region and inter-region faces
separately. However, this will mostly lead to non-upper triangular
ordering between regions, which checkMesh and others don't really like.
ENH: add timing information for various renumberMesh stages
ENH: add reset of clockTime and cpuTime increment
- simplifies section-wise timings
ENH: add globalIndex::null() and fieldTypes::processorType conveniences
- provides more central management of these characteristics
- particularly useful in these combinations:
1.
OCharStream buf;
// populate
ISpanStream is(buf.view());
// parse
2.
// read from file
ifile.getLine(str);
ISpanStream is(str);
// parse
These avoid making a copy of the character content, compared to
versions with stringstream:
OStringStream buf;
IStringStream is(buf.str());
- a few places still used listCombineReduce instead of
newer constructs (eg allGatherList) with fewer MPI calls.
- align triangulation handling of turbulentDFSEMInlet and
patchInjectionBase with meshTools/triangulatedPatch
(will ease future code refactoring)
- renumberMesh now has -dry-run, -write-maps, -no-fields,
-renumber-method, -renumber-coeffs options.
* Use -dry-run with -write-maps to visualize the before/after
effects of renumbering (creates a VTK file).
* -no-fields to renumber the mesh only.
This is useful and faster when the input fields are uniform
and the -overwrite option is specified.
* -renumber-method allows a quick means of specifying a different
default renumber method (instead of Cuthill-McKee).
The -renumber-coeffs option allows passing of dictionary content
for the method.
Examples,
// Different ways to specify reverse Cuthill-McKee
* -renumber-method RCM
* -renumber-coeffs 'reverse true;'
* -renumber-method CuthillMcKee
* -renumber-coeffs 'reverse true;'
* -renumber-coeffs 'method CuthillMcKee; reverse true;'
// Other (without dictionary coefficients)
* renumberMesh -renumber-method random
// Other (with dictionary coefficients)
renumberMesh \
-renumber-method spring \
-renumber-coeffs 'maxCo 0.1; maxIter 1000; freezeFraction 0.99;'
// Other (with additional libraries)
renumberMesh -renumber-method zoltan -lib zoltanRenumber
COMP: build zoltan renumbering to MPI-specific location
- zoltan and Sloan renumbering are now longer automatically linked to
the renumberMesh utility but must be separately loaded by a
command-line option or through a dictionary "libs" entry.
ENH: add output cellID for decomposePar -dry-run -cellDist
ENH: eliminate unnecessary duplicate communicator
- in globalMeshData previously had a comm_dup hack to avoid clashes
with deltaCoeffs calculations. However, this was largely due to a
manual implementation of reduce() that used point-to-point
communication. This has since been updated to use an MPI_Allreduce
and now an MPI_Allgather, neither of which need this hack.
- this was previously a UList instead of SubList,
but SubList supports better assignment of values
ENH: add invertOneToManyCompact
- returns a CompactListList<label> instead of labelListList, which
allows for reuse as partitioning table etc and/or slightly reduced
memory overhead
- add convenience forms for common combinations
- avoid allocation for 1:1 identity agglomerations
- support subsetting forms (avoids an intermediate fvMeshSubset)
that also return the cellMap
- refactored to eliminate code duplication between weighted and
unweighted forms
- construct Map/HashTable from key/value lists.
- invertToMap() : like invert() but returns a Map<label>,
which is useful for sparse numbering
- inplaceRenumber() : taking a Map<label> for the mapper
ENH: construct/reset CStringList for list of C-strings
- surfaceWriter TryNew() factory methods for more failure tolerant
handling
- reduce communication for sampledSurfaces.
Track non-empty surfaces as bool, only updated on change
(expire/update).
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