Merge pull request #111 from ParticulateFlow/release

Release 20.09

.circleci/config.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+version: 2
+jobs:
+  build:
+    branches:
+      only:
+        - master
+        - develop
+
+    docker:
+      - image: ubuntu:trusty
+
+    environment:
+      WM_NCOMPPROCS: 2
+
+    working_directory: /root/CFDEM/CFDEMcoupling
+
+    steps:
+      - run:
+          name: Install package dependencies
+          command: sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y build-essential cmake openmpi-bin libopenmpi-dev python-dev git bc
+          
+      - run:
+          name: Make project and user dir
+          command: mkdir -p /root/CFDEM/CFDEMcoupling && mkdir -p /root/CFDEM/-6
+
+      - checkout:
+          path: /root/CFDEM/CFDEMcoupling
+
+      - run:
+          name: Add OpenFOAM package repository
+          command: sudo apt-get install -y software-properties-common wget apt-transport-https && sudo sh -c "wget -O - http://dl.openfoam.org/gpg.key | apt-key add -" && sudo add-apt-repository http://dl.openfoam.org/ubuntu
+
+      - run:
+          name: Install OpenFOAM 6
+          command: sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get -y install openfoam6
+
+      - run:
+          name: Clone LIGGGHTS repository
+          command: git clone https://github.com/ParticulateFlow/LIGGGHTS-PFM.git /root/CFDEM/LIGGGHTS
+
+      - run:
+          name: Build LIGGGHTS
+          command: >
+            shopt -s expand_aliases &&
+            source /opt/openfoam6/etc/bashrc &&
+            source /root/CFDEM/CFDEMcoupling/etc/bashrc &&
+            bash /root/CFDEM/CFDEMcoupling/etc/compileLIGGGHTS.sh
+          no_output_timeout: 30m
+
+      - run:
+          name: Build CFDEMcoupling library
+          command: >
+            shopt -s expand_aliases &&
+            source /opt/openfoam6/etc/bashrc &&
+            source /root/CFDEM/CFDEMcoupling/etc/bashrc &&
+            bash /root/CFDEM/CFDEMcoupling/etc/compileCFDEMcoupling_src.sh
+          
+      - run:
+          name: Build CFDEMcoupling solvers
+          command: >
+            shopt -s expand_aliases &&
+            source /opt/openfoam6/etc/bashrc &&
+            source /root/CFDEM/CFDEMcoupling/etc/bashrc &&
+            bash /root/CFDEM/CFDEMcoupling/etc/compileCFDEMcoupling_sol.sh
+
+      - run:
+          name: Build CFDEMcoupling utilities
+          command: >
+            shopt -s expand_aliases &&
+            source /opt/openfoam6/etc/bashrc &&
+            source /root/CFDEM/CFDEMcoupling/etc/bashrc &&
+            bash /root/CFDEM/CFDEMcoupling/etc/compileCFDEMcoupling_uti.sh

.gitignore

@@ -5,7 +5,10 @@
 log_*
 log.*
 *~
+*.swp
+*.swo
 
 **/linux*Gcc*/
+**/.vscode
 
 lnInclude

LICENSE

@@ -0,0 +1,674 @@
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+
+                     END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
+
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+
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+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU General Public License for more details.
+
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+    along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
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+
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+
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+
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+if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary.
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+<https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
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+into proprietary programs.  If your program is a subroutine library, you
+may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with
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+Public License instead of this License.  But first, please read
+<https://www.gnu.org/licenses/why-not-lgpl.html>.

README

@@ -1,80 +0,0 @@
-/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
-    CFDEMcoupling - Open Source CFD-DEM coupling
-
-    CFDEMcoupling is part of the CFDEMproject
-    www.cfdem.com
-                                Christoph Goniva, christoph.goniva@cfdem.com
-                                Copyright 2009-2012 JKU Linz
-                                Copyright 2012-2015 DCS Computing GmbH, Linz
-                                Copyright 2015-     JKU Linz
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-License
-    This file is part of CFDEMcoupling.
-
-    CFDEMcoupling is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
-    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
-    Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or (at your
-    option) any later version.
-
-    CFDEMcoupling is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
-    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
-    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
-    for more details.
-
-    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
-    along with CFDEMcoupling; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
-    Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
-
-Description
-    This code provides models and solvers to realize coupled CFD-DEM simulations
-    using LIGGGHTS and OpenFOAM.
-    Note: this code is not part of OpenFOAM (see DISCLAIMER).
-\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-
-
-CFDEM(R) coupling provides an open source parallel coupled CFD-DEM framework 
-combining the strengths of the LIGGGHTS(R) DEM code and the Open Source 
-CFD package OpenFOAM(R)(*). The CFDEM(R)coupling toolbox allows to expand 
-standard CFD solvers of OpenFOAM(R)(*) to include a coupling to the DEM 
-code LIGGGHTS(R). In this toolbox the particle representation within the 
-CFD solver is organized by "cloud" classes. Key functionalities are organised 
-in sub-models (e.g. force models, data exchange models, etc.) which can easily 
-be selected and combined by dictionary settings.
-
-The coupled solvers run fully parallel on distributed-memory clusters. 
-
-Features are:
-
-- its modular approach allows users to easily implement new models
-- its MPI parallelization enables to use it for large scale problems
-- the use of GIT allows to easily update to the latest version
-- basic documentation is provided
-
-The file structure:
-
-- "src" directory including the source files of the coupling toolbox and models
-- "applications" directory including the solver files for coupled CFD-DEM simulations
-- "doc" directory including the documentation of CFDEM(R)coupling
-- "tutorials" directory including basic tutorial cases showing the functionality
-
-
-
-Details on installation are given on the "www.cfdem.com"
-
-The functionality of this CFD-DEM framwork is described via "tutorial cases" showing 
-how to use different solvers and models.
-
-CFDEM(R)coupling stands for Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) -
-Discrete Element Method (DEM) coupling.
-
-CFDEM(R)coupling is an open-source code, distributed freely under the terms of the 
-GNU Public License (GPL).
-
-Core development of CFDEM(R)coupling is done by 
-Christoph Goniva and Christoph Kloss, both at DCS Computing GmbH, 2012
-
-
-/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
-(*) "OpenFOAM(R)" is a registered trade mark of OpenCFD Limited, a wholly owned subsidiary of the ESI Group.
-This offering is not approved or endorsed by OpenCFD Limited, the producer of the OpenFOAM software and owner of the OPENFOAM® and OpenCFD® trade marks.
-\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+# CFDEMcoupling
+
+CFDEM®coupling stands for Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) - Discrete Element Method (DEM) coupling. It combines the open source packages OpenFOAM® (CFD) and LIGGGHTS® (DEM) to simulate particle-laden flows. CFDEM®coupling is part of the [CFDEM®project](https://www.cfdem.com).
+
+[![CircleCI](https://circleci.com/gh/ParticulateFlow/CFDEMcoupling.svg?style=shield&circle-token=e4b6af30d3aa7aee109d206116f01600bf9ee9c6)](https://circleci.com/gh/ParticulateFlow/CFDEMcoupling)
+[![License: GPL v3](https://img.shields.io/badge/License-GPL%20v3-blue.svg)](https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.html)
+
+## Disclaimer
+
+> This is an academic adaptation of the CFDEM®coupling software package, released by the
+[Department of Particulate Flow Modelling at Johannes Kepler University in Linz, Austria.](https://www.jku.at/pfm)
+> LIGGGHTS® and CFDEM® are registered trademarks, and this offering is not approved or
+endorsed by DCS Computing GmbH, the official producer of the LIGGGHTS® and CFDEM®coupling software.
+> This offering is not approved or endorsed by OpenCFD Limited, producer and distributor of the OpenFOAM software via www.openfoam.com, and owner of the OPENFOAM®  and OpenCFD®  trade marks.
+
+## Features
+
+- Documentation and tutorials to get started
+- A modular approach that allows for easy implementation of new models
+- MPI parallelization for large scale problems
+
+## License
+
+[![License: GPL v3](https://img.shields.io/badge/License-GPL%20v3-blue.svg)](https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.html)
+
+- This software is distributed under the [GNU General Public License](https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0).
+- Copyright © 2009-     JKU Linz
+- Copyright © 2012-2015 DCS Computing GmbH, Linz
+- Some parts of CFDEM®coupling are based on OpenFOAM® and Copyright on these
+  parts is held by the OpenFOAM® Foundation (www.openfoam.org)
+  and potentially other parties.
+- Some parts of CFDEM®coupling are contributed by other parties, which are
+  holding the Copyright. This is listed in each file of the distribution.

applications/solvers/cfdemSolverMultiphase/Allwclean

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+cd ${0%/*} || exit 1    # Run from this directory
+set -x
+
+wclean libso multiphaseMixture
+wclean
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

applications/solvers/cfdemSolverMultiphase/Allwmake

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+cd ${0%/*} || exit 1    # Run from this directory
+
+# Parse arguments for library compilation
+targetType=libso
+. $WM_PROJECT_DIR/wmake/scripts/AllwmakeParseArguments
+set -x
+
+wmake $targetType multiphaseMixture
+wmake
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

applications/solvers/cfdemSolverMultiphase/Make/files

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+cfdemSolverMultiphase.C
+
+EXE = $(CFDEM_APP_DIR)/cfdemSolverMultiphase

applications/solvers/cfdemSolverMultiphase/Make/options

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+FOAM_VERSION_MAJOR := $(word 1,$(subst ., ,$(WM_PROJECT_VERSION)))
+PFLAGS+= -DOPENFOAM_VERSION_MAJOR=$(FOAM_VERSION_MAJOR)
+
+include $(CFDEM_ADD_LIBS_DIR)/additionalLibs
+
+EXE_INC = \
+     $(PFLAGS) \
+    -I$(CFDEM_OFVERSION_DIR) \
+    -ImultiphaseMixture/lnInclude \
+    -I$(LIB_SRC)/transportModels \
+    -I$(LIB_SRC)/transportModels/incompressible/lnInclude \
+    -I$(LIB_SRC)/transportModels/interfaceProperties/lnInclude \
+    -I$(LIB_SRC)/TurbulenceModels/turbulenceModels/lnInclude \
+    -I$(LIB_SRC)/TurbulenceModels/incompressible/lnInclude \
+    -I$(LIB_SRC)/finiteVolume/lnInclude \
+    -I$(LIB_SRC)/meshTools/lnInclude \
+    -I$(LIB_SRC)/sampling/lnInclude \
+    -I$(CFDEM_SRC_DIR)/lagrangian/cfdemParticle/lnInclude \
+    -I$(CFDEM_SRC_DIR)/lagrangian/cfdemParticle/cfdTools \
+
+EXE_LIBS = \
+    -L$(CFDEM_LIB_DIR)\
+    -lcfdemMultiphaseInterFoam \
+    -linterfaceProperties \
+    -lincompressibleTransportModels \
+    -lturbulenceModels \
+    -lincompressibleTurbulenceModels \
+    -lfiniteVolume \
+    -lfvOptions \
+    -lmeshTools \
+    -lsampling \
+    -l$(CFDEM_LIB_NAME) \
+     $(CFDEM_ADD_LIB_PATHS) \
+     $(CFDEM_ADD_LIBS)

applications/solvers/cfdemSolverMultiphase/UEqn.H

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+const surfaceScalarField& rhoPhi(mixture.rhoPhi());
+
+volScalarField muEff = rho*(turbulence->nu() + turbulence->nut());
+
+if (modelType == "A")
+    muEff *= voidfraction;
+
+fvVectorMatrix UEqn
+(
+    fvm::ddt(rhoEps, U) - fvm::Sp(fvc::ddt(rhoEps),U)
+  + fvm::div(rhoPhi, U) - fvm::Sp(fvc::div(rhoPhi),U)
+  //+ particleCloud.divVoidfractionTau(U, voidfraction)
+  - fvm::laplacian(muEff, U) - fvc::div(muEff*dev2(fvc::grad(U)().T()))
+  ==
+    fvOptions(rho, U)
+  - fvm::Sp(Ksl,U)
+);
+
+UEqn.relax();
+
+fvOptions.constrain(UEqn);
+
+if (pimple.momentumPredictor() && (modelType=="B" || modelType=="Bfull"))
+{
+    solve
+    (
+        UEqn
+     ==
+        fvc::reconstruct
+        (
+            (- ghf*fvc::snGrad(rho) - fvc::snGrad(p_rgh)) * mesh.magSf()
+        )
+     +
+        fvc::reconstruct
+        (
+            mixture.surfaceTensionForce() * mesh.magSf()
+        ) * voidfraction
+     + Ksl*Us
+    );
+
+    fvOptions.correct(U);
+}
+else if (pimple.momentumPredictor())
+{
+    solve
+    (
+        UEqn
+     ==
+        fvc::reconstruct
+        (
+            (
+                mixture.surfaceTensionForce()
+              - ghf*fvc::snGrad(rho)
+              - fvc::snGrad(p_rgh)
+            ) * mesh.magSf()
+        ) * voidfraction
+     + Ksl*Us
+    );
+
+    fvOptions.correct(U);
+}

applications/solvers/cfdemSolverMultiphase/additionalChecks.H

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+// Additional solver-specific checks
+
+// Useful if one wants to e.g. initialize floating particles using the Archimedes model
+if (particleCloud.couplingProperties().found("unrestrictedForceModelSelection"))
+{
+    Warning << "Using unrestrictedForceModelSelection, results may be incorrect!" << endl;
+} else
+{
+    #include "checkModelType.H"
+}
+
+word modelType = particleCloud.modelType();
+
+if(!particleCloud.couplingProperties().found("useDDTvoidfraction"))
+{
+    Warning << "Suppressing ddt(voidfraction) is not recommended with this solver as it may generate incorrect results!" << endl;
+}

applications/solvers/cfdemSolverMultiphase/alphaCourantNo.H

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+scalar alphaCoNum = 0.0;
+scalar meanAlphaCoNum = 0.0;
+
+if (mesh.nInternalFaces())
+{
+    scalarField sumPhi
+    (
+        mixture.nearInterface()().primitiveField()
+       *fvc::surfaceSum(mag(phi))().primitiveField()
+    );
+
+    alphaCoNum = 0.5*gMax(sumPhi/mesh.V().field())*runTime.deltaTValue();
+
+    meanAlphaCoNum =
+        0.5*(gSum(sumPhi)/gSum(mesh.V().field()))*runTime.deltaTValue();
+}
+
+Info<< "Interface Courant Number mean: " << meanAlphaCoNum
+    << " max: " << alphaCoNum << endl;
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

applications/solvers/cfdemSolverMultiphase/cfdemSolverMultiphase.C

@@ -14,72 +14,74 @@ License
     You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
     along with this code.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
-    Copyright (C) 2015- Thomas Lichtenegger, JKU Linz, Austria
+    Copyright (C) 2018- Mathias Vångö, JKU Linz, Austria
 
 Application
-    cfdemSolverRhoPimple
+    cfdemSolverMultiphase
 
 Description
-    Transient solver for compressible flow using the flexible PIMPLE (PISO-SIMPLE)
-    algorithm.
+    CFD-DEM solver for n incompressible fluids which captures the interfaces and
+    includes surface-tension and contact-angle effects for each phase. It is based
+    on the OpenFOAM(R)-4.x solver multiphaseInterFoam but extended to incorporate
+    DEM functionalities from the open-source DEM code LIGGGHTS.
+
     Turbulence modelling is generic, i.e. laminar, RAS or LES may be selected.
-    The code is an evolution of the solver rhoPimpleFoam in OpenFOAM(R) 4.x,
-    where additional functionality for CFD-DEM coupling is added.
+
 \*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
 #include "fvCFD.H"
-#include "psiThermo.H"
-#include "turbulentFluidThermoModel.H"
-#include "bound.H"
-#include "simpleControl.H"
+#include "multiphaseMixture.H"
+#include "turbulentTransportModel.H"
+#include "pimpleControl.H"
 #include "fvOptions.H"
-#include "localEulerDdtScheme.H"
-#include "fvcSmooth.H"
+#include "CorrectPhi.H"
 
-#include "cfdemCloudEnergy.H"
+#include "cfdemCloud.H"
 #include "implicitCouple.H"
 #include "clockModel.H"
 #include "smoothingModel.H"
 #include "forceModel.H"
-#include "thermCondModel.H"
-#include "energyModel.H"
-
 
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
 int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 {
-    #include "postProcess.H"
 
+#if OPENFOAM_VERSION_MAJOR >= 6
+    FatalError << "cfdemSolverMultiphase requires OpenFOAM 4.x or 5.x to work properly" << exit(FatalError);
+#endif
+
+    #include "postProcess.H"
     #include "setRootCase.H"
     #include "createTime.H"
     #include "createMesh.H"
     #include "createControl.H"
-    #include "createTimeControls.H"
-    #include "createRDeltaT.H"
     #include "initContinuityErrs.H"
     #include "createFields.H"
-    #include "createFieldRefs.H"
     #include "createFvOptions.H"
-
-    // create cfdemCloud
-    #include "readGravitationalAcceleration.H"
-    cfdemCloudEnergy particleCloud(mesh);
-    #include "checkModelType.H"
+    #include "correctPhi.H"
+    #include "CourantNo.H"
 
     turbulence->validate();
 
+    // create cfdemCloud
+    cfdemCloud particleCloud(mesh);
+
+    #include "additionalChecks.H"
+
     // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
     Info<< "\nStarting time loop\n" << endl;
 
-    while (simple.loop())
+    while (runTime.loop())
     {
+        #include "CourantNo.H"
+        #include "alphaCourantNo.H"
+
         particleCloud.clockM().start(1,"Global");
 
         Info<< "Time = " << runTime.timeName() << nl << endl;
 
-        // do particle stuff
         particleCloud.clockM().start(2,"Coupling");
         bool hasEvolved = particleCloud.evolve(voidfraction,Us,U);
 
@@ -94,7 +96,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 
         //Force Checks
         vector fTotal(0,0,0);
-        vector fImpTotal = sum(mesh.V()*Ksl.primitiveFieldRef()*(Us.primitiveFieldRef()-U.primitiveFieldRef()));
+        vector fImpTotal = sum(mesh.V()*Ksl.internalField()*(Us.internalField()-U.internalField())).value();
         reduce(fImpTotal, sumOp<vector>());
         Info << "TotalForceExp: " << fTotal << endl;
         Info << "TotalForceImp: " << fImpTotal << endl;
@@ -104,27 +106,36 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 
         particleCloud.clockM().start(26,"Flow");
 
-        volScalarField rhoeps("rhoeps",rho*voidfraction);
-        // Pressure-velocity SIMPLE corrector
+        if(particleCloud.solveFlow())
+        {
+            mixture.solve();
+            rho = mixture.rho();
+            rhoEps = rho * voidfraction;
 
-        #include "UEqn.H"
+             // --- Pressure-velocity PIMPLE corrector loop
+            while (pimple.loop())
+            {
+                #include "UEqn.H"
 
+                // --- Pressure corrector loop
+                while (pimple.correct())
+                {
+                    #include "pEqn.H"
+                }
 
-        // besides this pEqn, OF offers a "simple consistent"-option
-        #include "pEqn.H"
-        rhoeps=rho*voidfraction;
-
-        #include "EEqn.H"
-
-        turbulence->correct();
-
-        particleCloud.clockM().start(32,"postFlow");
-        if(hasEvolved) particleCloud.postFlow();
-        particleCloud.clockM().stop("postFlow");
+                if (pimple.turbCorr())
+                {
+                    turbulence->correct();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            Info << "skipping flow solution." << endl;
+        }
 
         runTime.write();
 
-
         Info<< "ExecutionTime = " << runTime.elapsedCpuTime() << " s"
             << "  ClockTime = " << runTime.elapsedClockTime() << " s"
             << nl << endl;

applications/solvers/cfdemSolverMultiphase/correctPhi.H

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+CorrectPhi
+(
+    U,
+    phi,
+    p_rgh,
+    dimensionedScalar("rAUf", dimTime/rho.dimensions(), 1),
+    geometricZeroField(),
+    pimple
+);
+
+#include "continuityErrs.H"

applications/solvers/cfdemSolverMultiphase/createFields.H

@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+//===============================
+// particle interaction modelling
+//===============================
+
+Info<< "\nReading momentum exchange field Ksl\n" << endl;
+volScalarField Ksl
+(
+    IOobject
+    (
+        "Ksl",
+        runTime.timeName(),
+        mesh,
+        IOobject::MUST_READ,
+        IOobject::AUTO_WRITE
+        ),
+    mesh
+    //dimensionedScalar("0", dimensionSet(1, -3, -1, 0, 0), 1.0)
+);
+
+Info<< "\nReading voidfraction field voidfraction = (Vgas/Vparticle)\n" << endl;
+volScalarField voidfraction
+(
+    IOobject
+    (
+        "voidfraction",
+        runTime.timeName(),
+        mesh,
+        IOobject::MUST_READ,
+        IOobject::AUTO_WRITE
+        ),
+    mesh
+);
+voidfraction.oldTime();
+
+Info<< "Reading particle velocity field Us\n" << endl;
+volVectorField Us
+(
+    IOobject
+    (
+        "Us",
+        runTime.timeName(),
+        mesh,
+        IOobject::MUST_READ,
+        IOobject::AUTO_WRITE
+        ),
+    mesh
+);
+
+Info<< "Reading field p_rgh\n" << endl;
+volScalarField p_rgh
+(
+    IOobject
+    (
+        "p_rgh",
+        runTime.timeName(),
+        mesh,
+        IOobject::MUST_READ,
+        IOobject::AUTO_WRITE
+    ),
+    mesh
+);
+
+Info<< "Reading field U\n" << endl;
+volVectorField U
+(
+    IOobject
+    (
+        "U",
+        runTime.timeName(),
+        mesh,
+        IOobject::MUST_READ,
+        IOobject::AUTO_WRITE
+    ),
+    mesh
+);
+
+Info<< "Reading/calculating face flux field phi\n" << endl;
+surfaceScalarField phi
+(
+    IOobject
+    (
+        "phi",
+        runTime.timeName(),
+         mesh,
+        IOobject::READ_IF_PRESENT,
+        IOobject::AUTO_WRITE
+    ),
+    linearInterpolate(U*voidfraction) & mesh.Sf()
+);
+
+multiphaseMixture mixture(U, phi, voidfraction);
+
+// Need to store rho for ddt(rho, U)
+volScalarField rho
+(
+    IOobject
+    (
+        "rho",
+        runTime.timeName(),
+        mesh,
+        IOobject::READ_IF_PRESENT,
+        IOobject::AUTO_WRITE
+    ),
+    mixture.rho()
+);
+rho.oldTime();
+
+volScalarField rhoEps ("rhoEps", rho * voidfraction);
+
+// Construct incompressible turbulence model
+autoPtr<incompressible::turbulenceModel> turbulence
+(
+    incompressible::turbulenceModel::New(U, phi, mixture)
+);
+
+
+#include "readGravitationalAcceleration.H"
+#include "readhRef.H"
+#include "gh.H"
+
+
+volScalarField p
+(
+    IOobject
+    (
+        "p",
+        runTime.timeName(),
+        mesh,
+        IOobject::NO_READ,
+        IOobject::AUTO_WRITE
+    ),
+    p_rgh + rho*gh
+);
+
+label pRefCell = 0;
+scalar pRefValue = 0.0;
+setRefCell
+(
+    p,
+    p_rgh,
+    pimple.dict(),
+    pRefCell,
+    pRefValue
+);
+
+if (p_rgh.needReference())
+{
+    p += dimensionedScalar
+    (
+        "p",
+        p.dimensions(),
+        pRefValue - getRefCellValue(p, pRefCell)
+    );
+}
+
+mesh.setFluxRequired(p_rgh.name());

applications/solvers/cfdemSolverMultiphase/multiphaseMixture/Make/files

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+phase/phase.C
+alphaContactAngle/alphaContactAngleFvPatchScalarField.C
+multiphaseMixture.C
+
+LIB = $(CFDEM_LIB_DIR)/libcfdemMultiphaseInterFoam

applications/solvers/cfdemSolverMultiphase/multiphaseMixture/Make/options

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+FOAM_VERSION_MAJOR := $(word 1,$(subst ., ,$(WM_PROJECT_VERSION)))
+PFLAGS+= -DOPENFOAM_VERSION_MAJOR=$(FOAM_VERSION_MAJOR)
+
+EXE_INC = \
+     $(PFLAGS) \
+    -IalphaContactAngle \
+    -I$(LIB_SRC)/transportModels \
+    -I$(LIB_SRC)/transportModels/incompressible/lnInclude \
+    -I$(LIB_SRC)/transportModels/interfaceProperties/lnInclude \
+    -I$(LIB_SRC)/finiteVolume/lnInclude \
+    -I$(LIB_SRC)/meshTools/lnInclude
+
+LIB_LIBS = \
+    -linterfaceProperties \
+    -lincompressibleTransportModels \
+    -lfiniteVolume \
+    -lmeshTools

applications/solvers/cfdemSolverMultiphase/multiphaseMixture/alphaContactAngle/alphaContactAngleFvPatchScalarField.C

@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     |
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011 OpenFOAM Foundation
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "alphaContactAngleFvPatchScalarField.H"
+#include "addToRunTimeSelectionTable.H"
+#include "fvPatchFieldMapper.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+
+alphaContactAngleFvPatchScalarField::interfaceThetaProps::interfaceThetaProps
+(
+    Istream& is
+)
+:
+    theta0_(readScalar(is)),
+    uTheta_(readScalar(is)),
+    thetaA_(readScalar(is)),
+    thetaR_(readScalar(is))
+{}
+
+
+Istream& operator>>
+(
+    Istream& is,
+    alphaContactAngleFvPatchScalarField::interfaceThetaProps& tp
+)
+{
+    is >> tp.theta0_ >> tp.uTheta_ >> tp.thetaA_ >> tp.thetaR_;
+    return is;
+}
+
+
+Ostream& operator<<
+(
+    Ostream& os,
+    const alphaContactAngleFvPatchScalarField::interfaceThetaProps& tp
+)
+{
+    os  << tp.theta0_ << token::SPACE
+        << tp.uTheta_ << token::SPACE
+        << tp.thetaA_ << token::SPACE
+        << tp.thetaR_;
+
+    return os;
+}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Constructors  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+alphaContactAngleFvPatchScalarField::alphaContactAngleFvPatchScalarField
+(
+    const fvPatch& p,
+    const DimensionedField<scalar, volMesh>& iF
+)
+:
+    zeroGradientFvPatchScalarField(p, iF)
+{}
+
+
+alphaContactAngleFvPatchScalarField::alphaContactAngleFvPatchScalarField
+(
+    const alphaContactAngleFvPatchScalarField& gcpsf,
+    const fvPatch& p,
+    const DimensionedField<scalar, volMesh>& iF,
+    const fvPatchFieldMapper& mapper
+)
+:
+    zeroGradientFvPatchScalarField(gcpsf, p, iF, mapper),
+    thetaProps_(gcpsf.thetaProps_)
+{}
+
+
+alphaContactAngleFvPatchScalarField::alphaContactAngleFvPatchScalarField
+(
+    const fvPatch& p,
+    const DimensionedField<scalar, volMesh>& iF,
+    const dictionary& dict
+)
+:
+    zeroGradientFvPatchScalarField(p, iF),
+    thetaProps_(dict.lookup("thetaProperties"))
+{
+    evaluate();
+}
+
+
+alphaContactAngleFvPatchScalarField::alphaContactAngleFvPatchScalarField
+(
+    const alphaContactAngleFvPatchScalarField& gcpsf,
+    const DimensionedField<scalar, volMesh>& iF
+)
+:
+    zeroGradientFvPatchScalarField(gcpsf, iF),
+    thetaProps_(gcpsf.thetaProps_)
+{}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Member Functions  * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+void alphaContactAngleFvPatchScalarField::write(Ostream& os) const
+{
+    fvPatchScalarField::write(os);
+    os.writeKeyword("thetaProperties")
+        << thetaProps_ << token::END_STATEMENT << nl;
+    writeEntry("value", os);
+}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+makePatchTypeField
+(
+    fvPatchScalarField,
+    alphaContactAngleFvPatchScalarField
+);
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+} // End namespace Foam
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

applications/solvers/cfdemSolverMultiphase/multiphaseMixture/alphaContactAngle/alphaContactAngleFvPatchScalarField.H

@@ -0,0 +1,215 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     |
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011 OpenFOAM Foundation
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+Class
+    Foam::alphaContactAngleFvPatchScalarField
+
+Description
+    Contact-angle boundary condition for multi-phase interface-capturing
+    simulations.  Used in conjuction with multiphaseMixture.
+
+SourceFiles
+    alphaContactAngleFvPatchScalarField.C
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef alphaContactAngleFvPatchScalarField_H
+#define alphaContactAngleFvPatchScalarField_H
+
+#include "zeroGradientFvPatchFields.H"
+#include "multiphaseMixture.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+                           Class alphaContactAngleFvPatch Declaration
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+class alphaContactAngleFvPatchScalarField
+:
+    public zeroGradientFvPatchScalarField
+{
+public:
+
+    class interfaceThetaProps
+    {
+        //- Equilibrium contact angle
+        scalar theta0_;
+
+        //- Dynamic contact angle velocity scale
+        scalar uTheta_;
+
+        //- Limiting advancing contact angle
+        scalar thetaA_;
+
+        //- Limiting receeding contact angle
+        scalar thetaR_;
+
+
+    public:
+
+        // Constructors
+            interfaceThetaProps()
+            {}
+
+            interfaceThetaProps(Istream&);
+
+
+        // Member functions
+
+            //- Return the equilibrium contact angle theta0
+            scalar theta0(bool matched=true) const
+            {
+                if (matched) return theta0_;
+                else return 180.0 - theta0_;
+            }
+
+            //- Return the dynamic contact angle velocity scale
+            scalar uTheta() const
+            {
+                return uTheta_;
+            }
+
+            //- Return the limiting advancing contact angle
+            scalar thetaA(bool matched=true) const
+            {
+                if (matched) return thetaA_;
+                else return 180.0 - thetaA_;
+            }
+
+            //- Return the limiting receeding contact angle
+            scalar thetaR(bool matched=true) const
+            {
+                if (matched) return thetaR_;
+                else return 180.0 - thetaR_;
+            }
+
+
+        // IO functions
+
+            friend Istream& operator>>(Istream&, interfaceThetaProps&);
+            friend Ostream& operator<<(Ostream&, const interfaceThetaProps&);
+    };
+
+    typedef HashTable
+    <
+        interfaceThetaProps,
+        multiphaseMixture::interfacePair,
+        multiphaseMixture::interfacePair::hash
+    > thetaPropsTable;
+
+
+private:
+
+    // Private data
+
+        thetaPropsTable thetaProps_;
+
+
+public:
+
+    //- Runtime type information
+    TypeName("alphaContactAngle");
+
+
+    // Constructors
+
+        //- Construct from patch and internal field
+        alphaContactAngleFvPatchScalarField
+        (
+            const fvPatch&,
+            const DimensionedField<scalar, volMesh>&
+        );
+
+        //- Construct from patch, internal field and dictionary
+        alphaContactAngleFvPatchScalarField
+        (
+            const fvPatch&,
+            const DimensionedField<scalar, volMesh>&,
+            const dictionary&
+        );
+
+        //- Construct by mapping given alphaContactAngleFvPatchScalarField
+        //  onto a new patch
+        alphaContactAngleFvPatchScalarField
+        (
+            const alphaContactAngleFvPatchScalarField&,
+            const fvPatch&,
+            const DimensionedField<scalar, volMesh>&,
+            const fvPatchFieldMapper&
+        );
+
+        //- Construct and return a clone
+        virtual tmp<fvPatchScalarField> clone() const
+        {
+            return tmp<fvPatchScalarField>
+            (
+                new alphaContactAngleFvPatchScalarField(*this)
+            );
+        }
+
+        //- Construct as copy setting internal field reference
+        alphaContactAngleFvPatchScalarField
+        (
+            const alphaContactAngleFvPatchScalarField&,
+            const DimensionedField<scalar, volMesh>&
+        );
+
+        //- Construct and return a clone setting internal field reference
+        virtual tmp<fvPatchScalarField> clone
+        (
+            const DimensionedField<scalar, volMesh>& iF
+        ) const
+        {
+            return tmp<fvPatchScalarField>
+            (
+                new alphaContactAngleFvPatchScalarField(*this, iF)
+            );
+        }
+
+
+    // Member functions
+
+        //- Return the contact angle properties
+        const thetaPropsTable& thetaProps() const
+        {
+            return thetaProps_;
+        }
+
+        //- Write
+        virtual void write(Ostream&) const;
+};
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+} // End namespace Foam
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+#endif
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

applications/solvers/cfdemSolverMultiphase/multiphaseMixture/multiphaseMixture.C

@@ -0,0 +1,777 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+License
+
+    This is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with this code.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+    Copyright (C) 2018- Mathias Vångö, JKU Linz, Austria
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "multiphaseMixture.H"
+#include "alphaContactAngleFvPatchScalarField.H"
+#include "Time.H"
+#include "subCycle.H"
+#include "MULES.H"
+#include "surfaceInterpolate.H"
+#include "fvcGrad.H"
+#include "fvcSnGrad.H"
+#include "fvcDiv.H"
+#include "fvcFlux.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Static Member Data  * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+const Foam::scalar Foam::multiphaseMixture::convertToRad =
+    Foam::constant::mathematical::pi/180.0;
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * Private Member Functions  * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+void Foam::multiphaseMixture::calcAlphas()
+{
+    scalar level = 0.0;
+    alphas_ == 0.0;
+
+    forAllIter(PtrDictionary<phase>, phases_, iter)
+    {
+        alphas_ += level*iter();
+        level += 1.0;
+    }
+}
+
+
+Foam::tmp<Foam::volScalarField>
+Foam::multiphaseMixture::calcNu() const
+{
+    PtrDictionary<phase>::const_iterator iter = phases_.begin();
+
+    tmp<volScalarField> tnu = iter()*iter().nu();
+    volScalarField& nu = tnu.ref();
+
+    for (++iter; iter != phases_.end(); ++iter)
+    {
+        nu += iter()*iter().nu();
+    }
+
+    return tnu;
+}
+
+Foam::tmp<Foam::surfaceScalarField>
+Foam::multiphaseMixture::calcStf() const
+{
+    tmp<surfaceScalarField> tstf
+    (
+        new surfaceScalarField
+        (
+            IOobject
+            (
+                "stf",
+                mesh_.time().timeName(),
+                mesh_
+            ),
+            mesh_,
+            dimensionedScalar
+            (
+                "stf",
+                dimensionSet(1, -2, -2, 0, 0),
+                0.0
+            )
+        )
+    );
+
+    surfaceScalarField& stf = tstf.ref();
+
+    forAllConstIter(PtrDictionary<phase>, phases_, iter1)
+    {
+        const phase& alpha1 = iter1();
+
+        PtrDictionary<phase>::const_iterator iter2 = iter1;
+        ++iter2;
+
+        for (; iter2 != phases_.end(); ++iter2)
+        {
+            const phase& alpha2 = iter2();
+
+            sigmaTable::const_iterator sigma =
+                sigmas_.find(interfacePair(alpha1, alpha2));
+
+            if (sigma == sigmas_.end())
+            {
+                FatalErrorInFunction
+                    << "Cannot find interface " << interfacePair(alpha1, alpha2)
+                    << " in list of sigma values"
+                    << exit(FatalError);
+            }
+
+            stf += dimensionedScalar("sigma", dimSigma_, sigma())
+               *fvc::interpolate(K(alpha1, alpha2))*
+                (
+                    fvc::interpolate(alpha2)*fvc::snGrad(alpha1)
+                  - fvc::interpolate(alpha1)*fvc::snGrad(alpha2)
+                );
+        }
+    }
+
+    return tstf;
+}
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Constructors  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+Foam::multiphaseMixture::multiphaseMixture
+(
+    const volVectorField& U,
+    const surfaceScalarField& phi,
+    const volScalarField& voidfraction
+)
+:
+    IOdictionary
+    (
+        IOobject
+        (
+            "transportProperties",
+            U.time().constant(),
+            U.db(),
+            IOobject::MUST_READ_IF_MODIFIED,
+            IOobject::NO_WRITE
+        )
+    ),
+
+    phases_(lookup("phases"), phase::iNew(U, phi)),
+
+    mesh_(U.mesh()),
+    U_(U),
+    phi_(phi),
+    voidfraction_(voidfraction),
+    rhoPhi_
+    (
+        IOobject
+        (
+            "rhoPhi",
+            mesh_.time().timeName(),
+            mesh_,
+            IOobject::NO_READ,
+            IOobject::NO_WRITE
+        ),
+        mesh_,
+        dimensionedScalar("rhoPhi", dimMass/dimTime, 0.0)
+    ),
+    surfaceTensionForce_
+    (
+        IOobject
+        (
+            "surfaceTensionForce",
+            mesh_.time().timeName(),
+            mesh_,
+            IOobject::NO_READ,
+            IOobject::AUTO_WRITE
+        ),
+        mesh_,
+        dimensionedScalar("surfaceTensionForce", dimensionSet(1, -2, -2, 0, 0), 0.0)
+    ),
+    alphas_
+    (
+        IOobject
+        (
+            "alphas",
+            mesh_.time().timeName(),
+            mesh_,
+            IOobject::NO_READ,
+            IOobject::AUTO_WRITE
+        ),
+        mesh_,
+        dimensionedScalar("alphas", dimless, 0.0)
+    ),
+
+    nu_
+    (
+        IOobject
+        (
+            "nu",
+            mesh_.time().timeName(),
+            mesh_,
+            IOobject::NO_READ,
+            IOobject::AUTO_WRITE
+        ),
+        calcNu()
+    ),
+
+    sigmas_(lookup("sigmas")),
+    dimSigma_(1, 0, -2, 0, 0),
+    deltaN_
+    (
+        "deltaN",
+        1e-8/pow(average(mesh_.V()), 1.0/3.0)
+    )
+{
+    calcAlphas();
+    alphas_.write();
+    surfaceTensionForce_ = calcStf();
+
+}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Member Functions  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+Foam::tmp<Foam::volScalarField>
+Foam::multiphaseMixture::rho() const
+{
+    PtrDictionary<phase>::const_iterator iter = phases_.begin();
+
+    tmp<volScalarField> trho = iter()*iter().rho();
+    volScalarField& rho = trho.ref();
+
+    for (++iter; iter != phases_.end(); ++iter)
+    {
+        rho += iter()*iter().rho();
+    }
+
+    return trho;
+}
+
+
+Foam::tmp<Foam::scalarField>
+Foam::multiphaseMixture::rho(const label patchi) const
+{
+    PtrDictionary<phase>::const_iterator iter = phases_.begin();
+
+    tmp<scalarField> trho = iter().boundaryField()[patchi]*iter().rho().value();
+    scalarField& rho = trho.ref();
+
+    for (++iter; iter != phases_.end(); ++iter)
+    {
+        rho += iter().boundaryField()[patchi]*iter().rho().value();
+    }
+
+    return trho;
+}
+
+
+Foam::tmp<Foam::volScalarField>
+Foam::multiphaseMixture::mu() const
+{
+    return rho()*nu();
+//    PtrDictionary<phase>::const_iterator iter = phases_.begin();
+
+//    tmp<volScalarField> tmu = iter()*iter().rho()*iter().nu();
+//    volScalarField& mu = tmu.ref();
+
+//    for (++iter; iter != phases_.end(); ++iter)
+//    {
+//        mu += iter()*iter().rho()*iter().nu();
+//    }
+
+//    return tmu;
+}
+
+
+Foam::tmp<Foam::scalarField>
+Foam::multiphaseMixture::mu(const label patchi) const
+{
+    PtrDictionary<phase>::const_iterator iter = phases_.begin();
+
+    tmp<scalarField> tmu =
+        iter().boundaryField()[patchi]
+       *iter().rho().value()
+       *iter().nu(patchi);
+    scalarField& mu = tmu.ref();
+
+    for (++iter; iter != phases_.end(); ++iter)
+    {
+        mu +=
+            iter().boundaryField()[patchi]
+           *iter().rho().value()
+           *iter().nu(patchi);
+    }
+
+    return tmu;
+}
+
+
+Foam::tmp<Foam::surfaceScalarField>
+Foam::multiphaseMixture::muf() const
+{
+
+    return nuf()*fvc::interpolate(rho());
+//    PtrDictionary<phase>::const_iterator iter = phases_.begin();
+
+//    tmp<surfaceScalarField> tmuf =
+//            fvc::interpolate(iter())*iter().rho()*fvc::interpolate(iter().nu());
+//    surfaceScalarField& muf = tmuf.ref();
+
+//    for (++iter; iter != phases_.end(); ++iter)
+//    {
+//        muf +=
+//                fvc::interpolate(iter())*iter().rho()*fvc::interpolate(iter().nu());
+//    }
+
+//    return tmuf;
+}
+
+
+Foam::tmp<Foam::volScalarField>
+Foam::multiphaseMixture::nu() const
+{
+    return nu_;
+}
+
+
+Foam::tmp<Foam::scalarField>
+Foam::multiphaseMixture::nu(const label patchi) const
+{
+    //return nu_.boundaryField()[patchi];
+    PtrDictionary<phase>::const_iterator iter = phases_.begin();
+
+    tmp<scalarField> tnu =
+        iter().boundaryField()[patchi]
+       *iter().nu(patchi);
+    scalarField& nu = tnu.ref();
+
+    for (++iter; iter != phases_.end(); ++iter)
+    {
+        nu +=
+            iter().boundaryField()[patchi]
+           *iter().nu(patchi);
+    }
+
+    return tnu;
+}
+
+
+Foam::tmp<Foam::surfaceScalarField>
+Foam::multiphaseMixture::nuf() const
+{
+    //return muf()/fvc::interpolate(rho());
+    PtrDictionary<phase>::const_iterator iter = phases_.begin();
+
+    tmp<surfaceScalarField> tnuf =
+        fvc::interpolate(iter())*fvc::interpolate(iter().nu());
+    surfaceScalarField& nuf = tnuf.ref();
+
+    for (++iter; iter != phases_.end(); ++iter)
+    {
+        nuf +=
+            fvc::interpolate(iter())*fvc::interpolate(iter().nu());
+    }
+
+    return tnuf;
+}
+
+void Foam::multiphaseMixture::solve()
+{
+    correct();
+
+    const Time& runTime = mesh_.time();
+
+    volScalarField& alpha = phases_.first();
+
+    const dictionary& alphaControls = mesh_.solverDict("alpha");
+    label nAlphaSubCycles(readLabel(alphaControls.lookup("nAlphaSubCycles")));
+    scalar cAlpha(readScalar(alphaControls.lookup("cAlpha")));
+
+    if (nAlphaSubCycles > 1)
+    {
+        surfaceScalarField rhoPhiSum
+        (
+            IOobject
+            (
+                "rhoPhiSum",
+                runTime.timeName(),
+                mesh_
+            ),
+            mesh_,
+            dimensionedScalar("0", rhoPhi_.dimensions(), 0)
+        );
+
+        dimensionedScalar totalDeltaT = runTime.deltaT();
+
+        for
+        (
+            subCycle<volScalarField> alphaSubCycle(alpha, nAlphaSubCycles);
+            !(++alphaSubCycle).end();
+        )
+        {
+            FatalError << "Sub-cycling of the alpha equation not yet implemented!!" << abort(FatalError);
+            solveAlphas(cAlpha);
+            rhoPhiSum += (runTime.deltaT()/totalDeltaT)*rhoPhi_;
+        }
+
+        rhoPhi_ = rhoPhiSum;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        solveAlphas(cAlpha);
+    }
+
+    // Update the mixture kinematic viscosity
+    nu_ = calcNu();
+    surfaceTensionForce_ = calcStf();
+}
+
+
+void Foam::multiphaseMixture::correct()
+{
+    forAllIter(PtrDictionary<phase>, phases_, iter)
+    {
+        iter().correct();
+    }
+}
+
+
+Foam::tmp<Foam::surfaceVectorField> Foam::multiphaseMixture::nHatfv
+(
+    const volScalarField& alpha1,
+    const volScalarField& alpha2
+) const
+{
+    /*
+    // Cell gradient of alpha
+    volVectorField gradAlpha =
+        alpha2*fvc::grad(alpha1) - alpha1*fvc::grad(alpha2);
+
+    // Interpolated face-gradient of alpha
+    surfaceVectorField gradAlphaf = fvc::interpolate(gradAlpha);
+    */
+
+    surfaceVectorField gradAlphaf
+    (
+        fvc::interpolate(alpha2)*fvc::interpolate(fvc::grad(alpha1))
+      - fvc::interpolate(alpha1)*fvc::interpolate(fvc::grad(alpha2))
+    );
+
+    // Face unit interface normal
+    return gradAlphaf/(mag(gradAlphaf) + deltaN_);
+}
+
+
+Foam::tmp<Foam::surfaceScalarField> Foam::multiphaseMixture::nHatf
+(
+    const volScalarField& alpha1,
+    const volScalarField& alpha2
+) const
+{
+    // Face unit interface normal flux
+    return nHatfv(alpha1, alpha2) & mesh_.Sf();
+}
+
+
+// Correction for the boundary condition on the unit normal nHat on
+// walls to produce the correct contact angle.
+
+// The dynamic contact angle is calculated from the component of the
+// velocity on the direction of the interface, parallel to the wall.
+
+void Foam::multiphaseMixture::correctContactAngle
+(
+    const phase& alpha1,
+    const phase& alpha2,
+    surfaceVectorField::Boundary& nHatb
+) const
+{
+    const volScalarField::Boundary& gbf
+        = alpha1.boundaryField();
+
+    const fvBoundaryMesh& boundary = mesh_.boundary();
+
+    forAll(boundary, patchi)
+    {
+        if (isA<alphaContactAngleFvPatchScalarField>(gbf[patchi]))
+        {
+            const alphaContactAngleFvPatchScalarField& acap =
+                refCast<const alphaContactAngleFvPatchScalarField>(gbf[patchi]);
+
+            vectorField& nHatPatch = nHatb[patchi];
+
+            vectorField AfHatPatch
+            (
+                mesh_.Sf().boundaryField()[patchi]
+               /mesh_.magSf().boundaryField()[patchi]
+            );
+
+            alphaContactAngleFvPatchScalarField::thetaPropsTable::
+                const_iterator tp =
+                acap.thetaProps().find(interfacePair(alpha1, alpha2));
+
+            if (tp == acap.thetaProps().end())
+            {
+                FatalErrorInFunction
+                    << "Cannot find interface " << interfacePair(alpha1, alpha2)
+                    << "\n    in table of theta properties for patch "
+                    << acap.patch().name()
+                    << exit(FatalError);
+            }
+
+            bool matched = (tp.key().first() == alpha1.name());
+
+            scalar theta0 = convertToRad*tp().theta0(matched);
+            scalarField theta(boundary[patchi].size(), theta0);
+
+            scalar uTheta = tp().uTheta();
+
+            // Calculate the dynamic contact angle if required
+            if (uTheta > SMALL)
+            {
+                scalar thetaA = convertToRad*tp().thetaA(matched);
+                scalar thetaR = convertToRad*tp().thetaR(matched);
+
+                // Calculated the component of the velocity parallel to the wall
+                vectorField Uwall
+                (
+                    U_.boundaryField()[patchi].patchInternalField()
+                  - U_.boundaryField()[patchi]
+                );
+                Uwall -= (AfHatPatch & Uwall)*AfHatPatch;
+
+                // Find the direction of the interface parallel to the wall
+                vectorField nWall
+                (
+                    nHatPatch - (AfHatPatch & nHatPatch)*AfHatPatch
+                );
+
+                // Normalise nWall
+                nWall /= (mag(nWall) + SMALL);
+
+                // Calculate Uwall resolved normal to the interface parallel to
+                // the interface
+                scalarField uwall(nWall & Uwall);
+
+                theta += (thetaA - thetaR)*tanh(uwall/uTheta);
+            }
+
+
+            // Reset nHatPatch to correspond to the contact angle
+
+            scalarField a12(nHatPatch & AfHatPatch);
+
+            scalarField b1(cos(theta));
+
+            scalarField b2(nHatPatch.size());
+
+            forAll(b2, facei)
+            {
+                b2[facei] = cos(acos(a12[facei]) - theta[facei]);
+            }
+
+            scalarField det(1.0 - a12*a12);
+
+            scalarField a((b1 - a12*b2)/det);
+            scalarField b((b2 - a12*b1)/det);
+
+            nHatPatch = a*AfHatPatch + b*nHatPatch;
+
+            nHatPatch /= (mag(nHatPatch) + deltaN_.value());
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+
+Foam::tmp<Foam::volScalarField> Foam::multiphaseMixture::K
+(
+    const phase& alpha1,
+    const phase& alpha2
+) const
+{
+    tmp<surfaceVectorField> tnHatfv = nHatfv(alpha1, alpha2);
+
+    correctContactAngle(alpha1, alpha2, tnHatfv.ref().boundaryFieldRef());
+
+    // Simple expression for curvature
+    return -fvc::div(tnHatfv & mesh_.Sf());
+}
+
+
+Foam::tmp<Foam::volScalarField>
+Foam::multiphaseMixture::nearInterface() const
+{
+    tmp<volScalarField> tnearInt
+    (
+        new volScalarField
+        (
+            IOobject
+            (
+                "nearInterface",
+                mesh_.time().timeName(),
+                mesh_
+            ),
+            mesh_,
+            dimensionedScalar("nearInterface", dimless, 0.0)
+        )
+    );
+
+    forAllConstIter(PtrDictionary<phase>, phases_, iter)
+    {
+        tnearInt.ref() = max(tnearInt(), pos(iter() - 0.01)*pos(0.99 - iter()));
+    }
+
+    return tnearInt;
+}
+
+
+void Foam::multiphaseMixture::solveAlphas
+(
+    const scalar cAlpha
+)
+{
+    static label nSolves=-1;
+    nSolves++;
+
+    word alphaScheme("div(phi,alpha)");
+    word alpharScheme("div(phirb,alpha)");
+
+    surfaceScalarField phic(mag(phi_/mesh_.magSf()));
+    phic = min(cAlpha*phic, max(phic));
+
+    PtrList<surfaceScalarField> alphaPhiCorrs(phases_.size());
+    int phasei = 0;
+
+    forAllIter(PtrDictionary<phase>, phases_, iter)
+    {
+        phase& alpha = iter();
+
+        alphaPhiCorrs.set
+        (
+            phasei,
+            new surfaceScalarField
+            (
+                "phi" + alpha.name() + "Corr",
+                fvc::flux
+                (
+                    phi_,
+                    alpha,
+                    alphaScheme
+                )
+            )
+        );
+
+        surfaceScalarField& alphaPhiCorr = alphaPhiCorrs[phasei];
+
+        forAllIter(PtrDictionary<phase>, phases_, iter2)
+        {
+            phase& alpha2 = iter2();
+
+            if (&alpha2 == &alpha) continue;
+
+            surfaceScalarField phir(phic*nHatf(alpha, alpha2));
+
+            alphaPhiCorr += fvc::flux
+            (
+                -fvc::flux(-phir, alpha2, alpharScheme),
+                alpha,
+                alpharScheme
+            );
+        }
+
+        MULES::limit
+        (
+            1.0/mesh_.time().deltaT().value(),
+            voidfraction_,
+            alpha,
+            phi_,
+            alphaPhiCorr,
+            zeroField(),
+            zeroField(),
+#if OPENFOAM_VERSION_MAJOR < 6
+            1,
+            0,
+#else
+            oneField(),
+            zeroField(),
+#endif
+            true
+        );
+
+        phasei++;
+    }
+
+    MULES::limitSum(alphaPhiCorrs);
+
+    rhoPhi_ = dimensionedScalar("0", dimensionSet(1, 0, -1, 0, 0), 0);
+
+    volScalarField sumAlpha
+    (
+        IOobject
+        (
+            "sumAlpha",
+            mesh_.time().timeName(),
+            mesh_
+        ),
+        mesh_,
+        dimensionedScalar("sumAlpha", dimless, 0)
+    );
+
+    phasei = 0;
+
+    forAllIter(PtrDictionary<phase>, phases_, iter)
+    {
+        phase& alpha = iter();
+
+        surfaceScalarField& alphaPhi = alphaPhiCorrs[phasei];
+        alphaPhi += upwind<scalar>(mesh_, phi_).flux(alpha);
+
+        MULES::explicitSolve
+        (
+            voidfraction_,
+            alpha,
+            alphaPhi,
+            zeroField(),
+            zeroField()
+        );
+
+        rhoPhi_ += alphaPhi*alpha.rho();
+
+        Info<< alpha.name() << " volume fraction, min, max = "
+            << alpha.weightedAverage(mesh_.V()).value()
+            << ' ' << min(alpha).value()
+            << ' ' << max(alpha).value()
+            << endl;
+
+        sumAlpha += alpha;
+
+        phasei++;
+    }
+
+    Info<< "Phase-sum volume fraction, min, max = "
+        << sumAlpha.weightedAverage(mesh_.V()).value()
+        << ' ' << min(sumAlpha).value()
+        << ' ' << max(sumAlpha).value()
+        << endl;
+
+    calcAlphas();
+}
+
+
+bool Foam::multiphaseMixture::read()
+{
+    if (transportModel::read())
+    {
+        bool readOK = true;
+
+        PtrList<entry> phaseData(lookup("phases"));
+        label phasei = 0;
+
+        forAllIter(PtrDictionary<phase>, phases_, iter)
+        {
+            readOK &= iter().read(phaseData[phasei++].dict());
+        }
+
+        lookup("sigmas") >> sigmas_;
+
+        return readOK;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        return false;
+    }
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

applications/solvers/cfdemSolverMultiphase/multiphaseMixture/multiphaseMixture.H

@@ -0,0 +1,284 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+License
+
+    This is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with this code.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+    Copyright (C) 2018- Mathias Vångö, JKU Linz, Austria
+
+Class
+    multiphaseMixture
+
+Description
+    This class is based on the OpenFOAM(R) Foam::multiphaseMixture class,
+    which is an incompressible multi-phase mixture with built in solution
+    for the phase fractions with interface compression for interface-capturing.
+    It has been extended to include the void fraction in the volume fraction
+    transport equations.
+
+    Derived from transportModel so that it can be unsed in conjunction with
+    the incompressible turbulence models.
+
+    Surface tension and contact-angle is handled for the interface
+    between each phase-pair.
+
+SourceFiles
+    multiphaseMixture.C
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef multiphaseMixture_H
+#define multiphaseMixture_H
+
+#include "incompressible/transportModel/transportModel.H"
+#include "IOdictionary.H"
+#include "phase.H"
+#include "PtrDictionary.H"
+#include "volFields.H"
+#include "surfaceFields.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+                      Class multiphaseMixture Declaration
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+class multiphaseMixture
+:
+    public IOdictionary,
+    public transportModel
+{
+public:
+
+    class interfacePair
+    :
+        public Pair<word>
+    {
+    public:
+
+        class hash
+        :
+            public Hash<interfacePair>
+        {
+        public:
+
+            hash()
+            {}
+
+            label operator()(const interfacePair& key) const
+            {
+                return word::hash()(key.first()) + word::hash()(key.second());
+            }
+        };
+
+
+        // Constructors
+
+            interfacePair()
+            {}
+
+            interfacePair(const word& alpha1Name, const word& alpha2Name)
+            :
+                Pair<word>(alpha1Name, alpha2Name)
+            {}
+
+            interfacePair(const phase& alpha1, const phase& alpha2)
+            :
+                Pair<word>(alpha1.name(), alpha2.name())
+            {}
+
+
+        // Friend Operators
+
+            friend bool operator==
+            (
+                const interfacePair& a,
+                const interfacePair& b
+            )
+            {
+                return
+                (
+                    ((a.first() == b.first()) && (a.second() == b.second()))
+                 || ((a.first() == b.second()) && (a.second() == b.first()))
+                );
+            }
+
+            friend bool operator!=
+            (
+                const interfacePair& a,
+                const interfacePair& b
+            )
+            {
+                return (!(a == b));
+            }
+    };
+
+
+private:
+
+    // Private data
+
+        //- Dictionary of phases
+        PtrDictionary<phase> phases_;
+
+        const fvMesh& mesh_;
+        const volVectorField& U_;
+        const surfaceScalarField& phi_;
+        const volScalarField& voidfraction_;
+        surfaceScalarField rhoPhi_;
+        surfaceScalarField surfaceTensionForce_;
+        volScalarField alphas_;
+
+        volScalarField nu_;
+
+        typedef HashTable<scalar, interfacePair, interfacePair::hash>
+            sigmaTable;
+
+        sigmaTable sigmas_;
+        dimensionSet dimSigma_;
+
+        //- Stabilisation for normalisation of the interface normal
+        const dimensionedScalar deltaN_;
+
+        //- Conversion factor for degrees into radians
+        static const scalar convertToRad;
+
+
+    // Private member functions
+
+        void calcAlphas();
+
+        tmp<volScalarField> calcNu() const;
+
+        void solveAlphas(const scalar cAlpha);
+
+        tmp<surfaceVectorField> nHatfv
+        (
+            const volScalarField& alpha1,
+            const volScalarField& alpha2
+        ) const;
+
+        tmp<surfaceScalarField> nHatf
+        (
+            const volScalarField& alpha1,
+            const volScalarField& alpha2
+        ) const;
+
+        void correctContactAngle
+        (
+            const phase& alpha1,
+            const phase& alpha2,
+            surfaceVectorField::Boundary& nHatb
+        ) const;
+
+        tmp<volScalarField> K(const phase& alpha1, const phase& alpha2) const;
+        tmp<surfaceScalarField> calcStf() const;
+
+public:
+
+    // Constructors
+
+        //- Construct from components
+        multiphaseMixture
+        (
+            const volVectorField& U,
+            const surfaceScalarField& phi,
+            const volScalarField& voidfraction
+        );
+
+
+    //- Destructor
+    virtual ~multiphaseMixture()
+    {}
+
+
+    // Member Functions
+
+        //- Return the phases
+        const PtrDictionary<phase>& phases() const
+        {
+            return phases_;
+        }
+
+        //- Return the velocity
+        const volVectorField& U() const
+        {
+            return U_;
+        }
+
+        //- Return the volumetric flux
+        const surfaceScalarField& phi() const
+        {
+            return phi_;
+        }
+
+        const surfaceScalarField& rhoPhi() const
+        {
+            return rhoPhi_;
+        }
+
+        //- Return the mixture density
+        tmp<volScalarField> rho() const;
+
+        //- Return the mixture density for patch
+        tmp<scalarField> rho(const label patchi) const;
+
+        //- Return the dynamic laminar viscosity
+        tmp<volScalarField> mu() const;
+
+        //- Return the dynamic laminar viscosity for patch
+        tmp<scalarField> mu(const label patchi) const;
+
+        //- Return the face-interpolated dynamic laminar viscosity
+        tmp<surfaceScalarField> muf() const;
+
+        //- Return the kinematic laminar viscosity
+        tmp<volScalarField> nu() const;
+
+        //- Return the laminar viscosity for patch
+        tmp<scalarField> nu(const label patchi) const;
+
+        //- Return the face-interpolated dynamic laminar viscosity
+        tmp<surfaceScalarField> nuf() const;
+
+        tmp<surfaceScalarField> surfaceTensionForce() const
+        {
+            return surfaceTensionForce_;
+        }
+
+        //- Indicator of the proximity of the interface
+        //  Field values are 1 near and 0 away for the interface.
+        tmp<volScalarField> nearInterface() const;
+
+        //- Solve for the mixture phase-fractions
+        void solve();
+
+        //- Correct the mixture properties
+        void correct();
+
+        //- Read base transportProperties dictionary
+        bool read();
+};
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+} // End namespace Foam
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+#endif
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

applications/solvers/cfdemSolverMultiphase/multiphaseMixture/phase/phase.C

@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     |
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011-2015 OpenFOAM Foundation
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "phase.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Constructors  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+Foam::phase::phase
+(
+    const word& phaseName,
+    const dictionary& phaseDict,
+    const volVectorField& U,
+    const surfaceScalarField& phi
+)
+:
+    volScalarField
+    (
+        IOobject
+        (
+            IOobject::groupName("alpha", phaseName),
+            U.mesh().time().timeName(),
+            U.mesh(),
+            IOobject::MUST_READ,
+            IOobject::AUTO_WRITE
+        ),
+        U.mesh()
+    ),
+    name_(phaseName),
+    phaseDict_(phaseDict),
+    nuModel_
+    (
+        viscosityModel::New
+        (
+            IOobject::groupName("nu", phaseName),
+            phaseDict_,
+            U,
+            phi
+        )
+    ),
+    rho_("rho", dimDensity, phaseDict_)
+{}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Member Functions  * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+Foam::autoPtr<Foam::phase> Foam::phase::clone() const
+{
+    NotImplemented;
+    return autoPtr<phase>(NULL);
+}
+
+
+void Foam::phase::correct()
+{
+    nuModel_->correct();
+}
+
+
+bool Foam::phase::read(const dictionary& phaseDict)
+{
+    phaseDict_ = phaseDict;
+
+    if (nuModel_->read(phaseDict_))
+    {
+        phaseDict_.lookup("rho") >> rho_;
+
+        return true;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        return false;
+    }
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

applications/solvers/cfdemSolverMultiphase/multiphaseMixture/phase/phase.H

@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     |
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011-2015 OpenFOAM Foundation
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+Class
+    Foam::phase
+
+Description
+    Single incompressible phase derived from the phase-fraction.
+    Used as part of the multiPhaseMixture for interface-capturing multi-phase
+    simulations.
+
+SourceFiles
+    phase.C
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef phase_H
+#define phase_H
+
+#include "volFields.H"
+#include "dictionaryEntry.H"
+#include "incompressible/viscosityModels/viscosityModel/viscosityModel.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+                           Class phase Declaration
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+class phase
+:
+    public volScalarField
+{
+    // Private data
+
+        word name_;
+        dictionary phaseDict_;
+        autoPtr<viscosityModel> nuModel_;
+        dimensionedScalar rho_;
+
+
+public:
+
+    // Constructors
+
+        //- Construct from components
+        phase
+        (
+            const word& name,
+            const dictionary& phaseDict,
+            const volVectorField& U,
+            const surfaceScalarField& phi
+        );
+
+        //- Return clone
+        autoPtr<phase> clone() const;
+
+        //- Return a pointer to a new phase created on freestore
+        //  from Istream
+        class iNew
+        {
+            const volVectorField& U_;
+            const surfaceScalarField& phi_;
+
+        public:
+
+            iNew
+            (
+                const volVectorField& U,
+                const surfaceScalarField& phi
+            )
+            :
+                U_(U),
+                phi_(phi)
+            {}
+
+            autoPtr<phase> operator()(Istream& is) const
+            {
+                dictionaryEntry ent(dictionary::null, is);
+                return autoPtr<phase>(new phase(ent.keyword(), ent, U_, phi_));
+            }
+        };
+
+
+    // Member Functions
+
+        const word& name() const
+        {
+            return name_;
+        }
+
+        const word& keyword() const
+        {
+            return name();
+        }
+
+        //- Return const-access to phase1 viscosityModel
+        const viscosityModel& nuModel() const
+        {
+            return nuModel_();
+        }
+
+        //- Return the kinematic laminar viscosity
+        tmp<volScalarField> nu() const
+        {
+            return nuModel_->nu();
+        }
+
+        //- Return the laminar viscosity for patch
+        tmp<scalarField> nu(const label patchi) const
+        {
+            return nuModel_->nu(patchi);
+        }
+
+        //- Return const-access to phase1 density
+        const dimensionedScalar& rho() const
+        {
+            return rho_;
+        }
+
+        //- Correct the phase properties
+        void correct();
+
+        //-Inherit read from volScalarField
+        using volScalarField::read;
+
+        //- Read base transportProperties dictionary
+        bool read(const dictionary& phaseDict);
+};
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+} // End namespace Foam
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+#endif
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

applications/solvers/cfdemSolverMultiphase/pEqn.H

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+{
+    volScalarField rAU("rAU", 1.0/UEqn.A());
+    surfaceScalarField rAUepsf("rAUepsf", fvc::interpolate(rAU*voidfraction));
+    surfaceScalarField rAUepsSqf("rAUepsSqf", fvc::interpolate(rAU*voidfraction*voidfraction));
+    volVectorField Ueps("Ueps", U * voidfraction);
+
+    volVectorField HbyA(constrainHbyA(rAU*UEqn.H(), U, p_rgh));
+
+    surfaceScalarField phiHbyA
+    (
+        "phiHbyA",
+        fvc::flux(HbyA*voidfraction)
+      + fvc::interpolate(voidfraction*rho*rAU)*fvc::ddtCorr(U, phi)
+    );
+
+    adjustPhi(phiHbyA, U, p_rgh);
+
+    if (modelType == "A")
+        rAUepsf = rAUepsSqf;
+
+    surfaceScalarField phig (-ghf*fvc::snGrad(rho)*rAUepsf*mesh.magSf());
+
+    surfaceScalarField phiSt (mixture.surfaceTensionForce()*rAUepsSqf*mesh.magSf());
+
+    surfaceScalarField phiS (fvc::flux(voidfraction*Us*Ksl*rAU));
+
+    phiHbyA += phig + phiSt + phiS;
+
+    // Update the pressure BCs to ensure flux consistency
+    constrainPressure(p_rgh, Ueps, phiHbyA, rAUepsf);
+
+    while (pimple.correctNonOrthogonal())
+    {
+        fvScalarMatrix p_rghEqn
+        (
+            fvm::laplacian(rAUepsf, p_rgh) == particleCloud.ddtVoidfraction() + fvc::div(phiHbyA)
+        );
+
+        p_rghEqn.setReference(pRefCell, getRefCellValue(p_rgh, pRefCell));
+
+        p_rghEqn.solve(mesh.solver(p_rgh.select(pimple.finalInnerIter())));
+
+        if (pimple.finalNonOrthogonalIter())
+        {
+            phi = phiHbyA - p_rghEqn.flux();
+
+            p_rgh.relax();
+
+            if (modelType == "A")
+                U = HbyA + voidfraction*rAU*fvc::reconstruct((phig-p_rghEqn.flux()+phiSt)/rAUepsf) + rAU*Us*Ksl;
+            else
+                U = HbyA + rAU*fvc::reconstruct((phig-p_rghEqn.flux()+phiSt)/rAUepsf) + rAU*Us*Ksl;
+
+            U.correctBoundaryConditions();
+            fvOptions.correct(U);
+        }
+    }
+
+    #include "continuityErrs.H"
+
+    p == p_rgh + rho*gh;
+
+    if (p_rgh.needReference())
+    {
+        p += dimensionedScalar
+        (
+            "p",
+            p.dimensions(),
+            pRefValue - getRefCellValue(p, pRefCell)
+        );
+        p_rgh = p - rho*gh;
+    }
+}

applications/solvers/cfdemSolverPiso/UEqn.H

@@ -15,10 +15,10 @@ fvOptions.constrain(UEqn);
 if (piso.momentumPredictor() && (modelType=="B" || modelType=="Bfull"))
 {
     solve(UEqn == - fvc::grad(p) + Ksl/rho*Us);
-    fvOptions.correct(U);		    
+    fvOptions.correct(U);
 }
 else if (piso.momentumPredictor())
 {
     solve(UEqn == - voidfraction*fvc::grad(p) + Ksl/rho*Us);
     fvOptions.correct(U);
-}
+}

applications/solvers/cfdemSolverPiso/cfdemSolverPiso.C

@@ -86,12 +86,12 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
         Ksl = particleCloud.momCoupleM(0).impMomSource();
         Ksl.correctBoundaryConditions();
 
-       //Force Checks
-       vector fTotal(0,0,0);
-       vector fImpTotal = sum(mesh.V()*Ksl.internalField()*(Us.internalField()-U.internalField())).value();
-       reduce(fImpTotal, sumOp<vector>());
-       Info << "TotalForceExp: " << fTotal << endl;
-       Info << "TotalForceImp: " << fImpTotal << endl;
+        //Force Checks
+        vector fTotal(0,0,0);
+        vector fImpTotal = sum(mesh.V()*Ksl.internalField()*(Us.internalField()-U.internalField())).value();
+        reduce(fImpTotal, sumOp<vector>());
+        Info << "TotalForceExp: " << fTotal << endl;
+        Info << "TotalForceImp: " << fImpTotal << endl;
 
         #include "solverDebugInfo.H"
         particleCloud.clockM().stop("Coupling");

applications/solvers/cfdemSolverPiso/createFields.H

@@ -96,17 +96,17 @@
 #define createPhi_H
 Info<< "Reading/calculating face flux field phi\n" << endl;
 surfaceScalarField phi
- (
-     IOobject
-     (
+(
+    IOobject
+    (
         "phi",
         runTime.timeName(),
          mesh,
         IOobject::READ_IF_PRESENT,
         IOobject::AUTO_WRITE
-     ),
-     linearInterpolate(U*voidfraction) & mesh.Sf()
- );
+    ),
+    linearInterpolate(U*voidfraction) & mesh.Sf()
+);
 #endif
 
 
@@ -123,4 +123,4 @@ surfaceScalarField phi
         incompressible::turbulenceModel::New(U, phi, laminarTransport)
     );
 
-#include "createMRF.H"
+#include "createMRF.H"

applications/solvers/cfdemSolverPiso/pEqn.H

@@ -31,12 +31,12 @@ constrainPressure(p, Uvoidfraction, phiHbyA, rAUvoidfraction, MRF);
 while (piso.correctNonOrthogonal())
 {
     // Pressure corrector
-  
+
     fvScalarMatrix pEqn
     (
         fvm::laplacian(rAUvoidfraction, p) == fvc::div(phi) + particleCloud.ddtVoidfraction()
     );
-    
+
     pEqn.setReference(pRefCell, pRefValue);
 
     pEqn.solve(mesh.solver(p.select(piso.finalInnerIter())));
@@ -55,4 +55,4 @@ else
     U = HbyA - voidfraction*rAU*fvc::grad(p) + Ksl/rho*Us*rAU;
 
 U.correctBoundaryConditions();
-fvOptions.correct(U);
+fvOptions.correct(U);

applications/solvers/cfdemSolverPisoScalar/TEqn.H

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
- // get scalar source from DEM        
+ // get scalar source from DEM
         particleCloud.forceM(1).manipulateScalarField(Tsource);
         Tsource.correctBoundaryConditions();
 
@@ -12,4 +12,4 @@
            Tsource
         );
         TEqn.relax();
-        TEqn.solve();
+        TEqn.solve();

applications/solvers/cfdemSolverPisoScalar/cfdemSolverPisoScalar.C

@@ -81,23 +81,23 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
         {
             particleCloud.smoothingM().smoothen(particleCloud.forceM(0).impParticleForces());
         }
-    
+
         Info << "update Ksl.internalField()" << endl;
         Ksl = particleCloud.momCoupleM(0).impMomSource();
         Ksl.correctBoundaryConditions();
 
-       //Force Checks
-       vector fTotal(0,0,0);
-       vector fImpTotal = sum(mesh.V()*Ksl.internalField()*(Us.internalField()-U.internalField())).value();
-       reduce(fImpTotal, sumOp<vector>());
-       Info << "TotalForceExp: " << fTotal << endl;
-       Info << "TotalForceImp: " << fImpTotal << endl;
+        //Force Checks
+        vector fTotal(0,0,0);
+        vector fImpTotal = sum(mesh.V()*Ksl.internalField()*(Us.internalField()-U.internalField())).value();
+        reduce(fImpTotal, sumOp<vector>());
+        Info << "TotalForceExp: " << fTotal << endl;
+        Info << "TotalForceImp: " << fImpTotal << endl;
 
         #include "solverDebugInfo.H"
         particleCloud.clockM().stop("Coupling");
 
         particleCloud.clockM().start(26,"Flow");
-	
+
         #include "TEqn.H"
 
         if(particleCloud.solveFlow())

applications/solvers/cfdemSolverPisoScalar/createFields.H

@@ -146,17 +146,17 @@
 #define createPhi_H
 Info<< "Reading/calculating face flux field phi\n" << endl;
 surfaceScalarField phi
- (
-     IOobject
-     (
+(
+    IOobject
+    (
         "phi",
         runTime.timeName(),
          mesh,
         IOobject::READ_IF_PRESENT,
         IOobject::AUTO_WRITE
-     ),
-     linearInterpolate(U*voidfraction) & mesh.Sf()
- );
+    ),
+    linearInterpolate(U*voidfraction) & mesh.Sf()
+);
 #endif
 
 
@@ -173,4 +173,4 @@ surfaceScalarField phi
         incompressible::turbulenceModel::New(U, phi, laminarTransport)
     );
 
-#include "createMRF.H"
+#include "createMRF.H"

applications/solvers/cfdemSolverRhoPimple/EEqn.H

@@ -6,9 +6,6 @@
     particleCloud.energyContributions(Qsource);
     particleCloud.energyCoefficients(QCoeff);
 
-    //thDiff=particleCloud.thermCondM().thermDiff();
-    thCond=particleCloud.thermCondM().thermCond();
-
     addSource = fvc::ddt(rhoeps, K) + fvc::div(phi, K)
       + (
             he.name() == "e"
@@ -23,6 +20,9 @@
 
     Cpv = he.name() == "e" ? thermo.Cv() : thermo.Cp();
 
+    // correct source for the thermodynamic reference temperature
+    dimensionedScalar Tref("Tref", dimTemperature, T[0]-he[0]/(Cpv[0]+SMALL));
+    Qsource += QCoeff*Tref;
 
     fvScalarMatrix EEqn
     (
@@ -32,7 +32,6 @@
       - Qsource
       - fvm::Sp(QCoeff/Cpv, he)
      // thermal conduction of the fluid with effective conductivity
-     // - fvm::laplacian(rhoeps*thDiff,he)
       - fvm::laplacian(voidfraction*thCond/Cpv,he)
       // + particle-fluid energy transfer due to work
       // + fluid energy dissipation due to shearing

applications/solvers/cfdemSolverRhoPimple/Make/options

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 include $(CFDEM_ADD_LIBS_DIR)/additionalLibs
 
+FOAM_VERSION_MAJOR := $(word 1,$(subst ., ,$(WM_PROJECT_VERSION)))
+PFLAGS+= -DOPENFOAM_VERSION_MAJOR=$(FOAM_VERSION_MAJOR)
 PFLAGS+= -Dcompre
 
 EXE_INC = \

applications/solvers/cfdemSolverRhoPimple/cfdemSolverRhoPimple.C

@@ -69,8 +69,8 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
     #include "checkModelType.H"
 
     turbulence->validate();
-  //        #include "compressibleCourantNo.H"
-  //  #include "setInitialDeltaT.H"
+    //#include "compressibleCourantNo.H"
+    //#include "setInitialDeltaT.H"
 
     // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
         particleCloud.clockM().start(2,"Coupling");
         bool hasEvolved = particleCloud.evolve(voidfraction,Us,U);
 
-        if(hasEvolved)
+        if(hasEvolved && smoothenForces)
         {
             particleCloud.smoothingM().smoothen(particleCloud.forceM(0).impParticleForces());
         }
@@ -113,7 +113,11 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 
         particleCloud.clockM().start(26,"Flow");
 
+#if OPENFOAM_VERSION_MAJOR < 6
         if (pimple.nCorrPIMPLE() <= 1)
+#else
+        if (pimple.nCorrPimple() <= 1)
+#endif
         {
             #include "rhoEqn.H"
         }

applications/solvers/cfdemSolverRhoPimple/createFields.H

@@ -58,10 +58,11 @@ Info<< "Reading thermophysical properties\n" << endl;
            "addSource",
            runTime.timeName(),
            mesh,
-           IOobject::MUST_READ,
+           IOobject::READ_IF_PRESENT,
            IOobject::AUTO_WRITE
         ),
-        mesh
+        mesh,
+        dimensionedScalar("zero", dimensionSet(1,-1,-3,0,0,0,0), 0.0)
     );
 
     Info<< "\nCreating fluid-particle heat flux field\n" << endl;
@@ -94,21 +95,6 @@ Info<< "Reading thermophysical properties\n" << endl;
         dimensionedScalar("zero", dimensionSet(1,-1,-3,-1,0,0,0), 0.0)
     );
 
-  /*  Info<< "\nCreating thermal diffusivity field\n" << endl;
-    volScalarField thDiff
-    (
-        IOobject
-        (
-            "thDiff",
-            runTime.timeName(),
-            mesh,
-            IOobject::NO_READ,
-            IOobject::AUTO_WRITE
-        ),
-        mesh,
-        dimensionedScalar("zero", dimensionSet(0,2,-1,0,0,0,0), 0.0)
-    );
-  */
     Info<< "\nCreating thermal conductivity field\n" << endl;
     volScalarField thCond
     (
@@ -117,11 +103,12 @@ Info<< "Reading thermophysical properties\n" << endl;
             "thCond",
             runTime.timeName(),
             mesh,
-            IOobject::NO_READ,
+            IOobject::READ_IF_PRESENT,
             IOobject::AUTO_WRITE
         ),
         mesh,
-        dimensionedScalar("zero", dimensionSet(1,1,-3,-1,0,0,0), 0.0)
+        dimensionedScalar("zero", dimensionSet(1,1,-3,-1,0,0,0), 0.0),
+        "zeroGradient"
     );
 
     Info<< "\nCreating heat capacity field\n" << endl;
@@ -190,6 +177,17 @@ Info<< "Reading thermophysical properties\n" << endl;
         )
     );
 
+    bool smoothenForces
+    (
+        pimple.dict().lookupOrDefault<bool>
+        (
+            "smoothenForces",
+            false
+        )
+    );
+    if (smoothenForces) Info << "Smoothening implicit particle forces.\n" << endl;
+    else Info << "Not smoothening implicit particle forces.\n" << endl;
+
     Info<< "Creating turbulence model\n" << endl;
     autoPtr<compressible::turbulenceModel> turbulence
     (

applications/solvers/cfdemSolverRhoPimple/pEqn.H

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ else
     //      + rhorAUf*fvc::ddtCorr(rho, U, phi)
         )
     );
-    
+
     // flux without pressure gradient contribution
     phi = phiHbyA + phiUs;
 

applications/solvers/cfdemSolverRhoPimple/rhoEqn.H

@@ -14,4 +14,4 @@
     fvOptions.correct(rho);
 }
 
-// ************************************************************************* //
+// ************************************************************************* //

applications/solvers/cfdemSolverRhoPimpleChem/EEqn.H

@@ -6,9 +6,12 @@ volScalarField& he = thermo.he();
 particleCloud.energyContributions(Qsource);
 particleCloud.energyCoefficients(QCoeff);
 
-thCond=particleCloud.thermCondM().thermCond();
 Cpv = he.name() == "e" ? thermo.Cv() : thermo.Cp();
 
+// correct source for the thermodynamic reference temperature
+// dimensionedScalar Tref("Tref", dimTemperature, T[0]-he[0]/(Cpv[0]+SMALL));
+// Qsource += QCoeff*Tref;
+
 fvScalarMatrix EEqn
 (
     fvm::ddt(rhoeps, he) + fvm::div(phi, he)
@@ -45,7 +48,13 @@ fvScalarMatrix EEqn
 
     thermo.correct();
 
-    Info<< "T max/min : " << max(T).value() << " " << min(T).value() << endl;
-    Info << "he min/max : " << max(he).value() << "  " << min(he).value() << endl;
+    Info << "Qsource :" << max(Qsource).value() << " " << min(Qsource).value() << endl;
+    Info << "QCoeff :" << max(QCoeff).value() << " " << min(QCoeff).value() << endl;
+    Info << "Cpv :" << max(Cpv).value() << " " << min(Cpv).value() << endl;
+    Info<<  "T max/min : " << max(T).value() << " " << min(T).value() << endl;
+    Info << "he max/min : " << max(he).value() << "  " << min(he).value() << endl;
 
+    particleCloud.clockM().start(31,"energySolve");
+    particleCloud.solve();
+    particleCloud.clockM().stop("energySolve");
 }

applications/solvers/cfdemSolverRhoPimpleChem/Make/options

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 include $(CFDEM_ADD_LIBS_DIR)/additionalLibs
 
+FOAM_VERSION_MAJOR := $(word 1,$(subst ., ,$(WM_PROJECT_VERSION)))
+PFLAGS+= -DOPENFOAM_VERSION_MAJOR=$(FOAM_VERSION_MAJOR)
 PFLAGS+= -Dcompre
 
 EXE_INC = \
@@ -19,12 +21,8 @@ EXE_INC = \
     -I$(LIB_SRC)/thermophysicalModels/specie/lnInclude \
     -I$(LIB_SRC)/transportModels/compressible/lnInclude \
     -I$(LIB_SRC)/thermophysicalModels/basic/lnInclude \
-    -I$(LIB_SRC)/thermophysicalModels/properties/liquidProperties/lnInclude \
-    -I$(LIB_SRC)/thermophysicalModels/properties/liquidMixtureProperties/lnInclude \
-    -I$(LIB_SRC)/thermophysicalModels/thermophysicalFunctions/lnInclude \
     -I$(LIB_SRC)/thermophysicalModels/reactionThermo/lnInclude \
     -I$(LIB_SRC)/thermophysicalModels/chemistryModel/lnInclude \
-    -I$(LIB_SRC)/thermophysicalModels/radiationModels/lnInclude \
     -I$(LIB_SRC)/regionModels/regionModel/lnInclude \
     -I$(LIB_SRC)/regionModels/surfaceFilmModels/lnInclude \
     -I$(LIB_SRC)/ODE/lnInclude \
@@ -48,9 +46,6 @@ EXE_LIBS = \
     -l$(CFDEM_LIB_COMP_NAME) \
      $(CFDEM_ADD_LIB_PATHS) \
      $(CFDEM_ADD_LIBS) \
-    -lliquidProperties \
-    -lliquidMixtureProperties \
-    -lthermophysicalFunctions \
     -lreactionThermophysicalModels \
     -lchemistryModel \
     -lradiationModels \

applications/solvers/cfdemSolverRhoPimpleChem/YEqn.H

@@ -13,7 +13,11 @@ tmp<fv::convectionScheme<scalar> > mvConvection
 
 {
     combustion->correct();
+#if OPENFOAM_VERSION_MAJOR < 5
     dQ = combustion->dQ();
+#else
+    Qdot = combustion->Qdot();
+#endif
     label inertIndex = -1;
     volScalarField Yt(0.0*Y[0]);
 
@@ -72,4 +76,5 @@ tmp<fv::convectionScheme<scalar> > mvConvection
         Y[inertIndex].max(0.0);
     }
 }
+
 particleCloud.clockM().stop("Y");

applications/solvers/cfdemSolverRhoPimpleChem/cfdemSolverRhoPimpleChem.C

@@ -30,7 +30,12 @@ Description
 
 #include "fvCFD.H"
 #include "turbulentFluidThermoModel.H"
+#if OPENFOAM_VERSION_MAJOR < 6
 #include "rhoCombustionModel.H"
+#else
+#include "rhoReactionThermo.H"
+#include "CombustionModel.H"
+#endif
 #include "bound.H"
 #include "pimpleControl.H"
 #include "fvOptions.H"
@@ -52,7 +57,6 @@ Description
 
 int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 {
-//    #include "postProcess.H"
     #include "setRootCase.H"
     #include "createTime.H"
     #include "createMesh.H"
@@ -61,7 +65,6 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
     #include "createRDeltaT.H"
 
     #include "createFields.H"
-    #include "createFieldRefs.H"
     #include "createFvOptions.H"
     #include "initContinuityErrs.H"
 
@@ -117,7 +120,11 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 
        particleCloud.clockM().start(26,"Flow");
 
+#if OPENFOAM_VERSION_MAJOR < 6
         if (pimple.nCorrPIMPLE() <= 1)
+#else
+        if (pimple.nCorrPimple() <= 1)
+#endif
         {
             #include "rhoEqn.H"
         }

applications/solvers/cfdemSolverRhoPimpleChem/createFields.H

@@ -1,21 +1,28 @@
     //  thermodynamics, chemistry
 
+#if OPENFOAM_VERSION_MAJOR < 6
     Info<< "Creating combustion model\n" << endl;
-
     autoPtr<combustionModels::rhoCombustionModel> combustion
     (
         combustionModels::rhoCombustionModel::New(mesh)
     );
-
     rhoReactionThermo& thermo = combustion->thermo();
-
+#else
+    Info<< "Reading thermophysical properties\n" << endl;
+    autoPtr<rhoReactionThermo> pThermo(rhoReactionThermo::New(mesh));
+    rhoReactionThermo& thermo = pThermo();
+#endif
     thermo.validate(args.executable(), "h", "e");
 
     basicSpecieMixture& composition = thermo.composition();
     PtrList<volScalarField>& Y = composition.Y();
 
     // read molecular weight
+#if OPENFOAM_VERSION_MAJOR < 6
     volScalarField W(composition.W());
+#else
+    volScalarField W(thermo.W());
+#endif
 
     bool propagateInertSpecie = true;
 
@@ -34,6 +41,8 @@
     }
 
     volScalarField& p = thermo.p();
+    const volScalarField& T = thermo.T();
+    const volScalarField& psi = thermo.psi();
 
     multivariateSurfaceInterpolationScheme<scalar>::fieldTable fields;
 
@@ -57,9 +66,6 @@
     );
 
     //  kinematic fields
-
-
-
     Info<< "Reading field U\n" << endl;
     volVectorField U
     (
@@ -88,18 +94,8 @@
         mesh
     );
 
-    volScalarField rhoeps
-    (
-        IOobject
-        (
-            "rhoeps",
-            runTime.timeName(),
-            mesh,
-            IOobject::MUST_READ,
-            IOobject::AUTO_WRITE
-        ),
-        rho*voidfraction
-    );
+    volScalarField rhoeps ("rhoeps", rho*voidfraction);
+
 
     Info<< "\nCreating fluid-particle heat flux field\n" << endl;
     volScalarField Qsource
@@ -139,11 +135,12 @@
             "thCond",
             runTime.timeName(),
             mesh,
-            IOobject::NO_READ,
+            IOobject::READ_IF_PRESENT,
             IOobject::AUTO_WRITE
         ),
         mesh,
-        dimensionedScalar("zero", dimensionSet(1,1,-3,-1,0,0,0), 0.0)
+        dimensionedScalar("zero", dimensionSet(1,1,-3,-1,0,0,0), 0.0),
+        "zeroGradient"
     );
 
     Info<< "\nCreating heat capacity field\n" << endl;
@@ -209,6 +206,14 @@
         )
     );
 
+#if OPENFOAM_VERSION_MAJOR >= 6
+    Info<< "Creating combustion model\n" << endl;
+    autoPtr<CombustionModel<rhoReactionThermo>> combustion
+    (
+        CombustionModel<rhoReactionThermo>::New(thermo, turbulence())
+    );
+#endif
+
     Info<< "Creating field dpdt\n" << endl;
     volScalarField dpdt
     (
@@ -225,6 +230,7 @@
     Info<< "Creating field kinetic energy K\n" << endl;
     volScalarField K("K", 0.5*magSqr(U));
 
+#if OPENFOAM_VERSION_MAJOR < 5
     volScalarField dQ
     (
         IOobject
@@ -238,6 +244,21 @@
         mesh,
         dimensionedScalar("dQ", dimEnergy/dimTime, 0.0)
     );
+#else
+    volScalarField Qdot
+    (
+        IOobject
+        (
+            "Qdot",
+            runTime.timeName(),
+            mesh,
+            IOobject::NO_READ,
+            IOobject::AUTO_WRITE
+        ),
+        mesh,
+        dimensionedScalar("Qdot", dimEnergy/dimVolume/dimTime, 0.0)
+    );
+#endif
 
     Info<< "\nReading momentum exchange field Ksl\n" << endl;
     volScalarField Ksl
@@ -282,9 +303,18 @@
         mesh,
         dimensionedScalar("zero",dimensionSet(0, -3, 0, 0, 1),0)
     );
+
+    volScalarField dSauter
+    (
+        IOobject
+        (
+            "dSauter",
+            runTime.timeName(),
+            mesh,
+            IOobject::READ_IF_PRESENT,
+            IOobject::AUTO_WRITE
+        ),
+        mesh,
+        dimensionedScalar("zero",dimensionSet(0, 1, 0, 0, 0,0,0),0)
+    );
 //===============================
-
-
-
- //   singlePhaseTransportModel laminarTransport(U, phi);
-

applications/solvers/cfdemSolverRhoSimple/Make/files

@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-cfdemSolverRhoSimple.C
-
-EXE=$(CFDEM_APP_DIR)/cfdemSolverRhoSimple

applications/solvers/rStatAnalysis/Make/files

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+rStatAnalysis.C
+
+EXE=$(CFDEM_APP_DIR)/rStatAnalysis

applications/solvers/rStatAnalysis/Make/options

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+include $(CFDEM_ADD_LIBS_DIR)/additionalLibs
+
+EXE_INC = \
+    -I$(CFDEM_OFVERSION_DIR) \
+    -I$(LIB_SRC)/finiteVolume/lnInclude \
+    -I$(LIB_SRC)/meshTools/lnInclude \
+    -I$(LIB_SRC)/TurbulenceModels/turbulenceModels/lnInclude \
+    -I$(LIB_SRC)/TurbulenceModels/incompressible/lnInclude \
+    -I$(LIB_SRC)/transportModels \
+    -I$(LIB_SRC)/transportModels/incompressible/singlePhaseTransportModel \
+    -I$(CFDEM_SRC_DIR)/lagrangian/cfdemParticle/lnInclude \
+    -I$(CFDEM_SRC_DIR)/lagrangian/cfdemParticle/cfdTools \
+    -I$(CFDEM_SRC_DIR)/recurrence/lnInclude \
+    -I$(CFDEM_SRC_DIR)/lagrangian/cfdemParticle/derived/cfdemCloudRec \
+
+EXE_LIBS = \
+    -L$(CFDEM_LIB_DIR)\
+    -lrecurrence \
+    -lturbulenceModels \
+    -lincompressibleTurbulenceModels \
+    -lincompressibleTransportModels \
+    -lfiniteVolume \
+    -lmeshTools \
+    -l$(CFDEM_LIB_NAME) \
+     $(CFDEM_ADD_LIB_PATHS) \
+     $(CFDEM_ADD_LIBS)

applications/solvers/rStatAnalysis/rStatAnalysis.C

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+    CFDEMcoupling academic - Open Source CFD-DEM coupling
+
+    Contributing authors:
+    Thomas Lichtenegger
+    Copyright (C) 2015- Johannes Kepler University, Linz
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of CFDEMcoupling academic.
+
+    CFDEMcoupling academic is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    CFDEMcoupling academic is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with CFDEMcoupling academic.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+Application
+    rStatAnalysis
+
+Description
+    Creates and analyzes a recurrence statistics
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "recBase.H"
+#include "recStatAnalysis.H"
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[])
+{
+    #include "postProcess.H"
+    #include "setRootCase.H"
+    #include "createTime.H"
+    #include "createMesh.H"
+    #include "createControl.H"
+
+
+    recBase recurrenceBase(mesh);
+
+    // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+    Info << "\nAnalyzing recurrence statistics\n" << endl;
+
+    recurrenceBase.recStatA().init();
+    recurrenceBase.recStatA().statistics();
+
+    Info << "End\n" << endl;
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

applications/solvers/rcfdemSolverBase/Make/files

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+rcfdemSolverBase.C
+
+EXE=$(CFDEM_APP_DIR)/rcfdemSolverBase

applications/solvers/rcfdemSolverBase/Make/options

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+include $(CFDEM_ADD_LIBS_DIR)/additionalLibs
+
+EXE_INC = \
+    -I$(CFDEM_OFVERSION_DIR) \
+    -I$(LIB_SRC)/finiteVolume/lnInclude \
+    -I$(LIB_SRC)/meshTools/lnInclude \
+    -I$(LIB_SRC)/TurbulenceModels/turbulenceModels/lnInclude \
+    -I$(LIB_SRC)/TurbulenceModels/incompressible/lnInclude \
+    -I$(LIB_SRC)/transportModels \
+    -I$(LIB_SRC)/transportModels/incompressible/singlePhaseTransportModel \
+    -I$(CFDEM_SRC_DIR)/lagrangian/cfdemParticle/lnInclude \
+    -I$(CFDEM_SRC_DIR)/lagrangian/cfdemParticle/cfdTools \
+    -I$(CFDEM_SRC_DIR)/recurrence/lnInclude \
+    -I$(CFDEM_SRC_DIR)/lagrangian/cfdemParticle/derived/cfdemCloudRec \
+
+EXE_LIBS = \
+    -L$(CFDEM_LIB_DIR)\
+    -lrecurrence \
+    -lturbulenceModels \
+    -lincompressibleTurbulenceModels \
+    -lincompressibleTransportModels \
+    -lfiniteVolume \
+    -lmeshTools \
+    -lfvOptions \
+    -l$(CFDEM_LIB_NAME) \
+     $(CFDEM_ADD_LIB_PATHS) \
+$(CFDEM_ADD_LIBS)

applications/solvers/rcfdemSolverBase/createFields.H

@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+    // dummy fields
+    Info << "\nCreating dummy pressure and density fields\n" << endl;
+    volScalarField p
+    (
+        IOobject
+        (
+            "p",
+            runTime.timeName(),
+            mesh,
+            IOobject::NO_READ,
+            IOobject::NO_WRITE
+        ),
+        mesh,
+        dimensionedScalar("p", dimensionSet(1, 2, -2, 0, 0), 1.0)
+    );
+
+    volScalarField rho
+    (
+        IOobject
+        (
+            "rho",
+            runTime.timeName(),
+            mesh,
+            IOobject::NO_READ,
+            IOobject::NO_WRITE
+        ),
+        mesh,
+        dimensionedScalar("rho", dimensionSet(1, -3, 0, 0, 0), 1.0)
+    );
+
+    // recurrence fields
+    Info << "\nCreating recurrence fields.\n" << endl;
+    volVectorField URec
+    (
+        IOobject
+        (
+            "URec",
+            runTime.timeName(),
+            mesh,
+            IOobject::MUST_READ,
+            IOobject::AUTO_WRITE
+        ),
+        mesh
+    );
+
+    volScalarField voidfractionRec
+    (
+        IOobject
+        (
+            "voidfractionRec",
+            runTime.timeName(),
+            mesh,
+            IOobject::MUST_READ,
+            IOobject::AUTO_WRITE
+        ),
+        mesh
+    );
+
+    volVectorField UsRec
+    (
+        IOobject
+        (
+            "UsRec",
+            runTime.timeName(),
+            mesh,
+            IOobject::MUST_READ,
+            IOobject::AUTO_WRITE
+        ),
+        mesh
+    );
+
+    // calculated fields
+    Info << "\nCreating fields subject to calculation\n" << endl;
+    volScalarField voidfraction
+    (
+        IOobject
+        (
+            "voidfraction",
+            runTime.timeName(),
+            mesh,
+            IOobject::NO_READ,
+            IOobject::AUTO_WRITE
+        ),
+        voidfractionRec
+    );
+
+    volVectorField Us
+    (
+        IOobject
+        (
+            "Us",
+            runTime.timeName(),
+            mesh,
+            IOobject::NO_READ,
+            IOobject::AUTO_WRITE
+        ),
+        UsRec
+    );
+
+    // write fields for t=t_start
+    voidfraction.write();
+    Us.write();
+//===============================
+
+    Info << "Calculating face flux field phi\n" << endl;
+    surfaceScalarField phiRec
+    (
+        IOobject
+        (
+            "phiRec",
+            runTime.timeName(),
+            mesh,
+            IOobject::READ_IF_PRESENT,
+            IOobject::AUTO_WRITE
+        ),
+        linearInterpolate(URec*voidfractionRec) & mesh.Sf()
+    );
+    phiRec.write();
+
+    singlePhaseTransportModel laminarTransport(URec, phiRec);
+
+    autoPtr<incompressible::turbulenceModel> turbulence
+    (
+        incompressible::turbulenceModel::New(URec, phiRec, laminarTransport)
+    );

applications/solvers/rcfdemSolverBase/rcfdemSolverBase.C

@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+    CFDEMcoupling academic - Open Source CFD-DEM coupling
+
+    Contributing authors:
+    Thomas Lichtenegger, Gerhard Holzinger
+    Copyright (C) 2015- Johannes Kepler University, Linz
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of CFDEMcoupling academic.
+
+    CFDEMcoupling academic is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    CFDEMcoupling academic is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with CFDEMcoupling academic.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+Application
+    cfdemSolverRecurrence
+
+Description
+    Solves a transport equation for a passive scalar on a two-phase solution
+    Test-bed for a solver based on recurrence statistics
+
+Rules
+    Solution data to compute the recurrence statistics from, needs to
+        reside in $CASE_ROOT/dataBase
+    Time step data in dataBase needs to be evenly spaced in time
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "fvCFD.H"
+#include "singlePhaseTransportModel.H"
+#include "turbulentTransportModel.H"
+#include "fvOptions.H"
+
+#include "cfdemCloudRec.H"
+#include "recBase.H"
+#include "recModel.H"
+
+#include "cfdemCloud.H"
+#include "clockModel.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[])
+{
+    #include "postProcess.H"
+    #include "setRootCase.H"
+    #include "createTime.H"
+    #include "createMesh.H"
+    #include "createControl.H"
+    #include "createFields.H"
+    #include "createFvOptions.H"
+
+    cfdemCloudRec<cfdemCloud> particleCloud(mesh);
+    recBase recurrenceBase(mesh);
+
+    // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+    Info << "\nCalculating particle trajectories based on recurrence statistics\n" << endl;
+
+    label recTimeIndex = 0;
+    scalar recTimeStep = recurrenceBase.recM().recTimeStep();
+    scalar startTime = runTime.startTime().value();
+
+    while (runTime.run())
+    {
+        runTime++;
+
+        // do stuff (every lagrangian time step)
+        particleCloud.clockM().start(1,"Global");
+
+        Info << "Time = " << runTime.timeName() << nl << endl;
+
+        particleCloud.clockM().start(2,"Coupling");
+
+        particleCloud.evolve(voidfraction,Us,URec);
+
+        particleCloud.clockM().stop("Coupling");
+
+
+        if ( runTime.timeOutputValue() - startTime - (recTimeIndex+1)*recTimeStep + 1.0e-5 > 0.0 )
+        {
+            recurrenceBase.updateRecFields();
+            #include "readFields.H"
+            recTimeIndex++;
+        }
+
+        particleCloud.clockM().start(27,"Output");
+        runTime.write();
+        particleCloud.clockM().stop("Output");
+
+        particleCloud.clockM().stop("Global");
+
+        Info << "ExecutionTime = " << runTime.elapsedCpuTime() << " s"
+             << "  ClockTime = " << runTime.elapsedClockTime() << " s"
+             << nl << endl;
+
+    }
+
+    Info << "End\n" << endl;
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

applications/solvers/rcfdemSolverBase/readFields.H

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+recurrenceBase.recM().exportVolScalarField("voidfraction",voidfractionRec);
+recurrenceBase.recM().exportVolVectorField("U",URec);
+recurrenceBase.recM().exportVolVectorField("Us",UsRec);
+recurrenceBase.recM().exportSurfaceScalarField("phi",phiRec);

applications/solvers/rcfdemSolverCoupledHeattransfer/Make/files

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+rcfdemSolverCoupledHeattransfer.C
+
+EXE=$(CFDEM_APP_DIR)/rcfdemSolverCoupledHeattransfer

applications/solvers/rcfdemSolverCoupledHeattransfer/Make/options

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+include $(CFDEM_ADD_LIBS_DIR)/additionalLibs
+
+EXE_INC = \
+    -I$(CFDEM_OFVERSION_DIR) \
+    -I$(LIB_SRC)/finiteVolume/lnInclude \
+    -I$(LIB_SRC)/meshTools/lnInclude \
+    -I$(LIB_SRC)/TurbulenceModels/turbulenceModels/lnInclude \
+    -I$(LIB_SRC)/TurbulenceModels/incompressible/lnInclude \
+    -I$(LIB_SRC)/transportModels \
+    -I$(LIB_SRC)/transportModels/incompressible/singlePhaseTransportModel \
+    -I$(CFDEM_SRC_DIR)/lagrangian/cfdemParticle/lnInclude \
+    -I$(CFDEM_SRC_DIR)/lagrangian/cfdemParticle/cfdTools \
+    -I$(CFDEM_SRC_DIR)/recurrence/lnInclude \
+    -I$(CFDEM_SRC_DIR)/lagrangian/cfdemParticle/derived/cfdemCloudRec \
+
+EXE_LIBS = \
+    -L$(CFDEM_LIB_DIR)\
+    -lrecurrence \
+    -lturbulenceModels \
+    -lincompressibleTurbulenceModels \
+    -lincompressibleTransportModels \
+    -lfiniteVolume \
+    -lmeshTools \
+    -lfvOptions \
+    -l$(CFDEM_LIB_NAME) \
+     $(CFDEM_ADD_LIB_PATHS) \
+$(CFDEM_ADD_LIBS)

applications/solvers/rcfdemSolverCoupledHeattransfer/TEqImp.H

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+    volScalarField rhoeps = rhoRec*voidfractionRec;
+
+    particleCloud.energyContributions(Qsource);
+
+    particleCloud.energyCoefficients(QCoeff);
+
+    //K = 0.5*magSqr(URec);
+
+    addSource = fvc::div(phiRec/fvc::interpolate(rhoRec), pRec);
+    // main contribution due to gas expansion, not due to transport of kinetic energy
+    // fvc::ddt(rhoeps, K) + fvc::div(phiRec, K)
+
+    fvScalarMatrix TEqn =
+    (
+        fvm::ddt(rhoeps, T)
+        + fvm::div(phiRec, T)
+        + addSource/Cv
+        - fvm::laplacian(voidfractionRec*thCond/Cv, T)
+        - Qsource/Cv
+        - fvm::Sp(QCoeff/Cv, T)
+        ==
+        fvOptions(rhoeps, T)    // no fvOptions support yet
+    );
+
+    fvOptions.constrain(TEqn); // no fvOptions support yet
+
+    TEqn.solve();
+
+    particleCloud.clockM().start(31,"postFlow");
+    counter++;
+
+    if((counter - couplingSubStep) % dtDEM2dtCFD == 0)
+        particleCloud.postFlow();
+
+    particleCloud.clockM().stop("postFlow");

applications/solvers/rcfdemSolverCoupledHeattransfer/createFields.H

@@ -0,0 +1,230 @@
+    // dummy fields
+    Info << "\nCreating dummy pressure field\n" << endl;
+    volScalarField pRec
+    (
+        IOobject
+        (
+            "pRec",
+            runTime.timeName(),
+            mesh,
+            IOobject::READ_IF_PRESENT,
+            IOobject::AUTO_WRITE
+        ),
+        mesh,
+        dimensionedScalar("zero", dimensionSet(1,-1,-2,0,0,0,0), 0.0)
+    );
+
+    // recurrence fields
+    Info << "\nCreating recurrence fields.\n" << endl;
+
+    volScalarField rhoRec
+    (
+        IOobject
+        (
+            "rhoRec",
+            runTime.timeName(),
+            mesh,
+            IOobject::READ_IF_PRESENT,
+            IOobject::AUTO_WRITE
+        ),
+        mesh,
+        dimensionedScalar("zero", dimensionSet(1, -3, 0, 0, 0), 1.0)
+    );
+
+    volVectorField URec
+    (
+        IOobject
+        (
+            "URec",
+            runTime.timeName(),
+            mesh,
+            IOobject::READ_IF_PRESENT,
+            IOobject::AUTO_WRITE
+        ),
+        mesh,
+        dimensionedVector("zero", dimensionSet(0, 1, -1, 0, 0), vector::zero)
+    );
+
+    volScalarField voidfractionRec
+    (
+        IOobject
+        (
+            "voidfractionRec",
+            runTime.timeName(),
+            mesh,
+            IOobject::READ_IF_PRESENT,
+            IOobject::AUTO_WRITE
+        ),
+        mesh,
+        dimensionedScalar("zero", dimensionSet(0,0,0,0,0,0,0), 0.0)
+    );
+
+    volVectorField UsRec
+    (
+        IOobject
+        (
+            "UsRec",
+            runTime.timeName(),
+            mesh,
+            IOobject::READ_IF_PRESENT,
+            IOobject::AUTO_WRITE
+        ),
+        mesh,
+        dimensionedVector("zero", dimensionSet(0, 1, -1, 0, 0), vector::zero)
+    );
+
+    // heat transfer fields
+    Info << "\nCreating heat transfer fields.\n" << endl;
+
+    volScalarField Qsource
+    (
+        IOobject
+        (
+            "Qsource",
+            runTime.timeName(),
+            mesh,
+            IOobject::NO_READ,
+            IOobject::AUTO_WRITE
+        ),
+        mesh,
+        dimensionedScalar("zero", dimensionSet(1,-1,-3,0,0,0,0), 0.0)
+    );
+
+    volScalarField QCoeff
+    (   IOobject
+        (
+            "QCoeff",
+            runTime.timeName(),
+            mesh,
+            IOobject::NO_READ,
+            IOobject::AUTO_WRITE
+        ),
+        mesh,
+        dimensionedScalar("zero", dimensionSet(1,-1,-3,-1,0,0,0), 0.0)
+    );
+
+    volScalarField thCond
+    (
+        IOobject
+        (
+            "thCond",
+            runTime.timeName(),
+            mesh,
+            IOobject::READ_IF_PRESENT,
+            IOobject::AUTO_WRITE
+        ),
+        mesh,
+        dimensionedScalar("zero", dimensionSet(1,1,-3,-1,0,0,0), 0.0),
+        "zeroGradient"
+    );
+
+    volScalarField T
+    (
+        IOobject
+        (
+            "T",
+            runTime.timeName(),
+            mesh,
+            IOobject::MUST_READ,
+            IOobject::AUTO_WRITE
+        ),
+        mesh
+    );
+
+    // calculated fields
+    Info << "\nCreating fields subject to calculation\n" << endl;
+    volScalarField voidfraction
+    (
+        IOobject
+        (
+            "voidfraction",
+            runTime.timeName(),
+            mesh,
+            IOobject::NO_READ,
+            IOobject::AUTO_WRITE
+        ),
+        voidfractionRec
+    );
+
+    volVectorField Us
+    (
+        IOobject
+        (
+            "Us",
+            runTime.timeName(),
+            mesh,
+            IOobject::NO_READ,
+            IOobject::AUTO_WRITE
+        ),
+        UsRec
+    );
+
+    // write fields for t=t_start
+    voidfraction.write();
+    Us.write();
+//===============================
+
+
+    Info << "Calculating face flux field phiRec\n" << endl;
+    surfaceScalarField phiRec
+    (
+        IOobject
+        (
+            "phiRec",
+            runTime.timeName(),
+            mesh,
+            IOobject::READ_IF_PRESENT,
+            IOobject::AUTO_WRITE
+        ),
+        mesh,
+        dimensionedScalar("zero", dimensionSet(1,0,-1,0,0,0,0), 0.0)
+    );
+    phiRec.write();
+
+
+    Info << "Creating dummy turbulence model\n" << endl;
+    singlePhaseTransportModel laminarTransport(URec, phiRec);
+
+    autoPtr<incompressible::turbulenceModel> turbulence
+    (
+        incompressible::turbulenceModel::New(URec, phiRec, laminarTransport)
+    );
+
+
+    const IOdictionary& transportProps = mesh.lookupObject<IOdictionary>("transportProperties");
+    dimensionedScalar molMass(transportProps.lookup("molM"));
+    // need to scale R down with 1e3 because return value of RR in g, not kg
+    dimensionedScalar R("R",dimensionSet(0,2,-2,-1,0,0,0),Foam::constant::thermodynamic::RR / (1e3*molMass.value()));
+    Info << "specific gas constant R = " << R << endl;
+
+    dimensionedScalar Cv(transportProps.lookup("Cv"));
+
+
+    volScalarField addSource
+    (
+        IOobject
+        (
+           "addSource",
+           runTime.timeName(),
+           mesh,
+           IOobject::READ_IF_PRESENT,
+           IOobject::AUTO_WRITE
+        ),
+        mesh,
+        dimensionedScalar("zero", dimensionSet(1,-1,-3,0,0,0,0), 0.0)
+    );
+
+
+   // place to put weight functions
+    IOdictionary weightDict
+    (
+        IOobject
+        (
+            "weightDict",
+            runTime.constant(),
+            mesh,
+            IOobject::NO_READ,
+            IOobject::NO_WRITE
+        )
+    );
+    weightDict.add("weights",scalarList(1,1.0));

applications/solvers/rcfdemSolverCoupledHeattransfer/rcfdemSolverCoupledHeattransfer.C

@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+    CFDEMcoupling academic - Open Source CFD-DEM coupling
+
+    Contributing authors:
+    Thomas Lichtenegger
+    Copyright (C) 2015- Johannes Kepler University, Linz
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of CFDEMcoupling academic.
+
+    CFDEMcoupling academic is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    CFDEMcoupling academic is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with CFDEMcoupling academic.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+Application
+    rcfdemSolverHeattransfer
+
+Description
+    Solves heat transfer between fluid and particles based on rCFD
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "fvCFD.H"
+#include "fvOptions.H"
+#include "singlePhaseTransportModel.H"
+#include "turbulentTransportModel.H"
+#include "cfdemCloudRec.H"
+#include "recBase.H"
+#include "recModel.H"
+#include "recPath.H"
+
+#include "cfdemCloudEnergy.H"
+#include "clockModel.H"
+#include "thermCondModel.H"
+#include "energyModel.H"
+
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[])
+{
+    #include "postProcess.H"
+    #include "setRootCase.H"
+    #include "createTime.H"
+    #include "createMesh.H"
+    #include "createControl.H"
+    #include "createFields.H"
+    #include "createFvOptions.H"
+
+    cfdemCloudRec<cfdemCloudEnergy> particleCloud(mesh);
+    recBase recurrenceBase(mesh);
+    #include "updateFields.H"
+    #include "updateRho.H"
+
+    // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+    Info << "\nCalculating particle trajectories based on recurrence statistics\n" << endl;
+
+    label recTimeIndex = 0;
+    scalar recTimeStep = recurrenceBase.recM().recTimeStep();
+    scalar startTime = runTime.startTime().value();
+
+    // control coupling behavior in case of substepping
+    // assumes constant timestep size
+    label counter = 0;
+    label couplingSubStep = recurrenceBase.couplingSubStep();
+    double dtProp =  particleCloud.dataExchangeM().couplingTime() / runTime.deltaTValue();
+    label dtDEM2dtCFD = int(dtProp + 0.5);
+    Info << "deltaT_DEM / deltaT_CFD = " << dtDEM2dtCFD << endl;
+    if (dtDEM2dtCFD > 1)
+        Info << "coupling at substep " << couplingSubStep << endl;
+
+
+    while (runTime.run())
+    {
+        runTime++;
+
+        // do stuff (every lagrangian time step)
+        particleCloud.clockM().start(1,"Global");
+
+        Info << "Time = " << runTime.timeName() << nl << endl;
+
+        particleCloud.clockM().start(2,"Coupling");
+
+        particleCloud.evolve(voidfraction,Us,URec);
+
+        particleCloud.clockM().stop("Coupling");
+
+        particleCloud.clockM().start(26,"Flow");
+        #include "updateRho.H"
+        #include "TEqImp.H"
+        particleCloud.clockM().stop("Flow");
+
+        particleCloud.clockM().start(32,"ReadFields");
+        if ( runTime.timeOutputValue() - startTime - (recTimeIndex+1)*recTimeStep + 1.0e-5 > 0.0 )
+        {
+            recurrenceBase.updateRecFields();
+            #include "updateFields.H"
+            recTimeIndex++;
+        }
+        particleCloud.clockM().stop("ReadFields");
+
+        particleCloud.clockM().start(33,"Output");
+        runTime.write();
+        particleCloud.clockM().stop("Output");
+
+        particleCloud.clockM().stop("Global");
+
+        Info << "ExecutionTime = " << runTime.elapsedCpuTime() << " s"
+             << "  ClockTime = " << runTime.elapsedClockTime() << " s"
+             << nl << endl;
+
+    }
+
+    Info << "End\n" << endl;
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

applications/solvers/rcfdemSolverCoupledHeattransfer/updateFields.H

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+// get current weights for various databases
+
+// A: triggered over current value of boundary field
+// word boundaryName = "inlet";
+// label myinlet = mesh.boundary().findPatchID(boundaryName);
+// label startIndex = mesh.boundary()[boundaryName].start();
+
+// B: explicitly define weights
+
+scalarList wList(weightDict.lookupOrDefault("weights",scalarList(1,0.0)));
+
+recurrenceBase.recP().updateIntervalWeights(wList);
+
+// is it neccessary to extend recurrence path?
+if(recurrenceBase.recM().endOfPath())
+{
+    recurrenceBase.extendPath();
+}
+
+recurrenceBase.recM().exportVolScalarField("voidfraction",voidfractionRec);
+recurrenceBase.recM().exportVolScalarField("p",pRec);
+recurrenceBase.recM().exportVolVectorField("Us",UsRec);
+recurrenceBase.recM().exportSurfaceScalarField("phi",phiRec);
+
+Info << "current database weights: = " << wList << endl;
+Info << "current database: " << recurrenceBase.recM().currDataBase() << endl;
+for(int i=0;i<wList.size();i++)
+{
+    scalar w = wList[i];
+    if (recurrenceBase.recM().currDataBase() == i) w -= 1.0;
+    phiRec += w*recurrenceBase.recM().exportSurfaceScalarFieldAve("phi",i)();
+}
+
+{
+    volScalarField& NuField(const_cast<volScalarField&>(mesh.lookupObject<volScalarField> ("NuField")));
+    recurrenceBase.recM().exportVolScalarField("NuField",NuField);
+}
+

applications/solvers/rcfdemSolverCoupledHeattransfer/updateRho.H

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+rhoRec = pRec / (T * R);

applications/solvers/rcfdemSolverRhoSteadyPimple/EEqn.H

@@ -6,17 +6,14 @@
     particleCloud.energyContributions(Qsource);
     particleCloud.energyCoefficients(QCoeff);
 
-    //thDiff=particleCloud.thermCondM().thermDiff();   
-    thCond=particleCloud.thermCondM().thermCond(); 
-
-    addSource = 
+    addSource =
         (
             he.name() == "e"
-          ? 
+          ?
             fvc::div(phi, K) +
             fvc::div
             (
-                fvc::absolute(phi/fvc::interpolate(rho), voidfraction*U),
+                fvc::absolute(phi/fvc::interpolate(rho), voidfractionRec*U),
                 p,
                 "div(phiv,p)"
             )
@@ -32,12 +29,12 @@
       + addSource
       - Qsource
       - fvm::Sp(QCoeff/Cpv, he)
-      - fvm::laplacian(voidfraction*thCond/Cpv,he)
+ //     - fvm::laplacian(voidfractionRec*kf/Cpv,he)
+      - fvm::laplacian(voidfractionRec*thCond/Cpv,he)
      ==
         fvOptions(rho, he)
     );
 
-
     EEqn.relax();
 
     fvOptions.constrain(EEqn);

applications/solvers/rcfdemSolverRhoSteadyPimple/Make/files

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+rcfdemSolverRhoSteadyPimple.C
+
+EXE=$(CFDEM_APP_DIR)/rcfdemSolverRhoSteadyPimple

applications/solvers/rcfdemSolverRhoSteadyPimple/Make/options

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 include $(CFDEM_ADD_LIBS_DIR)/additionalLibs
 
+FOAM_VERSION_MAJOR := $(word 1,$(subst ., ,$(WM_PROJECT_VERSION)))
+PFLAGS+= -DOPENFOAM_VERSION_MAJOR=$(FOAM_VERSION_MAJOR)
 PFLAGS+= -Dcompre
 
 EXE_INC = \
@@ -15,9 +17,11 @@ EXE_INC = \
     -I$(LIB_SRC)/sampling/lnInclude \
     -I$(CFDEM_SRC_DIR)/lagrangian/cfdemParticle/lnInclude \
     -I$(CFDEM_SRC_DIR)/lagrangian/cfdemParticle/cfdTools \
+    -I$(CFDEM_SRC_DIR)/recurrence/lnInclude \
 
 EXE_LIBS = \
     -L$(CFDEM_LIB_DIR)\
+    -lrecurrence \
     -lcompressibleTransportModels \
     -lfluidThermophysicalModels \
     -lspecie \

applications/solvers/rcfdemSolverRhoSteadyPimple/UEqn.H

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ particleCloud.otherForces(fOther);
 tmp<fvVectorMatrix> tUEqn
 (
     fvm::div(phi, U)
-  + particleCloud.divVoidfractionTau(U, voidfraction)
+  + particleCloud.divVoidfractionTau(U, voidfractionRec)
   + fvm::Sp(Ksl,U)
   - fOther
  ==
@@ -18,13 +18,16 @@ fvOptions.constrain(UEqn);
 
 if (modelType=="B" || modelType=="Bfull")
 {
-    solve(UEqn == -fvc::grad(p)+ Ksl*Us);
+    solve(UEqn == -fvc::grad(p)+ Ksl*UsRec);
 }
 else
 {
-    solve(UEqn == -voidfraction*fvc::grad(p)+ Ksl*Us);
+    solve(UEqn == -voidfractionRec*fvc::grad(p)+ Ksl*UsRec);
 }
 
+//U.relax();
+#include "limitU.H"
+
 fvOptions.correct(U);
 
 K = 0.5*magSqr(U);

applications/solvers/rcfdemSolverRhoSteadyPimple/createFields.H

@@ -51,6 +51,19 @@ Info<< "Reading thermophysical properties\n" << endl;
         mesh
     );
 
+    volScalarField voidfractionRec
+    (
+        IOobject
+        (
+            "voidfractionRec",
+            runTime.timeName(),
+            mesh,
+            IOobject::NO_READ,
+            IOobject::AUTO_WRITE
+        ),
+        voidfraction
+    );
+
     volScalarField addSource
     (
         IOobject
@@ -58,10 +71,11 @@ Info<< "Reading thermophysical properties\n" << endl;
            "addSource",
            runTime.timeName(),
            mesh,
-           IOobject::MUST_READ,
+           IOobject::READ_IF_PRESENT,
            IOobject::AUTO_WRITE
         ),
-        mesh
+        mesh,
+        dimensionedScalar("zero", dimensionSet(1,-1,-3,0,0,0,0), 0.0)
     );
 
     Info<< "\nCreating fluid-particle heat flux field\n" << endl;
@@ -102,11 +116,12 @@ Info<< "Reading thermophysical properties\n" << endl;
             "thCond",
             runTime.timeName(),
             mesh,
-            IOobject::NO_READ,
+            IOobject::READ_IF_PRESENT,
             IOobject::AUTO_WRITE
         ),
         mesh,
-        dimensionedScalar("zero", dimensionSet(1,1,-3,-1,0,0,0), 0.0)
+        dimensionedScalar("zero", dimensionSet(1,1,-3,-1,0,0,0), 0.0),
+        "zeroGradient"
     );
 
     Info<< "\nCreating heat capacity field\n" << endl;
@@ -158,7 +173,7 @@ Info<< "Reading thermophysical properties\n" << endl;
         dimensionedScalar::lookupOrDefault
         (
             "rhoMax",
-            simple.dict(),
+            pimple.dict(),
             dimDensity,
             GREAT
         )
@@ -169,12 +184,45 @@ Info<< "Reading thermophysical properties\n" << endl;
         dimensionedScalar::lookupOrDefault
         (
             "rhoMin",
-            simple.dict(),
+            pimple.dict(),
             dimDensity,
             0
         )
     );
 
+    dimensionedScalar pMax
+    (
+        dimensionedScalar::lookupOrDefault
+        (
+            "pMax",
+            pimple.dict(),
+            dimPressure,
+            GREAT
+        )
+    );
+
+    dimensionedScalar pMin
+    (
+        dimensionedScalar::lookupOrDefault
+        (
+            "pMin",
+            pimple.dict(),
+            dimPressure,
+            -GREAT
+        )
+    );
+
+    dimensionedScalar UMax
+    (
+        dimensionedScalar::lookupOrDefault
+        (
+            "UMax",
+            pimple.dict(),
+            dimVelocity,
+            -1.0
+        )
+    );
+
     Info<< "Creating turbulence model\n" << endl;
     autoPtr<compressible::turbulenceModel> turbulence
     (
@@ -189,7 +237,7 @@ Info<< "Reading thermophysical properties\n" << endl;
 
     label pRefCell = 0;
     scalar pRefValue = 0.0;
-    setRefCell(p, simple.dict(), pRefCell, pRefValue);
+    setRefCell(p, pimple.dict(), pRefCell, pRefValue);
 
     mesh.setFluxRequired(p.name());
 
@@ -217,11 +265,11 @@ Info<< "Reading thermophysical properties\n" << endl;
             "Ksl",
             runTime.timeName(),
             mesh,
-            IOobject::MUST_READ,
+            IOobject::READ_IF_PRESENT,
             IOobject::AUTO_WRITE
         ),
-        mesh
-        //dimensionedScalar("0", dimensionSet(1, -3, -1, 0, 0), 1.0)
+        mesh,
+        dimensionedScalar("0", dimensionSet(1, -3, -1, 0, 0), 0.0)
     );
 
 
@@ -239,4 +287,20 @@ Info<< "Reading thermophysical properties\n" << endl;
         mesh
     );
 
+    volVectorField UsRec
+    (
+        IOobject
+        (
+            "UsRec",
+            runTime.timeName(),
+            mesh,
+            IOobject::NO_READ,
+            IOobject::AUTO_WRITE
+        ),
+        Us
+    );
+
+    
+    dimensionedScalar kf("0", dimensionSet(1, 1, -3, -1, 0, 0, 0), 0.026);
+
 //===============================

applications/solvers/rcfdemSolverRhoSteadyPimple/limitP.H

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+p = max(p, pMin);
+p = min(p, pMax);

applications/solvers/rcfdemSolverRhoSteadyPimple/limitU.H

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+if (UMax.value() > 0)
+{
+    forAll(U,cellI)
+    {
+        scalar mU(mag(U[cellI]));
+        if (mU > UMax.value())
+        {
+            U[cellI] *= UMax.value() / mU;
+        }
+    }
+}

applications/solvers/rcfdemSolverRhoSteadyPimple/pEqn.H

@@ -7,14 +7,15 @@ volScalarField rAU(1.0/UEqn.A());
 surfaceScalarField rhorAUf("rhorAUf", fvc::interpolate(rhoeps*rAU));
 if (modelType=="A")
 {
-    rhorAUf *= fvc::interpolate(voidfraction);
+    rhorAUf *= fvc::interpolate(voidfractionRec);
 }
 volVectorField HbyA(constrainHbyA(rAU*UEqn.H(), U, p));
+//tUEqn.clear();
 
-surfaceScalarField phiUs("phiUs", fvc::interpolate(rhoeps*rAU*Ksl*Us)& mesh.Sf());
+surfaceScalarField phiUs("phiUs", fvc::interpolate(rhoeps*rAU*Ksl*UsRec)& mesh.Sf());
 
 
-if (simple.transonic())
+if (pimple.transonic())
 {
 //  transonic version not implemented yet
 }
@@ -27,14 +28,14 @@ else
             fvc::flux(rhoeps*HbyA)
         )
     );
-    
+
     // flux without pressure gradient contribution
     phi = phiHbyA + phiUs;
 
     // Update the pressure BCs to ensure flux consistency
     constrainPressure(p, rhoeps, U, phi, rhorAUf);
 
-    while (simple.correctNonOrthogonal())
+    while (pimple.correctNonOrthogonal())
     {
         // Pressure corrector
         fvScalarMatrix pEqn
@@ -49,7 +50,7 @@ else
 
         pEqn.solve();
 
-        if (simple.finalNonOrthogonalIter())
+        if (pimple.finalNonOrthogonalIter())
         {
             phi += pEqn.flux();
         }
@@ -59,6 +60,8 @@ else
 // Explicitly relax pressure for momentum corrector
 p.relax();
 
+#include "limitP.H"
+
 // Recalculate density from the relaxed pressure
 rho = thermo.rho();
 rho = max(rho, rhoMin);
@@ -69,13 +72,15 @@ Info<< "rho max/min : " << max(rho).value()
 
 if (modelType=="A")
 {
-    U = HbyA - rAU*(voidfraction*fvc::grad(p)-Ksl*Us);
+    U = HbyA - rAU*(voidfractionRec*fvc::grad(p)-Ksl*UsRec);
 }
 else
 {
-    U = HbyA - rAU*(fvc::grad(p)-Ksl*Us);
+    U = HbyA - rAU*(fvc::grad(p)-Ksl*UsRec);
 }
 
+#include "limitU.H"
+
 U.correctBoundaryConditions();
 fvOptions.correct(U);
-K = 0.5*magSqr(U);
+K = 0.5*magSqr(U);

applications/solvers/rcfdemSolverRhoSteadyPimple/rcfdemSolverRhoSteadyPimple.C

@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+License
+
+    This is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with this code.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+    Copyright (C) 2015- Thomas Lichtenegger, JKU Linz, Austria
+
+Application
+    rcfdemSolverRhoSteadyPimple
+
+Description
+    Transient (DEM) + steady-state (CFD) solver for compressible flow using the
+    flexible PIMPLE (PISO-SIMPLE) algorithm. Particle-motion is obtained from
+    a recurrence process.
+    Turbulence modelling is generic, i.e. laminar, RAS or LES may be selected.
+    The code is an evolution of the solver rhoPimpleFoam in OpenFOAM(R) 4.x,
+    where additional functionality for CFD-DEM coupling is added.
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "fvCFD.H"
+#include "psiThermo.H"
+#include "turbulentFluidThermoModel.H"
+#include "bound.H"
+#include "pimpleControl.H"
+#include "fvOptions.H"
+#include "localEulerDdtScheme.H"
+#include "fvcSmooth.H"
+
+#include "cfdemCloudRec.H"
+#include "recBase.H"
+#include "recModel.H"
+#include "recPath.H"
+
+#include "cfdemCloudEnergy.H"
+#include "implicitCouple.H"
+#include "clockModel.H"
+#include "smoothingModel.H"
+#include "forceModel.H"
+#include "thermCondModel.H"
+#include "energyModel.H"
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[])
+{
+    #include "postProcess.H"
+
+    #include "setRootCase.H"
+    #include "createTime.H"
+    #include "createMesh.H"
+    #include "createControl.H"
+    #include "createTimeControls.H"
+    #include "createRDeltaT.H"
+    #include "initContinuityErrs.H"
+    #include "createFields.H"
+    #include "createFieldRefs.H"
+    #include "createFvOptions.H"
+
+    // create cfdemCloud
+    //#include "readGravitationalAcceleration.H"
+    cfdemCloudRec<cfdemCloudEnergy> particleCloud(mesh);
+    #include "checkModelType.H"
+    recBase recurrenceBase(mesh);
+    #include "updateFields.H"
+
+    turbulence->validate();
+    //#include "compressibleCourantNo.H"
+    //#include "setInitialDeltaT.H"
+
+    // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+    label recTimeIndex = 0;
+    scalar recTimeStep = recurrenceBase.recM().recTimeStep();
+    scalar startTime = runTime.startTime().value();
+
+    const IOdictionary& couplingProps = particleCloud.couplingProperties();
+    label nEveryFlow(couplingProps.lookupOrDefault<label>("nEveryFlow",1));
+    Info << "Solving flow equations every " << nEveryFlow << " steps.\n" << endl;
+    label stepcounter = 0;
+
+    Info<< "\nStarting time loop\n" << endl;
+
+    while (runTime.run())
+    {
+        #include "readTimeControls.H"
+        #include "compressibleCourantNo.H"
+        #include "setDeltaT.H"
+
+        runTime++;
+
+        particleCloud.clockM().start(1,"Global");
+
+        Info<< "Time = " << runTime.timeName() << nl << endl;
+
+        // do particle stuff
+        particleCloud.clockM().start(2,"Coupling");
+        bool hasEvolved = particleCloud.evolve(voidfraction,Us,U);
+
+        //voidfraction = voidfractionRec;
+        //Us = UsRec;
+
+        if(hasEvolved)
+        {
+            particleCloud.smoothingM().smoothen(particleCloud.forceM(0).impParticleForces());
+        }
+
+        Info << "update Ksl.internalField()" << endl;
+        Ksl = particleCloud.momCoupleM(0).impMomSource();
+        Ksl.correctBoundaryConditions();
+
+        //Force Checks
+        vector fTotal(0,0,0);
+        vector fImpTotal = sum(mesh.V()*Ksl.primitiveFieldRef()*(Us.primitiveFieldRef()-U.primitiveFieldRef()));
+        reduce(fImpTotal, sumOp<vector>());
+        Info << "TotalForceExp: " << fTotal << endl;
+        Info << "TotalForceImp: " << fImpTotal << endl;
+
+        #include "solverDebugInfo.H"
+        particleCloud.clockM().stop("Coupling");
+
+        particleCloud.clockM().start(26,"Flow");
+        volScalarField rhoeps("rhoeps",rho*voidfractionRec);
+        if (stepcounter%nEveryFlow==0)
+        {
+            while (pimple.loop())
+            {
+                // if needed, perform drag update here
+#if OPENFOAM_VERSION_MAJOR < 6
+                if (pimple.nCorrPIMPLE() <= 1)
+#else
+                if (pimple.nCorrPimple() <= 1)
+#endif
+                {
+                    #include "rhoEqn.H"
+                }
+
+                // --- Pressure-velocity PIMPLE corrector loop
+
+                #include "UEqn.H"
+                #include "EEqn.H"
+
+                // --- Pressure corrector loop
+                while (pimple.correct())
+                {
+                    // besides this pEqn, OF offers a "pimple consistent"-option
+                    #include "pEqn.H"
+                    rhoeps=rho*voidfractionRec;
+                }
+
+                if (pimple.turbCorr())
+                {
+                    turbulence->correct();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        stepcounter++;
+        particleCloud.clockM().stop("Flow");
+
+        particleCloud.clockM().start(31,"postFlow");
+        particleCloud.postFlow();
+        particleCloud.clockM().stop("postFlow");
+
+        particleCloud.clockM().start(32,"ReadFields");
+        if ( runTime.timeOutputValue() - startTime - (recTimeIndex+1)*recTimeStep + 1.0e-5 > 0.0 )
+        {
+            recurrenceBase.updateRecFields();
+            #include "updateFields.H"
+            recTimeIndex++;
+        }
+        particleCloud.clockM().stop("ReadFields");
+
+        runTime.write();
+
+
+        Info<< "ExecutionTime = " << runTime.elapsedCpuTime() << " s"
+            << "  ClockTime = " << runTime.elapsedClockTime() << " s"
+            << nl << endl;
+
+
+        particleCloud.clockM().stop("Global");
+    }
+
+    Info<< "End\n" << endl;
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

applications/solvers/rcfdemSolverRhoSteadyPimple/updateFields.H

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+// is it neccessary to extend recurrence path?
+if(recurrenceBase.recM().endOfPath())
+{
+    recurrenceBase.extendPath();
+}
+
+recurrenceBase.recM().exportVolScalarField("voidfraction",voidfractionRec);
+recurrenceBase.recM().exportVolVectorField("Us",UsRec);

applications/solvers/recSolverTurbTransport/Make/files

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+recSolverTurbTransport.C
+
+EXE=$(CFDEM_APP_DIR)/recSolverTurbTransport

applications/solvers/recSolverTurbTransport/Make/options

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+include $(CFDEM_ADD_LIBS_DIR)/additionalLibs
+
+EXE_INC = \
+    -I$(CFDEM_OFVERSION_DIR) \
+    -I$(LIB_SRC)/finiteVolume/lnInclude \
+    -I$(LIB_SRC)/meshTools/lnInclude \
+    -I$(LIB_SRC)/TurbulenceModels/turbulenceModels/lnInclude \
+    -I$(LIB_SRC)/TurbulenceModels/incompressible/lnInclude \
+    -I$(LIB_SRC)/transportModels \
+    -I$(LIB_SRC)/transportModels/incompressible/singlePhaseTransportModel \
+    -I$(CFDEM_SRC_DIR)/lagrangian/cfdemParticle/lnInclude \
+    -I$(CFDEM_SRC_DIR)/lagrangian/cfdemParticle/cfdTools \
+    -I$(CFDEM_SRC_DIR)/recurrence/lnInclude \
+    -I$(CFDEM_SRC_DIR)/lagrangian/cfdemParticle/derived/cfdemCloudRec \
+
+EXE_LIBS = \
+    -L$(CFDEM_LIB_DIR)\
+    -lrecurrence \
+    -lturbulenceModels \
+    -lincompressibleTurbulenceModels \
+    -lincompressibleTransportModels \
+    -lfiniteVolume \
+    -lmeshTools \
+    -lfvOptions \
+    -l$(CFDEM_LIB_NAME) \
+     $(CFDEM_ADD_LIB_PATHS) \
+     $(CFDEM_ADD_LIBS)

applications/solvers/recSolverTurbTransport/TEq.H

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+
+volScalarField alphaEff("alphaEff", turbulence->nu()/Sc + dU2/Sct);
+
+TEqn =
+(
+    fvm::ddt(T)
+    + fvm::div(phiRec, T)
+    - fvm::laplacian(alphaEff, T)
+    ==
+    fvOptions(T)
+);
+
+TEqn.relax(relaxCoeff);
+
+fvOptions.constrain(TEqn);
+
+TEqn.solve();

applications/solvers/recSolverTurbTransport/createFields.H

@@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
+    // dummy fields
+    Info<< "\nCreating dummy pressure and density fields\n" << endl;
+    volScalarField p
+    (
+        IOobject
+        (
+            "p",
+            runTime.timeName(),
+            mesh,
+            IOobject::NO_READ,
+            IOobject::NO_WRITE
+        ),
+        mesh,
+        dimensionedScalar("p", dimensionSet(1, 2, -2, 0, 0), 1.0)
+    );
+    
+    volScalarField rho
+    (
+        IOobject
+        (
+            "rho",
+            runTime.timeName(),
+            mesh,
+            IOobject::NO_READ,
+            IOobject::NO_WRITE
+        ),
+        mesh,
+        dimensionedScalar("rho", dimensionSet(1, -3, 0, 0, 0), 1.0)
+    );
+    
+    // recurrence fields
+    Info<< "\nCreating recurrence fields.\n" << endl;
+
+    volVectorField URec
+    (
+        IOobject
+        (
+            "URec",
+            runTime.timeName(),
+            mesh,
+            IOobject::MUST_READ,
+            IOobject::AUTO_WRITE
+        ),
+        mesh
+    );
+
+    volScalarField U2Rec
+    (
+        IOobject
+        (
+            "U2Rec",
+            runTime.timeName(),
+            mesh,
+            IOobject::MUST_READ,
+            IOobject::AUTO_WRITE
+        ),
+        mesh
+    );
+
+    // calculated fields
+    Info<< "\nCreating fields subject to calculation\n" << endl;
+
+    volScalarField delta
+    (
+        IOobject
+        (
+            "delta",
+            runTime.timeName(),
+            mesh,
+            IOobject::NO_READ,
+            IOobject::AUTO_WRITE
+        ),
+       mesh,
+       dimensionedScalar("delta", dimLength, 0.0)
+    );
+
+    delta.primitiveFieldRef()=pow(mesh.V(),1.0/3.0);
+    delta.write();
+
+
+    Info<< "\ncreating dU2\n" << endl;
+
+    volScalarField dU2
+    (
+        IOobject
+        (
+            "dU2",
+            runTime.timeName(),
+            mesh,
+            IOobject::NO_READ,
+            IOobject::AUTO_WRITE
+        ),
+        sqrt(0.5*mag(U2Rec - magSqr(URec)))*delta*0.094
+     );
+
+    forAll(dU2, cellI)
+    {
+        if (U2Rec[cellI]-magSqr(URec[cellI]) < 0.0)
+        {
+            dU2[cellI] = 0.0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    dU2.write();
+
+Info<< "Calculating face flux field phiRec\n" << endl;
+surfaceScalarField phiRec
+ (
+     IOobject
+     (
+        "phiRec",
+        runTime.timeName(),
+        mesh,
+        IOobject::READ_IF_PRESENT,
+        IOobject::AUTO_WRITE
+     ),
+     linearInterpolate(URec) & mesh.Sf()
+ );
+
+    phiRec.write();
+
+    singlePhaseTransportModel laminarTransport(URec, phiRec);
+
+    autoPtr<incompressible::turbulenceModel> turbulence
+    (
+        incompressible::turbulenceModel::New(URec, phiRec, laminarTransport)
+    );
+  
+    dimensionedScalar Sc("Sc", dimless, laminarTransport);
+    dimensionedScalar Sct("Sct", dimless, laminarTransport);
+  
+ // create concentration field
+ Info<< "Creating scalar transport field\n" << endl;
+
+    volScalarField T
+    (
+        IOobject
+        (
+            "T",
+            runTime.timeName(),
+            mesh,
+            IOobject::MUST_READ,
+            IOobject::AUTO_WRITE
+        ),
+        mesh
+    );
+    
+    fvScalarMatrix TEqn(T, dimless*dimVolume/(dimTime));
+
+    scalar relaxCoeff(0.0);
+
+ Info<< "reading clockProperties\n" << endl;
+
+    IOdictionary clockProperties
+    (
+            IOobject
+            (
+                "clockProperties",
+                mesh.time().constant(),
+                mesh,
+                IOobject::MUST_READ,
+                IOobject::NO_WRITE
+            )
+    );
+
+    autoPtr<clockModel> myClock
+    (
+            clockModel::New
+            (
+                clockProperties,
+                mesh.time()
+            )
+    );
+

applications/solvers/recSolverTurbTransport/readFields.H

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+
+recurrenceBase.recM().exportVolScalarField("U2Mean",U2Rec);
+recurrenceBase.recM().exportVolVectorField("UMean",URec);
+phiRec=linearInterpolate(URec) & mesh.Sf();
+
+dU2=sqrt(0.5*mag(U2Rec - magSqr(URec)))*delta*0.094;
+
+forAll(dU2, cellI)
+{
+    if (U2Rec[cellI]-magSqr(URec[cellI]) < 0.0)
+    {
+        dU2[cellI] = 0.0;
+    }
+}

applications/solvers/recSolverTurbTransport/recSolverTurbTransport.C

@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+    CFDEMcoupling academic - Open Source CFD-DEM coupling
+    
+    Contributing authors:
+    Thomas Lichtenegger, Gerhard Holzinger
+    Copyright (C) 2015- Johannes Kepler University, Linz
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of CFDEMcoupling academic.
+
+    CFDEMcoupling academic is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    CFDEMcoupling academic is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with CFDEMcoupling academic.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+Application
+    Turbulent Transport Solver Recurrence
+
+Description
+    Solves a transport equation for a passive scalar on a single-phase solution
+    for a solver based on recurrence statistics
+
+Rules
+	Solution data to compute the recurrence statistics from, needs to 
+		reside in $CASE_ROOT/dataBase
+	Time step data in dataBase needs to be evenly spaced in time
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "fvCFD.H"
+#include "singlePhaseTransportModel.H"
+#include "turbulentTransportModel.H"
+#include "fvOptions.H"
+
+#include "recBase.H"
+#include "recModel.H"
+
+#include "clockModel.H"
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[])
+{
+    #include "postProcess.H"
+    #include "setRootCase.H"
+    #include "createTime.H"
+    #include "createMesh.H"
+    #include "createControl.H"
+    #include "createFields.H"
+    #include "createFvOptions.H"
+  
+    recBase recurrenceBase(mesh);
+
+    // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+    Info<< "\nCalculating particle trajectories based on recurrence statistics\n" << endl;
+    
+    label recTimeIndex(0);
+    scalar recTimeStep_=recurrenceBase.recM().recTimeStep();
+    
+    while (runTime.run())
+    {
+
+        myClock().start(1,"Global");
+
+        runTime++;
+        
+        Info<< "Time = " << runTime.timeName() << nl << endl;
+
+        myClock().start(2,"fieldUpdate");
+        
+        if ( runTime.timeOutputValue() - (recTimeIndex+1)*recTimeStep_ + 1.0e-5 > 0.0 )
+        {
+	    Info << "Updating fields at run time " << runTime.timeOutputValue()
+	        << " corresponding to recurrence time " << (recTimeIndex+1)*recTimeStep_ << ".\n" << endl;
+            recurrenceBase.updateRecFields();
+            #include "readFields.H"
+            recTimeIndex++;
+        }
+
+        myClock().stop("fieldUpdate");
+
+        myClock().start(3,"speciesEqn");
+        #include "TEq.H"
+        myClock().stop("speciesEqn");
+
+        runTime.write();
+        
+        Info<< "ExecutionTime = " << runTime.elapsedCpuTime() << " s"
+        << "  ClockTime = " << runTime.elapsedClockTime() << " s"
+        << nl << endl;
+        
+        myClock().stop("Global");
+
+    }
+    
+    myClock().evalPar();
+    myClock().normHist();
+
+    Info<< "End\n" << endl;
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

applications/solvers/rtfmSolverSpecies/Make/files

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+rtfmSolverSpecies.C
+
+EXE=$(CFDEM_APP_DIR)/rtfmSolverSpecies

applications/solvers/rtfmSolverSpecies/Make/options

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+include $(CFDEM_ADD_LIBS_DIR)/additionalLibs
+
+EXE_INC = \
+    -I$(CFDEM_OFVERSION_DIR) \
+    -I$(LIB_SRC)/finiteVolume/lnInclude \
+    -I$(LIB_SRC)/meshTools/lnInclude \
+    -I$(LIB_SRC)/TurbulenceModels/turbulenceModels/lnInclude \
+    -I$(LIB_SRC)/TurbulenceModels/incompressible/lnInclude \
+    -I$(LIB_SRC)/transportModels \
+    -I$(LIB_SRC)/transportModels/incompressible/singlePhaseTransportModel \
+    -I$(CFDEM_SRC_DIR)/lagrangian/cfdemParticle/lnInclude \
+    -I$(CFDEM_SRC_DIR)/lagrangian/cfdemParticle/cfdTools \
+    -I$(CFDEM_SRC_DIR)/recurrence/lnInclude \
+    -I$(CFDEM_SRC_DIR)/lagrangian/cfdemParticle/derived/cfdemCloudRec \
+
+EXE_LIBS = \
+    -L$(CFDEM_LIB_DIR)\
+    -lrecurrence \
+    -lturbulenceModels \
+    -lincompressibleTurbulenceModels \
+    -lincompressibleTransportModels \
+    -lfiniteVolume \
+    -lmeshTools \
+    -lfvOptions \
+    -l$(CFDEM_LIB_NAME) \
+     $(CFDEM_ADD_LIB_PATHS) \
+$(CFDEM_ADD_LIBS)

applications/solvers/rtfmSolverSpecies/TEq.H

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+    TEqn =
+    (
+        fvm::ddt(alpha2Rec, T)
+        + fvm::div(phi2Rec, T)
+        - fvm::laplacian(alpha2Rec*turbulence->nu(), T)
+        ==
+        fvOptions(alpha2Rec, T) // no fvOptions support yet
+    );
+
+    TEqn.relax(relaxCoeff);
+
+    fvOptions.constrain(TEqn); // no fvOptions support yet
+
+    TEqn.solve();

applications/solvers/rtfmSolverSpecies/createFields.H

@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+    // dummy fields
+    Info << "\nCreating dummy pressure and density fields\n" << endl;
+    volScalarField p
+    (
+        IOobject
+        (
+            "p",
+            runTime.timeName(),
+            mesh,
+            IOobject::NO_READ,
+            IOobject::NO_WRITE
+        ),
+        mesh,
+        dimensionedScalar("p", dimensionSet(1, 2, -2, 0, 0), 1.0)
+    );
+
+    volScalarField rho
+    (
+        IOobject
+        (
+            "rho",
+            runTime.timeName(),
+            mesh,
+            IOobject::NO_READ,
+            IOobject::NO_WRITE
+        ),
+        mesh,
+        dimensionedScalar("rho", dimensionSet(1, -3, 0, 0, 0), 1.0)
+    );
+
+    // recurrence fields
+    Info << "\nCreating recurrence fields.\n" << endl;
+    volVectorField U1Rec
+    (
+        IOobject
+        (
+            "U1Rec",
+            runTime.timeName(),
+            mesh,
+            IOobject::MUST_READ,
+            IOobject::AUTO_WRITE
+        ),
+        mesh
+    );
+
+    volScalarField alpha1Rec
+    (
+        IOobject
+        (
+            "alpha1Rec",
+            runTime.timeName(),
+            mesh,
+            IOobject::MUST_READ,
+            IOobject::AUTO_WRITE
+        ),
+        mesh
+    );
+
+    volVectorField U2Rec
+    (
+        IOobject
+        (
+            "U2Rec",
+            runTime.timeName(),
+            mesh,
+            IOobject::MUST_READ,
+            IOobject::AUTO_WRITE
+        ),
+        mesh
+    );
+
+    // calculated fields
+    Info << "\nCreating fields subject to calculation\n" << endl;
+    volScalarField alpha2Rec
+    (
+        IOobject
+        (
+            "alpha2Rec",
+            runTime.timeName(),
+            mesh,
+            IOobject::NO_READ,
+            IOobject::AUTO_WRITE
+        ),
+        1-alpha1Rec
+    );
+
+
+    // write fields for t=t_start
+    alpha2Rec.write();
+//===============================
+
+
+    Info << "Calculating face flux field phi\n" << endl;
+    surfaceScalarField phi2Rec
+    (
+        IOobject
+        (
+            "phi2Rec",
+            runTime.timeName(),
+            mesh,
+            IOobject::READ_IF_PRESENT,
+            IOobject::AUTO_WRITE
+        ),
+        linearInterpolate(U2Rec*alpha2Rec) & mesh.Sf()
+    );
+    phi2Rec.write();
+
+    singlePhaseTransportModel laminarTransport(U2Rec, phi2Rec);
+
+    autoPtr<incompressible::turbulenceModel> turbulence
+    (
+        incompressible::turbulenceModel::New(U2Rec, phi2Rec, laminarTransport)
+    );
+
+    // transport stuff
+
+    // create concentration field
+    volScalarField T
+    (
+        IOobject
+        (
+            "T",
+            runTime.timeName(),
+            mesh,
+            IOobject::MUST_READ,
+            IOobject::AUTO_WRITE
+        ),
+        mesh
+    );
+
+    fvScalarMatrix TEqn(T, dimless*dimVolume/(dimTime));
+
+    T.write();
+
+    scalar relaxCoeff(0.0);

applications/solvers/rtfmSolverSpecies/readFields.H

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+recurrenceBase.recM().exportVolScalarField("alpha.air",alpha1Rec);
+alpha2Rec=1-alpha1Rec;
+recurrenceBase.recM().exportVolVectorField("U.air",U1Rec);
+recurrenceBase.recM().exportVolVectorField("U.water",U2Rec);
+recurrenceBase.recM().exportSurfaceScalarField("phi.water",phi2Rec);
+

applications/solvers/rtfmSolverSpecies/rtfmSolverSpecies.C

@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+    CFDEMcoupling academic - Open Source CFD-DEM coupling
+
+    Contributing authors:
+    Thomas Lichtenegger, Gerhard Holzinger
+    Copyright (C) 2015- Johannes Kepler University, Linz
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of CFDEMcoupling academic.
+
+    CFDEMcoupling academic is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    CFDEMcoupling academic is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with CFDEMcoupling academic.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+Application
+    cfdemSolverRecurrence
+
+Description
+    Solves a transport equation for a passive scalar on a two-phase solution
+    Test-bed for a solver based on recurrence statistics
+
+Rules
+    Solution data to compute the recurrence statistics from, needs to
+        reside in $CASE_ROOT/dataBase
+    Time step data in dataBase needs to be evenly spaced in time
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "fvCFD.H"
+#include "singlePhaseTransportModel.H"
+#include "turbulentTransportModel.H"
+#include "fvOptions.H"
+
+#include "cfdemCloudRec.H"
+#include "recBase.H"
+#include "recModel.H"
+
+#include "cfdemCloud.H"
+#include "clockModel.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[])
+{
+    #include "postProcess.H"
+    #include "setRootCase.H"
+    #include "createTime.H"
+    #include "createMesh.H"
+    #include "createControl.H"
+    #include "createFields.H"
+    #include "createFvOptions.H"
+
+    cfdemCloudRec<cfdemCloud> particleCloud(mesh);
+    recBase recurrenceBase(mesh);
+
+    // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+    Info << "\nCalculating particle trajectories based on recurrence statistics\n" << endl;
+
+    label recTimeIndex(0);
+    scalar recTimeStep_=recurrenceBase.recM().recTimeStep();
+
+    while (runTime.run())
+    {
+        runTime++;
+
+        // do stuff (every lagrangian time step)
+        particleCloud.clockM().start(1,"Global");
+
+        Info << "Time = " << runTime.timeName() << nl << endl;
+
+        particleCloud.clockM().start(2,"Flow");
+        #include "TEq.H"
+        particleCloud.clockM().stop("Flow");
+
+
+        if ( runTime.timeOutputValue() - (recTimeIndex+1)*recTimeStep_ + 1.0e-5 > 0.0 )
+        {
+            Info << "Updating fields at run time " << runTime.timeOutputValue()
+                 << " corresponding to recurrence time " << (recTimeIndex+1)*recTimeStep_ << ".\n" << endl;
+            recurrenceBase.updateRecFields();
+            #include "readFields.H"
+            recTimeIndex++;
+        }
+
+        particleCloud.clockM().start(27,"Output");
+        runTime.write();
+        particleCloud.clockM().stop("Output");
+
+        particleCloud.clockM().stop("Global");
+
+        Info << "ExecutionTime = " << runTime.elapsedCpuTime() << " s"
+             << "  ClockTime = " << runTime.elapsedClockTime() << " s"
+             << nl << endl;
+    }
+
+    Info << "End\n" << endl;
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

applications/solvers/testTwoFluidRecurrenceTurbulence/Allwclean

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+cd ${0%/*} || exit 1    # Run from this directory
+set -x
+
+wclean libso recurrenceTurbulence
+
+wclean
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------- end-of-file

applications/solvers/testTwoFluidRecurrenceTurbulence/Allwmake

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+cd ${0%/*} || exit 1    # Run from this directory
+set -x
+
+wmake libso recurrenceTurbulence
+
+wmake
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------- end-of-file

applications/solvers/testTwoFluidRecurrenceTurbulence/CEqn.H

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+// build equation system
+/*
+    Note the use of the effective viscosity, which is provided by the turbulence model
+    The recurrence-based turbulence models are derived from the standard base classes 
+    of OpenFOAM, thus they behave as a normal turbulence model would.
+*/
+
+alphaRhoPhiCarrier = linearInterpolate(alpha2*rhoCarrier)*phi2;
+
+fvScalarMatrix CEqn
+(
+	fvm::ddt(alphaCarrier*rhoCarrier, C)
+  + fvm::div(alphaRhoPhiCarrier, C, "div(alphaRhoPhi,C)")
+  - fvm::Sp(fvc::div(alphaRhoPhiCarrier), C)
+
+  - fvm::laplacian
+	(
+		fvc::interpolate(alpha2)
+	   *fvc::interpolate(carrierPhase.turbulence().muEff()/Sc),
+		C
+	)
+	==
+	fvm::SuSp(alphaCarrier*(1.0 - alphaCarrier)*rhoCarrier*K, C)
+	+ fvOptions(alphaCarrier*rhoCarrier, C)
+);
+
+// solve equations
+fvOptions.constrain(CEqn);
+CEqn.solve();

applications/solvers/testTwoFluidRecurrenceTurbulence/Make/files

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+testTwoFluidRecurrenceTurbulence.C
+
+EXE = $(FOAM_USER_APPBIN)/testTwoFluidRecurrenceTurbulence

applications/solvers/testTwoFluidRecurrenceTurbulence/Make/options

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+EXE_INC = \
+    -I$(FOAM_SOLVERS)/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam \
+    -I$(FOAM_SOLVERS)/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/twoPhaseSystem/lnInclude \
+    -I$(FOAM_SOLVERS)/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/lnInclude \
+    -I$(FOAM_SOLVERS)/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/interfacialModels/lnInclude \
+    -I$(FOAM_SOLVERS)/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/interfacialCompositionModels/lnInclude \
+    -I$(FOAM_SOLVERS)/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/twoPhaseCompressibleTurbulenceModels/lnInclude \
+    -I$(LIB_SRC)/thermophysicalModels/basic/lnInclude \
+    -I$(LIB_SRC)/transportModels/compressible/lnInclude \
+    -I$(LIB_SRC)/TurbulenceModels/turbulenceModels/lnInclude \
+    -I$(LIB_SRC)/TurbulenceModels/compressible/lnInclude \
+    -I$(LIB_SRC)/TurbulenceModels/phaseCompressible/lnInclude \
+    -I$(LIB_SRC)/finiteVolume/lnInclude \
+    -I$(LIB_SRC)/meshTools/lnInclude \
+    -I$(LIB_SRC)/sampling/lnInclude \
+    -I../../../src/recurrence/lnInclude \
+    -IrecurrenceTurbulence/lnInclude
+
+EXE_LIBS = \
+    -lreactingPhaseSystem \
+    -lreactingTwoPhaseSystem \
+    -lreactingEulerianInterfacialModels \
+    -lreactingEulerianInterfacialCompositionModels \
+    -ltwoPhaseReactingTurbulenceModels \
+    -lfiniteVolume \
+    -lfvOptions \
+    -lmeshTools \
+    -lsampling \
+    -L$(FOAM_USER_LIBBIN) \
+    -lrecurrence \
+    -lrecurrenceTwoPhaseTurbulenceModels

applications/solvers/testTwoFluidRecurrenceTurbulence/checkTurbulenceModels.H

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+//===============================
+// recurrence turbulence
+//===============================
+
+
+    // check both phases for turbulence models
+    forAllIter(PtrListDictionary<phaseModel>, fluid.phases(), iter)
+    {
+        phaseModel& phase = iter();
+        
+        Info << "Checking phase " << phase.name() << "'s turbulence model: "
+            << phase.turbulence().type() << endl;
+        
+        /*
+            Check for laminar turbulence. This works with OpenFOAM-4.0 and OpenFOAM-5.0,
+            as the laminar, multi-phase turbulence model is named "laminar" in OF-4.0
+            and "Stokes" in OF-5.0
+        */
+        if (phase.turbulence().type() == "laminar" || phase.turbulence().type() == "Stokes")
+        {
+            // do nothing
+        }
+        else if (isA<Foam::recurrenceTurbulenceModel>(phase.turbulence()))
+        {
+            /*
+                create a reference of the type recurrenceTurbulenceModel
+                register the recurrence model with the recurrenceTurbulenceModel
+            */
+            
+            // get const-reference to the turbulence model
+            const phaseCompressibleTurbulenceModel& turbConstRef = phase.turbulence();
+            
+            // cast away const-ness, the underlying turbulence model is not a const object, so this is bad but fine
+            phaseCompressibleTurbulenceModel& turbRef = const_cast<phaseCompressibleTurbulenceModel&>(turbConstRef);
+            
+            // cast away the wrapper class, to get a reference to the turbulence models' base class
+            PhaseCompressibleTurbulenceModel<phaseModel>& baseTurbRef
+            (
+                static_cast<PhaseCompressibleTurbulenceModel<phaseModel>&>(turbRef)
+            );
+            
+            // casting down the family tree
+            Foam::recurrenceTurbulenceModel& recTurbRef
+            (
+                dynamic_cast<Foam::recurrenceTurbulenceModel&>(baseTurbRef)
+            );
+            
+            
+            // set recurrenceBase pointer
+            recTurbRef.setRecurrenceBasePtr(&recurrenceBase);
+            
+            
+            // check model settings
+            turbRef.validate();
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            /*
+                In a recurrence run, we do not compute any turbulence as we do not solve the fluid flow
+                At this point, the phase is not laminar (i.e. not using turbulence) or 
+                    using recurrenceTurbulence (i.e. taking turbulent quantities from the data base).
+                Hence, abort!
+            */
+            FatalError
+                << "Wrong turbulence model type "
+                << phase.turbulence().type() << " for phase " << phase.name() << nl << nl
+                << "Valid turbulence model types are types derived from recurrenceTurbulenceModel or laminar" << endl
+                << exit(FatalError);
+        }
+    }

applications/solvers/testTwoFluidRecurrenceTurbulence/createTransportFields.H

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+/* 								read flotation properties							 */
+/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+Info<< "Reading scalarTransportProperties\n" << endl;
+IOdictionary scalarTransportProperties
+(
+    IOobject
+    (
+        "scalarTransportProperties",
+        runTime.constant(),
+        mesh,
+        IOobject::MUST_READ_IF_MODIFIED,
+        IOobject::NO_WRITE
+    )
+);
+
+
+const scalar Sc(scalarTransportProperties.lookupOrDefault<scalar>("Sc",scalar(1.0)));
+
+
+const word carrierPhaseName(scalarTransportProperties.lookup("carrierPhase"));
+
+if (carrierPhaseName != phase1.name() && carrierPhaseName != phase2.name())
+{
+	FatalError << "No valid carrier phase specified" << nl
+		<< "Valid phase names are: " << nl
+		<< phase1.name() << ",  " << phase2.name()
+		<< abort(FatalError);
+}
+
+phaseModel& carrierPhase = (carrierPhaseName == phase1.name()) ? phase1 : phase2;
+
+const word dispersePhaseName = (carrierPhaseName == phase1.name()) ? phase2.name() : phase1.name();
+
+
+volScalarField& rhoCarrier = carrierPhase.thermo().rho();
+volScalarField& alphaCarrier = carrierPhase;
+surfaceScalarField& alphaRhoPhiCarrier = carrierPhase.alphaRhoPhi();
+
+
+volScalarField contErrCarrier
+(
+    "contErrCarrier",
+    fvc::ddt(alphaCarrier, rhoCarrier)
+);
+
+
+
+Info<< "Reading field C\n" << endl;
+volScalarField C
+(
+    IOobject
+    (
+        "C",
+        runTime.timeName(),
+        mesh,
+        IOobject::MUST_READ,
+        IOobject::AUTO_WRITE
+    ),
+    mesh
+);
+
+volScalarField K
+(
+    IOobject
+    (
+        "K",
+        runTime.timeName(),
+        mesh,
+        IOobject::MUST_READ,
+        IOobject::NO_WRITE
+    ),
+    mesh
+);
+
+
+
+

applications/solvers/testTwoFluidRecurrenceTurbulence/readFields.H

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+// update flow fields
+recurrenceBase.recM().exportVolScalarField("alpha."+carrierPhaseName,alpha2);
+recurrenceBase.recM().exportVolScalarField("alpha."+dispersePhaseName,alpha1);
+
+recurrenceBase.recM().exportVolVectorField("U."+carrierPhaseName,U2);
+
+// update turbulence models
+phase1.correctTurbulence();
+phase2.correctTurbulence();

applications/solvers/testTwoFluidRecurrenceTurbulence/recurrenceTurbulence/Allwclean

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+cd ${0%/*} || exit 1    # Run from this directory
+
+
+wclean libso
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

applications/solvers/testTwoFluidRecurrenceTurbulence/recurrenceTurbulence/Allwmake

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+cd ${0%/*} || exit 1    # Run from this directory
+
+# Parse arguments for library compilation
+. $WM_PROJECT_DIR/wmake/scripts/AllwmakeParseArguments
+
+wmake $targetType
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

applications/solvers/testTwoFluidRecurrenceTurbulence/recurrenceTurbulence/Make/files

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+recurrenceTurbulenceModel/recurrenceTurbulenceModel.C
+
+
+recurrenceTurbulenceModels.C
+
+recurrenceKEpsilon/recurrenceKEpsilon.C
+recurrenceKOmega/recurrenceKOmega.C
+recurrenceSmagorinsky/recurrenceSmagorinsky.C
+
+LIB = $(FOAM_USER_LIBBIN)/librecurrenceTwoPhaseTurbulenceModels

applications/solvers/testTwoFluidRecurrenceTurbulence/recurrenceTurbulence/Make/options

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+EXE_INC = \
+    -I$(FOAM_SOLVERS)/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/twoPhaseSystem/lnInclude \
+    -I$(FOAM_SOLVERS)/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/phaseSystems/lnInclude \
+    -I$(FOAM_SOLVERS)/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/interfacialModels/lnInclude\
+    -I$(FOAM_SOLVERS)/multiphase/reactingEulerFoam/interfacialCompositionModels/lnInclude \
+    -I$(LIB_SRC)/transportModels/compressible/lnInclude \
+    -I$(LIB_SRC)/thermophysicalModels/basic/lnInclude \
+    -I$(LIB_SRC)/transportModels/incompressible/transportModel \
+    -I$(LIB_SRC)/TurbulenceModels/compressible/lnInclude \
+    -I$(LIB_SRC)/TurbulenceModels/turbulenceModels/lnInclude \
+    -I$(LIB_SRC)/TurbulenceModels/phaseCompressible/lnInclude \
+    -I$(LIB_SRC)/finiteVolume/lnInclude \
+    -I$(LIB_SRC)/meshTools/lnInclude \
+    -I../recurrenceTurbulenceModel/lnInclude \
+    -I../../../../src/recurrence/lnInclude
+
+LIB_LIBS = \
+    -lreactingPhaseSystem \
+    -lreactingTwoPhaseSystem \
+    -lreactingEulerianInterfacialModels \
+    -lreactingEulerianInterfacialCompositionModels \
+    -lfiniteVolume \
+    -lfvOptions \
+    -lmeshTools \
+    -L$(FOAM_USER_LIBBIN) \
+    -lrecurrence \
+    -lreactingTwoPhaseSystem

applications/solvers/testTwoFluidRecurrenceTurbulence/recurrenceTurbulence/ReadMe.md

@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+# Recurrence-based, multi-phase turbulence modelling
+
+This model implements recurrence-based turbulence models, i.e. the fundamental 
+turbulent field quantities are read from the data base and are not solved for.
+All derived field quantities are computed just in the same way as the proper 
+turbulence models do. By deriving the recurrence-based turbulence models from 
+somewhere up the family tree of OpenFOAM's turbulence model class hierarchy, 
+the recurrence-based turbulence models are fully compatible with OpenFOAM's 
+generic treatment of turbulence modelling, i.e. solvers and libraries interact 
+with references to a generic base type of the actual turbulence model. Hence, 
+solvers and libraries may remain blissfully ignorant of the actual turbulence 
+model in use.
+
+For laminar phases no special treatment is necessary, as the *laminar* 
+turbulence model does not compute any fields.
+
+
+## Development notes
+
+The initial development covers only a small number of turbulence models.
+
+
+## Notes on usage
+
+The turbulence model in use for the recurrence run must be the recurrence-based 
+equivalent of the turbulence model used for generating the data base, i.e. if 
+the data base was computed using the *kEpsilon* model, then the recurrence solver 
+is to employ the *recurrenceKEpsilon* turbulence model. This model will read 
+the relevant model coefficients from the *turbulenceProperties* dictionary, and 
+make sure that the turbulent fields `k` and `epsilon` are contained in the data 
+base.
+
+Whenever, the solver or a library calls `turbulence->nut()` to access the 
+turbulent viscosity, the recurrence-based kEpsilon model will compute `nut` 
+according to kEpsilon's relations `nut = Cmu*sqr(k)/epsilon`, with the fields 
+`k` and `epsilon` being from the current snapshot provided by the recurrence model.
+
+Thus, the fundamental turbulent field quantities of the employed turbulence model 
+have to be added to the *volScalarFields* list in the `recProperties` dictionary 
+controlling the recurrence model. This will ensure that the turbulent field 
+quantities are read from the data base.
+
+
+## Notes on the implementation
+
+The base class implements the method `void setRecurrenceBasePtr(recBase*)`, which 
+is used to give the recurrence-based turbulence models a reference (technically 
+a pointer) to the recurrence model. Thus, after construction of the turbulence 
+models and the recurrence model, `setRecurrenceBasePtr()` needs to be called as 
+the pointer to the recurrence model is initialized by the constructor with `NULL`.
+Trying to access the recurrence model from within the recurrence-based turbulence 
+model prior to setting the pointer to the recurrence model with 
+`setRecurrenceBasePtr()` will result in a segmentation fault.
+In order to be able to call `setRecurrenceBasePtr()`, the generic reference to 
+the turbulence model needs to be converted into a reference of the base class' 
+type, i.e. `recurrenceTurbulenceModel`.
+This unfortunate deviation from good standards, i.e. making full use of C++'s 
+polymorphism, should be the only instance of having to use non-pretty hacks.
+However, apart from initialisation, i.e. setting the pointer to the recurrence 
+model, the recurrence-based turbulence models adhere to the generic interface of 
+OpenFOAM's turbulence models, and can be used as any other turbulence model.
+
+
+The concrete implementations, e.g. *recurrenceKEpsilon*, use the method 
+`validate()` to check whether the underlying turbulent quantities are specified 
+for use in the data base in the *volScalarFields* list in the `recProperties` 
+dictionary. This method is part of the signature of the class `Foam::turbulenceModel`, 
+which is the very base class of all turbulence models in OpenFOAM.
+In proper turbulence models, this method is used to check whether the internal 
+fields are properly initialized and to update all derived quantities.
+In the solver, `validate()` must not be called prior to `setRecurrenceBasePtr()`, 
+as validate accesses the recurrence model. The wrong order of function calls will 
+result in a segmentation fault, as the pointer to the recurrence model is 
+initialized by the constructor with `NULL`.
+
+
+The concrete implementations, e.g. *recurrenceKEpsilon*, use the method 
+`correct()` to update the turbulent field quantities from the data base, 
+and in turn update the derived quantities, such as `nut`.
+This method is part of the signature of the class `Foam::turbulenceModel`, 
+which is the very base class of all turbulence models in OpenFOAM.
+In proper turbulence models, this method is used to solve for the next time step.
+
+
+## Compilation
+
+Source OpenFOAM and simply compile with
+
+```bash
+./Allwclean
+./Allwmake
+```
+
+The script `Allwclean` will clear all previous builds. This step is not needed for
+first-time compilation. It is, however, recommended for subsequent compilations, as
+it completely clears the slate. The script `Allwmake` will run the compilation for
+the passive particle model.
+
+
+## Required software
+
+This model has been tested with the following versions of OpenFOAM:
+
+* OpenFOAM-4.0
+* OpenFOAM-5.0
+
+

applications/solvers/testTwoFluidRecurrenceTurbulence/recurrenceTurbulence/recurrenceKEpsilon/recurrenceKEpsilon.C

@@ -0,0 +1,193 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     |
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011-2016 OpenFOAM Foundation
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "recurrenceKEpsilon.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Static Data Members * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * Protected Member Functions  * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+
+void Foam::RASModels::recurrenceKEpsilon::correctNut()
+{
+    this->nut_ = Cmu_*sqr(k_)/epsilon_;
+    this->nut_.correctBoundaryConditions();
+}
+
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Constructors  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+Foam::RASModels::recurrenceKEpsilon::recurrenceKEpsilon
+(
+    const volScalarField& alpha,
+    const volScalarField& rho,
+    const volVectorField& U,
+    const surfaceScalarField& alphaRhoPhi,
+    const surfaceScalarField& phi,
+    const transportModel& phase,
+    const word& propertiesName,
+    const word& type
+
+)
+:
+    eddyViscosity<RASModel<EddyDiffusivity<phaseCompressibleTurbulenceModel>>>
+    (
+        type,
+        alpha,
+        rho,
+        U,
+        alphaRhoPhi,
+        phi,
+        phase,
+        propertiesName
+    ),
+    recurrenceTurbulenceModel(U.group()),
+    Cmu_
+    (
+        dimensioned<scalar>::lookupOrAddToDict
+        (
+            "Cmu",
+            this->coeffDict_,
+            0.09
+        )
+    ),
+    k_
+    (
+        IOobject
+        (
+            IOobject::groupName("k", U.group()),
+            this->runTime_.timeName(),
+            this->mesh_,
+            IOobject::NO_READ,
+            IOobject::AUTO_WRITE
+        ),
+        this->mesh_,
+        dimensionedScalar("k0", dimensionSet(0,2,-2,0,0), 0.0)
+    ),
+    epsilon_
+    (
+        IOobject
+        (
+            IOobject::groupName("epsilon", U.group()),
+            this->runTime_.timeName(),
+            this->mesh_,
+            IOobject::NO_READ,
+            IOobject::AUTO_WRITE
+        ),
+        this->mesh_,
+        dimensionedScalar("eps0", dimensionSet(0,2,-3,0,0), 0.0)
+    )
+{
+    if (type == typeName)
+    {
+        printCoeffs(type);
+    }
+}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Destructor  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+
+Foam::RASModels::recurrenceKEpsilon::~recurrenceKEpsilon()
+{}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Member Functions  * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+bool Foam::RASModels::recurrenceKEpsilon::read()
+{
+    if
+    (
+        eddyViscosity<RASModel<EddyDiffusivity<phaseCompressibleTurbulenceModel>>>::read()
+    )
+    {
+        Cmu_.readIfPresent(this->coeffDict());
+        
+        return true;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        return false;
+    }
+}
+
+
+void Foam::RASModels::recurrenceKEpsilon::correct()
+{
+    // update turbulence fields
+    recurrenceBasePtr_->recM().exportVolScalarField("k."+group_, this->k_);
+    recurrenceBasePtr_->recM().exportVolScalarField("epsilon."+group_, this->epsilon_);
+    
+    // update nut
+    correctNut();
+}
+
+
+void Foam::RASModels::recurrenceKEpsilon::validate()
+{
+    /*
+        Check whether k and epsilon are included in the dataBase.
+        The check only makes sure that these fields are included in the
+            volScalarFields list of recProperties.
+        Whether the fields are actually contained in the dataBase is 
+            done by the recurrenceModel itself.
+    */
+    bool foundK(false);
+    bool foundEpsilon(false);
+    
+    wordList fieldNames(recurrenceBasePtr_->recM().volScalarFieldNames());
+    
+    forAll(fieldNames, i)
+    {
+        word curFieldName = fieldNames[i];
+        
+        if (curFieldName == k_.name())
+        {
+            foundK = true;
+        }
+        
+        if (curFieldName == epsilon_.name())
+        {
+            foundEpsilon = true;
+        }
+        
+        
+    }
+    
+    if (not (foundK and foundEpsilon))
+    {
+        FatalError
+            << "Fields " << k_.name() << " and " << epsilon_.name()
+            << " not specified in the volScalarFields list of recProperties!" << nl
+            << "volScalarFields : " << fieldNames << nl
+            << "Add these fields and make sure they are contained in the dataBase." << nl
+            << exit(FatalError);
+    }
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

applications/solvers/testTwoFluidRecurrenceTurbulence/recurrenceTurbulence/recurrenceKEpsilon/recurrenceKEpsilon.H

@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     |
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011-2016 OpenFOAM Foundation
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+Class
+    Foam::recurrenceKEpsilon
+
+Description
+    recurrence-based kEpsilon turbulence model
+
+    This model provides kEpslion's turbulence quantities that were computed 
+    elsewhere, i.e. taken from the recurrence dataBase.
+    To be used by recurrence solvers.
+
+SourceFiles
+    recurrenceKEpsilon.C
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef recurrenceKEpsilon_H
+#define recurrenceKEpsilon_H
+
+#include "RASModel.H"
+#include "eddyViscosity.H"
+#include "phaseCompressibleTurbulenceModel.H"
+#include "EddyDiffusivity.H"
+
+#include "recurrenceTurbulenceModel.H"
+
+#include "autoPtr.H"
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+namespace RASModels
+{
+
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+                           Class recurrenceKEpsilon Declaration
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+class recurrenceKEpsilon
+:
+    public eddyViscosity<RASModel<EddyDiffusivity<phaseCompressibleTurbulenceModel>>>,
+    public recurrenceTurbulenceModel
+{
+    // Private data
+
+    // Private Member Functions
+
+
+        //- Disallow default bitwise copy construct
+        recurrenceKEpsilon(const recurrenceKEpsilon&);
+
+        //- Disallow default bitwise assignment
+        void operator=(const recurrenceKEpsilon&);
+        
+
+protected:
+
+    // Protected data
+
+        // Model coefficients
+
+            dimensionedScalar Cmu_;
+
+        // Fields
+
+            volScalarField k_;
+            volScalarField epsilon_;
+    
+    // Protected Member Functions
+
+        virtual void correctNut();
+
+
+public:
+
+
+    //- Runtime type information
+    TypeName("recurrenceKEpsilon");
+
+
+    // Constructors
+
+        //- Construct from components
+        recurrenceKEpsilon
+        (
+            const volScalarField& alpha,
+            const volScalarField& rho,
+            const volVectorField& U,
+            const surfaceScalarField& alphaRhoPhi,
+            const surfaceScalarField& phi,
+            const phaseModel& transport,
+            const word& propertiesName = turbulenceModel::propertiesName,
+            const word& type = typeName
+        );
+
+
+
+    //- Destructor
+    virtual ~recurrenceKEpsilon();
+
+
+    // Member Functions
+
+        //- Re-read model coefficients if they have changed
+        virtual bool read();
+        
+        
+        //- Return the turbulence kinetic energy
+        virtual tmp<volScalarField> k() const
+        {
+            return k_;
+        }
+
+        //- Return the turbulence kinetic energy dissipation rate
+        virtual tmp<volScalarField> epsilon() const
+        {
+            return epsilon_;
+        }
+
+        //- Update the turbulent fields
+        virtual void correct();
+        
+        //- Check model settings
+        virtual void validate();
+};
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+} // End namespace RASModels
+} // End namespace Foam
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+#endif
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

applications/solvers/testTwoFluidRecurrenceTurbulence/recurrenceTurbulence/recurrenceKOmega/recurrenceKOmega.C

@@ -0,0 +1,193 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     |
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011-2016 OpenFOAM Foundation
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "recurrenceKOmega.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Static Data Members * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * Protected Member Functions  * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+
+void Foam::RASModels::recurrenceKOmega::correctNut()
+{
+    this->nut_ = k_/omega_;
+    this->nut_.correctBoundaryConditions();
+}
+
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Constructors  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+Foam::RASModels::recurrenceKOmega::recurrenceKOmega
+(
+    const volScalarField& alpha,
+    const volScalarField& rho,
+    const volVectorField& U,
+    const surfaceScalarField& alphaRhoPhi,
+    const surfaceScalarField& phi,
+    const transportModel& phase,
+    const word& propertiesName,
+    const word& type
+
+)
+:
+    eddyViscosity<RASModel<EddyDiffusivity<phaseCompressibleTurbulenceModel>>>
+    (
+        type,
+        alpha,
+        rho,
+        U,
+        alphaRhoPhi,
+        phi,
+        phase,
+        propertiesName
+    ),
+    recurrenceTurbulenceModel(U.group()),
+    Cmu_
+    (
+        dimensioned<scalar>::lookupOrAddToDict
+        (
+            "Cmu",
+            this->coeffDict_,
+            0.09
+        )
+    ),
+    k_
+    (
+        IOobject
+        (
+            IOobject::groupName("k", U.group()),
+            this->runTime_.timeName(),
+            this->mesh_,
+            IOobject::NO_READ,
+            IOobject::AUTO_WRITE
+        ),
+        this->mesh_,
+        dimensionedScalar("k0", dimensionSet(0,2,-2,0,0), 0.0)
+    ),
+    omega_
+    (
+        IOobject
+        (
+            IOobject::groupName("omega", U.group()),
+            this->runTime_.timeName(),
+            this->mesh_,
+            IOobject::NO_READ,
+            IOobject::AUTO_WRITE
+        ),
+        this->mesh_,
+        dimensionedScalar("om0", dimensionSet(0,0,-1,0,0), 0.0)
+    )
+{
+    if (type == typeName)
+    {
+        printCoeffs(type);
+    }
+}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Destructor  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+
+Foam::RASModels::recurrenceKOmega::~recurrenceKOmega()
+{}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Member Functions  * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+bool Foam::RASModels::recurrenceKOmega::read()
+{
+    if
+    (
+        eddyViscosity<RASModel<EddyDiffusivity<phaseCompressibleTurbulenceModel>>>::read()
+    )
+    {
+        Cmu_.readIfPresent(this->coeffDict());
+        
+        return true;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        return false;
+    }
+}
+
+
+void Foam::RASModels::recurrenceKOmega::correct()
+{
+    // update turbulence fields
+    recurrenceBasePtr_->recM().exportVolScalarField("k."+group_, this->k_);
+    recurrenceBasePtr_->recM().exportVolScalarField("omega."+group_, this->omega_);
+    
+    // update nut
+    correctNut();
+}
+
+
+void Foam::RASModels::recurrenceKOmega::validate()
+{
+    /*
+        Check whether k and omega are included in the dataBase.
+        The check only makes sure that these fields are included in the
+            volScalarFields list of recProperties.
+        Whether the fields are actually contained in the dataBase is 
+            done by the recurrenceModel itself.
+    */
+    bool foundK(false);
+    bool foundOmega(false);
+    
+    wordList fieldNames(recurrenceBasePtr_->recM().volScalarFieldNames());
+    
+    forAll(fieldNames, i)
+    {
+        word curFieldName = fieldNames[i];
+        
+        if (curFieldName == k_.name())
+        {
+            Info << "Found " << k_.name()<< endl;
+            foundK = true;
+        }
+        
+        if (curFieldName == omega_.name())
+        {
+            Info << "Found " << omega_.name()<< endl;
+            foundOmega = true;
+        }
+    }
+    
+    if (not (foundK and foundOmega))
+    {
+        FatalError
+            << "Fields " << k_.name() << " and " << omega_.name()
+            << " not specified in the volScalarFields list of recProperties!" << nl
+            << "volScalarFields : " << fieldNames << nl
+            << "Add these fields and make sure they are contained in the dataBase." << nl
+            << exit(FatalError);
+    }
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

applications/solvers/testTwoFluidRecurrenceTurbulence/recurrenceTurbulence/recurrenceKOmega/recurrenceKOmega.H

@@ -0,0 +1,188 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     |
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011-2016 OpenFOAM Foundation
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+Class
+    Foam::recurrenceKOmega
+
+Description
+    recurrence-based kOmega turbulence model
+
+    This model provides kOmega's turbulence quantities that were computed 
+    elsewhere, i.e. taken from the recurrence dataBase
+    To be used by recurrence solvers
+
+SourceFiles
+    recurrenceKOmega.C
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef recurrenceKOmega_H
+#define recurrenceKOmega_H
+
+#include "RASModel.H"
+#include "eddyViscosity.H"
+#include "phaseCompressibleTurbulenceModel.H"
+#include "EddyDiffusivity.H"
+
+#include "recurrenceTurbulenceModel.H"
+
+#include "autoPtr.H"
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+namespace RASModels
+{
+
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+                           Class recurrenceKOmega Declaration
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+class recurrenceKOmega
+:
+    public eddyViscosity<RASModel<EddyDiffusivity<phaseCompressibleTurbulenceModel>>>,
+    public recurrenceTurbulenceModel
+{
+    // Private data
+
+    // Private Member Functions
+
+
+        //- Disallow default bitwise copy construct
+        recurrenceKOmega(const recurrenceKOmega&);
+
+        //- Disallow default bitwise assignment
+        void operator=(const recurrenceKOmega&);
+        
+
+protected:
+
+    // Protected data
+
+        // Model coefficients
+
+            dimensionedScalar Cmu_;
+
+        // Fields
+
+            volScalarField k_;
+            volScalarField omega_;
+    
+    // Protected Member Functions
+
+        virtual void correctNut();
+
+
+public:
+
+
+    //- Runtime type information
+    TypeName("recurrenceKOmega");
+
+
+    // Constructors
+
+        //- Construct from components
+        recurrenceKOmega
+        (
+            const volScalarField& alpha,
+            const volScalarField& rho,
+            const volVectorField& U,
+            const surfaceScalarField& alphaRhoPhi,
+            const surfaceScalarField& phi,
+            const phaseModel& transport,
+            const word& propertiesName = turbulenceModel::propertiesName,
+            const word& type = typeName
+        );
+
+
+
+    //- Destructor
+    virtual ~recurrenceKOmega();
+
+
+    // Member Functions
+
+        //- Re-read model coefficients if they have changed
+        virtual bool read();
+        
+        
+        //- Return the turbulence kinetic energy
+        virtual tmp<volScalarField> k() const
+        {
+            return k_;
+        }
+
+        //- Return the turbulence specific dissipation rate
+        virtual tmp<volScalarField> omega() const
+        {
+            return omega_;
+        }
+
+        //- Return the turbulence kinetic energy dissipation rate
+        virtual tmp<volScalarField> epsilon() const
+        {
+            return tmp<volScalarField>
+            (
+                new volScalarField
+                (
+                    IOobject
+                    (
+                        "epsilon",
+                        this->mesh_.time().timeName(),
+                        this->mesh_
+                    ),
+                    Cmu_*k_*omega_,
+                    omega_.boundaryField().types()
+                )
+            );
+        }
+
+        //- Update the turbulent fields
+        virtual void correct();
+        
+        //- Check model settings
+        virtual void validate();
+        
+        
+    // Setters
+        
+        void setRecurrenceBasePtr(recBase* recurrenceBasePtr)
+        {
+            recurrenceBasePtr_ = recurrenceBasePtr;
+        }
+};
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+} // End namespace RASModels
+} // End namespace Foam
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+#endif
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

applications/solvers/testTwoFluidRecurrenceTurbulence/recurrenceTurbulence/recurrenceSmagorinsky/recurrenceSmagorinsky.C

@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     |
+    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011-2015 OpenFOAM Foundation
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "recurrenceSmagorinsky.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * Protected Member Functions  * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+Foam::tmp<Foam::volScalarField> Foam::LESModels::recurrenceSmagorinsky::k
+(
+    const tmp<volTensorField>& gradU
+) const
+{
+    volSymmTensorField D(symm(gradU));
+
+    volScalarField a(this->Ce_/this->delta());
+    volScalarField b((2.0/3.0)*tr(D));
+    volScalarField c(2*Ck_*this->delta()*(dev(D) && D));
+
+    return tmp<volScalarField>
+    (
+        new volScalarField
+        (
+            IOobject
+            (
+                IOobject::groupName("k", this->U_.group()),
+                this->runTime_.timeName(),
+                this->mesh_
+            ),
+            sqr((-b + sqrt(sqr(b) + 4*a*c))/(2*a))
+        )
+    );
+}
+
+
+void Foam::LESModels::recurrenceSmagorinsky::correctNut()
+{
+    volScalarField k(this->k(fvc::grad(this->U_)));
+
+    this->nut_ = Ck_*this->delta()*sqrt(k);
+    this->nut_.correctBoundaryConditions();
+}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Constructors  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+Foam::LESModels::recurrenceSmagorinsky::recurrenceSmagorinsky
+(
+    const volScalarField& alpha,
+    const volScalarField& rho,
+    const volVectorField& U,
+    const surfaceScalarField& alphaRhoPhi,
+    const surfaceScalarField& phi,
+    const transportModel& phase,
+    const word& propertiesName,
+    const word& type
+)
+:
+    LESeddyViscosity<EddyDiffusivity<phaseCompressibleTurbulenceModel>>
+    (
+        type,
+        alpha,
+        rho,
+        U,
+        alphaRhoPhi,
+        phi,
+        phase,
+        propertiesName
+    ),
+    recurrenceTurbulenceModel(U.group()),
+    Ck_
+    (
+        dimensioned<scalar>::lookupOrAddToDict
+        (
+            "Ck",
+            this->coeffDict_,
+            0.094
+        )
+    )
+{
+    if (type == typeName)
+    {
+        this->printCoeffs(type);
+    }
+}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Member Functions  * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+bool Foam::LESModels::recurrenceSmagorinsky::read()
+{
+    if (LESeddyViscosity<EddyDiffusivity<phaseCompressibleTurbulenceModel>>::read())
+    {
+        Ck_.readIfPresent(this->coeffDict());
+
+        return true;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        return false;
+    }
+}
+
+
+Foam::tmp<Foam::volScalarField> Foam::LESModels::recurrenceSmagorinsky::epsilon() const
+{
+    volScalarField k(this->k(fvc::grad(this->U_)));
+
+    return tmp<volScalarField>
+    (
+        new volScalarField
+        (
+            IOobject
+            (
+                IOobject::groupName("epsilon", this->U_.group()),
+                this->runTime_.timeName(),
+                this->mesh_
+            ),
+            this->Ce_*k*sqrt(k)/this->delta()
+        )
+    );
+}
+
+
+void Foam::LESModels::recurrenceSmagorinsky::correct()
+{
+    // update nut
+    correctNut();
+}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //